Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bacterial aetiology and anti-microbial resistance of childhood diarrhoea in yemen. | in a 12-month period, 561 stool cultures from yemeni children aged 1-60 months and presenting with diarrhoea, were analysed to identify the bacterial aetiology and their anti-microbial resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. a total of 190 (33.9 per cent) were positive for bacterial culture. most of the positive cultures (58 per cent) were from children aged 1-12 months. the majority of the positive cultures were enteropathogenic escherichia coli (58.4 per cent) salmonella spp., and shigell ... | 2001 | 11695731 |
| role of escf, a putative needle complex protein, in the type iii protein translocation system of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | type iii secretion systems, designed to deliver effector proteins across the bacterial cell envelope and the plasma membrane of the target eukaryotic cell, are involved in subversion of eukaryotic cell functions in a variety of human, animal and plant pathogens. in enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), several protein substrates for the secretion apparatus were identified, including espa, espb and espd. espa is a structural protein and the major component of a large transiently expressed fil ... | 2001 | 11696035 |
| controlled expression in klebsiella pneumoniae and shigella flexneri using a bacteriophage p1-derived c1-regulated promoter system. | the utility of promoters regulated by the bacteriophage p1 temperature-sensitive c1 repressor was examined in shigella flexneri and klebsiella pneumoniae. promoters carrying c1 operator sites driving lacz expression had induction/repression ratios of up to 240-fold in s. flexneri and up to 50-fold in k. pneumoniae. the promoters exhibited remarkably low basal expression, demonstrated modulation by temperature, and showed rapid induction. this system will provide a new opportunity for controlled ... | 2001 | 11698385 |
| validation of salmonellosis and shigellosis diagnostic test kits at a provincial hospital in thailand. | rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis and shigellosis was performed using six different diagnostic test kits which recently have been made available commercially. they were salmo-dot, typhi-dot, shigel dot a, b, c, and d test kits for detection of salmonella spp., group d salmonellae, and groups a, b, c, and d shigella spp., respectively. the principle of all test kits is a membrane (dot) elisa using specific monoclonal antibodies to the respective pathogens as the detection reagents. the present stu ... | 2001 | 11699718 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among men who have sex with men--san francisco, california, 2000-2001. | shigella sonnei causes approximately 10,000 cases of gastroenteritis each year in the united states. these infections occur predominately among young children and usually are associated with poor hygienic conditions in child-care settings. outbreaks of shigellosis among men who have sex with men (msm) have occurred because of direct or indirect oral-anal contact but usually are caused by shigella flexneri. this report describes an investigation of s. sonnei cases that occurred among msm in san f ... | 2001 | 11699845 |
| involvement of fis in the h-ns-mediated regulation of virf gene of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | the mechanism of pathogenicity in shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) requires the co-ordinated expression of several genes located on both the virulence plasmid and the chromosome. we found that cells lacking a functional fis protein (factor for inversion stimulation) are partially impaired in expressing the virulence genes and that full expression is totally restored when shigella wild-type fis gene is offered in trans. we also identified virf, among the virulence genes, as a t ... | 2001 | 11703666 |
| ipac from shigella and sipc from salmonella possess similar biochemical properties but are functionally distinct. | invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) is secreted via the type iii secretion system (ttss) of shigella flexneri and serves as an essential effector molecule for epithelial cell invasion. the only homologue of ipac identified thus far is salmonella invasion protein c (sipc/sspc), which is essential for enterocyte invasion by salmonella typhimurium. to explore the biochemical and functional relatedness of ipac and sipc, recombinant derivatives of both proteins were purified so that their in vitro bioc ... | 2001 | 11703668 |
| pathoadaptive mutations that enhance virulence: genetic organization of the cada regions of shigella spp. | pathoadaptive mutations improve the fitness of pathogenic species by modification of traits that interfere with factors (virulence and ancestral) required for survival in host tissues. a demonstrated pathoadaptive mutation is the loss of lysine decarboxylase (ldc) expression in shigella species that have evolved from ldc-expressing escherichia coli. previous studies demonstrated that the product of ldc activity, cadaverine, blocks the action of shigella enterotoxins and that the gene encoding ld ... | 2001 | 11705922 |
| characterization of a shiga toxin-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei. | a shiga toxin (stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei strain cb7888 was investigated for its morphology, dna similarity, host range, and lysogenization in shigella and escherichia coli strains. phage 7888 formed plaques on a broad spectrum of shigella strains belonging to different species and serotypes, including stx-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1. with e. coli, only strains with rough lipopolysaccharide were sensitive to this phage. the phage integrated into the genome ... | 2001 | 11705937 |
| phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens: implications in the host response. | phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens is at the heart of the pathogenesis of infections. pathogens have evolved a large array of strategies to escape the deleterious effect of phagocytosis by professional phagocytes among which avoiding phagocytosis, killing the phagocytes or surviving inside them are the most 'popular' solutions. bacterial pathogens are also using induction of phagocytic entry into non-professional phagocytic cells, such as epithelial cells, as a strategy of survival and multipli ... | 2001 | 11708894 |
| [surveillance of various enteropathogenic bacteria from diarrheal cases during 1989-1999 in kobe city]. | incidence of various enteropathogenic bacteria was examined from diarrheal faecal samples that were collected from the patients of kobe city general hospital and some station hospitals (23,862), and from overseas travelers (2,855) over a period of decade (1989-1999) in kobe. a total of 1,580 strains were isolated from domestic and 331 strains from overseas travelers. the results are as follows. 1) thirteen kinds of enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from domestic diarrheal cases (6.6%). sal ... | 2001 | 11712364 |
| identification of indicator microorganisms using a standardized pna fish method. | a standardized fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) method using peptide nucleic acid (pna) probes for analysis of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as yeast, has been developed. fluorescently labeled pna probes targeting specific rrna sequences of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphyloccocus aureus, salmonella were designed, as well as pna probes targeting eubacteria and eucarya. these pna probes were evaluated by pna fish using 27 bacterial and 1 yeast species, ... | 2001 | 11714518 |
| cytochrome c-mediated caspase-9 activation triggers apoptosis in streptococcus pyogenes-infected epithelial cells. | epithelial cells are the initial sites of host invasion by group a streptococcus pyogenes (gas), and their infection of epithelial cells has been suggested to induce apoptosis. however, the mechanism responsible for bacteria-host interaction and the induction of apoptosis has not been clearly understood. we demonstrate here that human pharyngeal epithelial hep-2 cells became apoptotic with dna fragmentation by invasion of gas strains jrs4 (m6+, f1+) and jrs145 (m6-, f1+ mutant of jrs4), whereas ... | 2001 | 11422082 |
| glutamate decarboxylase genes as a prescreening marker for detection of pathogenic escherichia coli groups. | the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (gad) is prevalent in escherichia coli but few strains in the various pathogenic e. coli groups have been tested for gad. using pcr primers that amplify a 670-bp segment from the gada and gadb genes encoding gad, we examined the distribution of the gadab genes among enteric bacteria. analysis of 173 pathogenic e. coli strains, including 125 enterohemorrhagic e. coli isolates of the o157:h7 serotype and its phenotypic variants and 48 isolates of enteropathogenic ... | 2001 | 11425729 |
| microarray analysis of microbial virulence factors. | hybridization with oligonucleotide microchips (microarrays) was used for discrimination among strains of escherichia coli and other pathogenic enteric bacteria harboring various virulence factors. oligonucleotide microchips are miniature arrays of gene-specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a glass surface. the combination of this technique with the amplification of genetic material by pcr is a powerful tool for the detection of and simultaneous discrimination among food-borne human path ... | 2001 | 11425749 |
| analysis of the o-antigen chain length distribution during extracellular and intracellular growth of shigella flexneri. | this study has established that there were no changes in the general structure of lps of shigella flexneri m90t either when the bacteria grew free in the cytoplasm of the eucaryotic host cell or during extracellular growth in liquid lb medium at 37 degrees c. in both cases there was a similar bi-modal o-antigen chain length distribution with the mean modal values between 1 and 2, and between 11 and 14 subunits. this suggests that the intracellular localization is not a significant stimulus perce ... | 2001 | 11427033 |
| type iii secretion systems and pathogenicity islands. | some bacterial pathogens have evolved by acquiring pathogenicity islands (pis), which are clusters of genes encoding virulence traits. pis encoding the secretion of effector molecules via type iii secretion (tts) systems have been discovered in several gram-negative pathogens. tts systems are involved in contact-dependent secretion of virulence factors and can facilitate delivery of toxins directly into target cells. the expanding list of bacteria found to contain clusters of tts genes includes ... | 2001 | 11211218 |
| gene cloning and characterization of alanine racemases from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei. | alanine racemase genes (alr) from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli jm109. all genes encoded a polypeptide of 359 amino acids, and showed more than 99% sequence identities with each other. in particular, the s. dysenteriae alr was identical with the s. flexneri alr. differences in the amino acid sequences between the four shigella enzymes were only two residues: gly138 in s. dysenteriae and s. flexneri (glu ... | 2001 | 11676496 |
| acute diarrhoea in children treated in an outpatient setting in athens, greece. | to describe the epidemiology and aetiology of acute diarrhoea among children treated exclusively in an outpatient setting in greece. | 2001 | 11676518 |
| exploitation of host factors for efficient infection by shigella. | shigellosis is a worldwide endemic ulcerating disease of the large intestine caused by enteroinvasive bacteria. shigella takes the route via m-cells and macrophages to access the basolateral pole of enterocytes. after invasion of and cell-to-cell spread within the epithelial cell layer, the bacterium multiplies within the cytoplasm of enterocytes. induced by a limited number of bacterial effector proteins, shigella makes use of established signaling pathways of the host cell to achieve internali ... | 2001 | 11680789 |
| inactivation of dsba alters the behaviour of shigella flexneri towards murine and human-derived macrophage-like cells. | the mutants of shigella flexneri, sh4 (dsba::kan) and sh42 (dsba33g), behave differently towards murine and human-derived macrophage-like cells in vitro. sh4 was trapped in the phagocytic vacuoles of the murine j774 cells as evidenced by its colony forming units plus and minus chloroquine exposure in a gentamicin protection assay, and by light and transmission electron microscopy (tem). sh42, similar to the wild-type m90ts, was able to escape from the vacuoles and kill host cells presumably by i ... | 2001 | 11682183 |
| shiga-toxin-converting bacteriophages. | shiga toxins (stx) comprise a family of potent cytotoxins that are involved in severe human disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and nonhuman sources, and by shigella dysenteriae type 1. the genes encoding stx are thought to be generally encoded in the genome of lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx phages). they share a unique position in the late region of the phage genome downstream of the late promoter pr'. this location suggests that expr ... | 2001 | 11686382 |
| vaccinia virus intracellular movement is associated with microtubules and independent of actin tails. | two mechanisms have been proposed for the intracellular movement of enveloped vaccinia virus virions: rapid actin polymerization and microtubule association. the first mechanism is used by the intracellular pathogens listeria and shigella, and the second is used by cellular vesicles transiting from the golgi network to the plasma membrane. to distinguish between these models, two recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the b5r membrane protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (gfp) ... | 2001 | 11689647 |
| trifluoperazine: a broad spectrum bactericide especially active on staphylococci and vibrios. | trifluoperazine showed some significant antimicrobial activity when tested against 293 strains from two gram-positive and eight gram-negative genera. minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug were measured using an agar dilution technique. forty six of 55 strains of staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 10-50 microg/ml of trifluoperazine. this drug also inhibited strains of shigella spp., vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 10-100 microg/ml. other bacteria includi ... | 2001 | 11691578 |
| reconstitution of acetosyringone-mediated agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence gene expression in the heterologous host escherichia coli. | the ability to utilize escherichia coli as a heterologous system in which to study the regulation of agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes and the mechanism of transfer dna (t-dna) transfer would provide an important tool to our understanding and manipulation of these processes. we have previously reported that the rpoa gene encoding the alpha subunit of rna polymerase is required for the expression of lacz gene under the control of virb promoter (virbp::lacz) in e. coli containing a constit ... | 2001 | 11371534 |
| etiology of children's diarrhea in montevideo, uruguay: associated pathogens and unusual isolates. | we studied microorganisms associated with infant diarrhea in a group of 256 children admitted to a public pediatric hospital in montevideo, uruguay. diagnostic procedures were updated to optimize detection of potential pathogens, which were found in 63.8% of cases, and to be able to define their characteristics down to molecular or antigenic type. coinfection with two or more agents was detected in more than one-third of positive studies. escherichia coli enteric virotypes, especially enteropath ... | 2001 | 11376047 |
| effect of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins on eukaryotic cells. | shigella dysenteriae and shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) elaborate the ab holotoxins, shiga or shiga-like toxins (stx). stx play a major role in the pathogenesis of haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome. this review provides an overview of the mechanisms of action of stx and a model of the pathogenesis of stx-induced disease. | 2001 | 11377211 |
| phenotypic variability of beta-glucoside utilization and its correlation to pathogenesis process in a few enteric bacteria. | utilization of beta-glucosides is markedly variable in the members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the results presented here provide molecular clues for evolutionary events that resulted in the phenotypic variability seen amongst the members of these species. the genomic hybridization of selected enterobacteriaceae members with the escherichia coli bgl and cel genes resulted in detection of a complete homolog of the bgl and cel operons in shigella sonnei, a member that is evolutionarily close ... | 2001 | 11377874 |
| mechanism of actin-based motility. | spatially controlled polymerization of actin is at the origin of cell motility and is responsible for the formation of cellular protrusions like lamellipodia. the pathogens listeria monocytogenes and shigella flexneri, which undergo actin-based propulsion, are acknowledged models of the leading edge of lamellipodia. actin-based motility of the bacteria or of functionalized microspheres can be reconstituted in vitro from only five pure proteins. movement results from the regulated site-directed t ... | 2001 | 11379633 |
| tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. | tetracyclines were discovered in the 1940s and exhibited activity against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. they are inexpensive antibiotics, which have been used extensively in the prophlylaxis and therapy of human and animal infections and also at subtherapeutic levels in animal feed as growth promoters. the first tetracycline-resistant bacterium, shigella dysenteriae, was isolated i ... | 2001 | 11381101 |
| adherence of shigella dysenteriae 1 to human colonic mucin. | the pathogenic potential of shigella is correlated with the ability of the organism to invade and multiply within the cells of colonic epithelium. although invasion is the ultimate event, a preceding step is adherence. shigella dysenteriae 1 preferentially adhered to colonic mucin and not to small intestinal mucin. the pathogen showed a very strong adherence pattern to human colonic mucin when compared with guinea pig and rat mucin. the adherence pattern of s. dysenteriae 1 was not altered on pr ... | 2001 | 11381327 |
| pulsenet: the molecular subtyping network for foodborne bacterial disease surveillance, united states. | pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, was established by the centers for disease control and prevention and several state health department laboratories to facilitate subtyping bacterial foodborne pathogens for epidemiologic purposes. pulsenet, which began in 1996 with 10 laboratories typing a single pathogen (escherichia coli o157:h7), now includes 46 state and 2 local public health laboratories and the food safety laboratories of the u.s. food a ... | 2001 | 11384513 |
| third-generation cephalosporin resistance in shigella sonnei, argentina. | shigella sonnei resistant to cefotaxime (but not to ceftazidime) was isolated for the first time in stool samples from a pediatric patient with vomiting and bloody diarrhea in northern argentina. microbiologic and biochemical tests confirmed the presence of an extended spectrum beta-lactamase displaying an apparent isoelectric point value of 8.2. | 2001 | 11384523 |
| in vitro activity of rifaximin against bacterial enteropathogens causing diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in ifakara, tanzania. | 2001 | 11389133 | |
| pathologic and physiologic interactions of bacteria with the gastrointestinal epithelium. | communication between microorganisms and the gastrointestinal epithelium, ie, bacterial-epithelial "crosstalk," is examined. because most basic research on the molecular interaction of bacteria with the gut epithelium relates to pathogen-enterocyte interaction, crosstalk with pathologic bacterial is considered in detail. through their interactions with the intestinal epithelium, pathogens can modify epithelium function to enhance their penetration across the epithelial barrier and to exploit muc ... | 2001 | 11393190 |
| fluoroquinolones in paediatrics. | the fluoroquinolones are an important group of antibiotics, which are widely used in adult patients because of their high penetration in tissues and bactericidal activity. however, they are not licensed for paediatric use (except the limited indication of pseudomonas infection in cystic fibrosis) because of their potential to cause joint toxicity (observed in experiments using juvenile animal models). in recent years, there has been a change in the susceptibility of pathogens to widely used anti ... | 2001 | 11393329 |
| lactobacilli in human dental caries and saliva. | samples (98 plaque and 72 saliva) from 93 patients with dental caries were investigated for lactobacillus species which comprised 65 (62.5%) of 104 isolates. yeasts (20.1%), streptococcus spp. (8.7%), staphylococcus spp. (2.9%) and a few unidentified species (5.8%), were also found. the lactobacillus isolates were l. brevis (24.6%) l. fermentum (18.5%) l. casei (16.9%), l. delbrueckii (15.4%), l. plantarum (9.23%), l. acidophilus (7.69%), l. jensenii (4.62%), l. salivarius (1.54%) and l. gasseri ... | 2001 | 11393751 |
| prevalence of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among young children with acute diarrhoea in jeddah, saudi arabia. | the prevalence of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens among children of jeddah, saudi arabia, was investigated. during december 1995-october 1996, 576 faecal samples were collected from children (0-5 year(s) old) suffering from acute diarrhoea and attending hospitals and outpatient clinics in jeddah. one or more enteropathogen(s) were identified in 45.6% of the stool specimens. mixed infections were detected in 12.2% of the diarrhoeal cases. rotavirus was detected in 34.6% of the specimens ... | 2001 | 11394180 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the core oligosaccharide of shigella lipopolysaccharide. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against different strains of shigella, following immunization of balb/c mice with a heat-killed preparation of shigella. antibody-producing hybridomas were screened in an indirect enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (elisa) and epitope specificity determined using chemically defined lipopolysaccharide, lipid, and kdo fragments. five mabs were characterized and the following specificities identified: 2c32e6 and 4d64b9 (reactive to s. flexneri and s. boyd ... | 2001 | 11394534 |
| genetic organization of plasmid coljs, encoding colicin js activity, immunity, and release genes. | the 5.2-kb coljs plasmid of a colicinogenic strain of shigella sonnei (colicin type 7) was isolated and sequenced. pcoljs was partly homologous to pcole1 and to pesticin-encoding plasmid ppcp1, mainly in the rep, mob, and cer regions. a 1.2-kb unique region of pcoljs showed significantly different g+c content (34%) compared to the rest of pcoljs (53%). within the unique region, seven open reading frames (orfs) were identified. orf94 was shown to code for colicin js activity (cja), a 94-amino-aci ... | 2001 | 11395458 |
| the iron- and temperature-regulated cjrbc genes of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains code for colicin js uptake. | a cosmid library of dna from colicin js-sensitive enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strain o164 was made in colicin js-resistant strain e. coli vcs257, and colicin js-sensitive clones were identified. sensitivity to colicin js was associated with the carriage of a three-gene operon upstream of and partially overlapping senb. the open reading frames were designated cjrabc (for colicin js receptor), coding for proteins of 291, 258, and 753 amino acids, respectively. tn7 insertions in any of t ... | 2001 | 11395459 |
| efficient vir gene induction in agrobacterium tumefaciens requires vira, virg, and vir box from the same ti plasmid. | the vir genes of octopine, nopaline, and l,l-succinamopine ti plasmids exhibit structural and functional similarities. however, we observed differences in the interactions between octopine and nopaline vir components. the induction of an octopine vire(a6)::lacz fusion (psm358cd) was 2.3-fold higher in an octopine strain (a348) than in a nopaline strain (c58). supplementation of the octopine virg(a6) in a nopaline strain with psm358 did not completely restore vire(a6) induction. however, addition ... | 2001 | 11395473 |
| a prevalence survey for zoonotic enteric bacteria in a research monkey colony with specific emphasis on the occurrence of enteric yersinia. | transmissible pathogenic and opportunistic zoonotic enteric bacteria comprise a recognized occupational health threat to exposed humans from non-human primates (nhps). in an effort to evaluate the occurrence of selected enteric organisms with zoonotic and biohazard potential in a research colony setting, we performed a prevalence study examining 61 juvenile and young adult rhesus macaques participating in a transplant immunology project. primary emphasis was directed specifically to detection of ... | 2001 | 11396860 |
| cloning, overexpression, purification, and immunobiology of an 85-kilodalton outer membrane protein from haemophilus ducreyi. | we have identified an 85-kda outer membrane protein that is expressed by all tested strains of haemophilus ducreyi. studies of related proteins from other pathogenic bacteria, including haemophilus influenzae, pasteurella multocida, neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, and shigella dysenteriae, suggested a role for these proteins in pathogenesis and immunity. in keeping with the first such described protein from haemophilus influenzae type b, we termed the h. ducreyi protein d15. the g ... | 2001 | 11401984 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a proteosome-shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide vaccine administered intranasally to healthy adults. | we studied the safety and immunogenicity of a shigella flexneri 2a vaccine comprising native s. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (lps) complexed to meningococcal outer membrane proteins-proteosomes-in normal, healthy adults. a two-dose series of immunizations was given by intranasal spray, and doses of 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, and 1.5 mg (based on protein) were studied in a dose-escalating design. the vaccine was generally well tolerated. the most common reactions included rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness, w ... | 2001 | 11401998 |
| detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | a rapid method for identifying specific bacteria from complex biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been developed. the technique employs commercially available magnetic beads coated with polycolonal antibodies raised against specific bacteria and whole cell analysis by maldi-ms. a suspension of a bacterial mixture is mixed with the immunomagnetic beads specific for the target microorganism. ... | 2001 | 11404843 |
| bacteria-mediated transfer of eukaryotic expression plasmids into mammalian host cells. | invasive intracellular bacteria are able to transfer eukaryotic expression plasmids into mammalian host cells in vitro and in vivo. this can be used to induce immune responses toward protein antigens encoded by the plasmid or to complement genetic defects. plasmid transfer takes place when the recombinant bacterium dies within the host cell, either due to metabolic attenuation or induction of autolysis. alternatively, antibiotics can be used and spontaneous transfer has also been observed, indic ... | 2001 | 11405218 |
| chronic plasma cell osteomyelitis of the humerus associated with shigella and flavobacterium. | 2001 | 11408914 | |
| acute encephalopathy preceding shigella infection. | 2001 | 11411209 | |
| shigella invasion of macrophage requires the insertion of ipac into the host plasma membrane. functional analysis of ipac. | shigella infects residential macrophages via the m cell entry, after which the pathogen induces macrophage cell death. the bacterial strategy of macrophage infection, however, remains largely speculative. wild type shigella flexneri (ysh6000) invaded macrophages more efficiently than the noninvasive mutants, where ysh6000 induced large scale lamellipodial extension including ruffle formation around the bacteria. when macrophages were infected with the noninvasive ipac mutant, the invasiveness an ... | 2001 | 11413141 |
| a weighted composite dose-response model for human salmonellosis. | this article describes the development of a weighted composite dose-response model for human salmonellosis. data from previously reported human challenge studies were categorized into two different groups representing low and moderately virulent/pathogenic salmonella strains based on a disease end point. because epidemiological data indicate that some salmonella strains are particularly pathogenic, and in the absence of human feeding study data for such strains, shigella dysenteriae was used as ... | 2001 | 11414538 |
| the shi-3 iron transport island of shigella boydii 0-1392 carries the genes for aerobactin synthesis and transport. | in shigella boydii 0-1392, genes encoding the synthesis and transport of the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin are located within a 21-kb iron transport island between lysu and the pheu trna gene. dna sequence analysis of the s. boydii 0-1392 island, designated shi-3 for shigella island 3, revealed a conserved aerobactin operon associated with a p4 prophage-like integrase gene and numerous insertion sequences (is). shi-3 is present at the pheu trna locus in some s. boydii isolates but not in ot ... | 2001 | 11418557 |
| shigella protein ipah(9.8) is secreted from bacteria within mammalian cells and transported to the nucleus. | various pathogenic bacteria such as shigella deliver effector proteins into mammalian cells via the type iii secretion system. the delivered shigella effectors have been shown to variously affect host functions required for efficient bacterial internalization into the cells. in the present study, we investigated the ipah proteins for their ability to be secreted via the type iii secretion system and their fate in mammalian cells. upon incubation in a medium containing congo red, the bacteria sec ... | 2001 | 11418613 |
| [study on diarrhea disease and escherichia coli strains harboring hpi pathogenicity island of yersinia enterolitica in shandong province]. | it was found that some e. coli strains previously identified as entero slts-producing and invasive e. coli (esiec), harboring hpi pathogenicity island of yersinia enterolitica. this research was designed to reveal prevalence, susceptible group and clinical features it caused. | 2001 | 11860844 |
| [investigation of a shigellosis outbreak in a rural zone of senegal]. | the investigation of this outbreak took place in niakhar (ird project study area), a rural area located 150 km east of dakar. covering 30 villages, with a population of about 30,000 inhabitants, the area has been under demographic and epidemiological surveillance. in 1999, the surveillance allowed 973 cases of shigellosis to be recorded out of 1,751 cases of dysenteric diarrhoeas. the outbreak reached a peak during the raining season (73% of the cases in september and october). all the villages ... | 2001 | 11861195 |
| shigella septicaemia in adults: report of two cases and mini-review. | we report 2 cases of shigella septicaemia in adult patients. | 2001 | 11817302 |
| shigellocidal properties of three nigerian medicinal plants: ocimum gratissimum, terminalia avicennoides, and momordica balsamina. | the prevalence of multidrug-resistant shigellae is an important concern in the treatment of shigellosis in many developing countries, and other therapies, including herbal agents, may provide an important alternative to antimicrobial agents. in this study, three nigerian medicinal plants: ocimum gratissimum, terminalia avicennoides, and momordica balsamina were investigated for their activities against multidrug-resistant shigella species isolated from patients with bacilliary dysentery in lagos ... | 2001 | 11855356 |
| hyperimmune bovine colostrum in the treatment of shigellosis in children: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. | immunological approaches have been considered as an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of enteric infections over the past few years. hyperimmune bovine colostrum (hbc) is a potentially innovative immunological option in the management of shigellosis together with traditional antibiotic therapy. children aged 1-12 y with a history of bloody mucoid diarrhoea of less than 5 d duration were enrolled after their stool specimen was found to be positive for shigella dysenteriae type i an ... | 2001 | 11853331 |
| sodium and water homeostasis in children with shigellosis. | studies in bangladesh have shown that the mortality in shigellosis is significantly higher in hyponatraemic (hn) than in normo- (nn) or hypernatraemic children. the aim of this study was to describe the effect of shigellosis on renal haemodynamics and sodium and water homeostasis before treatment was started. twenty-one moderately ill children infected with shigella dysenteriae type i were studied. eight of them had a serum sodium concentration below 130 mmol/l. renal function was determined by ... | 2001 | 11853332 |
| effects of buprenorphine on immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model (sereny test). | shigellosis is a disease of global proportions, with an estimated 164.7 million episodes annually throughout the world as well as an estimated 1.1 million associated mortalities in developing countries. due to increasing incidence, and continued emergence of multi-drug resistant strains, shigella vaccine development is considered a top public health priority. the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model, the basis for the sereny test, remains the most reliable in vivo indicator of virulence of shig ... | 2001 | 11924776 |
| antimicrobial activity of prenylflavanones. | among two flavanones [ys01, ys02] and eight prenylflavanones [ys03-ys10], preliminary screening with fifteen test bacterial strains showed that ys06 was the most active agent. ys06 exhibited highly significant antimicrobial action when tested against 228 bacterial strains comprising two gram-positive and six gram-negative genera. the in vitro susceptibility test was carried out by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of ys06 by agar dilution technique. twenty-two out of fifty s ... | 2001 | 11887338 |
| a sensitive seminested pcr method for the detection of shigella in spiked environmental water samples. | a rapid seminested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the specific, sensitive detection of virulent shigella spp. in spiked environmental water samples was developed. a set of primers specific for the invasion plasmid antigen gene (ipah) of virulent shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli produced a 620-bp fragment that was used as template for the seminested primer pair delineating a 401-bp fragment. by using agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the seminested pcr-ampl ... | 2001 | 11235881 |
| protective role of human lactoferrin against invasion of shigella flexneri m90t. | lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in human mucosal secretions such as milk. a variety of functions have been ascribed to this protein, it appears to contribute to antimicrobial host defense. still its overall physiological role remains to be defined. we sought to study the role of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhlf) in shigella infection. invasion of epithelial cells is essential to the development of bacillary dysentery. shigella flexneri 5 m90t, a virulent strain, was evaluated in ... | 2001 | 11787716 |
| fifty years of dysentery research at the pécs university. | károly rauss was appointed as head of the department of public health of the elisabeth university of pécs in 1946, professor rauss's carrier had started working with professor hugó preisz in budapest. during his residency years he was already appointed to the department of bacteriology chaired by lovrekovics at the national institute of public health. in this institution--as in all organizations affiliated with the rockefeller institute--the state of art diagnostic work together with research fo ... | 2001 | 11791353 |
| post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in bulawayo, zimbabwe. | an outbreak of dysentery in zimbabwe was associated with a high mortality, especially in children who developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). to examine the causes of high mortality from hus and to suggest measures that could reduce the case fatality rate, clinical and laboratory features of 91 children with dysentery were reviewed. of these, 14 developed hus; their findings were compared with age-matched controls with dysentery only. persistent alteration of consciousness after rehydration, ... | 2001 | 11793118 |
| neonatal shigellosis. | 2001 | 11794928 | |
| blockade of cd14 aggravates experimental shigellosis. | shigella infections lead to severe inflammation associated with destruction of colonic mucosa. we assessed the effect of in vivo blockade of cd14 on the outcome of experimental shigella infection in rabbits. a total of 17 rabbits were divided into two groups: 8 received a single i.v. dose of anti-rabbit cd14 monoclonal antibody prior to infection with an invasive shigella flexneri strain; the remainder served as controls. the anti-cd14-treated rabbits exhibited more severe tissue destruction and ... | 2001 | 11753214 |
| survival of shigella dysenteriae type 1 on fomites. | studies have shown that various objects, such as utensils, toys, and clothes, can serve as vehicles for transmission of shigella spp. shigellae can become viable but non-culturable (vbnc) when exposed to various environmental conditions as shown in earlier studies. the present study was carried out to detect vbnc shigella dysenteriae type 1 on various fomites by direct viable counting, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and fluorescent antibody methods. s. dysenteriae type 1 was inoculated onto cl ... | 2001 | 11761771 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis in lagos, nigeria: trends in antimicrobial resistance. | antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. and escherichia coli, isolated from diarrhoeal patients in lagos, was studied from march 1999 to february 2000. four hundred fifty-nine isolates were identified as shigellae (62) and e. coli (397). shigella flexneri, s. dysenteriae, s. boydii, and s. sonnei accounted, respectively, for 51.6%, 17.7%, 17.7%, and 13% of the total number of shigellae isolated. eleven cases of shigellosis occurred in the age group of 0-9 years, 22 cases in the age group o ... | 2001 | 11761772 |
| evaluation of culture media for enrichment and isolation of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri. | the performance of gram-negative (gn) broth with (10 microg/ml) and without novobiocin, shigella broth (sb) with 0.5 and 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin, all incubated at 37 degrees c (sb with 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin also at 42 degrees c) and buffered brilliant green bile glucose (ee) broth with 1.0 microg/ml novobiocin incubated at 37 and 42 degrees c were evaluated for resuscitation and growth of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri (eight strains; unstressed, chill-stressed and acid-stressed) and non-sh ... | 2001 | 11764191 |
| [various mechanisms of the depriming effect of bacterial endotoxin on drug metabolism]. | the effect of an endotoxin from sh. boydii on the biotransformation of amidopyrine and acetanilide, the activity of microsomal monooxygenases, hemoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase, the lipid peroxidation (lpo) intensity, the phospholipid spectrum, and the solubilization of microsomal membrane components was studied by intraperitoneal injections (2.5 mg/kg) in rats. it was found that the endotoxin inhibits the reactions of c- and n-acetanilide hydroxylation, n-amidopyrine demethylation, acetanilide ... | 2001 | 11764504 |
| an outbreak of norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis in a frequently penalized food service operation: a case for mandatory training of food handlers in safety and hygiene. | in 1999, in toledo, ohio, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among people who had attended a christmas dinner banquet and had eaten food prepared by a local caterer. overall, 93 of the 137 attendees (67.9 percent) reported illness. eight sought medical care, and one was hospitalized. case-control studies revealed that the illness was associated with eating tossed salad (odds ratio [or] = 2.5, 95 percent confidence interval [ci] = 1.02-6.26). eleven of 12 stool specimens that were taken from ... | 2001 | 11764683 |
| campylobacter, salmonella, shigella and escherichia coli in live and dressed poultry from metropolitan accra. | this study on the microbiology of chicken assessed a total of 97 live birds from three selected farms and 87 carcasses/chicken parts from two supermarkets, two open markets and one wholesale outlet (cold store) in the accra metropolis. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 14 (14.4%) gut contents of live birds from three farms. none of the frozen birds were positive for campylobacter spp. these isolates were sensitive to most common antibiotics but not to ampicillin and tetracyclines. salmonella ... | 2001 | 11764888 |
| [increasing incidence and the mechanism of resistance of nalidixic acid resistant shigella sonnei]. | one hundred and fourteen shigella sonnei strains obtained in 1991 to 2000 were tested for their susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobial agents. nalidixic acid (na) resistance was found in 2 of 15 strains (13.3%) in 1993, 2 of 8 strains (25%) in 1996, one of 5 strains (20%) in 1998, 7 of 21 strains (33.3%) in 1999 and 6 of 12 strains (50%) in 2000. the incidence of resistance to na in s. sonnei strains increased significantly during this period. among those 19 na resistant strains, 11 strains were d ... | 2001 | 11766375 |
| [an epidemiological study on shigella sonnei outbreak associated with contaminated drinking water--nagasaki, japan, may 1998]. | 2001 | 11774704 | |
| effect of midgut bacteria of culex pipiens l. on digestion and reproduction. | an investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of symbiotic bacteria associated with culex pipiens l. on pre-oviposition and blood meal digestion periods, and reproductive potential (fecundity and fertility). aposymbiotic females were obtained by feeding the normal females on 10% sucrose solution mixed with antibiotic (tarivid) for three days before feeding them on normal blood meals from a pigeon host. a total of 4 genera were previously isolated from the midgut of c. pipiens. these ... | 2001 | 11775103 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetic acid derivatives. | ethyl 5-(2-furyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetate (2), 5-(2-furyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetic acid hydrazide (3) and a series of new n-alkylidene/arylidene-5-(2-furyl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-mercaptoacetic acid hydrazides (4a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538. staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 12228, klebsiella pneumoniae atcc 4352, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 1539, escherichia coli atcc 8739, shige ... | 2001 | 11829115 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some 2-[[alpha-(4-substituted benzoyloxy)-alpha-phenylacetyl or methylacetyl]amino]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. | in this study, a new series of 1-[[alpha-(4-substitutedbenzoyloxy)-alpha-phenylacetyl or methylacetyl]amino]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were obtained by condensation of 2-[(alpha-chloro-alpha-phenylacetyl or alpha-bromopropionyl)amino]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)1,3,4-oxadiazoles with sodium salts of 4-substituted benzoic acids. structures of the compounds were assigned on the basis of spectral data (uv, ir, 1h nmr, el ms) and elemental analyses. the antibacterial activities of the novel comp ... | 2001 | 11829119 |
| abrupt increase of tacrolimus blood levels during an episode of shigella infection in a child after liver transplantation. | the authors report the case of an 8-year-old girl who underwent a liver transplant at the age of 18 months because of biliary atresia. she was treated with cyclosporin for more than 5 years. increased hirsutism prompted a change to tacrolimus therapy. during 11 months the mean tacrolimus level was 8.2 ng/ml. the patient was hospitalized because of an episode of shigella infection and a threefold increase in tacrolimus level was measured. despite a reduction of tacrolimus dose, the trough tacroli ... | 2001 | 11802098 |
| incidence of colicinogenic strains among human escherichia coli. | during the years 1993-1999, altogether 1,043 escherichia coli strains from colons of different persons were screened for colicinogeny using a most susceptible procedure and indicator system. in control persons (with healthy colons), 41.37% producers of colicins were found. in patients suffering from salmonelloses, the proportion of colicinogenic escherichia coli was the same. in patients with non-specific inflammatory colon diseases, the proportion of colicinogenic escherichia coli strains appea ... | 2001 | 11802547 |
| [isolation of provisional serovars of shigella in diarrheal cases of tourists]. | twenty-four shigella strains of provisional serovars were isolated from travellers with diarrhea during 1993-2000 at osaka airport- and kansai airport-quarantine station. the outline of these cases were as follows. 1) the provisional serovars of these strains (number of cases) were s. dysenteriae 93-119 (2), s. dysenteriae 204/96 (4), s. dysenteriae i9809-73 (4), s. flexneri 88-893 (9), and s. boydii e16553 (5). 2) symptoms of these cases were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. the r ... | 2001 | 11806136 |
| [priming-phenomenon of neutrophils in patients with flexner infection]. | to study reproducibility of priming phenomenon of neutrophils in patients with acute flexner's dysentery and its realization manifestation. | 2001 | 11806212 |
| antibacterial activity of raspberry cordial in vitro. | raspberry juice cordial has a long anecdotal use in australia for the prophylaxis and treatment of gastroenteritis in livestock, cage birds and humans. the antimicrobial properties of raspberry juice cordial, raspberry juice, raspberry leaf extract and a commercial brand of raspberry leaf tea were investigated against five human pathogenic bacteria and two fungi. raspberry cordial and juice were found to significantly reduce the growth of several species of bacteria, including salmonella, shigel ... | 2001 | 11798288 |
| performance decrement after combined exposure to ionizing radiation and shigella sonnei. | ionizing radiation could increase morbidity from common bacterial infections in military personnel on the modern battlefield. the combined effects of a sublethal dose of ionizing radiation and the bacterial diarrheal agent shigella sonnei on body weight and forelimb grip strength in mice were assessed over a 30-day period. individually housed b6d2f1 female mice were divided into four groups: control, sham irradiation + gavage with saline vehicle; 3 gy 60co gamma radiation at 0.4 gy/min radiation ... | 2001 | 11778444 |
| shigellosis outbreak associated with an unchlorinated fill-and-drain wading pool--iowa, 2001. | on june 15, 2001, local physicians reported 11 cases of diarrhea to a county health department. stool samples from two of these persons were culture confirmed as shigella sonnei, one person was hospitalized. a preliminary investigation found that nine of these persons recently had visited a large city park with a wading pool. the iowa department of public health was asked to assist in an investigation of this outbreak. this report summarizes the results of the investigation, which implicated the ... | 2001 | 11785570 |
| [clinical and biological study of acute diarrhea with mixed etiology in 48 patients]. | the study of incidence, clinical manifestation and treatment of acute diarrhea with mixed etiology. | 2001 | 12092189 |
| survivability of shigella dysenteriae type 1 & s. flexneri 2a in laboratory conditions simulating aquatic environment. | information about the duration of survival of shigellae in water is speculative. the present study was undertaken to assess the duration of survival of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri type 2a in the laboratory conditions simulating the aquatic environment, their invasive property and the association of different physico-chemical parameters in the survival process. | 2001 | 12040763 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella spp isolated from diarrheal patients between 1989 and 1998 in vietnam. | shigellosis is an important cause of infectious diarrhea in vietnam, caused mainly by shigella flexneri. this study provides for the first time in the international literature, data on the development of antimicrobial resistance in shigella between 1988 to 1998, including data reported to the national program for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (npsar). our studies show that about 80% of the shigella strains tested were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, trimetho ... | 2001 | 12041563 |
| protozoan enteric infection in aids related diarrhea in thailand. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric protozoa and other pathogens in aids patients with diarrhea in bangkok, thailand. of 288 consecutive patients screened in the 10 month period between november 1999-august 2000 inclusive, 55 (19.2%) had cryptosporidium spp, 13 (4.5%) had isospora oocyst, 11 (3.8%) had giardia lamblia, 3 (0.9%) had entamoeba histolytica, and 1 (0.3%) had iodamoeba butschlii infection. the prevalence of microsporidia was 11% in this study. of 251 pati ... | 2001 | 12041580 |
| expression of colonization factor antigen i of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in shigella flexneri 2a t32. | a host-plasmid lethal balancing system was constructed based on asd gene in an avirulent strain of s.flexneri to express colonization factor antigen i(cfa-i) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.the results of western blotting suggested that avirulant strain of s.flexneri fwl01 expressed cfa-i steadily. examination of negatively-stained preparation of cultures by electron microscopy showed that s.flexneri fwl01 carrying the plasmid pzhy21 had thick pili on its surface. antibodies against cfa-i we ... | 2001 | 12050785 |
| a school waterborne outbreak involving both shigella sonnei and entamoeba histolytica. | in an outbreak of gastroenteritis affecting 730 students, shigella sonnei and entamoeba histolytica were isolated from the stool specimens of patients. environmental investigations revealed the source of infection to be contamination of underground well water by sewage from a toilet. the outbreak ended with the closure of the well water supply. to avoid such problems, institutions and other groups that maintain their own wells, including schools and summer camps, need to be vigilant about mainte ... | 2001 | 11936033 |
| the infrared spectroscopic gram stain. | the attenuated total reflectance (atr) spectra of bacterial colonies were obtained in situ, without their removal from the agar growth media using the infrared microscope. principal components regression (pcr) analysis was used to obtain a measure of the differentiating potential of the atr spectra obtained on two standard sets consisting of 31 and 44 species, respectively, grown on trypticase soy agar. a quantitative response value of +1 was assigned to gram positive species and -1 was assigned ... | 2001 | 11936876 |
| seasonal distribution of enteropathogens detected from diarrheal stool and water samples collected in kathmandu, nepal. | a total of 334 diarrheal fecal samples (from 210 males and 124 females) collected in kathmandu, nepal, were studied for various kinds of enteropathogens. overall, 33% (111/334) fecal samples were positive for one or more enteropathogens. there was no difference in detection rates between males and females. enteropathogen detection rates in summer, winter, spring, and autumn were 61% (40/66), 52% (45/87), 31% (25/81), and 25% (25/100), respectively. altogether eight species of bacteria, three gen ... | 2001 | 11944710 |
| a large outbreak of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis associated with consumption of fresh pasteurised milk cheese. | a large outbreak of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis occurred in murcia region (southeast spain) in the winter of 1995-1996. more than 200 people were affected. epidemiological investigations implicated a regionally manufactured fresh pasteurised milk cheese as the vehicle of infection. a case-control study showed a statistically significant association between the illness and consumption of the suspect cheese. the dispersed sale of the cheese resulted in a regional dissemination of the organism ... | 2001 | 11949725 |
| tropical diarrhoea: new developments in traveller's diarrhoea. | traveller's diarrhoea is the most common illness acquired by visitors to developing countries, affecting 20-50% of the 35 million people who travel from industrialized countries each year. important risk factors include point of origin and destination of the traveller, host factors, and exposure to contaminated food and water. the most common causes of traveller's diarrhoea in adults in developing countries include infection with escherichia coli, shigella spp., salmonella spp., campylobacter sp ... | 2001 | 11964874 |
| global aspects of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria. | antibiotics have been considered to be safe and effective 'magic bullets', with no disadvantages to their widespread use. this has been proven to be a complacent attitude, with ever-increasing prevalences of resistance now evident. the present review covers aspects of the development, mechanisms and genetics of antimicrobial resistance in enteric commensals and pathogens. | 2001 | 11964879 |
| antibiotic resistance and sero-groups of shigella among paediatric out-patients in southwest ethiopia. | to determine the prevalence of shigella sero-groups and resistance pattern of isolates to commonly used antibiotics in jimma. | 2001 | 12002106 |
| epidemiological applications: a case report of a village epidemic of gastroenteritis. | this is a case report of an epidemic of gastroenteritis which was investigated and controlled by epidemiological methods only, before laboratory investigations could be done to confirm the original epidemiological conclusions--from contaminated home made ice-cubes. the case and process are reported in order to encourage similar uses of epidemiology by field public health practitioners, especially within the district or primary health care systems and particularly in places where laboratory suppo ... | 2001 | 12017811 |
| death from multi-resistant shigellosis in fiji islands. | death from shigellosis is rare in developed countries, however it causes over a million deaths in developing countries worldwide annually. death from shigellosis is rare in fiji. however, the global problem of emerging multidrug resistance raises some issues about the management of shigellosis in this country. within fiji, shigella is a notifiable disease. the fiji ministry of health recorded 68 cases of shigella in 1996, 173 cases in 1997 and 334 cases in 1998 (no data available for 1999). ther ... | 2001 | 12017845 |
| salmonella, shigella and growth potential of other food-borne pathogens in ethiopian street vended foods. | to evaluate the bacteriological safety of food items sold by street vendors with regard to salmonella and shigella and to assess the growth potential of some foodborne pathogens in some street foods. | 2001 | 12219962 |