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prevalence of salmonella and campylobacter on broiler chickens from farm to slaughter and efficiency of methods to remove visible fecal contamination.a study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of salmonella and campylobacter from farm to slaughter. the efficiency of trimming and water spray (490 to 588 kpa pressure) on the removal of visible fecal contamination from broiler carcasses before chilling was also investigated. drag swabs were used to sample litter from the farm houses. samples of ceca and carcasses without and with visible fecal contamination before and after trimming or spray washing of fecal contamination were taken dur ...201425364917
screening of genes expressed in vivo during interaction between chicken and campylobacter jejuni.chicken are considered as the most important source of human infection by campylobacter jejuni, which primarily arises from contaminated poultry meats. however, the genes expressed in vivo of the interaction between chicken and c. jejuni have not been screened. in this regard, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) was applied to identify expressed genes in vivo during interaction between chicken and c. jejuni, a prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide. chicken sera were obtained by inoculati ...201424225374
molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni human and chicken isolates from two health units.a study was conducted over a 2-year period in the perth district and wellington-dufferin-guelph health units in ontario, with an objective of using comparative genomic fingerprinting (cgf) with a 40-gene assay (cgf40) to investigate the association between human cases of campylobacteriosis and spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates from retail chicken. cgf results were available for isolates from 115 human cases and 718 retail chicken samples. these data were combined with cgf r ...201424219173
specificity of a udp-galnac pyranose-furanose mutase: a potential therapeutic target for campylobacter jejuni infections.pyranose-furanose mutases are essential enzymes in the life cycle of a number of microorganisms, but are absent in mammalian systems, and hence represent novel targets for drug development. to date, all such mutases show preferential recognition of a single substrate (e.g., udp-gal). we report here the detailed structural characterization of the first bifunctional pyranose-furanose mutase, which recognizes both udp-gal and udp-galnac. the enzyme under investigation (cjungm) is involved in the bi ...201424302429
campylobacter jejuni prevalence and hygienic quality of retail bovine ground meat in finland.detection of common genotypes of campylobacter jejuni among finnish human and bovine isolates, suggested that bovines may be a source for zoonotic camp. jejuni infection. in addition, a finnish epidemiological study implied the tasting and eating raw or undercooked beef as risk factors for acquiring campylobacteriosis. we therefore performed a study on the occurrence of camp. jejuni in retail bovine ground meat in helsinki by the use of both cultivation and pcr. during 2011 and 2012, 175 bovine ...201424299275
eucommia ulmoides oliv.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional chinese medicine.eucommia ulmoides oliv. (family eucommiaceae), also known as dù-zhòng (chinese: ), tuchong (in japanese), is the sole species of the genus eucommia. the leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many diseases in china, japan, korea, among others. the aim of this review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of eucommia ulmoides and to discuss ...201424296089
bile acid-controlled transgene expression in mammalian cells and mice.in recent years, using trigger-inducible mammalian gene switches to design sophisticated transcription-control networks has become standard practice in synthetic biology. these switches provide unprecedented precision, complexity and reliability when programming novel mammalian cell functions. metabolite-responsive repressors of human-pathogenic bacteria are particularly attractive for use in these orthogonal synthetic mammalian gene switches because the trigger compound sensitivity often matche ...201424280297
consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk and milk products by pregnant women and children.sales of raw or unpasteurized milk and milk products are still legal in at least 30 states in the united states. raw milk and milk products from cows, goats, and sheep continue to be a source of bacterial infections attributable to a number of virulent pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella species, brucella species, and escherichia coli o157. these infections can occur in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals, including older adults, infants, youn ...201424344105
a modified molecular beacons-based multiplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of eight foodborne pathogens in a single reaction and its application.foodborne disease outbreaks are often caused by one of the major pathogens. early identification of the causal pathogen is crucial for disease control and prevention. we describe a real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr) assay that can identify, in a single reaction, up to eight common foodborne bacterial pathogens, including salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus, campylobacter jejuni, enterobacter sakazakii ...201424328501
semi-automatic selection of summary statistics for abc model choice.a central statistical goal is to choose between alternative explanatory models of data. in many modern applications, such as population genetics, it is not possible to apply standard methods based on evaluating the likelihood functions of the models, as these are numerically intractable. approximate bayesian computation (abc) is a commonly used alternative for such situations. abc simulates data x for many parameter values under each model, which is compared to the observed data x obs. more weig ...201424323893
antibacterial and antioxidant activities in extracts of fully grown cladodes of 8 cultivars of cactus pear.the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some cultivars of the nopal cactus have not been determined. in this study, 8 cultivars of nopal cacti from mexico were assayed for phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholera, and clostridium perfringens. plant material was washed, dried, and macerated in methanol. minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. antioxidant acti ...201424621296
detection and characterization of campylobacter spp. from 40 dairy cattle herds in quebec, canada.dairy cattle are considered a campylobacter reservoir in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis. currently, very little data on the prevalence of campylobacter in dairy herds are available in the province of quebec, canada. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of campylobacter associated with management practices in 40 dairy cattle herds as well as to characterize the bacterial genetic diversity. fecal samples from 797 lactating cows of 40 dairy farms, water provided to a ...201424617502
characterization and reactivity of broiler chicken sera to selected recombinant campylobacter jejuni chemotactic proteins.campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative rod bacterium, is the leading causative agent of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. consumption and handling of raw or undercooked poultry are regarded as a major source for human infection. because bacterial chemotaxis guides microorganisms to colonization and invasion in the host cells, proteins involved in chemotactic processes can be novel targets for vaccine development. in this communication, we report amplification, cloning and expressio ...201424609189
effects of commercial marinade seasoning and a natural blend of cultured sugar and vinegar on campylobacter jejuni and salmonella typhimurium and the texture of chicken breasts.marination using various ingredients has been widely used to improve microbial safety and quality of chicken products at retail markets. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of commercial marinade seasoning and cultured sugar/vinegar blend on campylobacter jejuni and salmonella typhimurium populations during refrigerated storage. in addition, their effects on the texture of precooked chicken breasts during frozen and refrigerated storage was investigated. chicken breasts in ...201424604867
health risk assessment for splash parks that use rainwater as source water.in the netherlands, rainwater becomes more and more popular as an economic and environmentally sustainable water source for splash parks, however, the associated public health risk and underlying risk factors are unknown. since splash parks have been associated with outbreaks of infectious diseases, a quantitative microbial risk assessment was performed using legionella pneumophila as a target pathogen to quantify the risk of infection for exposure due to inhalation and campylobacter jejuni for ...201424576701
comparative proteomic label-free analysis of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 cultured with porcine mucin.campylobacter jejuni is a major gastrointestinal pathogen in humans. poultry is a primary reservoir for c. jejuni, and c. jejuni appears to be highly adapted to the gastrointestinal tracts of avian species. we determined the protein expression profiles of c. jejuni nctc 11168 cultured in medium containing porcine mucin. differentially expressed proteins in the presence and absence of porcine mucin were identified using the label-free method. we identified 52 proteins with expression that was eit ...201424552179
the evidence for clonal spreading of quinolone resistance with a particular clonal complex of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter is the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and it represents a significant public health risk of increasing severity due to its escalating resistance to clinically important quinolone and macrolide antibiotics. as a zoonotic pathogen campylobacter is transmitted along the food chain and naturally cycles from environmental waters, feedstuff, animals and food to humans. we determined antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as multilocus sequence types and flaa ...201424534165
reduction of microbiological risk in minced meat by a combination of natural antimicrobials.responsibility for food safety must be taken through the entire food-production chain, to avoid consumer cross-contamination. the antimicrobial activities of an alpinia katsumadai seed extract and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), and their combination, were evaluated against individual food-borne pathogenic strains of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni, individually and as a cocktail, in chicken-meat juice and sterile minced meat as food models, and in minced meat ...201424532379
structure of an unusual s-adenosylmethionine synthetase from campylobacter jejuni.s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) participates in a wide range of methylation and other group-transfer reactions and also serves as the precursor for two groups of quorum-sensing molecules that function as regulators of the production of virulence factors in gram-negative bacteria. the synthesis of adomet is catalyzed by adomet synthetases (mats), a ubiquitous family of enzymes found in species ranging from microorganisms to mammals. the adomet synthetase from the bacterium campylobacter jejuni (cjm ...201424531478
use of synthetic genes for cloning, production and functional expression of the bacteriocins enterocin a and bacteriocin e 50-52 by pichia pastoris and kluyveromyces lactis.the use of synthetic genes may constitute a successful approach for the heterologous production and functional expression of bacterial antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) by recombinant yeasts. in this work, synthetic genes with adapted codon usage designed from the mature amino acid sequence of the bacteriocin enterocin a (enta), produced by enterococcus faecium t136, and the mature bacteriocin e 50-52 (bace50-52), produced by e. faecium nrrl b-32746, were synthesized. the synthetic enta and ...201424510220
proteomic identification of immunodominant membrane-related antigens in campylobacter jejuni associated with sheep abortion.campylobacter jejuni clone sa is the predominant agent inducing sheep abortion and a zoonotic agent causing gastroenteritis in humans in the united states. in an attempt to identify antigens of clone sa that may be useful for vaccine development, immunoproteomic analyses were conducted to characterize the membrane proteome of c. jejuni clone sa. 2-de of c. jejuni membrane-related proteins was followed by immunoblotting analyses using convalescent sera that were derived from ewes naturally infect ...201424487037
synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of n-terminal analogues of the antimicrobial peptide tridecaptin a(1).chemical synthesis was used to increase the potency of the antimicrobial lipopeptide tridecaptin a1. lipid tail modification proved to be an ideal platform for synthesizing structurally simpler analogues that are not readily accessible by isolation. the stereochemical elements of the tridecaptin a1 lipid tail are not essential for antimicrobial activity and could be replaced with hydrophobic aliphatic or aromatic groups. some simpler analogues displayed potent antimicrobial activity against gram ...201424479847
characterization and antigenicity of recombinant campylobacter jejuni flagellar capping protein flid.campylobacter jejuni, a flagellated, spiral-rod, gram-negative bacterium, is the leading pathogen of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and chickens are regarded as a major reservoir of this micro-organism. bacterial flagella, composed of more than 35 proteins, play important roles in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken caeca. in this study, the flagellar capping protein, flid, encoded by the flid gene, from the campylobacter jenuni d1-39 isolate was express ...201424445509
on the fiftieth anniversary. postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms related to pathogens.gastrointestinal (gi) infections resulting from bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens predispose to postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) and other functional gi disorders. existing literature supports the role of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia, serotonin synthesis and reuptake, impaired barrier function, altered immune activation, and potentially mast cell activation in the pathophysiology of pi-ibs.201424438587
a single nucleotide in the promoter region modulates the expression of the β-lactamase oxa-61 in campylobacter jejuni.despite prevalent β-lactam resistance in campylobacter jejuni, an important zoonotic enteric pathogen, the molecular basis of β-lactamase-mediated β-lactam resistance is still largely unknown. in particular, some c. jejuni strains that carry β-lactamase gene blaoxa-61 (cj0299) are still susceptible to β-lactams with undetected β-lactamase activity, suggesting blaoxa-61 is subjected to regulation. the objective of this study was to determine the regulatory mechanism of β-lactamase in c. jejuni.201424408987
double-locus sequence typing using pora and peb1a for epidemiological studies of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. bacterial typing schemes play an important role in epidemiological investigations to trace the source and route of transmission of the infectious agent by identifying outbreak and differentiating among sporadic infections. in this study, a double-locus sequence typing (dlst) scheme for c. jejuni based on concatenated partial sequences of pora and peb1a genes is proposed. the dlst scheme was validated usin ...201424404778
methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins 3 and 4 are responsible for campylobacter jejuni chemotaxis and jejuna colonization in mice in response to sodium deoxycholate.methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcps), also termed transducer-like proteins (tlps), serve as sensors in bacterial chemotactic signalling, and detect attractants and promote bacterial movement towards suitable sites for colonization. campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of human enteritis, but the mechanisms responsible for bacterial chemotaxis and early colonization in the jejunum of hosts are poorly understood. in the present study, we identified several types of bile and sodium deoxyc ...201424403598
isolation of campylobacter from human stool samples.campylobacter is an undetected cause of diarrhoea especially under 5 years of age in most of the countries. isolation of this organism is difficult, expensive and cumbersome.201424399385
prevalence, concentration and genotypes of campylobacter jejuni in faeces from dairy herds managed in farm systems with or without housing.to determine the faecal excretion of campylobacter jejuni by dairy cows that used housing in combination with outdoor grazing.201424372778
[frequency of antibodies to the recombinant protein p39 of c. jejuni in patients with gastrointestinal disorders and reactive arthritis in poland].campylobacterjejuni is has been found to be the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. clinical manifestation on enterocolitis caused by c. jejuni are diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and in some patients, fecal blood. after c. jejuni infection, squeals may occur such as reactive arthritis. the aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of antibodies to the recombinant protein p39 sticks c. jejuni in patients with gastrointestinal disorders and reactive arthritis in poland.201425804073
guillain-barré syndrome in asia.over the past 20 years, the most notable advance in understanding guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has been the identification of an axonal variant. this advance arose chiefly through studies undertaken in east asian countries and comprised two major aspects: first, the immunopathogenesis of axonal gbs related to anti-ganglioside antibodies and molecular mimicry of campylobacter jejuni; and second, the observation that distinct electrophysiological patterns of axonal gbs existed, reflecting reversi ...201424357682
use of in vivo-induced antigen technology to identify in vivo-expressed genes of campylobacter jejuni during human infection.campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide. human infection by c. jejuni primarily arises from contaminated poultry meats. genes expressed in vivo may play an important role in the pathogenicity of c. jejuni. we applied an immunoscreening method, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat), to identify in vivo-induced genes during human infection by c. jejuni. an inducible expression library of genomic proteins was constructed from sequenced c. jejuni nctc 11168 and was then ...201424346471
campylobacter jejuni strain discrimination and temperature-dependent glycome expression profiling by lectin microarray.gram-negative campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide and the most frequently identified infectious trigger in patients developing guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). while c. jejuni is pathogenic in humans, it is a commensal in avian hosts. bacterial cell surface carbohydrates are important virulence factors and play roles in adherence, colonisation and infection. the mechanisms leading to infection or persistent colonisation of c. jejuni are not we ...201424680511
genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry and humans in turkey.in this study, the investigation of clonal relations between human and poultry campylobacter jejuni isolates and the determination of susceptibilities of isolates to various antibiotics were aimed. a total of 200 c. jejuni isolates concurrently obtained from 100 chicken carcasses and 100 humans were genotyped by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and automated repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr (rep-pcr, diversilab system) methods and were tested for their susceptibility to six antib ...201424667316
a combination of mlst and crispr typing reveals dominant campylobacter jejuni types in organically farmed laying hens.to elucidate the campylobacter jejuni population in organically farmed laying hens in finland, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was combined with characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) sequences.201424655229
identification of a protein glycosylation operon from campylobacter jejuni jcm 2013 and its heterologous expression in escherichia coli.campylobacter jejuni is a human enteropathogenic bacterium possessing an n-glycosylation system. in this work, a protein glycosylation (pgl) operon conferring prokaryotic n-glycosylation in c. jejuni jcm 2013 was cloned and identified. fourteen open reading frames (orfs) were found in the pgl operon. the operon organization was similar to that of c. jejuni nctc 11168, with 98% and 99% identities in overall nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, respectively. the pgl operon was heterologous ...201424650731
a capsule conjugate vaccine approach to prevent diarrheal disease caused by campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrheal disease and results in high levels of morbidity and economic loss in both industrialized and developing regions of the world. to date, prior vaccine approaches have failed to confer protection against this enteric pathogen. key challenges to the development of a practical campylobacter vaccine for human use include a lack of understanding of campylobacter pathogenesis and well-defined immune correlates of protection. with the discovery that c. j ...201424632556
food safety in raw milk production: risk factors associated to bacterial dna contamination.while human illness from milkborne pathogens may be linked to contamination of the product after pasteurization or improper pasteurization, such diseases are usually associated with consumption of raw milk or its by-products. molecular biology tools were applied to investigate contamination by listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., some pathogenic strains of escherichia coli, and campylobacter jejuni in 548 raw milk samples from 125 dairy farms established in two regions from southern brazil. ...201424715203
water quality monitoring and risk assessment by simultaneous multipathogen quantification.water quality monitoring and microbial risk assessment are important to ensure safe water for drinking, recreational, and agricultural purposes. in this study, we applied a microfluidic quantitative pcr (mfqpcr) approach to simultaneously quantify multiple waterborne pathogens in a natural freshwater lake in hokkaido, japan, from april to november, 2012. tens of thousands of geese stopped over at this lake during their migration in spring and fall. because lake water is used for irrigation of th ...201424702133
detection of salmonella spp. by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method targeting bcfd gene.in this study, we developed and validated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for salmonella detection targeting bcfd gene, a conserved fimbrial operon gene existing in salmonella. the salmonella lamp assay we developed successfully amplified 44 salmonella strains (14 standard strains and 30 clinical isolates), but none of 9 non-salmonella standard strains (proteus mirabilis, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, k ...201425199410
[identification and molecular subtyping of campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken carcass].to characterize and investigate the molecular types of campylobacter jejuni isolated from slaughter chicken carcass, which would provide scientific data for campylobacter food poisoning traceability.201425199290
development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid, sensitive detection of campylobacter jejuni in cattle farm samples.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne disease worldwide. the detection of this organism in cattle and their environment is important for the control of c. jejuni transmission and the prevention of campylobacteriosis. here, we describe the development of a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of c. jejuni in naturally contaminated cattle farm samples, based on real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) of the hipo gene. the lamp assay was specific (10 ...201425198853
distribution of campylobacter jejuni capsular types, 2007-2012, philadelphia, pa.the distribution of campylobacter jejuni capsular serotypes in the philadelphia region from 2007 to 2012 was determined using molecular methods. compared with the last u.s. survey in 1990, there does not appear to be a major shift in circulating capsular types.201425192792
multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of campylobacter from stool specimen.this was a study to prospectively evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to identify campylobacter. multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on cadf, hipo & asp gene for campylobacter genus, c. jejuni & c. coli were tested for detection of campylobacter jejuni & c. coli in naturally infected faecal samples of human. all the samples were subjected to the cultural isolation of organism and biochemical characterization. the samples resulted in t ...201425178595
longitudinal prevalence, faecal shedding and molecular characterisation of campylobacter spp. and salmonella enterica in sheep.faecal excretion of campylobacter spp. and salmonella enterica in sheep in australia was determined using a quantitative multiplex pcr (qpcr) targeting the campylobacter spp. purine biosynthesis gene (pura) and the s. enterica outer membrane protein (ompf). the mutiplex qpcr was specific and campylobacter spp. and s. enterica were each detected with a sensitivity of 5 organisms/µl faecal dna extract. this multiplex qpcr was used to determine the prevalence and concentration of campylobacter spp. ...201425175721
clinical features of bacteremia due to campylobacter jejuni.the clinical features of bacteremia due to campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) have yet to be fully elucidated.201425175126
a spot polymorphism correlates with chill stress survival and is prevalent in clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni.resistance of campylobacter jejuni to environmental stress is regarded as a risk factor for the transmission of c. jejuni from poultry or poultry products to humans. so far, the mechanisms underlying the capacity of c. jejuni to survive environmental stress conditions are not fully understood. in this study, we searched for polymorphisms in c. jejuni genes, potentially involved in resistance to chill stress. to this end, we assessed 3 groups of c. jejuni isolates (clinical, retail chicken meat, ...201425172931
[evaluation of immunological efficiency induced by campylobacter jejuni peb1 dna combined with peb1 protein in mice].to explore the improved immunological responses induced by an amino acid abc transporter, permease protein peb1 dna vaccine primer-protein boost immunization method against campylobacter jejuni.201424909276
the effects of temperature and innate immunity on transmission of campylobacter jejuni (campylobacterales: campylobacteraceae) between life stages of musca domestica (diptera: muscidae).the house fly (musca domestica l.) is a well-established vector of human pathogens, including campylobacter spp., which can cause infection of broiler chicken flocks, and through contaminated broiler meat can cause outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in humans. we investigated whether campylobacter jejuni (jones) could be transferred between life stages of m. domestica (larvae-pupae-adults) and determined bacterial counts of c. jejuni at different time points after bacterial exposure. c. jejuni was ...201424897861
role of environmental survival in transmission of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter species are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, with c. jejuni responsible for the majority of these cases. although it is clear that livestock, and particularly poultry, are the most common source, it is likely that the natural environment (soil and water) plays a key role in transmission, either directly to humans or indirectly via farm animals. it has been shown using multilocus sequence typing that some clonal complexes (such as st-45) are more frequently isolat ...201424888326
campylobacter jejuni cell lysates differently target mitochondria and lysosomes on hela cells.campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. the synthesis of cytolethal distending toxin appears essential in the infection process. in this work we evaluated the sequence of lethal events in hela cells exposed to cell lysates of two distinct strains, c. jejuni atcc 33291 and c. jejuni iss3. c. jejuni cell lysates (cclys) were added to hela cell monolayers which were analysed to detect dna content, death features, bcl-2 and p53 status, mitochondria/lysos ...201424880782
rapid identification of campylobacter jejuni from poultry carcasses and slaughtering environment samples by real-time pcr.the objective of this study was to develop a real-time pcr assay for rapid identification of campylobacter jejuni and to apply the method in analyzing samples from poultry processing. a c. jejuni-specific primer set targeting a portion of the c. jejuni hippuricase gene was developed. the specificity of the newly designed primer pair was verified using 5 c. jejuni strains and 20 other bacterial strains. sensitivity was determined to be as low as 1 genome copy per reaction. a total of 73 samples w ...201424879709
impact of acquired immunity and dose-dependent probability of illness on quantitative microbial risk assessment.dose-response models in microbial risk assessment consider two steps in the process ultimately leading to illness: from exposure to (asymptomatic) infection, and from infection to (symptomatic) illness. most data and theoretical approaches are available for the exposure-infection step; the infection-illness step has received less attention. furthermore, current microbial risk assessment models do not account for acquired immunity. these limitations may lead to biased risk estimates. we consider ...201424835622
campylobacter jejuni influences the expression of nutrient transporter genes in the intestine of chickens.the gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier against pathogens. however, the interaction of campylobacter with intestinal epithelial cells and its effects on the intestinal function of chickens are poorly studied. therefore, the goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of c. jejuni oral infection on the mrna expression of nutrient transporters in the intestine. newly hatched specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were orally infected with c. jejuni (nctc 12744; 1 × 10( ...201424834798
the cys78-asn88 loop region of the campylobacter jejuni cstii is essential for α2,3-sialyltransferase activity: analysis of the his85 mutants.cstii is a bifunctional sialyltransferase from campylobacter jejuni that is active as a tetramer. cstiis from different strains show substantial differences in enzyme activities (mono- versus bi-functional) and kinetic parameters. crystal structures of cstii show that his85, conserved in cstiis from different strains is part of an 11-residue loop that abuts the extended acceptor-binding site and is also part of the subunit interface. in this study, the role of his85 in the activity of cstii has ...201424817703
the cj0588 protein is a campylobacter jejuni rna methyltransferase.tlya proteins belong to 2'-o-methyltransferases. methylation is a common posttranscriptional rna modification. the campylobacter jejuni cj0588 protein belongs to the tlya(i) protein family and is a rrna methyltransferase. methylation of ribosomal rna catalyzed by cj0588 appears to have an impact on the biology of the cell. presence of the cj0588 gene in bacteria appears to be important for ribosome stability and virulence properties. absence of the cj0588 protein causes accumulation of the 50s r ...201424796671
decay of genetic markers for fecal bacterial indicators and pathogens in sand from lake superior.beach sands impact water quality and pathogen loads, however, the comparative decay of the fecal indicator bacteria (fib) enterococcus spp. and escherichia coli, and pathogens in freshwater sand have not been examined. in this study, freshwater sand microcosms were inoculated with sewage and pure cultures of bacterial pathogens to compare relative decay rates. the abundance of culturable enterococcus spp. and e. coli, genetic markers for enterococcus spp. (entero1), total bacteroides (allbac), a ...201424793108
[virulence-associated gene detection and eric-pcr typing of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from foods in four southern chinese provinces].to know food contamination and genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni in four provinces of south china, and to provide data for c. jejuni-associated foodborne disease prevention and control.201424783850
cerebral trauma, campylobacter jejuni infection, and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium mediated guillain-barré syndrome in a chinese patient: a rare case event. 201424763774
rapid and high-throughput identification of recombinant bacteria with mass spectrometry assay.to construct a rapid and high-throughput assay for identifying recombinant bacteria based on mass spectrometry.201424758753
protease-resistant single-domain antibodies inhibit campylobacter jejuni motility.camelid heavy-chain antibody variable domains (vhhs) are emerging as potential antimicrobial reagents. we have engineered a previously isolated vhh (flagv1m), which binds campylobacter jejuni flagella, for greater thermal and proteolytic stability. mutants of flagv1m were obtained from an error-prone polymerase chain reaction library that was panned in the presence of gastrointestinal (gi) proteases. additional flagv1m mutants were obtained through disulfide-bond engineering. each approach produ ...201424742504
c-reactive protein in patients with guillain barré syndrome.c-reactive protein (crp) is an acute phase reactant, widely used as a biomarker for various infectious and inflammatory conditions. guillain-barrι syndrome (gbs) is an acute, autoimmune, polyradiculoneuropathy, triggered by infectious agents such as campylobacter jejuni. gbs is generally precipitated 1-3 weeks following c. jejuni infection which suggests a humoral immunopathogenic mechanism.201424739831
temporal and farm-management-associated variation in faecal pat prevalence of arcobacter spp. in ruminants.in a 2-year longitudinal study of adult animals on 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in lancashire, uk, arcobacter spp. were isolated from all farms although not at every sampling occasion. faecal samples were collected and cultured using standard techniques for isolation of campylobacters. assignment to species was via pcr assays. apparent prevalence of arcobacter spp. was higher in dairy cattle compared to sheep (40.1% vs. 8%, p < 0.001) and in housed cattle compared to cattle at pasture (50 ...201423830295
binational outbreak of guillain-barré syndrome associated with campylobacter jejuni infection, mexico and usa, 2011.in june 2011, a cluster of suspected cases of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), which can follow campylobacter jejuni infection, was identified in san luis río colorado (slrc), sonora, mexico and yuma county, arizona, usa. an outbreak investigation identified 26 patients (18 from sonora, eight from arizona) with onset of gbs 4 may-21 july 2011, exceeding the expected number of cases (n = 1-2). twenty-one (81%) patients reported antecedent diarrhoea, and 61% of 18 patients tested were seropositive f ...201423924442
campylobacter infection associated with consumption of duck liver pâté: a retrospective cohort study in the setting of near universal exposure.a retrospective cohort study was performed following several reported cases of gastrointestinal illness after a catered event. the attack rate was 45/77 (58·4%) by clinical case definition, with four individuals confirmed to have campylobacter. there was near universal exposure to most foodstuffs served; consumption of duck liver pâté [relative risk (rr) 2·53, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1·05-6·10], mixed leaf salad (rr 2·91, 95% ci 1·22-6·92) and table water (rr undefined, p < 0·01) were assoc ...201423953682
estimation of infectious risks in residential populations exposed to airborne pathogens during center pivot irrigation of dairy wastewaters.in the western united states where dairy wastewaters are commonly land applied, there are concerns over individuals being exposed to airborne pathogens. in response, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) was performed to estimate infectious risks after inhalation exposure of pathogens aerosolized during center pivot irrigation of diluted dairy wastewaters. the dispersion of pathogens (campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 e. coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonel ...201424697271
campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains.multilocus sequence types (sts) were determined for 232 and 737 campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates from dutch travellers and domestically acquired cases, respectively. putative risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis, and for domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic sts (putatively carried by returning travellers), were investigated. travelling to asia, africa, latin america and the caribbean, and southern europe significantly increased the risk of acquiring campyloba ...201423962634
increased incidence of campylobacter jejuni-associated guillain-barré syndromes in the greater paris area.the role of campylobacter jejuni as the triggering agent of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has not been reassessed since the end of the 1990s in france. we report that the number of c. jejuni-related gbs cases increased continuously between 1996 and 2007 in the paris region (mean annual increment: 7%, p = 0·007).201424107359
cow's milk with active immunoglobulins against campylobacter jejuni: effects of temperature on immunoglobulin activity.adult holstein cows were injected with an antiserum against campylobacter jejuni and immunoglobulin activities in vitro were determined in blood and milk several weeks after injection. the immunoactivity of immunoglobulins in milk was measured by an elisa after different temperature-time treatments (60-91°c and 4-3600 s) at laboratory and pilot-plant scales. kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined.201424105722
quantitative assessment of infection risk from exposure to waterborne pathogens in urban floodwater.flooding and heavy rainfall have been associated with waterborne infectious disease outbreaks, however, it is unclear to which extent they pose a risk for public health. here, risks of infection from exposure to urban floodwater were assessed using quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra). to that aim, urban floodwaters were sampled in the netherlands during 23 events in 2011 and 2012. the water contained campylobacter jejuni (prevalence 61%, range 14- >10(3) mpn/l), giardia spp. (35%, 0.1- ...201424095592
chest pain and diarrhea: a case of campylobacter jejuni-associated myocarditis.diarrhea and chest pain are common symptoms in patients presenting to the emergency department (ed). however, rarely is a relationship between these two symptoms established in a single patient.201424188611
energetics of pathogenic bacteria and opportunities for drug development.the emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens and our inability to develop new antimicrobials to overcome resistance has inspired scientists to consider new targets for drug development. cellular bioenergetics is an area showing promise for the development of new antimicrobials, particularly in the discovery of new anti-tuberculosis drugs where several new compounds have entered clinical trials. in this review, we have examined the bioenergetics of various bacterial pathogens, highlightin ...201425476763
sensitivity of quantitative microbial risk assessments to assumptions about exposure to multiple consumption events per day.quantitative microbial risk assessments (qmras) of contaminated drinking water usually assume the daily intake volume is consumed once a day. however, individuals could consume water at multiple time points over 1 day, so the objective was to determine if the number of consumption events per day impacted the risk of infection from campylobacter jejuni during short-term contamination events. a probabilistic hydraulic and risk model was used to evaluate the impact of multiple consumption events as ...201425473982
chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of six essentials oils from the alliaceae family.six essential oils (eos) from the alliaceae family, namely garlic (allium sativum), onion (allium cepa), leek (allium porrum), chinese chive (allium tuberosum), shallot (allium ascalonicum) and chive (allium schoenoprasum) were characterized by gc and gc-ms and evaluated for their functional food properties. antibacterial properties were tested on five food-borne pathogens: two gram-positive staphylococcus aureus (atcc 25923), listeria monocytogenes (atcc 19115) and three gram-negative salmonell ...201425470273
campylobacter jejuni, an uncommon cause of splenic abscess diagnosed by 16s rrna gene sequencing.splenic abscess is a rare disease that primarily occurs in patients with splenic trauma, endocarditis, sickle cell anemia, or other diseases that compromise the immune system. this report describes a culture-negative splenic abscess in an immunocompetent patient caused by campylobacter jejuni, as determined by 16s rrna gene sequencing.201425447730
an outbreak of campylobacter enteritis associated with a community water supply on a u.s. military installation.an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis involving 249 persons, 32% of whom were hospitalized, occurred on a u.s. army installation in 1990. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 81 of 163 (50%) persons cultured. seventeen isolates of c. jejuni available for serotyping were lior serotype 5. the outbreak remained restricted to one recruit barracks area and adjacent junior reserve officer training corps cadet barracks. infection of sequential cohorts of recruits over an interval of 3 weeks suggested ...201425436877
bacterial pathogen gene abundance and relation to recreational water quality at seven great lakes beaches.quantitative assessment of bacterial pathogens, their geographic variability, and distribution in various matrices at great lakes beaches are limited. quantitative pcr (qpcr) was used to test for genes from e. coli o157:h7 (eaeo157), shiga-toxin producing e. coli (stx2), campylobacter jejuni (mapa), shigella spp. (ipah), and a salmonella enterica-specific (se) dna sequence at seven great lakes beaches, in algae, water, and sediment. overall, detection frequencies were mapa>stx2>ipah>se>eaeo157. ...201425423586
genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni isolates from korea and travel-associated cases from east and southeast asian countries.forty domestic and travel-associated campylobacter jejuni isolates were analyzed by profiling 7 pathogenic genes (cdtb, cadf, cj0131, ciab, racr, wlan, and virb11) along with multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. cdtb, cadf, and cj0131 were present in all isolates, whereas virb11 was not detected in either domestic or travel-associated isolates. ciab was present in all domestic isolates and 94% of travel-associated isolates. the respective detection rates of ...201425410568
comparison of two methods of bacterial dna extraction from human fecal samples contaminated with clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, and campylobacter jejuni.in this study, 2 methods of dna extraction were evaluated for use in conjunction with the screening system rapid foodborne bacterial screening 24 (rfbs24), which employs multiplex real-time sybr green polymerase chain reaction (sg-pcr) and can simultaneously detect 24 target genes of foodborne pathogens in fecal dna samples. the qiaamp dna stool mini kit (qkit) and ultra clean fecal dna isolation kit (ukit) were used for bacterial dna extraction from fecal samples artificially inoculated with cl ...201425410559
comparison of intestinal bacterial populations between two dairy cattle herds colonized or not by campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen. it can be isolated from bovine feces and its presence is influenced by farm characteristics and management practices. the impact of the bovine gut microbiota on the presence of c. jejuni is poorly documented. two herds of lactating cows were selected: one where c. jejuni was not detected in 20 animals and the other where 55% of the sampled animals (11/20) were contaminated by c. jejuni. the bacterial diversity of bovine feces from these tw ...201425405278
tyrosine 110 plays a critical role in regulating the allosteric inhibition of campylobacter jejuni dihydrodipicolinate synthase by lysine.dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhdps), an enzyme found in most bacteria and plants, controls a critical step in the biosynthesis of l-lysine and meso-diaminopimelate, necessary components for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. dhdps catalyzes the condensation of pyruvate and (s)-aspartate-β-semialdehyde, forming an unstable product that is dehydrated to dihydrodipicolinate. the tetrameric enzyme is allosterically inhibited by l-lysine, and a better understanding of the allosteric inhibition mechan ...201425369463
[preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against cytolethal distending toxin protein of campylobacter jejuni].to express campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin b protein (cdtb) in a prokaryote to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the protein, and to study their antitoxic effects.201425345028
unacylated tridecaptin a₁ acts as an effective sensitiser of gram-negative bacteria to other antibiotics.a derivative of the linear cationic lipopeptide tridecaptin a₁missing the n-terminal lipophilic acyl group, termed h-tria₁, is devoid of antimicrobial activity but is extremely effective at sensitising gram-negative bacteria to certain antibiotics. h-tria₁has low cytotoxicity compared with the natural peptide and in low concentrations it can substantially lower the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of some antibiotics against strains of escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni and klebsiella ...201425315408
bacteremia due to campylobacter in renal transplantation: a case report and review of literature.campylobacter species are the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in industrialized countries. however, bacteremia is detected in <1% of patients with campylobacter enteritis and is most likely to occur in patients who are immunocompromised or of older age. to our knowledge, only 2 cases of campylobacter jejuni bacteremia have been reported in renal transplant recipients (rtrs). we present a case of an rtr with c. jejuni bacteremia presenting as self-limiting diarrhea followed by fever and ...201425296529
[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a child with low adamts13 enzyme level].thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) is a rare condition, but important to consider in case of thrombocytopenia and haemolysis. it is imperative to proceed with the correct treatment, in order to ensure a satisfactory outcome. ttp is either acquired or idiopathic. this case report shows that a 14-year-old boy has acquired ttp due to an infection with campylobacter jejuni and samonella szentes. plasma exchange plays an essential role in the treatment of ttp.201425293573
microbiological analysis of environmental samples collected from child care facilities in north and south carolina.children cared for outside the home are at an increased risk of enteric disease. microbiological analyses were performed on environmental samples collected from child care facilities in north and south carolina.201425278392
formate dehydrogenase localization and activity are dependent on an intact twin arginine translocation system (tat) in campylobacter jejuni 81-176.the oxidation of formate constitutes a main energy source for campylobacter jejuni, an important foodborne pathogen. formate occurs in the hosts' gut as a byproduct of fermentation, which may contribute to c. jejuni's adaptation to that niche. c. jejuni possesses a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase (fdh) that facilitates the metabolism of formate. in c. jejuni nctc-11168, a poorly invasive strain, fdh localizes to the periplasm via the twin arginine translocation (tat) system, and the fdha encod ...201425268895
campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia in a patient presenting with gastroenteritis. 201425233982
improved isolation protocol to detect high molecular weight polysaccharide structures of campylobacter jejuni.simple detection of high molecular weight, lps-like structures of campylobacter jejuni is still an unsolved problem. a phenol-free extraction method for the detection of hmw polysaccharide was developed without the need for western blot. this method provides a reliable technique for large-scale screening and comparative characterization study of different isolates.201425229649
evaluation of passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder against intestinal colonization of campylobacter jejuni in chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in human. chickens are the reservoir host of c. jejuni, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of human infection. therefore, control of c. jejuni in chickens can have direct effect on human health. in this study we tested the passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of the chicken egg-yolk-derived antibodies, in the form of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder (heyp), against 7 colonization-associated proteins of c ...201425214556
escherichia coli as a glycoprotein production host: recent developments and challenges.chinese hamster ovary cells are the most popular host expression system for the large-scale production of human therapeutic glycoproteins, but, the race to engineer escherichia coli to perform glycosylation is gathering pace. the successful functional transfer of an n-glycosylation pathway from campylobacter jejuni to escherichia coli in 2002 can be considered as the crucial first engineering step. here, we discuss the recent advancements in the field of n-glycosylation of recombinant therapeuti ...201425156401
glycoconjugates and neuroimmunological diseases.a wide range of neuroimmunological diseases affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. these disorders are caused by autoimmune attack directed against structurally and functionally diverse nervous system antigens. one such category comprises peripheral nervous system (pns) diseases, termed peripheral neuropathies, in which the target antigens for autoantibody-directed nerve injury are glycan structures borne by glycoproteins and glycolipids, particularly gangliosides that are concentrat ...201425151396
campylobacter jejuni infection suppressed cl⁻ secretion induced by cftr activation in t-84 cells.campylobacter jejuni causes foodborne disease associated with abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea. these symptoms are induced by bacterial adherence and invasion of host epithelial cells. c. jejuni infection can occur with a low infective dose, suggesting that c. jejuni may have evolved strategies to cope with the bacterial clearance system in the gastrointestinal tract. the mucosa layer is the first line of defense against bacteria. mucus conditions are maintained by water and anion ( ...201425107576
antimicrobial efficacy of lauric arginate against campylobacter jejuni and spoilage organisms on chicken breast fillets.the objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of lauric arginate (lae) against campylobacter jejuni (in broth and on chicken breast fillets) and spoilage microorganisms (on chicken breast fillets). in vitro antimicrobial activity of lae was determined by treating c. jejuni (in pure culture) with 0 (control), 50, 100, and 200 mg/l of lae solutions at 4°c for 2 h. inoculated chicken samples with c. jejuni were treated with 0, 200, and 400 mg/kg of lae, packaged, and sto ...201425104765
comparative proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal increased n-linked glycosylation and relaxed sequon specificity in campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 o.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. c. jejuni encodes a protein glycosylation (pgl) locus responsible for the n-glycosylation of membrane-associated proteins. we examined two variants of the genome sequenced strain nctc11168: o, a representative of the original clinical isolate, and gs, a laboratory-adapted relative of o. comparative proteomics by itraq and two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2d-lc-ms/ms) allowed the confiden ...201425093254
campylobacter jejuni as a cause of canine abortions in the united states.although campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of ruminant abortion with great economic impact, the organism has rarely been implicated in canine pregnancy loss, with only 2 documented cases to date. in the current report, 2 cases of perinatal death in adult female bulldogs associated with c. jejuni infection of fetoplacental organs are described. fetuses and placentas were received at the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory (ames, iowa) from 3 puppies that died soon after th ...201425085872
utilization of host-derived cysteine-containing peptides overcomes the restricted sulphur metabolism of campylobacter jejuni.the non-glycolytic food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni successfully colonizes the intestine of various hosts in spite of its restricted metabolic properties. while several amino acids are known to be used by c. jejuni as energy sources, none of these have been found to be essential for growth. here we demonstrated through phenotype microarray analysis that cysteine utilization increases the metabolic activity of c. jejuni. furthermore, cysteine was crucial for its growth as c. jejuni was un ...201425074326
generalized linear mixed model analysis of risk factors for contamination of moisture-enhanced pork with campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica typhimurium.translocation of foodborne pathogens into the interior tissues of pork through moisture enhancement may be of concern if the meat is undercooked. in the present study, a five-strain mixture of campylobacter jejuni or salmonella enterica typhimurium was evenly spread on the surface of fresh pork loins. pork loins were injected, sliced, vacuum packaged, and stored. after storage, sliced pork was cooked by traditional grilling. survival of salmonella typhimurium and c. jejuni in the interior tissue ...201425072538
miller fisher syndrome related to orientia tsutsugamushi infection.miller fisher syndrome is typically associated with a preceding infection, especially with campylobacter jejuni. we describe a patient with miller fisher syndrome following orientia tsutsugamushi infection, which to our knowledge has not been previously reported.201425065842
inhibition of campylobacter jejuni on fresh chicken breasts by κ-carrageenan/chitosan-based coatings containing allyl isothiocyanate or deodorized oriental mustard extract.campylobacter species are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastroenteritis worldwide. the objectives of this study were to determine the minimum inhibitory (mic) and minimum bactericidal (mbc) concentrations of allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) against 4 campylobacter jejuni strains in mueller-hinton (mh) broth at 4, 21, 37 and 42°c and to screen the c. jejuni strains for their ability to degrade sinigrin (which forms aitc) in ph7.0 mh broth at 35°c for 21d. also evaluated was the anti ...201425058687
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