Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| el tor hemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1 forms channels in planar lipid bilayer membranes. | we investigated the channel formation by el tor hemolysin (molecular mass, 65 kda) of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor in planar lipid bilayers. the el tor hemolysin channel exhibited asymmetric and hyperbolic membrane current with increasing membrane potential, meaning that the channel is voltage dependent. the zero-current membrane potential measured in kci solution showed that permeability ratio pk+/pcl- was 0.16, indicating that the channel is 6-fold more anion selective over cation. the he ... | 1997 | 9170269 |
| the plasmid r64 thin pilus identified as a type iv pilus. | the entire nucleotide sequence of the pil region of the inci1 plasmid r64 was determined. analysis of the sequence indicated that 14 genes, designated pili through pilv, are involved in the formation of the r64 thin pilus. protein products of eight pil genes were identified by the maxicell procedure. the piln product was shown to be a lipoprotein by an experiment using globomycin. a computer search revealed that several r64 pil genes have amino acid sequence homology with proteins involved in ty ... | 1997 | 9171405 |
| identification of a second endogenous porphyromonas gingivalis insertion element. | in this study a second endogenous porphyromonas gingivalis insertion element (is element) that is capable of transposition within p. gingivalis was identified. nucleotide sequence analysis of the tn4351 insertion site in a p. gingivalis tn4351-generated transconjugant showed that a complete copy of the previously unidentified is element, designated pgis2, had inserted into is4351r in tn4351. pgis2 is 1,207 bp in length with 19-bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats, and insertion resulted in a d ... | 1997 | 9171437 |
| effects of cell surface ganglioside sialidase inhibition on growth control and differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells. | gangliosides on the external side of the plasma membrane are important modulators of cellular functions. in previous work we had found that in cultured human sk-n-mc neuroblastoma cells a cell surface sialidase activity specifically cleaved terminal sialic acids from gangliosides, leading to a shift from higher sialylated species to gm1 and a decrease of gm3. to further elucidate the function of the enzyme, we have now examined the consequences of ganglioside sialidase inhibition. when present i ... | 1997 | 9174666 |
| structural basis for differential receptor binding of cholera and escherichia coli heat-labile toxins: influence of heterologous amino acid substitutions in the cholera b-subunit. | the closely related b-subunits of cholera toxin (ctb) and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) both bind strongly to gm1 ganglioside receptors but ltb can also bind to additional glycolipids and glycoproteins. a number of mutant ct b-subunits were generated by substituting ctb amino acids with those at the corresponding positions in ltb. these were used to investigate the influence of specific residues on receptor-binding specificity. a mutated ctb protein containing the first 25 resid ... | 1997 | 9179843 |
| volunteer studies investigating the safety and efficacy of live oral el tor vibrio cholerae o1 vaccine strain cvd 111. | a live oral cholera vaccine should ideally protect against both classical and el tor biotypes of vibrio cholerae o1. an el tor biotype vaccine strain, therefore, would complement classical cholera vaccine strain cvd 103-hgr, a strain already in use in some countries. in this study, 25 healthy adult volunteers received a single dose of 10s colony-forming units of el tor vaccine strain cvd 111, a derivative of el tor ogawa strain n16117 deleted in the virulence cassette. three (12%) volunteers dev ... | 1997 | 9180604 |
| [in process citation]. | oral delivery of vaccines results in these being taken up by specialised microfold epithelial cells covering peyer's patches of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore stimulating regulatory t cells and surface iga positive (siga+) b cells. t helper cells can be divided into 2 subsets, type 1 (t(h)1) and type 2 (t(h)2), according to their function and the cytokines they secrete. t(h)1 cytokines such as interleukin (il)-2, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-beta (tnfbeta) elicit activation ... | 1997 | 18031087 |
| high prevalence of vibrio cholerae non-o1 carrying heat-stable-enterotoxin-encoding genes among vibrio isolates from a temperate-climate river basin of central italy. | vibrio spp. of clinical interest from the arno river basin (tuscany, italy) were investigated in this study. vibrios were isolated from 70% of water samples. vibrio cholerae non-o1 was the most prevalent species (82% of isolates), followed by vibrio mimicus (10%) and vibrio metschnikovii (8%). recovery of vibrios was correlated with temperature, ph, and various indicators of municipal pollution. none of the 150 vibrio isolates carried ctx-related genomic sequences, whereas 18 (14.6%) of the 123 ... | 1997 | 16535661 |
| [treatment principles in arterial hypertension]. | 1997 | 24296 | |
| congenital testicular lymphangiectasis. | testicular lymphangiectasis are described for the first time in a patient with bilateral inguinal cryptorchidism. a great number of irregular lymphatic channels was observed within the parenchyma and the tunica vasculosa in both testes. large and numerous anastomosis between the lymphatic vessels of these two areas could also be seen. the mtd and the tfi of the left testis were normal. both parameters were very low in the right testis. the association of this fact with the greater development of ... | 1997 | 24294 |
| degradation kinetics of a substituted carbinolamine in aqueous media. | the apparent first-order breakdown of the medicinally active agent 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ol was studied in aqueous solutions where dehydration gave the unsaturated compound 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. this thiazole was the primary solvolytic product produced in approximately quantitative yields for the temperature range studied and ostensibly underwent no further reaction in acidic media even on prolonged heating. i ... | 1997 | 19617 |
| [surgically treated esophageal perforation caused by metal esophagoscope]. | a case of oesophageal perforation is described occurring during oesophagoscopy carried out in search for a foreign body. after several hours of observation the hole in the oesophagus was closed with sutures. the postoperative course was complicated with posterior mediastinitis and suture failure. after active aspiration drainage and broad spectrum antibiotics the patient was cured. | 1997 | 2640071 |
| antihypertensive drugs: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. | 1997 | 23284 | |
| [the current state of masculine contraception]. | the present state of male contraception is reviewed with reference to pharmacological methods only. since spermatogenesis is the result of a long chain of endocrine mechanisms starting in the hypothalamus, any review of contraceptive techniques must follow these physiological links. spermatogenesis itself involves different stages and each of them can be a target for pharmacological compounds. although no drug is currently available that offers all the necessary guarantees required of a contrace ... | 1997 | 175439 |
| curriculum guidelines for training general practice residents to treat the person with a handicap. | 1997 | 2139881 | |
| noninvasive imaging of the superficial femoral artery using ultrasound duplex scanning. | a total of 56 lower extremities in 28 patients were evaluated by both conventional arteriography and ultrasound duplex scanning. overall sensitivity for duplex scanning compared to arteriography in detecting stenotic or occlusive disease was 91%, specificity was 94%, positive predictive value 85% and negative predictive value 97%. results for duplex scanning were better in the proximal and middle segment compared to the distal third of the superficial femoral artery. the sensitivity of segmental ... | 1997 | 2196267 |
| a new design of glass micro-electrode for extracellular ph measurement [proceedings]. | 1997 | 19622 | |
| pregnenolone, 17-oh-pregnenolone, and testosterone in plasma of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. | both pregnenolone and 17-oh-pregnenolone were found to be higher in the plasma of patients with poorly controlled congential adrenal hyperplasia than in normal subjects. the plasma levels of these precursor steroids were significantly correlated with urinary 17-ketosteroid and pregnanetriol excretion and with plasma testosterone. the mechanism where by plasma pregnenolone and 17-oh-pregnenolone levels are elevated in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency is unknown, but the phenomenon of produ ... | 1997 | 178685 |
| in vivo angiographic pathoanatomy of unstable angina: twenty years later. | 1997 | 2808999 | |
| villous adenomas of the colorectum. | during a ten-year period 258 patients with villous adenomas were seen at the massachusetts general hospital: seventy-four of these patients (29%) had invasive cancer that developed in adenomas. the operative mortality ascribed to removal of benign adenomas was zero, but for cancer arising in villous adenomas it was 3 per cent. therapy often is difficult because of the size and location of the tumors. methods of removal have been considered in detail. | 1997 | 175719 |
| uric acid calculi: results of conservative treatment. | a total of 140 patients with uric acid diathesis have been treated for the last five years with a standardized mixture of sodium and potassium citrate and citric acid (uralyt u) together with forced fluid intake and, if necessary, the addition of allopurinol. the results have been encouraging; 80 per cent of the patients showed complete dissolution of the stones and relief of symptoms. | 1997 | 23599 |
| recruitment in conduction deafness. observations using a midline loudness balance test. | a midline loudness balance test was made in 10 normal ears with blocked ear canals and in 104 conductively deaf ears with loss not exceeding 45 db. the test was made by giving the tones simultaneously in the ears at 10, 60 and 80 db sensation levels for 500 and 2 000 hz. in the normal group the midline balance method indicated no reduction from the threshold differences at any of the three levels whereas significant reductions occurred in all groups of conduction deafness. the occurrence of true ... | 1997 | 168724 |
| htlv-i infection in britain. | 1997 | 2132563 | |
| chlorthalidone-induced pseudoporphyria: clinical and microscopic findings of a case. | 1997 | 2808818 | |
| [association of behçet's disease and pelvispondylitis in a subject without hla w 27 antigen]. | the authors report a new case of behcet's disease in association with ankylosing spondylitis. a study of the hla system in this patient, showed the presence of an hla 5 (behcet's disease) and the absence of hla w 27 (ankylosing spondylitis). the authors recall the frequency of hla w 27 during ankylosing spondylitis, whether primary or associated with psoriasis, or enteric disease. desensitisation to autologous saliva proved a failure. a trial of d-penicillamine produced no beneficial effect on t ... | 1997 | 175493 |
| [osteomalacia and antiepileptic drugs: study on the pathogenesis]. | severe osteomalacia with secondary hyperparathyroidism was observed in a 19-year-old mentally retarded girl, who had been treated for several years with antiepileptic drugs. vitamin d3 orally administered in low doses led to complete reversal of all symptoms and normalization of blood chemistry, x-ray pictures demonstrated healing of all lesions. it is suggested that the alterations of vitamin-d metabolism occuring during the administration of phenobarbital and hydantion are of importance only i ... | 1997 | 168635 |
| diminished superoxide anion generation by reduced 5-iminodaunorubicin relative to daunorubicin and the relationship to cardiotoxicity of the anthracycline antitumor agents. | 1997 | 229856 | |
| peripheral neuropathy secondary to cis-dichlorodiammino-platinum (ii) (platinol). treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. | 1997 | 229809 | |
| treatment of hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism with metabolites of vitamin d: evidence for impaired conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin d to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d. | in hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism, pharmacologic doses of vitamin d correct hypocalcemia, but the mechanism is unknown. in two children with hypoparathyroidism and one with pseudohypoparathyroidism we tested the hypothesis that in these conditions there is a defect in synthesis of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3, the principal active metabolite of vitamin d. in both conditions, minute doses of the metabolite (0.04 to 0.08 mug per kilogram of body weight per day) quickly corrected ... | 1997 | 170516 |
| lovastatin, pravastatin, and serum lipoprotein(a) | 1997 | 2139768 | |
| comparative clinical study of foy and trasylol in acute pancreatitis. | in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of foy injectable ([ethyl-4-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy) benzoate] methane sulfonate) on acute pancreatitis, a comparative clinical study was carried out using trasylol as the control at 38 hospitals in japan. favourable results were obtained in 60 (71%) out of 84 patients in the foy group and 29 (44%) out of 66 patients in the trasylol group. the results showed that these both drugs were effective and the statistical analysis revealed considerable differ ... | 1997 | 229707 |
| [prevention of relapse in the era of depot neuroleptics and social psychiatry]. | 1997 | 179025 | |
| parathyroid function tests with edta infusions in infancy and childhood. | to determine the functional capabilities of the parathyroid glands, 17 edta infusions were given to 11 children (ages 1 month to 12 years) and to two mothers of four of the children. serum ionized ca fell from 4.1 mg/dl to 3.4 mg/dl. excessive parathyroid hormone responses were elicited during seven of nine edta infusions in five children and in one adult with hypophosphatemic rickets, during the active phase of rickets. in four of five subjects with problems related to hypercalcemia, borderline ... | 1997 | 175144 |
| poisonous snakebite: a review. 2. symptomatology and treatment. | 1997 | 175130 | |
| [fibrous histiocytoma of the lung (case report)]. | 1997 | 229639 | |
| rhinovirus multistranded rna: dependence of the replicative form on the presence of actinomycin d. | the multistranded and double-stranded rnas synthesized in hela cells infected with rhinovirus in the presence and in the absence of actinomycin d have been characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hybridization studies. the replicative form is only found in infected cells treated with actinomycin d, whereas the replicative intermediate is found in both the presence and the absence of the drug. the significance of these results is discussed. | 1997 | 178930 |
| histomorphological criteria for prognosis in breast cancer. | one hundred cases of carcinoma breast were analysed with regard to histological features and clinical follow-up. bad prognostic factors included tumour size larger than 5cms; absent or minimal intraduct component in the tumour and absent or minimal periductal elastosis. conversely significant intraduct component in the tumour and periductal elastosis were associated with better survival. degree of lymph nodal involvement did not influence the outcome. one reason for this unexpected finding could ... | 1997 | 2132500 |
| althesin and pancuronium in chronic liver disease. | in 32 patients with chronic liver disease, undergoing major abdominal surgery, anaesthesia was induced with either althesin (alphaxalone and alphadolone acetate) or thiopentone, and maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen and increments of either pethidine or fentanyl. the patients were ventilated artificially to maintain paco, values in the normal range. pancuronium bromide was used as the muscle relaxant. liver function tests at 24 hr and 5 day after surgery showed only minor changes compared wi ... | 1997 | 1218149 |
| estrogen binding and estrogen receptors in the prostate. | 1997 | 175521 | |
| value of transesophageal color doppler echocardiography for detection of different types of atrial septal defect in adults. | in 121 adults, the value of transthoracic and transesophageal color doppler echocardiography for detection of different types of atrial septal defect (asd) or of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return was analyzed. the 121 patients had a total of 129 defects with left-to-right atrial shunting (including eight patients with two types of defects). all of six cases with primum-type asd were diagnosed correctly by both echocardiographic methods. ninety-seven patients showed a secundum-type asd du ... | 1997 | 1389216 |
| [provisional crowns and bridges]. | 1997 | 3250891 | |
| campylobacter jejuni as a cause of diarrhoea. | this study was carried out to isolate and identify campylobacter jejuni from stool samples of patients suffering from diarrhoea. the study spanned a two-year period and c. jejuni was isolated in 10 (4.5%) out of 220 patients of diarrhoea] disorders. in samples of stool collected from 50 healthy individuals, c. jejuni was isolated in one (2%) case. further, to isolate other enteropathogens alongwith c. jejuni, procedures were undertaken simultaneously to identify salmonella, shigella and vibrio c ... | 1997 | 28769509 |
| molecular analysis of the cholera toxin gene & antibiotic sensitivity profile of vibrio cholerae o1 & o139 associated with mixed infection. | in the context of the reemergence of v. cholerae o1 in india and the recent evidence that o139 strains could have evolved from o1 e1 tor strains, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the rrna and the ctx genes and the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the two strains of v. cholerae, one an o1 and the other an o139, associated with mixed infection, were examined to determine their relatedness. our results demonstrate that although the strains belonged to different clones of v. chole ... | 1998 | 9670616 |
| induction of the lysogenic phage encoding cholera toxin in naturally occurring strains of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | in toxigenic vibrio cholerae, the ctx genetic element which carries the genes for cholera toxin (ct) is the genome of a lysogenic bacteriophage (ctxphi). clinical and environmental strains of v. cholerae o1 or o139 and stools that were culture positive for cholera were analyzed to study the induction and transmission of ctxphi. to our knowledge, this is the first report of the examination of ctxphi in clinical materials and in naturally occurring strains. dna probe analysis revealed that 4.25% ( ... | 1998 | 9673258 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies to identify phospholipase c as the enterotoxic factor of the bifunctional hemolysin-phospholipase c molecule of vibrio cholerae o139. | two hybrid clones producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against the purified enterotoxic hemolysin-phospholipase c (hlypc) bifunctional molecule of a vibrio cholerae o139 strain were used to study its enterotoxicity in relation to its hemolytic and enzymatic activities. fab fragments of mabs from ascites produced by the two hybrids neutralized the hemolytic activity of hlypc, leaving the enzymatic activity unaffected. in ligated rabbit ileal loop and infant mouse intestine, the fab fragm ... | 1998 | 9673290 |
| vibrio cholerae o22 might be a putative source of exogenous dna resulting in the emergence of the new strain of vibrio cholerae o139. | the new epidemic strain o139 of vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, has probably emerged from the pandemic strain o1 e1 tor through a genetic rearrangement involving the horizontal transfer of exogenous o-antigen- and capsule-encoding genes of unknown origin. in v. cholerae o139, these genes are associated with an insertion sequence designated is1358o139. in this work, we studied the distribution of seven genes flanking the is1358o139 element in 13 serovars of v. cholerae strains. a ... | 1998 | 9675855 |
| replicating function of the rs1 element associated with vibrio cholerae ctx phi prophage. | the rs1 element associated with vibrio cholerae ctx phi prophage was cloned from an e1 tor biotype vibrio cholerae strain. we used the reca- vaccine strain peru-15, that lacks the target for rs-mediated site-specific integration, to show that rs1 promotes autonomous replication of a suicide vector. a linker insertion in the rstr open reading frame abolished autonomous replication in peru-15 but not in a strain containing an rs1 in the chromosome. an at-rich region containing cis-acting elements ... | 1998 | 9675860 |
| replication and integration of a vibrio cholerae cryptic plasmid linked to the ctx prophage. | we identified a 4.7kb cryptic plasmid in all ctxab+ vibrio cholerae strains we tested. an isolate of the v. cholerae classical biotype strain 0395 that harbours the cryptic plasmid at high copy number was found. hybridization analysis demonstrated that sequences highly related or identical to this plasmid exist in all toxigenic strains of v. cholerae but were notably absent in all non-toxigenic environmental isolates that lacked the genes for toxin-co-regulated pili and the filamentous ctx proph ... | 1998 | 9680213 |
| modulation of intestinal permeability: an innovative method of oral drug delivery for the treatment of inherited and acquired human diseases. | conventional forms of administrations of nonabsorbable drugs and peptides rely on their parenteral injection. the intestinal epithelium represents the major barrier to the oral absorption of these therapeutical agents into the systemic circulation. recently, a number of innovative drug delivery approaches have been developed, including the drug entrapment within small vesicles or their passage through the intestinal paracellular pathway. zonula occludens toxin, a recently discovered protein elab ... | 1998 | 9682213 |
| the role of adp-ribosylation and g(m1)-binding activity in the mucosal immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of the escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and vibrio cholerae cholera toxin. | the mucosal route of vaccination has attracted a great deal of attention recently. not only is mucosal application of vaccines, for example, orally or intranasally, particularly convenient, it also offers the possibility to induce locally produced and secreted s-iga antibodies in addition to systemic igg antibodies. these iga antibodies are known to play a key role in protection against pathogens that invade the host through mucosal surfaces. induction of such responses is not readily achieved b ... | 1998 | 9682971 |
| nicking sites in a subunit of cholera toxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin for vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease. | we analyzed the nicking site of the a subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin for hemagglutinin/protease produced by vibrio cholerae non-o1 (nag-ha/p). the determined nicking site was the thr193-ile194 junction, which was distinct from that for a protease of v. cholerae (ichinose et al., european journal of epidemiology 8, 743-747, 1992). we further analyzed proteolytic cleavage by nag-ha/p of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the nicking region of cholera toxin a subunit and dete ... | 1998 | 9690793 |
| synthesis of terminal disaccharide elements corresponding to the ogawa and inaba antigenic determinant from vibrio cholerae o1. | vibrio cholerae o1 lps terminal mono- and disaccharide elements were synthesized by reduction of the azido group in several 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose mono- and disaccharide derivatives, followed by coupling with 2, 4-di-o-acetyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid in the presence of 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline. this compound represents a useful model in order to elucidate the size of the epitopes which define ogawa and inaba serotypes from vibrio cholerae o1. | 1998 | 9691445 |
| diagnosis of bacterial enteric infections in children in zambia. | the bacterial pathogens commonly responsible for diarrhea in children under the age of 5 in zambia were identified and the most effective methods of diagnosis of such infections in laboratories with limited resources, such as those in developing countries, are recommended. | 1998 | 9695302 |
| [analysis of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated in japan by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis]. | vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated mostly in japan between 1977 and 1995 were typed according to restriction fragment patterns by cleavage of genomic dna with sfi i and not i and separation by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). two hundred sixty five strains from human were divided into 60 pfge patterns (provisional types). strains of type 2-3, 3-4, 4-5 and 51-54 were dominant in the philippines, thailand, india and indonesia, respectively. types 1-1, 2-3, 2-53, and 3-4 were detected over ... | 1998 | 9695467 |
| a novel filamentous phage, fs-2, of vibrio cholerae o139. | a novel filamentous bacteriophage, fs-2, was isolated from vibrio cholerae o139 strain mdo14. the fs-2 phage was a long filamentous particle 1200 nm long and 7 nm wide. the purified phage formed a turbid plaque when spotted on a lawn of the host organisms. the plaque-formation activity was stable following heating to 70 degrees c but was inhibited by treatment with chloroform. fs-2 had a single-stranded dna genome and was converted to a double-stranded replicative form in the host cell. almost a ... | 1998 | 9695923 |
| enterobacterial lipocalins precede vibrio homologue. | 1998 | 9696622 | |
| rhs elements comprise three subfamilies which diverged prior to acquisition by escherichia coli. | the rhs elements are complex genetic composites widely spread among escherichia coli isolates. one of their components, a 3.7-kb, gc-rich core, maintains a single open reading frame that extends the full length of the core and then 400 to 600 bp beyond into an at-rich region. whereas rhs cores are homologous, core extensions from different elements are dissimilar. two new rhs elements from strains of the ecor reference collection have been characterized. rhsg (from strain ecor-11) maps to min 5. ... | 1998 | 9696756 |
| immunostimulatory activity of lt-iia, a type ii heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli. | certain bacterial molecules potentiate immune responses to parenterally administered antigens. one such molecule that has been intensely investigated is cholera toxin, a type i heat-labile enterotoxin produced by the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae. immunization with a mixture of a foreign antigen and cholera toxin enhances the immune response to the antigen. similar adjuvant activity is associated with lt-i, a closely related type i heat-labile enterotoxin produced by escherichia coli. ... | 1998 | 9698108 |
| serotypes of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated from water supplies for human consumption in campeche, méxico and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. | the presence of vibrio cholerae non-o1 in water supplies for human consumption in the city of campeche and rural locality of bécal was investigated. v. cholerae non-o1 was detected in 5.9% of the samples obtained in deep pools of campeche. studies conducted in bécal and neighbourhood of morelos in campeche indicated that collected samples harbored v. cholerae non-o1 in 31.5% and 8.7% respectively. there was a particular pattern of distribution of v. cholerae non-o1 serotypes among different stud ... | 1998 | 9698837 |
| acute diarrhea associated with heat-stable enteroxin producing strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1: first report from cuba. | 1998 | 9698904 | |
| recurrent spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhosis: a case report. | spontaneous bacterial empyema occurs in about 0.4% of cirrhotic patients, but recurrent attack has rarely been reported. herein we report a case of repeat episodes of spontaneous bacterial empyema. the patient presented with fever, shortness of breath and three episodes of spontaneous bacterial empyema (accompanied by septic shock in two episodes) within six months. chest roentgenography showed massive right-side pleural effusion. thoracentesis yielded pleural effusion containing a neutrophil co ... | 1998 | 9699395 |
| analysis of toxr-dependent transcription activation of ompu, the gene encoding a major envelope protein in vibrio cholerae. | the membrane proteins toxr and toxs regulate a variety of genes associated with the virulence of vibrio cholerae, the agent of human cholera. one of the toxrs-regulated genes is the ompu gene, which encodes a porin that may also act as an adhesin. to begin to understand the mechanism of ompu transcription activation by toxrs, we performed genetic and biochemical studies on the ompu promoter. deletions with a 5' end-point at or downstream of -128, relative to the start site for transcription, did ... | 1998 | 9701817 |
| incidence & enteropathogenicity of aeromonas spp in children suffering from acute diarrhoea in chennai. | a total of 200 stool samples from children below 10 yr suffering from diarrhoea were screened for enteric pathogens with special interest on aeromonas. aeromonas spp were isolated from 6.5 per cent of the patients, comprising 4 per cent a. hydrophila, 2 per cent a. sobria and 0.5 per cent a. caviae. among the 13 isolates obtained, 10 isolates produced enterotoxin in ligated rabbit ileal loops, and 11 produced cytotoxin in hep 2 cells. many of the aeromonas isolates exhibited resistance to common ... | 1998 | 9701892 |
| trypanosoma rangeli sialidase: kinetics of release and antigenic characterization. | the epimastigote stage of trypanosoma rangeli release a sialidase with a high sialic acid hydrolysis capacity. we demonstrate that sialidase secretion is an active process that is reduced at low temperatures and in the presence of sodium azide. the enzyme is continuously released until certain maximally active concentrations are attained in the bhi culture medium when the parasite density reaches 2-3 x 10(6) cells. when introduced into culture medium already containing such enzyme levels, freshl ... | 1998 | 9707367 |
| diverse ctxphis and evolution of new pathogenic vibrio cholerae. | 1998 | 9708764 | |
| inactivated whole-cell bacterial vaccines: current status and novel strategies. | inactivated bacterial whole-cell vaccines have been the most widely studied prophylactic treatment for infectious diseases. they offer an economical, and potentially safe, effective means of preventing disease. the disadvantages of these vaccines have been that parenteral administration, while effective in some instances, may have caused adverse reactions in vaccinees, while oral administration often required high doses and resulted in short-term immunity. more recent studies describing new appr ... | 1998 | 9711805 |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease inactivates ctxphi. | pathogenic strains of vibrio cholerae are lysogens of the filamentous phage ctxphi, which carries the genes for cholera toxin (ctxab). we found that the titers of infective ctxphi in culture supernatants of el tor ctxphi lysogens increased rapidly during exponential growth but dropped to undetectable levels late in stationary-phase growth. when ctxphi transducing particles were mixed with stationary-phase culture supernatants of el tor strains, ctxphi infectivity was destroyed. our data indicate ... | 1998 | 9712742 |
| structure of the acidic polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide of shewanella alga 48055. | a lipopolysaccharide (lps) with an acidic polysaccharide chain was isolated from the bacterium shewanella alga strain 48055 and cleaved selectively at the glycosidic linkage of n-acetylneuraminic acid to give a tetrasaccharide. studies of the tetrasaccharide and the o-deacylated lps by 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, tocsy, noesy, rotating-frame noe spectroscopy (roesy), and h-detected 1h, 13c heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (hmqc) experiments, revealed the following str ... | 1998 | 9720241 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 bengal: combined physical and genetic map and comparative analysis with the genome of v. cholerae o1. | a combined physical and genetic map of the genome of strain sg24 of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, a novel non-o1 strain having epidemic potential, has been constructed by using the enzymes noti, sfii, and ceui. the genome of sg24 is circular, and the genome size is about 3. 57 mb. the linkages between 47 noti and 32 sfii fragments of v. cholerae sg24 genomic dna were determined by combining two approaches: (i) identification of fragments produced by enzyme i in fragments produced by enzyme ii by ... | 1998 | 9721290 |
| mutations in toxr and toxs that separate transcriptional activation from dna binding at the cholera toxin gene promoter. | toxr and toxs are integral membrane proteins that activate the transcription of virulence genes in vibrio cholerae. toxr can be separated into three different domains: an n-terminal cytoplasmic dna binding domain, a central transmembrane domain, and a c-terminal periplasmic domain. toxs is thought to enhance toxr-mediated transcriptional activation through a periplasmic interaction. by p22 challenge phage selection for dna binding, in combination with a screen for cholera toxin gene transcriptio ... | 1998 | 9721317 |
| spontaneous non-o1 vibrio cholerae peritonitis after raw oyster ingestion in a patient with cirrhosis. | 1998 | 9721969 | |
| characterisation of g serotype dependent non-antibody inhibitors of rotavirus in normal mouse serum. | serotype specific (non-immunoglobulin) inhibitors of rotavirus have been identified in normal mouse serum obtained from balb/c, cba, and bl10 mice. sialic acid was essential for the neutralising activity sera treated with the neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae failed to neutralise rotavirus. g serotypes 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were unaffected by the inhibitor(s) while g serotypes 1, 2, 6 and two g3 strains were neutralised to significant titres. assessment of neutralisation of reassortants suggest ... | 1998 | 9722874 |
| survival of vibrio spp. including inoculated v. cholerae 0139 during heat-treatment of cockles (anadara granosa). | the effect of heat-treatment on the internal temperature of raw cockles (anadara granosa) and survival of their intrinsic flora of vibrio spp. as well as of inoculated v. cholerae 0139 was examined. the cockles were purchased from markets in malaysia and had an average weight including shells of 8.90+/-2.45 g. in one experiment heatpenetration of individual cockles was examined. cockles weighing < 8 g (including shell) exhibited maximum internal temperatures of between 50 and 75 degrees c when h ... | 1998 | 9728687 |
| overexpression of a mutant b subunit in toxigenic vibrio cholerae diminishes production of active cholera toxin in vivo. | a mutant cholera toxin b subunit containing a g33e substitution was constructed and expressed in v. cholerae. the g33e amino acid substitution did not affect the amount of recombinant ctb secreted to the culture medium. the overexpression of the mutant b subunits in wild-type toxigenic cholera vibrios led to an 80% decrease in production of active cholera toxin in vitro and in vivo. overexpression of bg33e subunits could be instrumental in the increase of the biosafety of live attenuated cholera ... | 1998 | 9732528 |
| comparative tyrosine degradation in vibrio cholerae strains. the strain atcc 14035 as a prokaryotic melanogenic model of homogentisate-releasing cell. | the relationship between l-tyrosine catabolism and melanin formation was studied in the vibrio cholerae strains atcc 14035 and cect 557. it is shown that both strains degrade l-tyrosine by the same pathway as eukaryotic cells, giving homogentisate as intermediate. atcc 14035, an o1 strain, which is not able to grow using l-tyrosine as sole carbon and energy source, but it forms pyomelanin from homogentisate. the second strain, which is non-o1, is able to grow using l-tyrosine as sole carbon and ... | 1998 | 9734339 |
| a case of cholera. | 1998 | 9735546 | |
| comparison of the efficacy of tetracycline and norfloxacin in the treatment of acute severe watery diarrhea. | antibiotic treatment appears to shorten the duration of diarrhea and eradicate vibrio cholerae. the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of tetracycline with norfloxacin therapy in patients (adults and children) with acute severe watery diarrhea caused by vc 01 and vc 0139. patients (adults and children) with acute severe watery diarrhea admitted to bamrasnaradura infectious disease hospital, thailand were randomized to receive either tetracycline (500 mg qid in adults and 12.5 mg ... | 1998 | 9740281 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of the flagellin core protein and other genes encoding structural proteins of the vibrio cholerae flagellum. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum. motility is an important virulence factor for this non-invasive pathogen. we cloned and sequenced a locus in v. cholerae v86 (el tor, inaba) that contained five different structural genes of the flagellum. the cloned genes and their products were assigned names and functions based on homology with sequences of similar genes and their products from other related bacteria. all of these genes of v. cholerae v86, namely, flg ... | 1998 | 9742694 |
| re-emergence of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 during june-august, 1997 in yavatmal (maharashtra). | a clone of v. cholerae serogroup o139 which emerged as a novel epidemic strain, was reported from this region in 1993 as from many other parts of india and adjoining countries. the decline in the isolation rate of this organism in subsequent years was followed by a sudden increase in 1997, this requires careful monitoring. | 1998 | 9745210 |
| [a number of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated from aquatic environments]. | to estimated existence of vibrio cholerae non-o1 in aquatic environments, the organisms isolated from river, estuary and sea water. v. cholerae non-o1 isolated form midstream and estuary water could be counted from 1.6 to 2400 cfu/100 ml by the membrane filtrated method (mf). v. cholerae non-o1 existed in midstream water more than in estuary water. however, the isolated organisms from estuary rate by mf (37.5%) was lower than it by alkaline peptone enrichment medium method (ap) (75.0%), as a res ... | 1998 | 9745222 |
| characterization of outer membrane protein ompu of vibrio cholerae o1. | the outer membrane protein ompu of vibrio cholerae o1 strain 86b3 was characterized with reference to colonization of the intestine by the organism. the purified ompu exhibited a pi of 3.6. upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it migrated to 38, 32, and 110 kda when the sample was heated at 100 degrees c for 2 min, 50 degrees c for 15 min, and room temperature for 30 min, respectively. the purified ompu was not hemagglutinative. anti-ompu serum did not agglutinate stra ... | 1998 | 9746570 |
| microbiological and epidemiological investigation of cholera epidemic in ukraine during 1994 and 1995. | the ukraine cholera epidemic of 1994 and 1995 was caused by vibrio cholerae o1, serotype ogawa, biotype el tor. this epidemic was centred in the area around respublika krim (crimea) and mykolajiv, and spread to include parts of southern ukraine. cases of cholera occurred between september and november of 1994 and between june and october of 1995. the 32 fatalities among 1370 recorded cases (case fatality ratio, 2.3%) occurred throughout the course of the epidemic. v. cholerae from patients with ... | 1998 | 9747751 |
| investigation of the 1994-5 ukrainian vibrio cholerae epidemic using molecular methods. | thirty-seven vibrio cholerae and four non-cholera vibrio isolates from ukraine, including strains from the epidemic of 1994-5, were analysed by molecular methods. results from pfge and ribotyping indicated that all ukrainian toxigenic v. cholerae were closely related to each other and to an isolate from a patient from pakistan. a non-toxigenic river water strain obtained during the height of the epidemic was more distantly related to these v. cholerae strains, while the vibrio parahaemolyticus i ... | 1998 | 9747752 |
| the prevalence of vibrio spp. in drinking water and environmental samples in vellore south india. | the prevalence of vibrio cholerae in drinking water, lakes and sewage outfalls during july and august 1996 in vellore, india was determined. drinking water samples were collected on single occasions from 12 sites in different geographic areas of the town where cholera had been reported. samples of water, plankton and sediment were collected from fixed sites at three lakes on three occasions separated by at least 3 days during the course of the study. samples from open sewers were taken from two ... | 1998 | 9747757 |
| filamentous bacteriophages of vibrio parahaemolyticus as a possible clue to genetic transmission. | we have previously reported the isolation and characterization of two filamentous bacteriophages of vibrio parahaemolyticus, designated vf12 and vf33. in this study, to understand the potential of these phages as tools for genetic transmission, we investigated the gene structures of replicative-form (rf) dnas of their genomes and the distribution of these dnas on chromosomal and extrachromosomal dnas. the 7,965-bp nucleotide sequences of vf12 and vf33 were determined. an analysis of the overall ... | 1998 | 9748441 |
| identification of multiple sigma54-dependent transcriptional activators in vibrio cholerae. | in the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae, the alternate sigma factor sigma54 is required for expression of multiple sets of genes, including an unidentified gene(s) necessary for enhanced colonization within the host. to identify sigma54-dependent transcriptional activators involved in colonization, pcr was performed with v. cholerae chromosomal dna and degenerate primers, revealing six novel and distinct coding sequences with homology to sigma54-dependent activators. one sequence had high ho ... | 1998 | 9748465 |
| typing and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of vibrio cholerae during six consecutive cholera seasons in north india. | a total of 10,427 diarrhoeal stool specimens were cultured for vibrio cholerae between 1992 and 1997. the isolation rates were 2%, 2.6%, 6.7%, 7.08%, 0.9% and 2.6% in the years from 1992 to 1997 respectively. till 1992, vibrio cholerae 01 ogawa was the predominant strain. in 1993, 81.3% of the isolates were of 0139 bengal strain and the rest were v. cholerae 01. from 1994 to 1997, v. cholerae 01 ogawa was the predominant strain and there were no isolation of 0139 strain. the predominant phage ty ... | 1998 | 9752752 |
| [an autochthonous infection by vibrio cholerae non-01 and non-0139]. | 1998 | 9754251 | |
| vibrio cholerae o1 strain tsi-4 produces the exopolysaccharide materials that determine colony morphology, stress resistance, and biofilm formation. | vibrio cholerae o1 strain tsi-4 (el tor, ogawa) can shift to a rugose colony morphology from its normal translucent colony morphology in response to nutrient starvation. we have investigated differences between the rugose and translucent forms of v. cholerae o1 strain tsi-4. electron microscopic examination of the rugose form of tsi-4 (tsi-4/r) revealed thick, electron-dense exopolysaccharide materials surrounding polycationic ferritin-stained cells, while the ferritin-stained material was absen ... | 1998 | 9758780 |
| acid-sensitive enteric pathogens are protected from killing under extremely acidic conditions of ph 2.5 when they are inoculated onto certain solid food sources. | gastric acidity is recognized as the first line of defense against food-borne pathogens, and the ability of pathogens to resist this ph corresponds to their oral infective dose (id). naturally occurring and genetically engineered acid-sensitive enteric pathogens were examined for their ability to survive under acidic conditions of ph 2.5 for 2 h at 37 degreesc when inoculated onto ground beef. each of the strains displayed significantly high survival rates under these normally lethal conditions. ... | 1998 | 9758814 |
| [implications of bacterial protein toxins in infectious and food-borne diseases]. | among the 315 protein toxins elicited by gram positive and gram negative bacteria so far characterized, about 50 toxins are currently considered as totally or partially, responsible of the pathological manifestations and/or lethality resulting from host infection or intoxication (contaminated food) by relevant toxinogenic bacteria. a certain number of criteria are required for the assessment of indisputable involvement of a toxin or an array of toxins (from the same bacteria) in infectious disea ... | 1998 | 9759385 |
| [isolation of vibrio cholerae o1 from aquatic environments and foods in pernambuco state, brazil]. | incidence of vibrio cholerae o1 was studied in 2,585 samples from different aquatic environments and 91 from foods in pernambuco state, northeastern brazil, from 1992 to 1994. a total of 193 (7.21%) samples of v. cholerae were isolated with a higher prevalence of the inaba serovar (183-94.8%) than the ogawa serotype (10-5.1%). all isolates were classified as biotype el tor, and resistance patterns to antibiotics showed that all strains were susceptible tetracycline. some 70 random samples of vib ... | 1998 | 9761599 |
| aetiology of cholera in tamil nadu: recent observations. | vibrio cholerae was isolated from 1008 of 3496 stool samples (28.8%) examined in tamil nadu state, india, between november 1992 and december 1995. during november and december 1992, 363 of the 370 isolates serotyped (98%) were v. cholerae o139 (bengal). the epidemic predominantly affected adults (91%; 597/656). both v. cholerae o1 and o139 serotypes were sometimes isolated in the same locality from different individuals. from january 1993 onwards, the rate of isolation of v. cholerae o139 declin ... | 1998 | 9764321 |
| dual infection with vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139. | 1998 | 9764328 | |
| the escherichia coli relbe genes belong to a new toxin-antitoxin gene family. | toxin-antitoxin systems are defined as a group of plasmid- and chromosome-encoded loci that specify a cell toxin and a protein antitoxin. plasmid-encoded toxin-antitoxin systems stabilize their replicons by killing plasmid-free cells. here, we show that the relbe genes of escherichia coli k-12 have all the basic features previously connected with toxin-antitoxin systems: (i) rele encodes a cytotoxin lethal or inhibitory to host cells; (ii) relb encodes an antitoxin that prevents the lethal actio ... | 1998 | 9767574 |
| [cholera in a paris resident with no history of travel. a case report]. | cases of imported cholera are frequently observed, but cholera almost never occurs in subjects who have never travelled to an endemic area. in the last 30 years, 4 cases have been reported. we report an indigenous case diagnosed in paris in september 1996. | 1998 | 9768010 |
| the vibrio cholerae mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin is the receptor for a filamentous bacteriophage from v. cholerae o139. | we previously isolated from a 1994 isolate of vibrio cholerae o139 a filamentous lysogenic bacteriophage, choleraphage 493, which inhibits pre-o139 but not post-o139 el tor biotype v. cholerae strains in plaque assays. we investigated the role of the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) type iv pilus as a receptor in phage 493 infection. spontaneous, tn5 insertion, and msha deletion mutants are resistant to 493 infection. susceptibility is restored by msha complementation of deletion mutants. ... | 1998 | 9596713 |
| an epimerase gene essential for capsule synthesis in vibrio vulnificus. | the extracellular capsule polysaccharide (cps) of vibrio vulnificus is a primary virulence factor which allows survival of the bacteria in the human host. to study the genes involved in expression of the capsule, we generated mutants that lost the ability to produce cps following the insertion of a minitransposon into the genome of an encapsulated, clinical strain of v. vulnificus. a genomic region, from one nonencapsulated mutant, containing the transposon and flanking v. vulnificus dna was clo ... | 1998 | 9596722 |
| extracellular release of antigenic proteins by helicobacter pylori. | screening a helicobacter pylori genomic library with antisera raised against h. pylori broth culture supernatant resulted in the identification of six antigens: urease, hspb, lpp20, dnak, msra, and a cysteine-rich 28-kda protein (designated hcpa). h. pylori antigens may be released into the extracellular space by multiple mechanisms, including specific secretion pathways, autolysis, and membrane vesicle formation. | 1998 | 9596777 |
| endogenous nitric oxide in mdck-i cells modulates the vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin/protease (ha/p)-mediated cytotoxicity. | previously, we have shown that the vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin/protease (ha/p) accounts for significant remaining toxicity of cvd110, an attenuated v. cholerae 01 el tor live oral vaccine-strain. the present report demonstrates that endogenous nitric oxide (no) production modulates ha/p-mediated cytotoxicity in madin-darby canine kidney cell strain i (mdck-i) epithelial cells. the basal levels of endogenous no suppressed the cytotoxicity of ha/p, whereas inhibition of no production with nitro ... | 1998 | 9600864 |