Publications

[clinical study of a new injectable cephem, fk037, for acute bacterial prostatitis].	fk037, a new injectable cephem antibiotic, was administered in the treatment of 13 acute bacterial prostatitis (mean age 53.5, range 30-79), and its effectiveness and safety were evaluated. the human prostatic fluid (pf) concentration of fk037 on 7 specimens 1 hour after 1 g i.v.d., was in the range of 0.87-7.47 micrograms/ml (mean +/- sd, 3.43 +/- 2.23 micrograms/ml), whereas, the serum concentration averaged 45.3 +/- 2.88 micrograms/ml, the ratio of pf/serum consequently being 0.08 +/- 0.05. i ...	1994	7863869
hydroxyapatite orbital implant abscess: histopathologic correlation of an infected implant following evisceration.	a 60-year-old diabetic man with a history of ocular trauma and absolute glaucoma underwent evisceration with placement of an 18 mm hydroxyapatite orbital implant. the host scleral shell was left intact with no posterior opening for vascular ingrowth. one year later the patient presented with implant exposure, limited fibrovascular ingrowth into the implant, and a staphylococcus aureus orbital abscess. the implant was removed, and pathology demonstrated suppurative inflammation with limited vascu ...	1994	7865449
role of neutrophil fc gamma riia (cd32) and fc gamma riiib (cd16) polymorphic forms in phagocytosis of human igg1- and igg3-opsonized bacteria and erythrocytes.	the four subclasses of igg have different biological activities associated with their fc regions. fc gamma receptors on leucocytes (fc gamma r) mediate binding and phagocytosis of opsonized particles. two structurally and functionally distinct allelic polymorphisms of the fc gamma r have been defined: the h/r131 forms of fc gamma riia (cd32), and the neutrophil antigen 1 (na1)/na2 forms of fc gamma riiib (cd16). in this study the activities of allotypes of cd16 are analysed with antibacterial ig ...	1994	7875742
staphylococcal neutral phosphatase. a highly cationic molecule with binding properties for immunoglobulin.	staphylococcal neutral phosphatase (nptase) was purified from two staphylococcus aureus strains by sequential high salt extraction, ultracentrifugation and ion exchange chromatography. the enzyme showed maximum phosphatase activity at neutral ph, appeared as two bands in sds-page (31 and 32 kda), and the isoelectric point was > 10. no close similarity between nptase and other known bacterial proteins in respect of their n-terminal amino acid sequences was found. purified nptase bound rat and hum ...	1994	7888157
expression and regulation of cd30 ligand and cd30 in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines.	the cd30 antigen was originally described as a specific surface marker for hodgkin's lymphoma. recent work established cd30 as a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily whose ligand (cd30l) has also been cloned and expressed; cd30l is active as membrane-bound type ii glycoprotein. here, cd30l mrna expression was studied in a panel of 102 continuous human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines and was found only in four burkitt lymphoma, one burkit-type acute lymphoblas ...	1994	7528856
sulfatides trigger increase of cytosolic free calcium and enhanced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 mrna in human neutrophils. evidence for a role of l-selectin as a signaling molecule.	sulfatides have been established recently as ligands for l-selectin, and we investigated whether they trigger transmembrane signals through ligation of l-selectin. we found that sulfatides trigger the increase of cytosolic free calcium in neutrophils and that this effect was strictly dependent on sulfation of the galactose ring, as non-sulfated galactocerebrosides were not stimulatory. chymotrypsin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment of neutrophils caused shedding of l-selectin, but no ...	1994	7508438
inhibition of human b lymphocyte cell cycle progression and differentiation by rapamycin.	in this study, we have analyzed the effects of the immunosuppressive agent rapamycin on the activation of highly purified normal human b lymphocytes. when the polyclonal activators staphylococcus aureus (sa) and soluble cd40 ligand (cd40l) were used to stimulate b cells, rapamycin inhibited both interleukin 2 (il2)-dependent and -independent proliferation, as well as il2-dependent differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. cell cycle analysis indicated that rapamycin inhibited the progressio ...	1994	7517796
cd1+ human thymocytes proliferate in response to superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin b1.	exposure of human thymocytes to superantigens results in the deletion of thymocytes expressing specific tcr-v beta genes. the factors that contribute to this deletion may relate to the inherent nature of the t cell at a given stage of development. in this paper, we demonstrate that cd1+ human cortical thymocytes are capable of proliferating in response to a bacterial superantigen (staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb)) in the presence of autologous cd2-/low thymic apcs. phenotypic analysis of the r ...	1994	7519639
gene therapy for cystic fibrosis using e1-deleted adenovirus: a phase i trial in the nasal cavity. the university of north carolina at chapel hill.	cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal recessive disease that reflects mutations in the cftr gene. multiple mutations in this gene have been detected that lead to a protein (cftr) that is abnormally metabolized, dysfunction, or both. the full spectrum of the activities of the gene product have not been defined, but it is clear that cftr can act as a camp-regulated cl- channel. this type of defect is consistent with the physiologic characterization of cf epithelia, which has revealed abnormalities ...	1994	7519885
soluble peptidoglycan-induced monokine production can be blocked by anti-cd14 monoclonal antibodies and by lipid a partial structures.	we have investigated the interaction of soluble peptidoglycan (spg), in comparison with lipopolysaccharide (lps), with human mononuclear cells (mnc) by determining the capacity of spg to induce interleukin-6 (il-6) and il-1 release. in addition, we investigated the modulation of their interaction by anti-cd14 monoclonal antibody and by partial structures of lps. we found that spg, like lps, was able to induce il-6 and il-1 production by mnc. however, dose-response experiments revealed that at le ...	1994	7523297
recovery of human fibroblasts from attack by the pore-forming alpha-toxin of staphylococcus aureus.	when applied at low concentrations (< 10 micrograms/ml), staphylococcal alpha-toxin generates a small channel in keratinocyte and lymphocyte membranes that permits selective transmembrane flux of monovalent ions. here we show that a moderate concentration (1-50 micrograms/ml) of alpha-toxin similarly produces a small pore in membranes of human fibroblasts. this process leads to rapid leakage of k+ and to a drop in cellular atp to 10-20% of normal levels in 2 h. in the presence of medium suppleme ...	1994	7535374
structures and biological activities of tobramycin-ticarcillin adducts.	aminoglycosides and penicillins chemically interact when they are combined in vitro or in vivo. the resulting adducts are considered to be biologically inactive. the major adducts formed in he interaction between tobramycin and ticarcillin have been recently isolated in pure form in our laboratory. on the basis of mass, infrared, and proton magnetic resonance spectra, the major adducts appeared 10 be amides formed by an attack of the beta-lactam carbonyl group of ticarcillin by an amino group of ...	1994	9120803
evidence that spinach leaves express calreticulin but not calsequestrin.	the presence of either calreticulin (cr) or calsequestrin (cs-like proteins in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaves has been previously described. here we report the purification from spinach leaves of two highly acidic (isoelectric point 5.2) ca(2+)-binding proteins of 56 and 54 kd by means of deae-cellulose chromatography followed by phenyl-sepharose chromatography in the presence of zn(2+) (i.e., under experimental conditions that allowed the purification of cr from human liver). on the othe ...	1995	8552722
staphylococcus aureus colonisation and bacteraemia in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a dynamic interaction with the host.	bacterial infections are common in persons with symptomatic disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). colonisation and infection with staphylococcus aureus is present in 30% to 50% of persons with hiv disease. risk factors for bacteraemia due to s. aureus include nasal colonisation, advanced hiv disease with cd4+ lymphocyte count < 100/mm3, prior hospitalisations, neutropenia, skin lesions, intravenous drug use, and the presence of invasive devices, such as intravenous catheters. som ...	1995	8609535
inhibition of bacterial growth in vitro by human ejaculate seminal plasma fraction 1 and its possible practical use in male infertility phenomenon.	the in vitro bacteriostatic effect on bacteria by a fraction of human ejaculate (husepl-fr1) was studied.	1995	8574072
specific targeting of infectious foci with radioiodinated human recombinant interleukin-1 in an experimental model.	in the present study, radioiodinated human recombinant interleukin-1 (il-1) was investigated for its potential to image infectious foci in vivo in an animal model of infection. twenty-four hours after induction of a staphylococcus aureus abscess in the left calf muscle, mice were i.v. injected with both iodine-125 labelled il-1 and iodine-131 labelled myoglobin, a size-matched control agent. the animals were killed for tissue biodistribution studies at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h p.i. gamma camera ima ...	1995	8575472
isolation, and virulence profiles, of aeromonas hydrophila implicated in an outbreak of food poisoning in sweden.	a case of food poisoning outbreak involving aeromonas hydrophila is reported in this study. a group of 27 people consumed a typical swedish food "landgång" which is a type of smörgåsbord containing shrimps with mayonnaise, liver paté, ham, sausage, and legume salad which was purchased from a food store. twenty-two of the 27 persons became ill within 20-34 hr of consumption of the food and reported the symptoms ranging from severe acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fever and vomiting. one ...	1995	8577278
inhibitory effects of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids on induction of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are known to affect immune responses as well as inflammatory responses, and have been used for the treatment of inflammatory symptoms in china. this study is aimed at elucidating the inhibitory effects of two alkaloids, fangchinoline and isotetrandrine, on the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 (il-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), by staphylococcus aureus cowan 1 (sac)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. thes ...	1995	8824940
effects of rebamipide on gastric cell damage by helicobacter pylori-stimulated human neutrophils.	helicobacter pylori stimulated human neutrophils to produce oxygen radicals as evidenced by the production of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol. the capacity of h. pylori to produce oxygen radicals from neutrophils was much higher than that of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus and is almost as strong as that of pma. rebamipide (2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2-(1h)-quinolinon-4-yl] propionic acid) suppressed the chemiluminescence produced by h. pylori-stimulated neutrophils and ...	1995	8866835
correlation between reduction of surface hydrophobicity of s. aureus and the decrease in its adhesiveness induced by subinhibitory concentrations of brodimoprim.	hydrophobic interactions are involved in the mechanism of adhesion of a variety of bacteria to host tissues. bacterial attachment to human cells is modulated by a change in interfacial free energy and this is correlated with surface hydrophobicity of bacterial cells. in s. aureus (one atcc25923+four clinical isolates) hydrophobicity before and after incubation with subinhibitory concentrations (sub-mics) of brodimoprim (bmp), a dimethyoxypyrimidine recently entered clinical practice, was measure ...	1995	8868063
expression of adhesion molecules on human granulocytes after stimulation with helicobacter pylori membrane proteins: comparison with membrane proteins from other bacteria.	type b gastritis in its active form is characterized by a dense infiltration of the lamina propria with granulocytes. since the bacterium helicobacter pylori does not invade the epithelial barrier, a signaling pathway chemoattractive for granulocytes must exist across this mucosal boarder. one possible mechanism tested was whether granulocytes are directly activated by water-soluble membrane proteins (wsp) from h. pylori. these findings were compared with the effects of wsp from other bacteria ( ...	1995	7540595
evaluation of a method for measurement of intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus in human neutrophil granulocytes.	a modified method for measurement of intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus in human neutrophil granulocytes is described. after phagocytosis of s. aureus the extracellular bacteria were sufficiently removed by repeated centrifugations and washings of the granulocytes. the optimal conditions for incubation of granulocytes for measurement of intracellular killing were found to be 37 degrees c in the presence of 5% co2. under these conditions, stable ph, the viability and the capacity of t ...	1995	7546649
new thrombolytic agents and strategies.	despite their widespread use in patients with acute myocardial infarction, all currently available thrombolytic agents suffer from a number of significant limitations, including resistance to reperfusion, the occurrence of acute coronary reocclusion, and bleeding complications. several lines of research towards improvement of thrombolytic therapy are being explored, including strategies to enhance the fibrinolytic potency of plasminogen activators and to improve conjunctive antiplatelet or antit ...	1995	7549072
immunotherapy of human colon cancer by antibody-targeted superantigens.	t lymphocytes generally fail to recognize human colon carcinomas, suggesting that the tumour is beyond reach of immunotherapy. bacterial superantigens are the most potent known activators of human t lymphocytes and induce t cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. in order to develop a t-cell-based therapy for colon cancer, the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) was given tumour reactivity by genetic fusion with a fab fragment of the monoclonal antibody c242 reacting with human co ...	1995	7553685
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.	staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (ssss) is a recognised clinical entity that affects primarily the very young and, in rare cases, the very old or the immunocompromised. koch's postulates have been fulfilled in that: (i) staphylococcus aureus is isolated from every case; (ii) s. aureus can reproduce the syndrome in an experimental animal model; (iii) a specific extracellular toxin can reproduce the syndrome; and (iv) antibody to the toxin can protect experimental animals. although exfoliative ...	1995	7562995
[penetration of ceftriaxone (1 or 2 gr intravenous) into mediastinal and cardiac tissues in man].	ceftriaxone penetration into heart tissues (valves, myocardium, auricles and pericardium) and mediastinal tissues (fat and sternal bone) was evaluated after two regimens of ceftriaxone administration. ten patients were given 1,000 g intravenously of ceftriaxone 30 min. before anesthesia. ten other patients received the same dose and then a second 1,000 mg dose at the time of initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. similar and very satisfactory ceftriaxone tissue penetrations were observed in both ...	1995	7567130
thrombolytic agents in development.	the quest continues for thrombolytic agents with a higher thrombolytic potency, specific thrombolytic activity and/or a better fibrin selectivity. several lines of research towards improvement of thrombolytic agents are being explored, including the construction of mutants and variants of plasminogen activators (pas), chimaeric pas, conjugates of pas with monoclonal antibodies, and pas from animal or bacterial origin. some of these new thrombolytic agents have shown promise in animal models of v ...	1995	7588087
inhibition of expression of cyclin a in human b cells by an immunosuppressant mizoribine.	mizoribine has been used to prevent rejection of organ allografts in humans and in animal models. recent clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis, in which abnormalities of b cell functions are also involved. we therefore examined the effects of mizoribine on the in vitro function of human b cells. igm production was induced from highly purified b cells obtained from healthy donors by stimulation with staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sa) plus il-2. ...	1995	7594527
[successful treatment of an infected pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta with omental transfer--a case report].	the formation of pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon complication of after coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg). we report a 66-year-old man in whom an anastomotic pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta derived from mediastinitis after repeat cabg. at operation, the pseudoaneurysm was revealed to be involved in the proximal anastomotic site of a saphenous vein graft to the rca. the aneurysm was resected and the defect was repaired with woven dacron patch under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. in ...	1995	7594853
expression and biological activities of bovine interleukin 4: effects of recombinant bovine interleukin 4 on t cell proliferation and b cell differentiation and proliferation in vitro.	interleukin 4 (il-4) is a pleotropic cytokine affecting a wide range of cell types in both the mouse and the human. these activities include regulation of the growth and differentiation of both t and b lymphocytes. the activities of il-4 in nonprimate, nonmurine systems are not well established. herein, we demonstrate in the bovine system that il-4 upregulates production of igm, igg1, and ige in the presence of a variety of costimulators including anti-igm, staphylococcus aureus cowan strain i, ...	1995	7606798
role of protein kinase c isozymes in fc gamma receptor-mediated intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes.	intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes after cross-linking fc gamma r is known to be a phospholipase c (plc)-dependent process. activation of plc leads to the formation of second messengers that synergistically activate protein kinase c (pkc). the aim of this study was to obtain more insight into the role of pkc in fc gamma r-mediated killing process. pkc inhibitors h-7 and staurosporine markedly suppressed the killing of s. aureus by monocytes stimulated by cross-link ...	1995	7608554
essential binding of lukf of staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin followed by the binding of h gamma ii for the hemolysis of human erythrocytes.	staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin consists of two protein components, lukf and h gamma ii. this report clarifies the order of binding of the two components to human erythrocytes for the hemolytic activity of the toxin. the initial binding of lukf to the human erythrocytes is essential for the subsequent binding of h gamma ii to the same cells, with the formation of a heat-undissociable protein of about 100 kda containing lukf and h gamma ii.	1995	7613012
the absence of evidence of staphylococcal toxin involvement in the pathogenesis of kawasaki disease.	to detect a causative superantigen and to clarify a possible role for staphylococci in kawasaki disease (kd), culture supernatants of individual bacterial isolates from 11 acute-stage patients were studied. toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) and antibody to tsst-1 and enterotoxins a (sea), b (seb), and c (sec) in acute (mean, day 7) and late convalescent (mean, month 15) sera from 26 patients (12 with coronary artery aneurysms) and 22 age-matched controls were measured. only 1 of 60 supernata ...	1995	7622905
salmonella pyomyositis in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus.	pyomyositis is a common disease in the tropics, mostly due to staphylococcus aureus. we report two patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who presented with fever and unilateral limb swelling and in whom pyomyositis was diagnosed in quadriceps and gluteus major, respectively. salmonella enteritidis was isolated in both, with recurrent episodes of muscle involvement and secondary osteomyelitis in one case. non-typhi salmonella pyomyositis may occur in hiv + patients with a ...	1995	7633800
differential human t cell-dependent b cell differentiation induced by staphylococcal superantigens (sag). regulatory role for sag-dependent b cell cytolysis.	microbial superantigens (sag), by virtue of their binding to tcr v beta elements and to class ii mhc molecules on accessory cells, trigger t cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. in contrast, sag-induced t cell-dependent b cell differentiation occurs only at sag concentrations that are orders of magnitude lower that those required for optimal mitogenesis (low-dose sag). at optimal mitogenic doses (high-dose sag), sag-driven b cell differentiation does not ensue. in this report, we demo ...	1995	7636237
presence of hsp65 in bacterial extracts (om-89): a possible mediator of orally-induced tolerance?	heat shock proteins (hsp) have been implicated in rodent models of autoimmunity, particularly arthritis, and there is suggestive though inconclusive evidence that they may also play a role in human autoimmune disease. the simplest hypothesis is based on molecular mimicry due to the amino-acid sequence homology between mammalian and microbial hsp. recently om-89, an extract of several strains of escherichia coli, has shown some efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) when taken ora ...	1995	7649235
b cell differentiation factor-induced human b cell maturation: stimulation of intracellular calcium release.	we have recently identified a novel human b cell differentiation factor, 446-bcdf, derived from anti-cd3-stimulated peripheral blood (pb) t cells. this novel cytokine, which may act through a pertussis toxin-sensitive gi-linked receptor, induces a 5- to 100-fold increase in immunoglobulin (ig) secretion by sac (0.001%, v/v)-activated pb b cells. coculture of b cells with 446-bcdf induces a decrease in intracellular camp which is necessary but not sufficient to drive terminal b cell differentiati ...	1995	7656331
detection of bacterial pyrogens on the basis of their effects on gamma interferon-mediated formation of neopterin or nitrite in cultured monocyte cell lines.	in a number of mammalian cell types, pteridine biosynthesis from guanosine 5'-triphosphate and formation of nitric oxide from l-arginine are induced by gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). we assessed the possibility of using such metabolic alterations for the in vitro detection of pyrogens. products from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and related synthetic compounds were tested for their potential to induce either of these pathways. stimulation of pteri ...	1995	7664177
interactions of staphylokinase with human platelets.	the interactions of recombinant staphylokinase (sakstar) with human platelets were investigated in a buffer milieu, in a human plasma milieu in vitro, and in plasma from patients with acute myocardial infarction (ami) treated with sakstar. in a buffer milieu, the activation rate of plasminogen by sakstar or streptokinase (sk) was not significantly altered by addition of platelets. specific binding of sakstar or sk to either resting or thrombin-activated platelets was very low. adp-induced or col ...	1995	7667831
purification to homogeneity of a novel human b cell differentiation factor.	by immunization with a partially purified form of a novel human b cell differentiation factor, 446-bcdf, we generated a series of mabs that inhibit the functional activity of this cytokine (induction of ig secretion by staphylococcus aureus cowan i strain organisms-activated b cells). two mabs, 929 and 204, were shown to be specific for 446-bcdf in that they failed to inhibit b cell differentiation in response to other known cytokines (il-2, il-6) or mitogens (pwm). more importantly, passage of ...	1995	7673706
[combination therapy with arbekacin and fosfomycin against postoperative severe mixed-pneumonia of mrsa in primary lung cancer patients].	we experienced successful treatment of postoperative severe pneumonia of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) with combination therapy of arbekacin (abk) and fosfomycin (fom) in three lung cancer patients. case 1 was a advanced age of seventy-nine man who had had right upper lobectomy. case 2 was a 61-year-old man who had had left lower lobectomy and extended bilateral mediastinal lymph-node dissection through the median sternotomy. and case 3 was a 59-year-old man who had suffered ...	1995	7474582
cd27-cd70 interactions regulate b-cell activation by t cells.	cd27, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor family, binds to its ligand cd70, a member of the tnf family, and subsequently induces t-cell costimulation and b-cell activation. cd27 is expressed on resting t and b cells, whereas cd70 is expressed on activated t and b cells. utilizing transfected murine pre-b-cell lines expressing human cd27 or cd70, we have examined the effect of such transfectant cells on human b-cell igg production and b-cell proliferation. we show that the additi ...	1995	7479974
unconventional b-cell antigens and human immune repertoires.		1995	7486544
bactericidal killing activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against staphylococcus aureus and beta-lactamase-producing strains of enterobacter aerogenes and klebsiella pneumoniae in an in vitro infection model.	cefepime (cp) is a new injectable cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity and stability against common chromosomally and plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. the bactericidal activities of cp, ceftazidime (cz), cefotaxime (ctx), and ceftriaxone (cax) against reference and clinical strains of staphylococcus aureus, an isogenic pair of enterobacter aerogenes strains (wild type and a cz-resistant derepressed mutant), and a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate possessing a tem-10 beta-lactamase were i ...	1995	7486916
the effect of zinc on bacterial phagocytosis, killing and cytoprotection in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	an in vitro study examining the effects of zinc treatment on human pmn cell phagocytosis and killing of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis and the cytoprotection of zinc against staphylococcal toxins. phagocytosis was studied by transmission electron microscopy using different microbiological techniques, one of which was designed to follow the kinetics of bacterial killing. no effect was found on phagocytosis and bacterial killing. the cytotoxic effects of a crude toxin and an ...	1995	7488384
enhancement of specific immunoglobulin production in scid-hu-pbl mice after in vitro priming of human b cells with superantigen.	priming of human mature b cells in vitro with staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) prior to transplantation of the b cells into severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice, together with human t-helper cells, resulted in higher and more uniform concentrations of serum igg in the mice. this indicated that a large number of b cells had become activated, which was supported by the finding that sea priming resulted in production of immunoglobulin displaying a more normal kappa/lambda ratio than was o ...	1995	7490122
inhibition of activation of human t lymphocytes by the complement c1 esterase inhibitor.	the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules have been shown to be substrates to both of the complement c1 esterases. the effect of a c1 esterase-mediated cleavage of the mhc class i molecules on the activation process of lymphocytes was investigated by including the complement c1 esterase inhibitor (c1-inh) in the medium during activation of human peripheral lymphocytes by staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea). the c1-inh was shown to inhibit the activation of both cd4+ and cd8+ ce ...	1995	7490133
corynebacterium seminale sp. nov., a new species associated with genital infections in male patients.	we studied 12 coryneform isolates having similar biochemical profiles which did not permit their assignment to any recognized taxa. human semen was the source for seven of these strains, whereas the other strains were isolated from urethra, urine, and blood specimens of adult male patients. these bacteria were found in significant quantities (10(4) to 10(5) cfu/ml) in semen specimens from infertile male patients with the diagnosis of prostatitis. these strains had characteristics of the genus co ...	1995	7494009
contribution of phagocytic cells and bacteria to the accumulation of technetium-99m labelled polyclonal human immunoglobulin at sites of inflammation.	the purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of phagocytic cells and bacteria to the accumulation of technetium-99m labelled polyclonal human immunoglobulin (hig) at sites of inflammation. mice were intraperitoneally injected with staphylococcus aureus (sa animals), with heat-inactivated newborn calf serum (nbcs, to mimic a non-bacterial inflammation) or with physiological saline (controls); 1 h thereafter they received hig. at various intervals after the administration of hig the mi ...	1995	7498225
collagen-like complement component c1q is a membrane protein of human monocyte-derived macrophages that mediates endocytosis.	the collagen-like c1q molecule, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, c1, is synthesized by macrophages (m phi). previously, we have demonstrated that c1q is a membrane protein of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages (m phi). to extend this observation as a general biologic characteristic of m phi, we investigated human (hu) monocyte-derived m phi. interestingly, surface labeling with the biotin derivative sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)-hexanoate of m phi, freshly isolated monocyt ...	1995	7499868
reconstituted high-density lipoprotein neutralizes gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides in human whole blood.	we have tested hypotheses relating lipoprotein structure to function as measured by the relative ability to neutralize endotoxin by comparing natural human lipoproteins, a chemically defined form of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (r-hdl), and a lipid emulsion (intralipid). the human whole-blood system was used as an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (lps) binding protein and cd14-dependent activation of cytokine production. when lipoproteins were compared on the basis of protein conte ...	1995	7528733
purification and characterization of two potent heat-stable protein inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2a from bovine kidney.	two heat-stable protein inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a), tentatively designated i1pp2a and i2pp2a, have been purified to apparent homogeneity from extracts of bovine kidney. the purified preparations of i1pp2a exhibited an apparent m(r) approximately 30,000 and 250,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel permeation chromatography on sephacryl s-300, respectively. in contrast, the purified preparations of i2pp2a exhibited an apparent m(r) ...	1995	7531497
the role of il-10 in human b cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation.	recent studies have disclosed variable effects of il-10 on viabilities of human b lineage cells. thus, il-10 has been shown to prevent apoptosis of germinal center b cells, whereas il-10 has been found to induce apoptosis of b-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, suggesting the possibility that the effects of il-10 might be different depending on the state of activation of b cells. the current studies therefore examined in detail the regulation of the survival of human peripheral blood b cells by ...	1995	7722292
internalization of staphylococcus aureus by endothelial cells induces cytokine gene expression.	the ability of the vascular endothelium to elaborate cytokines in response to gram-positive sepsis has received limited attention. this study examined cytokine expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ec) following infection with a gram-positive bacterial pathogen, staphylococcus aureus. s. aureus infection of ec resulted in the production of interleukin-6 (il-6) and il-1 beta. for il-6, message was detected at 3 h after infection, protein was present at 24 h, and both message and p ...	1995	7729892
capsular polysaccharide types 5 and 8 of staphylococcus aureus bind specifically to human epithelial (kb) cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes and induce release of cytokines.	in order to examine the possible implication of capsular polysaccharide (cp) types 5 and 8 (cp5 and cp8) from staphylococcus aureus in the pathological mechanism associated with staphylococcal infections, we tested the immunomodulatory effects of cp5 and cp8 on human epithelial kb cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes. using biotinylated cp5 and cp8, we provide evidence that both cps bind to kb cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes in a dose- and calcium-dependent manner through specific int ...	1995	7890398
degradation of humoral host defense by candida albicans proteinase.	the effect of an extracellular proteinase from the pathogenic yeast candida albicans on the bactericidal and opsonizing activities of human serum was studied. the ability of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to kill staphylococcus aureus was greatly reduced when the bacteria were opsonized with human serum treated with the proteinase. the reduction in the opsonizing activity of human serum was attributed to degradation of the fc portion of immunoglobulin g by the action of c. albicans proteinas ...	1995	7868271
repair of immunoglobulin response in b cell line (jk32.1) originating from immunodeficient patient via implantation of functional plasma membranes.	human-human b cell hybridoma jk32.1, constructed from b lymphocytes of a common variable immunodeficient patient and nonsecreting cell line, retains the defects of b cell immunodeficiency. efforts to clarify whether the defect is located within the plasma membranes of this cell line were carried out by implanting them with plasma membrane fraction derived from normal functional cells via intact non-infectious sendai virus. the implanted cells were activated with various mitogens and their ig res ...	1995	7828369
stimulatory and inhibitory effects of interleukin (il)-4 and il-13 on the production of cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: priming for il-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.	the production of cytokines in monocytes/macrophages is regulated by several different cytokines that have activating or inhibitory effects. interleukin (il)-10, il-4, il-13, and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta are usually considered to be the most important macrophage-deactivating factors, with inhibitory effects on cytokine production. unlike il-10 and tgf-beta, which appear to act as downmodulators of many phagocytic cell functions, the mode of action of il-4 and il-13 is more complex. ...	1995	7836910
retention of phagocytic functions in cryopreserved human monocytes.	phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity were measured by flow cytometry in fresh and cryopreserved human monocytes, after ingestion of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. mononuclear leukocytes, isolated from 15 healthy donors, were divided into two portions, of which one was examined immediately and the other was cryopreserved for 3 weeks. morphological characteristics and expression of receptors involved in phagocytosis were similar in fresh and cryopreserved monocytes. furthermore ...	1995	7852837
[organ culture preservation of the human cornea at +31 degrees c and risk of infection].	in order to reduce the risk of infection, we analyzed each stage of conservation of human cornea in organ culture at +31 degrees c.	1995	7738301
pathogenicity of the streptococcus milleri group in pulmonary infections--effect on phagocytic killing by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.	the pathogenicity of streptococcus constellatus in pulmonary infections was investigated in mice in correlation with the phagocytic killing of the microorganisms by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns). the histological inflammation score of the lungs in mice inoculated intratracheally with 10(8) cfu/mouse of the virulent strain s. constellatus rzyk001 obtained from bronchoalveolar fluid of a patient with pneumonia, was significantly higher than in mice inoculated with the avirulent strain ...	1995	7745309
immunomodulatory effects of extracellular secretory vesicles isolated from bovine semen.	we demonstrate that extracellular secretory vesicles isolated from bovine seminal plasma have immunomodulatory properties. they inhibit mitogen induced proliferation of bovine and human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a dose dependent fashion. they also inhibit phagocytosis of latex particles by bovine neutrophils. phagocytosis of opsonised staphylococcus aureus however was not affected. furthermore phorbol ester and chemotactic peptide induced superoxide production was decreased especially when ...	1995	7747404
development and characterization of a new model of hematogenous osteomyelitis in the rat.	hematogenous osteomyelitis was produced in the tibia or the mandible of rats by drilling a hole into the bone, injecting sodium morrhuate, and inoculating staphylococcus aureus phillips into the femoral vein. animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks and examined. the infection was characterized grossly and radiographically by bone deformation, histopathologically by a characteristic suppurative reaction, and microbiologically by the recovery of s. aureus phillips from the infected tissue. these fin ...	1995	7751698
probing the structure of human growth hormone by limited proteolysis.	digestion of human growth hormone (hgh) with the glu-specific protease from staphylococcus aureus v8 was performed at 20-22 degrees c or 37 degrees c at a 1:20 ratio (by weight) at ph 7.8 with or without 0.2% sds. there are 14 glu-residues evenly distributed along the polypeptide chain of hgh as possible sites of proteolytic cleavage of v8-protease. the pattern of fragmentation of hgh was analyzed by electrophoresis and reversed-phase hplc, and the identity of the proteolytic fragments isolated ...	1995	7782169
antimicrobial drug resistance in staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle in brazil.	isolates of staphylococcus aureus obtained from apparently healthy cattle in the state of paraiba, brazil were characterized in relation to resistance to 21 antimicrobial agents. among the 46 isolates obtained, resistance to penicillin was most frequent, followed by resistance to cadmium, streptomycin, arsenate, tetracycline, mercury, erythromycin and kanamycin/neomycin. all isolates were susceptible to fusidic acid, ethidium bromide, cetrimide, chloramphenicol, benzalkonium chloride, doxycyclin ...	1995	7786507
role of yops in inhibition of phagocytosis and killing of opsonized yersinia enterocolitica by human granulocytes.	the virulence plasmid of yersinia enterocolitica codes for the production of the outer membrane protein yada and the secretion of several proteins, called yops, which may play a role in the interaction between granulocytes and this bacterium. we investigated whether the expression of yada or the secretion of yops affected the phagocytosis and killing of opsonized y. enterocolitica by human granulocytes. the rates of phagocytosis and killing of y. enterocolitica by granulocytes in suspension in t ...	1995	7790071
staphylococcus aureus but not staphylococcus epidermidis can acquire iron from transferrin.	staphylococci grow and cause infection under the iron-restricted conditions found in vivo. they therefore must possess mechanisms to obtain iron for metabolism from this environment. to determine if staphylococci can extract iron bound to human transferrin, we labelled transferrin with 55fe and performed uptake assays on cells grown in iron-restricted and iron-plentiful conditions. growing cultures of staphylococcus aureus nctc 8532 could take up radioactive iron during mid- to late-exponential ...	1995	7894712
tumor necrosis factor production by human t-cells stimulated with bacterial superantigens.	tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production from t-cells stimulated with superantigenic exotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin b and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a was investigated in the presence of cells bearing distinct isotypes of hla class ii molecules. the main t-cell subset for tnf production was investigated in parallel. similarly high levels of tnf production were induced upon stimulation with the toxins in the presence of dr+ or dq+ cells, but only marginal levels of tnf production were ...	1995	8707449
cleavage of human immunoglobulins by proteinase from staphylococcus aureus.		1995	8526002
hemagglutination by staphylococcus aureus strains responsible for human bacteremia or bovine mastitis.	although hemagglutination by staphylococcus aureus has been associated with the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis, this trait has not been characterized with regard to human disease. in this study, the prevalence of hemagglutination in 100 strains of s. aureus responsible for bovine mastitis or human bacteremia, was characterized. under optimum conditions hemagglutination was noted in 23% of the bovine strains, but only 13% of human strains, leading us to conclude that this trait is not a signific ...	1995	8538576
stimulation of phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion by glycosphingolipids from sphingomonas paucimobilis.	sphingomonas paucimobilis, a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is actively phagocytosed by human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) in vitro. however, when live or killed cells were delipidated, the phagocytic rate was clearly decreased. therefore, we have investigated the physiological role of membrane lipids in phagocytic processes. s. paucimobilis type strain 2395 produces four classes of acidic glycosphingolipids (gl-1, gl-2, gl-3, and gl-4) with the common components of glucu ...	1995	8543558
role of lfa-1/icam-1-dependent cell adhesion in cd40-mediated inhibition of anti-igm antibody-induced b-cell death.	cross-linking of surface igm by anti-igm antibody caused activation-induced cell death of a surface igm+, igd+ human b lymphoma cell line, b104. the dying b104 cells did not show the morphology of apoptosis but did show that of necrosis. however, anti-igm antibody caused apoptosis of another surface igm+, igd+ human b lymphoma cell line, dnd-39. the influx of extracellular ca2+ was necessary for the cell deaths of b104 and dnd-39 caused by anti-igm antibody. their cell deaths were inhibited by c ...	1995	8543770
haemophilus influenzae release histamine and enhance histamine release from human bronchoalveolar cells. examination of patients with chronic bronchitis and controls.	haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae), streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) and branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis) are often found in the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic bronchitis. earlier studies have shown that bacteria induce mediator release from human basophils and parenchymal lung mast cells. in this study the capability of bacteria to trigger or potentiate histamine release from superficially located mast cells in the airway epithelium was studied in cell susp ...	1995	8546845
infection after an open supracondylar fracture above a total knee arthroplasty treated with the supracondylar nail.	a 72-year-old man with an open fracture above a total knee arthroplasty was treated with a supracondylar intramedullary nail. five months after internal fixation, the patient developed a staphylococcus aureus infection of the knee, which resolved after a 42-day course of iv antibiotics. after reimplantation with a posteriorly stabilized condylar total knee arthroplasty using femoral and tibial stems with vancomycin-impregnated cement, the patient has been pain-free and ambulatory at 8 months' fo ...	1995	17982818
survival of potentially pathogenic human-associated bacteria in the rhizosphere of hydroponically grown wheat.	plants may serve as reservoirs for human-associated bacteria (h-ab) in long-term space missions containing bioregenerative life support systems. the current study examined the abilities of five human-associated potential pathogens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and escherichia coli, to colonize and grow in the rhizosphere of hydroponically grown wheat, a candidate crop for life support. all of these bacteria have been recovered from pa ...	1996	11539850
topological disposition of tyrosine 486 in anion exchanger from human erythrocytes.	the location with respect to the plasma membrane of tyrosine 486 in the native anion exchanger of human erythrocytes has been determined by site-directed immunochemistry. intact erythrocytes and inside-out vesicles were [125i]radioiodinated by lactoperoxidase in the same vessel. after the erythrocytes and inside-out vesicles had been separated by differential centrifugation, the modified polypeptide of the anion exchanger was isolated from each sample and digested with the proteinase from staphy ...	1996	8547283
the potent anti-staphylococcus aureus activity of a sterile rabbit inflammatory fluid is due to a 14-kd phospholipase a2.	the cell-free fluid (ascitic fluid, af) of a sterile inflammatory peritoneal exudate elicited in rabbits is potently bactericidal for complement-resistant gram-negative as well as gram-positive bacterial species. this activity is absent in plasma. we now show that essentially all activity in af against staphylococcus aureus is attributable to a group ii 14-kd phospholipase a2 (pla2), previously purified from af in this laboratory. antistaphylococcal activity of purified pla2 and of whole af cont ...	1996	8550843
effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors on normal immune capabilities and their interactions with staphylococcal pathogenicity.	the effects of the beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam on normal immune responses were investigated. these agents did not interfere with either humoral or cell-mediated immune responses as measured by the hemolytic plaque assay and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction assay respectively. in addition, human polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytic activity was not altered by these agents. when these agents were tested for their effect on staphylococcus aureas adhe ...	1996	8708740
peritoneoscopic placement of swan neck peritoneal dialysis catheters.	peritoneoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters, although accomplished in only about 10% of dialysis centers, is a nonsurgical technique that fulfills requirements for safety and dependability. over a 40-month period, 136 catheters were placed with the peritoneoscope, 135 of which were double-cuffed, swan neck curled catheters, with a uniform radiopaque stripe. patients were followed longitudinally for outcome. catheters were placed in 44 diabetic patients, 1 human immunodeficiency vi ...	1996	8728218
bacterial growth in saline implants: in vitro and in vivo studies.	the survival of bacteria was evaluated in custom-made saline breast implants with integral injection ports in vitro and in 10 new zealand white rabbits for staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens. pseudomonas and serratia survived in vitro in saline-filled implants and multiplied 24-fold and 22-fold, respectively, from the initial inocula of 300 colony-forming units per cubic centimeter in 21 days. serratia alone survived in saline impla ...	1996	8728573
biocompatibility of bicarbonate buffered peritoneal dialysis fluids: influence on mesothelial cell and neutrophil function.	the present study compares the effects of lactate and bicarbonate buffered pdf on human neutrophil (pmn) and human peritoneal mesothelial cell (hpmc) viability and function. acute exposure of pmn to lactate buffered pdf at ph 5.5 (capd 2, 1.5% and capd 3, 4.25% glucose) resulted in significant reductions in cellular atp levels, the phagocytosis of serum treated zymosan (stz) and respiratory burst activation (cl). exposure of pmn to bicarbonate buffered pdf (bic 20, 1.5% glucose and bic 30, 4.25% ...	1996	8731113
the epidemiology of dermatologic and venereologic disease in a deployed operational setting.	we studied the epidemiology, morbidity, and etiology of dermatologic and non-human immunodeficiency virus venereologic disease (derm/std) aboard a deployed aircraft carrier to revise derm/std training objectives for shipboard primary care providers. onboard supplies for treatment of derm/std were also evaluated. over 3 months, 929 derm/std patients were treated for 1,320 diagnoses generating 2,011 visits. derm/std caused 22% of the total morbidity. pyoderma alone accounted for nearly one-half of ...	1996	8754710
switching on of the proliferation or apoptosis of activated human t lymphocytes by ifn-gamma is correlated with the differential expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of its receptor.	to find out how physiologically secreted ifn-gamma controls either the proliferation or the apoptosis of human t lymphocytes, the kinetics of expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of its receptor (ifn-gamma r) were sequentially followed on t lymphocytes first activated with pha and then cultured in the presence of il-2, and related to the kinetics of expression of fas, bcl-2, and il-2r p55 chain. both ifn-gamma r chains were poorly expressed on the membrane of resting t lymphocytes. following ...	1996	8757312
mitogenic activities of amino acid substitution mutants of staphylococcal enterotoxin b in human and mouse lymphocyte cultures.	site-directed mutagenesis has been used to introduce amino acid substitutions at specific residues of the staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) gene cloned from staphylococcus aureus 10-275. the mitogenic activities of these derivatives were determined in two assay systems: (i) mouse spleen cells and (ii) a mixture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. substitution of either his-12, his-32, his-121, his-166, lys-152, or gly-205 did not significantly alter the mitogenic activi ...	1996	8757827
ingestion of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and escherichia coli by human peritoneal mesothelial cells.	in the present study we examined whether mesothelial cells can ingest and digest bacteria. the results showed that all strains were ingested. ingested staphylococci proliferated abundantly, and only a few were digested. escherichia coli, however, was digested during the first 8 h, whereafter the mesothelial cells disintegrated and proliferation of bacteria could be observed. the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.	1996	8757887
tumor necrosis factor primes neutrophils to kill staphylococcus aureus by an oxygen-dependent mechanism and plasmodium falciparum by an oxygen-independent mechanism.	the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (tnf) plays the important role of priming neutrophils for increased antimicrobial activity. we now demonstrate that human neutrophils which lack the ability to generate oxygen radicals, from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, show tnf-induced enhancement of killing of intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum but not of staphylococcus aureus.	1996	8757889
receptor-induced translocation of activated guanine-nucleotide-binding protein alpha i subunits to the cytoskeleton in myeloid differentiated human leukemia (hl-60) cells.	the regulation of the cytoskeletal localization of guanine-nucleotide-binding protein alpha i subunits by formyl peptide receptors was studied in myeloid differentiated human leukemia (hl-60) cells. stimulation of formyl peptide receptors with n-formyl-met-leu-phe (fmet-leu-phe) transiently increased the amount of alpha i subunits in the triton x-100-insoluble cytoskeleton. similar to the biphasic regulation of the actin content, fmet-leu-phe ( > or = 10 nm) rapidly increased the cytoskeletal al ...	1996	8774723
preventable disease in correctional facilities. desmoteric foodborne outbreaks in the united states, 1974-1991.	various disease outbreaks have been reported among prisoners. recent foodborne outbreaks in correctional facilities in georgia and delaware prompted us to review the epidemiological characteristics of such outbreaks reported in the united states.	1996	8790084
[purulent pericarditis].	purulent pericarditis is diagnosed when pus is drained from the pericardial space or when bacteria are cultured from the pericardial fluid. this rare disease is often diagnosed late, when severe hemodynamic compromise develops due to pericardial tamponade. it is usually a complication of pneumonia, especially if there is empyema as well, and often follows chest surgery or chest wall infections. it sometimes appears in patients with septicemia, especially when they are debilitated or immuno-compr ...	1996	8794638
bibw22 bs, potent multidrug resistance-reversing agent, binds directly to p-glycoprotein and accumulates in drug-resistant cells.	the expression of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) in tumor cells causes a multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype. p-gp has been shown to mediate the transport of structurally dissimilar drugs across the cell membrane in an energy-dependent manner. in this report, we show that bibw22 bs, a phenylpteridine analog, reverses the mdr phenotype of cem human lymphoma cells in a dose-dependent fashion. using a photoactive analog of bibw22 bs {[3h]azido-4-[n-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-ethanolamino]-2, 7-bis(cis-2,6- ...	1996	8794885
coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from two cases of toxic shock syndrome lack superantigenic activity, but induce cytokine production.	two strains of staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients with toxic shock symptoms have been reported to carry genes related to s. aureus enterotoxins b and c by dot-blot hybridisation, although the corresponding superantigenic toxins were not detected immunologically. we here show that these strains produce no superantigens capable of stimulating proliferation of human mononuclear leukocytes or rabbit splenocytes, and that no dna homologous to the seb or sec genes can be detected by pcr ...	1996	8821402
candida albicans: is it associated with nipple pain in lactating women?	persistent nipple pain in lactating women, burning in nature, and associated with radiating breast pain, has been claimed by some authorities to be due to 'thrush' (candida) infection. yet, scientific proof has been lacking. this study compared microbiological assessment of 61 women with nipple pain, 64 women without nipple pain, and 31 non-lactating women. swabs of the nipple and baby's mouth, and expressed breast milk were collected for culture. growth of candida albicans (nipple and milk) was ...	1996	8821881
superantigens and experimental sle induced by idiotypic dysregulation.	the effects of the superantigens (sags) staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) and mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen (mam) were examined on the induction and on the course of experimental sle-like disease.	1996	8871833
interleukin-8 (il-8) is a major neutrophil chemotaxin from human alveolar macrophages stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea).	since staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, and infection of the lungs is characterized by neutrophil infiltration we studied the role of a staphylococcal toxin, enterotoxin a (sea) on the synthesis and secretion of il-8 by human alveolar macrophages. as sea concentration was increased, the il-8 accumulation in the macrophage conditioned medium increased. the concentration of mrna encoding il-8 was also elevated in the macrophage in response to increases in sea concentration. alt ...	1996	8872511
reaction of human hemoglobin toward the alkylating agent s-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione.	in order to investigate if hemoglobin might serve as a biomarker of exposure for 1,2-dichloroethane (dce) encountered in the workplace, human hemoglobin was alkylated at physiologic ph by the episulfonium ion of s-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione (ceg). in vitro alkylation resulted in three alkylation products on the alpha chain and at least two alkylation products on the beta chain as determined directly by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry. to ascertain if the site of alk ...	1996	8874532
antibacterial activity of antileukoprotease.	antileukoprotease (alp), or secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor, is an endogenous inhibitor of serine proteinases that is present in various external secretions. alp, one of the major inhibitors of serine proteinases present in the human lung, is a potent reversible inhibitor of elastase and, to a lesser extent, of cathepsin g. in equine neutrophils, an antimicrobial polypeptide that has some of the characteristics of alp has been identified (m. a. couto, s. s. l. harwig, j. s. cullor, j. p ...	1996	8890201
bactericidal activity of a synthetic peptide (cg 117-136) of human lysosomal cathepsin g is dependent on arginine content.	the importance of individual amino acids in mediating the broad-spectrum bactericidal action of a 20-mer amphipathic, cationic peptide (cg 117-136) of human lysosomal cathepsin g was determined by using a single amino acid replacement strategy. this strategy revealed an important role for arginine because loss of any of the four arginine residues in cg 117-136 due to substitution with alanine, citrulline, or lysine residues resulted in a reduction of its bactericidal activity against both pseudo ...	1996	8890249
the 1.8 a crystal structure of human cathepsin g in complex with suc-val-pro-phep-(oph)2: a janus-faced proteinase with two opposite specificities.	the crystal structure of human neutrophil cathepsin g, complexed with the peptidyl phosphonate inhibitor suc-val-pro-phep-(oph)2, has been determined to a resolution of 1.8 a using patterson search techniques. the cathepsin g structure shows the polypeptide fold characteristic of trypsin-like serine proteinases and is especially similar to rat mast cell proteinase ii. unique to cathepsin g, however, is the presence of glu226 (chymotrypsinogen numbering), which is situated at the bottom of the s1 ...	1996	8896442
the combined effects of plasma and hydrogel coating on adhesion of staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus to polyurethane catheters.	the adhesion of three staphylococcus epidermidis and three s aureus clinical isolates, to uncoated and hydrogel-coated polyurethane catheters was tested, following pretreatment of catheters with human plasma. plasma significantly decreased the adhesion of s. epidermidis strains to uncoated polyurethane catheters, but had no significant effect on the adhesion to hydrogel-coated catheters. the influence of plasma on adhesion of s. aureus strains to catheters was strain dependent. plasma significan ...	1996	8900069
inhibition of human b cell activation by gold compounds.	the mechanism of action of gold compounds, which are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), has not been clearly identified. although one of the characteristic features of ra is chronic stimulation of b cells, the effects of gold compounds on b cells have not been precisely assessed. we therefore examined the effects of gold sodium thiomalate (gst) on human b cells. igm production was induced from highly purified b cells obtained from healthy donors by stimulation with staphylo ...	1996	8906749