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characterization and antigenicity of recombinant campylobacter jejuni flagellar capping protein flid.campylobacter jejuni, a flagellated, spiral-rod, gram-negative bacterium, is the leading pathogen of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and chickens are regarded as a major reservoir of this micro-organism. bacterial flagella, composed of more than 35 proteins, play important roles in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken caeca. in this study, the flagellar capping protein, flid, encoded by the flid gene, from the campylobacter jenuni d1-39 isolate was express ...201424445509
double-locus sequence typing using pora and peb1a for epidemiological studies of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. bacterial typing schemes play an important role in epidemiological investigations to trace the source and route of transmission of the infectious agent by identifying outbreak and differentiating among sporadic infections. in this study, a double-locus sequence typing (dlst) scheme for c. jejuni based on concatenated partial sequences of pora and peb1a genes is proposed. the dlst scheme was validated usin ...201424404778
screening of genes expressed in vivo during interaction between chicken and campylobacter jejuni.chicken are considered as the most important source of human infection by campylobacter jejuni, which primarily arises from contaminated poultry meats. however, the genes expressed in vivo of the interaction between chicken and c. jejuni have not been screened. in this regard, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) was applied to identify expressed genes in vivo during interaction between chicken and c. jejuni, a prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide. chicken sera were obtained by inoculati ...201424225374
molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni human and chicken isolates from two health units.a study was conducted over a 2-year period in the perth district and wellington-dufferin-guelph health units in ontario, with an objective of using comparative genomic fingerprinting (cgf) with a 40-gene assay (cgf40) to investigate the association between human cases of campylobacteriosis and spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates from retail chicken. cgf results were available for isolates from 115 human cases and 718 retail chicken samples. these data were combined with cgf r ...201424219173
evaluation of passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder against intestinal colonization of campylobacter jejuni in chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in human. chickens are the reservoir host of c. jejuni, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of human infection. therefore, control of c. jejuni in chickens can have direct effect on human health. in this study we tested the passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of the chicken egg-yolk-derived antibodies, in the form of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder (heyp), against 7 colonization-associated proteins of c ...201425214556
detection of salmonella spp. by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method targeting bcfd gene.in this study, we developed and validated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for salmonella detection targeting bcfd gene, a conserved fimbrial operon gene existing in salmonella. the salmonella lamp assay we developed successfully amplified 44 salmonella strains (14 standard strains and 30 clinical isolates), but none of 9 non-salmonella standard strains (proteus mirabilis, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, k ...201425199410
[identification and molecular subtyping of campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken carcass].to characterize and investigate the molecular types of campylobacter jejuni isolated from slaughter chicken carcass, which would provide scientific data for campylobacter food poisoning traceability.201425199290
a spot polymorphism correlates with chill stress survival and is prevalent in clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni.resistance of campylobacter jejuni to environmental stress is regarded as a risk factor for the transmission of c. jejuni from poultry or poultry products to humans. so far, the mechanisms underlying the capacity of c. jejuni to survive environmental stress conditions are not fully understood. in this study, we searched for polymorphisms in c. jejuni genes, potentially involved in resistance to chill stress. to this end, we assessed 3 groups of c. jejuni isolates (clinical, retail chicken meat, ...201425172931
antimicrobial efficacy of lauric arginate against campylobacter jejuni and spoilage organisms on chicken breast fillets.the objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of lauric arginate (lae) against campylobacter jejuni (in broth and on chicken breast fillets) and spoilage microorganisms (on chicken breast fillets). in vitro antimicrobial activity of lae was determined by treating c. jejuni (in pure culture) with 0 (control), 50, 100, and 200 mg/l of lae solutions at 4°c for 2 h. inoculated chicken samples with c. jejuni were treated with 0, 200, and 400 mg/kg of lae, packaged, and sto ...201425104765
inhibition of campylobacter jejuni on fresh chicken breasts by κ-carrageenan/chitosan-based coatings containing allyl isothiocyanate or deodorized oriental mustard extract.campylobacter species are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastroenteritis worldwide. the objectives of this study were to determine the minimum inhibitory (mic) and minimum bactericidal (mbc) concentrations of allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) against 4 campylobacter jejuni strains in mueller-hinton (mh) broth at 4, 21, 37 and 42°c and to screen the c. jejuni strains for their ability to degrade sinigrin (which forms aitc) in ph7.0 mh broth at 35°c for 21d. also evaluated was the anti ...201425058687
effects of feeding plant-derived agents on the colonization of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.the aim of this work was to test the potential use of plant-derived extracts and compounds to control campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. over a 7-wk feeding period, birds were fed a commercial diet with or without plant extracts (acacia decurrens, eremophila glabra), essential oil [lemon myrtle oil (lmo)], plant secondary compounds [terpinene-4-ol and α-tops (including α-terpineol, cineole, and terpinene-4-ol)], and the antibiotic virginiamycin. traditional culture and real-time quantitat ...201425002548
intestinal carriage and excretion of campylobacter jejuni in chickens exposed at different ages.campylobacter jejuni is usually recovered from chickens in commercial broiler farms after 2 to 3 weeks of age. this study was conducted to clarify whether fecal excretion is associated with the age of exposure to this bacterium. day-of-hatch broiler chickens were separated from a flock in a local commercial farm, kept in isolation rooms, and esophageally inoculated with c. jejuni (5.5 × 10(7) to 5.4 × 10(8) cfu) at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. the remaining chicks were placed on the far ...201424988026
comparative population structure analysis of campylobacter jejuni from human and poultry origin in bangladesh.campylobacter jejuni is the most important cause of antecedent infections leading to guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs). the objective of the present study was to define the genetic diversity, population structure, and potential role of poultry in the transmission of campylobacter to humans in bangladesh. we determined the population structure of c. jejuni isolated from poultry (n = 66) and patients with enteritis (n = 39) or gbs (n = 10). lipooligosaccharide (los) ty ...201424962195
the effects of temperature and innate immunity on transmission of campylobacter jejuni (campylobacterales: campylobacteraceae) between life stages of musca domestica (diptera: muscidae).the house fly (musca domestica l.) is a well-established vector of human pathogens, including campylobacter spp., which can cause infection of broiler chicken flocks, and through contaminated broiler meat can cause outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in humans. we investigated whether campylobacter jejuni (jones) could be transferred between life stages of m. domestica (larvae-pupae-adults) and determined bacterial counts of c. jejuni at different time points after bacterial exposure. c. jejuni was ...201424897861
campylobacter jejuni influences the expression of nutrient transporter genes in the intestine of chickens.the gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier against pathogens. however, the interaction of campylobacter with intestinal epithelial cells and its effects on the intestinal function of chickens are poorly studied. therefore, the goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of c. jejuni oral infection on the mrna expression of nutrient transporters in the intestine. newly hatched specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were orally infected with c. jejuni (nctc 12744; 1 × 10( ...201424834798
campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains.multilocus sequence types (sts) were determined for 232 and 737 campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates from dutch travellers and domestically acquired cases, respectively. putative risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis, and for domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic sts (putatively carried by returning travellers), were investigated. travelling to asia, africa, latin america and the caribbean, and southern europe significantly increased the risk of acquiring campyloba ...201423962634
campylobacter infection in chickens modulates the intestinal epithelial barrier function.asymptomatic carriage of campylobacter jejuni is highly prevalent in chicken flocks. thus, we investigated whether chronic campylobacter carriage affects chicken intestinal functions despite the absence of clinical symptoms. an experiment was carried out in which commercial chickens were orally infected with c. jejuni (1 × 10(8) cfu/bird) at 14 days of life. changes in ion transport and barrier function were assessed by short-circuit current (i(sc)) and transepithelial ion conductance (g(t)) in ...201524553586
campylobacter jejuni pflb is required for motility and colonisation of the chicken gastrointestinal tract.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. although the mechanisms by which c. jejuni causes disease are not completely understood, the presence of functional flagella appears to be required for colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. therefore much attention has been given to understanding the synthesis and role of flagella in c. jejuni. in this study we report insights into the function of pflb that is essential for cam ...201526423554
distribution of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter strains isolated from poultry at a slaughterhouse and supermarkets in japan.fifty strains of campylobacter jejuni/coli were detected in 108 specimens of chicken meat and organs sampled at six supermarkets and one poultry slaughterhouse (large scale) between april and october 2013 (isolation rates: 84.8% from the slaughterhouse, 29.3% from the supermarkets). 46/50 strains were successfully recovered and subjected to the e-test to examine their susceptibility to three fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents authorized for use in poultry in japan: enrofloxacin (erfx), ofloxac ...201526412697
cell surface-associated aggregation-promoting factor from lactobacillus gasseri sbt2055 facilitates host colonization and competitive exclusion of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni, one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, is transmitted to humans through poultry. we previously reported that lactobacillus gasseri sbt2055 (lg2055) reduced c. jejuni infection in human epithelial cells in vitro and inhibited pathogen colonization of chickens in vivo. this suggested that the lg2055 adhesion and/or co-aggregation phenotype mediated by cell-surface aggregation-promoting factors (apfs) may be important for the competitive exclusion of c. je ...201526239091
messenger rna expression of chicken clock gene in the response to campylobacter jejuni inoculation.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. previous research has shown that circadian rhythm plays a critical role in host response to c. jejuni colonization. the clock gene is one of the core genes regulating circadian rhythms and shows significant expression on 7 d post-c. jejuni inoculation. the objective of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial expression of chicken clock gene post-c. jejuni inoculation. cecal and splenic rn ...201526223235
effects of high hydrostatic pressure on campylobacter jejuni in poultry meat.campylobacter jejuni inactivation by high pressure processing (hpp) in poultry meat (chicken breast) was investigated. the pressure was created by high hydrostatic pressure piston-cylinder food processor. contaminated with c. jejuni (108 cfu g-1) samples of ground poultry meat were hermetically sealed in a polyamide-polyethylene bags and exposed to hpp for 9 different combinations of pressure (200 mpa, 300 mpa and 400 mpa) and time (5 min, 10 min and 15 min). quantitative bacteriological analysi ...201526172174
use of caprylic acid in broiler chickens: effect on campylobacter jejuni.the effect of caprylic acid (ca) on campylobacter jejuni in chickens was evaluated using two approaches: dietary supplementation or surface treatment of chilled chicken carcasses. to analyze the dietary effect of ca, individually housed broiler chickens (n = 48) were artificially infected with c. jejuni vfu612 (10(6) colony-forming units [cfu]/bird) on the 21st and 35th days of life. dietary ca (2.5 and 5 g/kg of feed, fed throughout the entire experiment) significantly decreased c. jejuni shedd ...201526114373
multilocus sequence types of campylobacter jejuni isolates from different sources in eastern china.campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis in many developed countries. in our study, we applied multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technology to 167 c. jejuni isolates from diverse sources in eastern china to examine their genetic diversity. mlst defined 94 sequence types (sts) belonging to 18 clonal complexes (ccs). forty-five sts from 60 isolates (36%) and 22 alleles have not been previously documented in an international database. one hundred and two ...201526100240
impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, clostridium perfringens and campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level.the use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health concern due to the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance. although some alternative products are commercially available, little is known on their potential impact on flock health and productivity. a prospective study involving 1.55 million birds was conducted on eight commercial broiler farms in québec, canada, to evaluate the impact of replacing antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs b ...201526047674
effectiveness of inactivation of foodborne pathogens during simulated home pan frying of steak, hamburger or meat strips.in order to evaluate the effect of simulated home pan frying of raw meat and meat preparations of different animal species on the thermal inactivation of pathogens, the heat resistance (d-value) of three strains of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes and two strains of generic e. coli was validated in bhi and adjusted bhi (i.e. ph5.6 and 1.5% nacl) at 60°c. the d-values were obtained of the linear phase of the survivor curves created in ginafit ...201526004267
impact of disinfectant wipes on the risk of campylobacter jejuni infection during raw chicken preparation in domestic kitchens.in the present study, we conducted a quantitative microbial risk assessment forecasting the exposure to campylobacter jejuni contaminated surfaces during preparation of chicken fillets and how using a disinfectant-wipe intervention to clean a contaminated work area decreases the risk of infection following the preparation of raw chicken fillet in a domestic kitchen.201525939813
microbial food safety: potential of dna extraction methods for use in diagnostic metagenomics.the efficiency of ten widely applied dna extraction protocols was evaluated for suitability for diagnostic metagenomics. the protocols were selected based on a thorough literature study. chicken fecal samples inoculated with about 1×10(3) and 1×10(6) cfu/g campylobacter jejuni were used as a model. the evaluation was performed based on total dna yield measured by fluorometry, and quality and quantity of c. jejuni dna measured by real-time pcr. there was up to a 25-fold variance between the lowes ...201525937085
comparison of epidemiologically linked campylobacter jejuni isolated from human and poultry sources.campylobacter jejuni is responsible for most foodborne bacterial infections worldwide including australia. the aim of this study was to investigate a combination of typing methods in the characterization of c. jejuni isolated from clinical diarrhoeal samples (n = 20) and chicken meat (n = 26) in order to identify the source of infection and rank isolates based on their relative risk to humans. sequencing of the flaa short variable region demonstrated that 86% of clinical isolates had genotypes t ...201525936829
the role of probiotics in the inhibition of campylobacter jejuni colonization and virulence attenuation.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenterocolitis worldwide, leading to diarrhea and other serious post-infectious complications. probiotics form an attractive alternative intervention strategy for most of the enteric infections. however, the role of probiotics in c. jejuni infections requires detailed investigations in order to delineate the probiotic strains that are effective against c. jejuni. although there are several biological mechanisms involve ...201525934376
notes from the field: campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with consuming undercooked chicken liver pâté - ohio and oregon, december 2013-january 2014.on january 8, 2014, the ohio department of health notified the oregon public health division (ophd) of campylobacteriosis in two ohio residents recently returned from oregon. the travelers reported consuming chicken liver pâté* at an oregon restaurant. on january 10, ophd received additional reports of campylobacteriosis in two persons who had consumed chicken liver pâté at another oregon restaurant. campylobacter jejuni was isolated in cultures of fecal specimens from three patients. ophd inves ...201525879900
changes within the intestinal flora of broilers by colonisation with campylobacter jejuni.in most european countries human campylobacteriosis is the most important bacterial zoonotic foodborne infection. chicken meat is considered the main source of infection. since most strategies assessed so far, in reducing campylobacter colonization in chickens or in the reduction of human disease, have not been very effective, new knowledge regarding campylobacter's interaction with the host is needed. in this study we analysed fecal and cecal samples of five chicken flocks of different austrian ...201525876269
increased intracellular calcium level and impaired nutrient absorption are important pathogenicity traits in the chicken intestinal epithelium during campylobacter jejuni colonization.although a high number of chickens carry campylobacter jejuni, the mechanistic action of colonization in the intestine is still poorly understood. the current study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of c. jejuni on glucose uptake, amino acids availability in digesta, and intracellular calcium [ca(2+)]i signaling in the intestines of broiler chickens. for this, we compared: control birds (n = 60) and c. jejuni-infected birds (n = 60; infected orally with 1 × 10(8) cfu of c. jejuni ...201525825050
prevalence and characterization of campylobacter jejuni from chicken meat sold in french retail outlets.campylobacter was detected in 76% of broiler meat products collected in retail outlets during a monitoring plan carried out in france throughout 2009. campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (64.7% of products being contaminated). the 175 c. jejuni isolates collected were characterized. mlst typing results confirmed substantial genetic diversity as the 175 c. jejuni isolates generated 76 sequence types (sts). the st-21, st-45 and st-464 complexes predominated accounting for 43% of al ...201525770428
role of capsular modified heptose in the virulence of campylobacter jejuni.the campylobacter jejuni capsular polysaccharide is important for virulence and often contains a modified heptose. in strain atcc 700819 (a.k.a. nctc 11168), the modified heptose branches off from the capsular backbone and is directly exposed to the environment. we reported previously that the enzymes encoded by wcag, mlghb and mlghc are involved in heptose modification. here, we show that inactivation of any of these genes leads to production of capsule lacking modified heptose and alters the t ...201525766665
antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in poultry meat in romania.the occurrence of pathogenic strains in poultry meat is of growing concern in romania. another problem found on a global level is the continuous increase of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food. this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in poultry carcasses obtained in romania in 2012-2013 and to reveal the most prevalent patterns of antimicrobial resistance in the isolated strains.201525596569
effect of human isolated probiotic bacteria on preventing campylobacter jejuni colonization of poultry.this study was performed in order to determine whether human isolated probiotic bacteria can be effective in reducing campylobacter jejuni infection of chicken intestinal cells, in vitro, and in decreasing its colonization abilities within the chicken gut. our results show that the probiotic strains lactobacillus paracasei j. r, l. rhamnosus 15b, l. lactis y, and l. lactis foa had a significant effect on c. jejuni invasion of chicken primary cells, with the strongest inhibitory effect detected w ...201525585278
intestinal colonization of broiler chickens by campylobacter spp. in an experimental infection study.consumption of poultry meat is considered as one of the main sources of human campylobacteriosis, and there is clearly a need for new surveillance and control measures based on quantitative data on campylobacter spp. colonization dynamics in broiler chickens. we conducted four experimental infection trials, using four isolators during each infection trial to evaluate colonization of individual broiler chickens by campylobacter jejuni over time. individual and pooled faecal samples were obtained ...201525471550
comparative effect of thymol or its glucose conjugate, thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside, on campylobacter in avian gut contents.campylobacter jejuni is an important human food-borne pathogen that can contaminate meat and poultry during processing. consequently, strategies are sought to reduce the carriage of c. jejuni in food animals before they arrive at the abattoir. thymol is a natural product that reduces survivability of campylobacter in vitro, but its rapid absorption from the proximal alimentary tract limits its bactericidal efficacy in vivo. thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside is more resistant to absorption than free thy ...201525421628
reactions of chicken sera to recombinant campylobacter jejuni flagellar proteins.campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative spiral rod bacterium and is the leading but underreported bacterial food-borne pathogen that causes human campylobacteriosis worldwide. raw or undercooked poultry products are regarded as a major source for human infection. c. jejuni flagella have been implicated in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken gastrointestinal tracts. therefore, flagellar proteins would be the excellent targets for further investigation. in this report, we u ...201525413671
composition of diet modifies colonization dynamics of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.to evaluate the impact of diet composition on colonization dynamics of camp. jejuni and on related physiological parameters in the chicken intestine.201525358748
effect of propionic acid on campylobacter jejuni attached to chicken skin during refrigerated storage.the ability of propionic acid to reduce campylobacter jejuni on chicken legs was evaluated. chicken legs were inoculated with campylobacter jejuni. after dipping legs in either water (control), 1% or 2% propionic acid solution (vol/vol), they were stored at 4ºc for 8 days. changes in c. jejuni, psychrotrophs and pseudomonas counts were evaluated. washing in 2% propionic acid significantly reduced c. jejuni counts compared to control legs, with a decrease of about 1.62 log units after treatment. ...201527036744
eric-pcr genotyping of some campylobacter jejuni isolates of chicken and human origin in egypt.the public health importance of the genus campylobacter is attributed to several species causing diarrhea in consumers. poultry and their meat are considered the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. in this study, 287 samples from chicken (131 cloacal swabs, 39 chicken skin, 78 chicken meat, and 39 cecal parts) obtained from retail outlets as well as 246 stool swabs from gastroenteritis patients were examined. a representative number of the biochemically identified campylobacter j ...201526579615
genotypes and antibiotic resistance of bovine campylobacter and their contribution to human campylobacteriosis.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the most important bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis. chicken has been recognized as a major source for human infection, whereas cattle might also contribute to a lesser extent. however, there is a paucity of information available regarding campylobacter in swiss cattle and their role for human campylobacteriosis. to gain more information on genotypes and antibiotic resistance of bovine c. jejuni and c. coli and on their contribution to hum ...201525511436
characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli genotypes in poultry flocks by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis.we describe a simple, rapid, and discriminatory methodology that allows the routine molecular characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates. the proposed approach is built on one of the earliest and simplest molecular typing methods ever, consisting on the analysis of the fragments of different lengths generated by digestion of homologous dna sequences with specific restriction endonucleases, a process known as restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. ...201525399105
superoxide dismutase sodb is a protective antigen against campylobacter jejuni colonisation in chickens.campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diarrhoeal illness in the developed world and consumption or handling of contaminated poultry meat is the principal source of infection. strategies to control campylobacter in broilers prior to slaughter are urgently required and are predicted to limit the incidence of human campylobacteriosis. towards this aim, a purified recombinant subunit vaccine based on the superoxide dismutase (sodb) protein of c. jejuni m1 was developed and tested in white ...201526458797
high prevalence of hyper-aerotolerant campylobacter jejuni in retail poultry with potential implication in human infection.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses around the world. since c. jejuni is microaerophilic and sensitive to oxygen, aerotolerance is important in the transmission of c. jejuni to humans via foods under aerobic conditions. in this study, 70 c. jejuni strains were isolated from retail raw chicken meats and were subject to multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis. in the aerotolerance testing by aerobic shaking at 200 rpm, 50 (71.4%) isolates survived after 12 h (i.e., ae ...201526617597
heterogeneity in the infection biology of campylobacter jejuni isolates in three infection models reveals an invasive and virulent phenotype in a st21 isolate from poultry.although campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in the world and the importance of poultry as a source of infection is well understood we know relatively little about its infection biology in the broiler chicken. much of what we know about the biology of campylobacter jejuni is based on infection of inbred or spf laboratory lines of chickens with a small number of isolates used in most laboratory studies. recently we have shown that both the host response and m ...201526496441
draft genome sequence of the enteropathogenic bacterium campylobacter jejuni strain cj255.the enteropathogen campylobacter jejuni is a global health disaster, being one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. here, we present the draft genome sequence of c. jejuni strain cj255, isolated from a chicken source in islamabad, pakistan. the draft genome sequence will aid in epidemiological studies and quarantine of this broad-host-range pathogen.201526494669
population diversity of campylobacter jejuni in poultry and its dynamic of contamination in chicken meat.this study aimed to analyse the diversity of the campylobacter jejuni population in broilers and to evaluate the major source of contamination in poultry meat. eight rearing cycles over one year provided samples from three different broiler farms processed at the same slaughterhouse. a total of 707 c. jejuni were isolated from cloacal swabs before slaughter and from the breast skin of carcasses after slaughter and after chilling. all suspected campylobacter colonies were identified with pcr assa ...201526543870
development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for molecular subtyping of campylobacter jejuni by using capillary electrophoresis.campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of the frequently reported food-borne diseases in developed and developing nations. this study describes the development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) using capillary electrophoresis as a novel typing method for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigation of c. jejuni. among 36 tandem repeat loci detected by the tandem repeat finder program, 7 vntr loci were selected and used for characterizing 60 iso ...201526025899
chicken caecal microbiome modifications induced by campylobacter jejuni colonization and by a non-antibiotic feed additive.campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis in humans. chickens are often colonized at very high numbers by c. jejuni, up to 10(9) cfu per gram of caecal content, with no detrimental effects on their health. farm control strategies are being developed to lower the c. jejuni contamination of chicken food products in an effort to reduce human campylobacteriosis incidence. it is believed that intestinal microbiome composition may affect gut coloniz ...201526161743
genetic basis and functional consequences of differential expression of the cmeabc efflux pump in campylobacter jejuni isolates.the cmeabc multidrug efflux transporter of campylobacter jejuni plays a key role in antimicrobial resistance and is suppressed by cmer, a transcriptional regulator of the tetr family. overexpression of cmeabc has been observed in laboratory-generated mutants, but it is unknown if this phenotype occurs naturally in c. jejuni isolates and if it has any functional consequences. to answer these questions, expression of cmeabc in natural isolates obtained from broiler chickens, turkeys and humans was ...201526132196
evaluation of a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine to reduce colonization by campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness in humans. symptoms range from mild gastroenteritis to dysentery. contaminated chicken meat is the most common cause of infection. broiler chickens become colonized with high numbers of c. jejuni in the intestinal tract, but do not become clinically ill. vaccination of broiler chicks to control colonization by c. jejuni is challenging because immune function is limited in the first 2 weeks post-hatch and immune suppressive m ...201526032784
transducer like proteins of campylobacter jejuni 81-176: role in chemotaxis and colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract.transducer like proteins (tlps), also known as methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcp), enable enteric pathogens to respond to changing nutrient levels in the environment by mediating taxis toward or away from specific chemoeffector molecules. despite recent advances in the characterization of chemotaxis responses in campylobacter jejuni, the impact of tlps on the adaptation of this pathogen to disparate niches and hosts is not fully characterized. the latter is particularly evident in the ca ...201526075188
extensive characterization of campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates to uncover genes involved in the ability to compete for gut colonization.campylobacter jejuni is responsible for human foodborne enteritis. this bacterium is a remarkable colonizer of the chicken gut, with some strains outcompeting others for colonization. to better understand this phenomenon, the objective of this study was to extensively characterize the phenotypic performance of c. jejuni chicken strains and associate their gut colonizing ability with specific genes.201525958385
predominant campylobacter jejuni sequence types persist in finnish chicken production.consumption and handling of chicken meat are well-known risk factors for acquiring campylobacteriosis. this study aimed to describe the campylobacter jejuni population in finnish chickens and to investigate the distribution of c. jejuni genotypes on finnish chicken farms over a period of several years. we included 89.8% of the total c. jejuni population recovered in finnish poultry during 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2012 and used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and pulsed-field gel electrophor ...201525700264
survival in water of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the slaughterhouse.campylobacter jejuni cause gastroenteritis in humans. the main transmission vector is the consumption or handling of contaminated chicken meat, since chicken can be colonized asymptomatically by c. jejuni. however, water has been implicated as the transmission vector in a few outbreaks. one possibility is the contamination of water effluent by c. jejuni originating from chicken farm. the ability of c. jejuni to be transmitted by water would be closely associated to its ability to survive in wate ...201526702388
molecular identification of campylobacter jejuni and coli from chicken, calves and dogs to determine its potential threat on human being.campylobacter is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and one of the leading cause of foodborne infection worldwide and it has been isolated from a variety of animal species. the aim of this study was to identify campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from dogs, calves, and poultry using polymerase chain reaction (pcr).201527047055
novel immunomodulatory flagellin-like protein flac in campylobacter jejuni and other campylobacterales.the human diarrheal pathogens campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli interfere with host innate immune signaling by different means, and their flagellins, flaa and flab, have a low intrinsic property to activate the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5). we have investigated here the hypothesis that the unusual secreted, flagellin-like molecule flac present in c. jejuni, c. coli, and other campylobacterales might activate cells via tlr5 and interact with tlr5. flac shows striki ...201527303676
pancreatic amylase is an environmental signal for regulation of biofilm formation and host interaction in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a commensal bacterium in the intestines of animals and birds and a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. here we show that exposure to pancreatic amylase leads to secretion of an α-dextran by c. jejuni and that a secreted protease, cj0511, is required. exposure of c. jejuni to pancreatic amylase promotes biofilm formation in vitro, increases interaction with human epithelial cell lines, increases virulence in the galleria mellonella infection mode ...201526438798
differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli using multiplex-pcr and high resolution melt curve analysis.campylobacter spp. are important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans in developed countries. among campylobacter spp. campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) and c. coli are the most common causes of human infection. in this study, a multiplex pcr (mpcr) and high resolution melt (hrm) curve analysis were optimized for simultaneous detection and differentiation of c. jejuni and c. coli isolates. a segment of the hippuricase gene (hipo) of c. jejuni and putative aspartokinase (asp) gene of c. c ...201526394042
rapid host switching in generalist campylobacter strains erodes the signal for tracing human infections.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the biggest causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world, with human infections typically arising from zoonotic transmission associated with infected meat. because campylobacter is not thought to survive well outside the gut, host-associated populations are genetically isolated to varying degrees. therefore, the likely origin of most strains can be determined by host-associated variation in the genome. this is instructive for characte ...201526305157
virulence characteristics of hcp (+) campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from retail chicken.recently the type vi secretion system (t6ss), which can play a significant role in bacterial survival and pathogenesis, was reported in campylobacter spp., having the hcp gene as a key component.201526207145
narrow-spectrum inhibitors of campylobacter jejuni flagellar expression and growth.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne illness due to its ability to reside within the gastrointestinal tracts of chickens. multiple studies have identified the flagella of c. jejuni as a major determinant of chicken colonization. an inhibitor screen of approximately 147,000 small molecules was performed to identify compounds that are able to inhibit flagellar expression in a reporter strain of c. jejuni. several compounds that modestly inhibited motility of wild-type c. jejuni in s ...201525870073
genetic characterization of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolated from broilers using flaa pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in shiraz, southern iran.thermophilic campylobacters, particularly campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are the main agents of human campylobacteriosis. campylobacter contaminated chicken products is the most important source of foodborne gastroenteritis. evaluation of genetic diversity among campylobacter population is critical for understanding the epidemiology of this bacterium and developing effective control strategies against campylobacter infections and other related disorders.201526060566
[antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mutations in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from human and meat sources].recently, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and its genetic determinants in campylobacter species isolated from meat and human subjects in fukuoka prefecture, japan. between 2011 and 2013, 55 and 64 isolates were collected from meat (chicken meat and beef liver) and humans, respectively, in this prefecture. antimicrobia ...201526552121
risk of escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, and campylobacter spp. in food animals and their products in qatar.escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 e. coli, and campylobacter spp. are among the top-ranked pathogens that threaten the safety of food supply systems around the world. the associated risks and predisposing factors were investigated in a dynamic animal population using a repeat-cross-sectional study design. animal and environmental samples were collected from dairy and camel farms, chicken processing plants, and abattoirs and analyzed for the presence of these pathogens using a combination of bac ...201526408129
rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari in fresh chicken meat and by-products in bangkok, thailand, using modified multiplex pcr.a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari was developed and validated to assess the occurrence of these bacteria in fresh chicken meat and by-products in bangkok, thailand, by using a new combination of four previously published pcr primers for c. jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, and a universal 16s rdna gene as an internal control. the specificity was determined by using 13 strains of other bacteria. with pu ...201526197289
comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of campylobacter from broilers slaughtered in poland.in the current study, the relationship of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated at slaughter was investigated using comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance (amr), virulence gene (vg) and pfge profiling. a total of 254 campylobacter isolates from poultry caeca and corresponding carcasses, including 139 c. jejuni and 115 c. coli strains were tested. the most prevalent resistance profiles observed in c. jejuni were ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline (46 o ...201526092707
prevalence of campylobacter spp. in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef meat in poland between 2009 and 2013.the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter in poultry, pork, and beef meat at the retail level and to identify the main categories of meat representing the most significant reservoirs of campylobacter. a monitoring study was conducted throughout poland from 2009 to 2013. a total of 1,700 fresh meat samples were collected from supermarkets, large retail outlets, and smaller stores. thermophilic campylobacter species were detected in 690 (49.3%) ...201525951401
higher resistance of campylobacter coli compared to campylobacter jejuni at chicken slaughterhouse.in order to compare the prevalence of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni during the processing of broilers at slaughterhouse a total of 848 samples were analyzed during 2012 in southern spain. four hundred and seventy six samples were collected from cloaca, carcass surfaces and quartered carcasses. moreover, 372 environmental swabs from equipment and scalding water were collected. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and genta ...201525770597
novel gentamicin resistance genes in campylobacter isolated from humans and retail meats in the usa.to understand the molecular epidemiology of gentamicin-resistant campylobacter and investigate aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms.201525645207
rapid identification and classification of campylobacter spp. using laser optical scattering technology.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the two important species responsible for most of the campylobacter infections in humans. reliable isolation and detection of campylobacter spp. from food samples are challenging due to the interferences from complex food substances and the fastidious growth requirements of this organism. in this study, a novel biosensor-based detection called bardot (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology) was developed for high-throughput s ...201525583335
purification and characterization of a novel anti-campylobacter bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus dn317.the lactic acid bacteria (lab) microbiota of saudi chicken ceca was determined. from 60 samples, 204 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained. three isolates produced antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus subtilis. the isolate dn317, which had the highest activity against campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, was identified as lactobacillus curvatus (genbank accession numbers: kx353849 and kx353850). full inhibitory activity was observed aft ...201627812926
variation in campylobacter multilocus sequence typing subtypes from chickens as detected on three plating media.the objective of this study was to compare subtypes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli detected on three selective campylobacter plating media to determine whether each medium selected for different subtypes. fifty ceca and 50 carcasses (representing 50 flocks) were collected from the evisceration line in a commercial broiler processing plant. campylobacter was cultured and isolated from cecal contents and carcass rinses on campy-cefex, campy line, and rf campylobacter jejuni/coli ag ...201628221919
prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. in chicken meat in croatia and multilocus sequence typing of a small subset of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates.in order to detect thermotolerant campylobacter spp., 241 samples of fresh chicken meat, at retail in croatia, were analysed according to a standard method, followed by biochemical test and molecular polymerase chain reaction/restriction enzyme analysis for exact species determination. campylobacter spp. prevalence was 73.86%. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were isolated from 53.53 and 15.35% of the samples, respectively. in 4.98% of isolates thermotolerant campylobacter spp. were n ...201628115906
sensitivity of direct culture, enrichment and pcr for detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in broiler flocks at slaughter.broiler chicken flocks are a significant source of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli that result in the major public health problem of campylobacteriosis. accurate estimates of the prevalence of both c. coli and c. jejuni in flocks would enhance epidemiological understanding, risk assessment and control options. this study combined results from a panel of 10 detection tests (direct culture, enrichment and pcr) on caecal samples from flocks at slaughter. a parallel interpretation approa ...201627770505
sensitivity to enterocins of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from different poultry species.campylobacter spp. have been isolated from various animals, including poultry. they are rapidly transmitted throughout broiler sheds by the fecal-oral route. a promising strategy to reduce campylobacter spp. in poultry may be done due to the beneficial properties of probiotic bacteria and their bacteriocins. in this study, inhibition spectrum/activity of different enterocins was evaluated against campylobacter spp. (isolated from different poultry) to indicate further practical use of enterocins ...201627602434
evaluation of a protective effect of in ovo delivered campylobacter jejuni omvs.campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of a food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with poultry being the main source of infection. campylobacter jejuni, like other gram-negative bacteria, constitutively releases outer membrane vesicles (omvs). omvs are highly immunogenic, can be taken up by mammalian cells, and are easily modifiable by recombinant engineering. we have tested their usefulness for an oral (in ovo) vaccination of chickens. four groups of 18-day-old chicken em ...201627383607
epidemiology and rapd-pcr typing of thermophilic campylobacters from children under five years and chickens in morogoro municipality, tanzania.campylobacter species are gram negative and flagellated bacteria under the genus campylobacter, family campylobacteriaceae. these pathogens cause zoonotic infections among human and animal populations. this study was undertaken between december 2006 and may 2007 to determine prevalence, risk factors and genetic diversity of thermophilic campylobacter isolates from children less than 5 years and chickens in morogoro municipality, tanzania.201627871251
molecular epidemiology, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spreading in retail chicken meat in central china.campylobacter species are the major food-borne pathogens which could cause bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. contaminated chicken products have been recognized as the primary vehicles of campylobacter transmission to human beings. in this study, the prevalence of campylobacter in retail chicken meat in central china was investigated, and the isolates were further characterized using molecular approaches and tested for antibiotic resistance.201627800028
a direct-sensing galactose chemoreceptor recently evolved in invasive strains of campylobacter jejuni.a rare chemotaxis receptor, tlp11, has been previously identified in invasive strains of campylobacter jejuni, the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. here we use glycan and small-molecule arrays, as well as surface plasmon resonance, to show that tlp11 specifically interacts with galactose. tlp11 is required for the chemotactic response of c. jejuni to galactose, as shown using wild type, allelic inactivation and addition mutants. the inactivated mutant displays reduced ...201627762269
use of direct lamp screening of broiler fecal samples for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in the positive flock identification strategy.rapid identification of campylobacter-positive flocks before slaughter, following freezing and heat treatment for the campylobacter-positive carcasses at the slaughterhouses is an effective control strategy against foodborne campylobacteriosis. we evaluated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the direct screening of naturally contaminated chicken cloacal swabs for c. jejuni/c. coli to compare this assay with conventional quantitative culture methods. in a comparison study o ...201627746777
quantification of growth of campylobacter and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria sheds light on black box of enrichment procedures.campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide, and is routinely found in meat originating from poultry, sheep, pigs, and cattle. effective monitoring of campylobacter contamination is dependent on the availability of reliable detection methods. the method of the international organization for standardization for the detection of campylobacter spp. in food (iso 10272-1:2006) recommends the use of bolton broth (bb) as selective enrichment ...201627672384
identification of novel vaccine candidates against campylobacter through reverse vaccinology.campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the european union. human cases are mainly due to campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter coli, and contamination is associated with the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat. in fact, poultry constitutes the bacteria's main reservoir. a promising way of decreasing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans would be to decrease avian colonization. poultry vaccination is of potential for this p ...201627413761
whole-genome sequencing of a campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from retail chicken meat reveals the presence of a megaplasmid with mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes.genome sequencing of campylobacter jejuni strain t1-21 isolated from retail chicken meat revealed the presence of a chromosome of 1,565,978 bp and a megaplasmid of 82,732 bp that contains mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes. this is the first reported sequence of a campylobacter megaplasmid >55 kb.201627231378
campylobacter in broiler slaughter samples assessed by direct count on mccda and campy-cefex agar.campylobacter spp. cause foodborne illnesses in humans primarily through the consumption of contaminated chicken. the aim of this study was to evaluate the united states department of agriculture's (usda) recommended methodology, protocol mlg 41.02, for the isolation, identification and direct plate counting of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli samples from the broiler slaughtering process. a plating method using both mccda and campy-cefex agars is recommended to recover campylobacter cells. it i ...201627237112
age-related differences in the luminal and mucosa-associated gut microbiome of broiler chickens and shifts associated with campylobacter jejuni infection.despite the importance of gut microbiota for broiler performance and health little is known about the composition of this ecosystem, its development and response towards bacterial infections. therefore, the current study was conducted to address the composition and structure of the microbial community in broiler chickens in a longitudinal study from day 1 to day 28 of age in the gut content and on the mucosa. additionally, the consequences of a campylobacter (c.) jejuni infection on the microbia ...201627921008
lipooligosaccharide locus classes and putative virulence genes among chicken and human campylobacter jejuni isolates.campylobacter cause morbidity and considerable economic loss due to hospitalization and post infectious sequelae such as reactive arthritis, guillain barré- and miller fischer syndromes. such sequelae have been linked to c. jejuni harboring sialic acid structures in their lipooligosaccharide (los) layer of the cell wall. poultry is an important source of human campylobacter infections but little is known about the prevalence of sialylated c. jejuni isolates and the extent of transmission of such ...201627871232
the pas domain-containing protein heur regulates heme uptake in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterially derived gastroenteritis. a previous mutant screen demonstrated that the heme uptake system (chu) is required for full colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract. subsequent work identified a pas domain-containing regulator, termed heur, as being required for chicken colonization. here we confirm that both the heme uptake system and heur are required for full chicken gastrointestinal tract colonization, with the heur mutant being part ...201627935836
differences in host breed and diet influence colonization by campylobacter jejuni and induction of local immune responses in chicken.chickens are regarded as the main reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. little is known about the interaction between campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) and chickens. this interaction may be influenced by the stage of maturation of the immune system, developing gut microbiota composition and other factors including breed and diet. our aim was to investigate the impact of breed, and diet on c. jejuni colonization and host immune responses in chickens. birds were inoculated with 10(4) colony formi ...201627843492
chicken immune response after in ovo immunization with chimeric tlr5 activating flagellin of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is the main cause of bacterial food-borne diseases in developed countries. chickens are the most important source of human infection. vaccination of poultry is an attractive strategy to reduce the number of c. jejuni in the intestinal tract of chickens. we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant c. jejuni flagellin-based subunit vaccine with intrinsic adjuvant activity. toll-like receptor activation assays demonstrated the purity and tlr5 sti ...201627760175
virulence and genomic feature of multidrug resistant campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chicken.the aim of this study was to reveal the molecular mechanism involved in multidrug resistance and virulence of campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chickens. the virulence of six multidrug resistant c. jejuni was determined by in vitro and in vivo methods. the de novo whole genome sequencing technology and molecular biology methods were used to analyze the genomic features associated with the multidrug resistance and virulence of a selected isolate (c. jejuni 1655). the comparative genomic ...201627790202
complete genomic sequence of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 strain rm1285 isolated from packaged chicken.poultry products serve as the main source of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni infections in humans. c. jejuni subsp. jejuni infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and are a prevalent antecedent to guillain-barré syndrome. this study describes the genome of c. jejuni subsp. jejuni hs:19 strain rm1285, isolated from packaged chicken in california.201627795263
complete genome sequences of campylobacter jejuni strains od267 and wp2202 isolated from retail chicken livers and gizzards reveal the presence of novel 116-kilobase and 119-kilobase megaplasmids with type vi secretion systems.genome sequences of campylobacter jejuni strains od267 and wp2202, isolated from chicken livers and gizzards, showed the presence of novel 116-kb and 119-kb megaplasmids, respectively. the two megaplasmids carry a type vi secretion system and tetracycline resistance genes. these are the largest sequenced campylobacter plasmids to date.201627688318
dna supercoiling regulates the motility of campylobacter jejuni and is altered by growth in the presence of chicken mucus.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, but relatively little is known about the global regulation of virulence factors during infection of chickens or humans. this study identified dna supercoiling as playing a key role in regulating motility and flagellar protein production and found that this supercoiling-controlled regulon is induced by growth in chicken mucus. a direct correlation was observed between motility and resting dna supercoiling levels in ...201627624126
restaurant cooking trends and increased risk for campylobacter infection.in the united kingdom, outbreaks of campylobacter infection are increasingly attributed to undercooked chicken livers, yet many recipes, including those of top chefs, advocate short cooking times and serving livers pink. during 2015, we studied preferences of chefs and the public in the united kingdom and investigated the link between liver rareness and survival of campylobacter. we used photographs to assess chefs' ability to identify chicken livers meeting safe cooking guidelines. to investiga ...201627314748
detection of zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a semirural community in ecuador.animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (lmics), where small-scale livestock production is common. in this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in ecuador between june and august 2014. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was used to assess zoonotic tran ...201627208122
risk factors associated with campylobacter detected by pcr in humans and animals in rural cambodia.campylobacter are worldwide-occurring zoonotic bacteria, with the species campylobacter jejuni and c. coli commonly associated with diarrhoea in children in low-income countries. in this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of c. jejuni and c. coli in human and livestock faecal samples was detected by pcr and zoonotic risk factors associated with human campylobacter positivity were identified. in total 681 humans and 753 livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle) from 269 households were sampled ...201627334412
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