Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| pathogenic vibrios in the natural aquatic environment. | in recent years, members belonging to the genus vibrio of the family vibrionaceae have acquired increasing importance because of the association of several of its members with human disease. the most feared of the vibrio species is vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, a devastating disease of global significance. other important vibrios of medical importance are v. parahemolyticus, v. vulnificus, v. mimicus, and to a lesser extent v. fluvialis, v. furnissii, v. hollisae, and v. damse ... | 1997 | 9273923 |
| molecular analysis of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o139 bengal strains isolated in bangladesh between 1993 and 1996: evidence for emergence of a new clone of the bengal vibrios. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal emerged in 1992 and rapidly spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced existing strains of v. cholerae o1 in bangladesh during 1992 and 1993. the subsequent emergence of a new clone of v. cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype that transiently displaced the o139 vibrios during 1994 to 1995 and the recent reemergence of v. cholerae o139 and its coexistence with the el tor vibrios demonstrated temporal changes in the epidemiology of cholera in bangladesh. we studied cl ... | 1997 | 9276406 |
| comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides. | the relative resistance of diverse human bacterial pathogens to commonly used germicidal agents has not been established. | 1997 | 9276546 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae 0139 phages to develop a phage typing scheme. | five v. cholerae 0139 phages isolated from different parts of india have been used for phage typing study. a strain isolated from nagpur city (npr-4) was used as the host for phage propagation. all but one of the 260 strains of v. cholerae 0139 were found to be typeable and could be clustered into 8 distinct phage types as revealed by lytic patterns. phage type 1 was the predominant type (61.15%) followed by type 2 (18.46%). the strains isolated from madras exhibited 7 out of 8 phage types. thes ... | 1997 | 9277036 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the detection of desialylation of erythrocyte membranes during haemolytic disease and haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by the in vivo action of microbial neuraminidase. | especially in childhood, the in vivo action of microbial neuraminidase may cause haemolytic anaemia or life-threatening haemolytic uraemic syndrome. the exposure of the thomsen-friedenreich (t) crypto-antigen and t-antigen polyagglutinability of erythrocytes has been described as the first sign of toxic cleavage of n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) from sialoglycoproteins of cell membranes. this phenomenon may, however, be too unspecific to initiate treatment for toxin elimination. the present st ... | 1997 | 9337082 |
| [studies of vibrio cholerae o140 (serogroup hakata) isolated from river water]. | strains of vibrio cholerae o140, which were isolated from river (hikichi river) water in kanagawa, japan, were studied for their biochemical characteristics and toxin genes, and analyzed by an amplified polymorphic dna method in comparison with both clinical and environmental isolates of v. cholerae o140. biochemical characteristics of 4 river isolates studied were found to be unanimous by conventional tests and a commercially available identification kit (api 50 ch). the strains were also found ... | 1997 | 9339631 |
| regulation of receptor binding affinity of influenza virus hemagglutinin by its carbohydrate moiety. | the hemagglutinin (ha) of the fowl plague virus (fpv) strain of influenza a virus has two n-linked oligosaccharides attached to asn123 and asn149 in the vicinity of the receptor binding site. the effect of these carbohydrate side chains on the binding of ha to neuraminic acid-containing receptors has been analyzed. when the oligosaccharides were deleted by site-specific mutagenesis, ha expressed from a simian virus 40 vector showed enhanced hemadsorbing activity. binding was so strong under thes ... | 1997 | 9343193 |
| cholera: molecular basis for emergence and pathogenesis. | 1997 | 9348159 | |
| control of the toxr virulence regulon in vibrio cholerae by environmental stimuli. | many bacterial pathogens regulate the expression of virulence genes in a co-ordinate manner in response to changes in the environment. for example, the human pathogen, vibrio cholerae, possesses a virulence regulon composed of over 20 genes involved in colonization, toxin production and bacterial survival within the host, which are co-ordinately regulated by external stimuli, such as temperature, ph and osmolarity. although the expression of the regulon is dependent upon the transcriptional acti ... | 1997 | 9350858 |
| phase variation in tcph modulates expression of the toxr regulon in vibrio cholerae. | we evaluated a spontaneous mutant of vibrio cholerae, which was avirulent in an infant mouse and had reduced expression of cholera toxin and tcpa in response to environmental signals. the toxr, toxs and toxt genes in the mutant were normal, but transcription of toxt was absent. a plasmid expressing wild-type tcpp and tcph complemented the mutant. the mutation resulted from a frameshift in a string of nine g residues within tcph; similar slipped-strand mutations in tcph arose at a frequency of 10 ... | 1997 | 9350866 |
| purification of ompu from vibrio cholerae classical strain 569b: evidence for the formation of large cation-selective ion-permeable channels by ompu. | the outer membrane of the classical vibrio cholerae strain 569b was isolated by sucrose density centrifugation. the simple treatment of the isolated outer membrane or the cell envelopes with different detergents allowed the purification of two outer membrane proteins, the 38 kda ompu and the 25 kda ompv. furthermore, a 35 kda outer membrane protein (probably the 35 kda ompa-like protein) was purified by two-fold treatment of the cell envelope with 2% sds solution. a subsequent wash of the sds-pe ... | 1997 | 9353751 |
| changing pattern of vibrio cholerae serotype el tor and 0139 in yavatmal (maharashtra, india) during 1992 to 1994. | during 1992, 1993 and 1994 a total of 65, 123 and 142 faecal samples respectively yielded 9, 54 and 87 strains of v. cholerae. simultaneous occurrence of el tor vibrio and non 01 (i.e. 0139) was noted during 1993 and 1994 with variations in relative and absolute prevalence of each serotype. seasonal incidence is fairly consistent in this region. both v. cholerae serotypes 01 and 0139 showed resistance to one or more drugs. | 1997 | 9354010 |
| sequential changes in gut mucosa of rabbits infected with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal: an ultrastructural study. | adhesion and subsequent colonisation are important events in the infection by vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. to determine in details the pathological changes in the gut mucosa, an epidemic strain of o139 bengal was inoculated in a rabbit ileal loop model. electron microscopic studies were done at different time intervals after inoculation of the strain to see the histological changes at the ultrastructural level. from 10 hours onwards, cellular invasive processes with presence of bacteria in the l ... | 1997 | 9360342 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to heat-shock protein 60 of helicobacter pylori. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), designated as h9 (igg2a) and h20 (igm), directed against heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) of helicobacter pylori strain tk1029 were established. affinity-purified antigens cross-reacted in immunoblots with mab h9 and mab h20 respectively. these antigens also reacted with the 3c8 mab previously established in this laboratory, which recognised yersinia enterocolitica hsp60. by amino-acid sequence analysis, the n-terminal amino-acid sequence of the protein recognised ... | 1997 | 9364137 |
| effect of ondansetron on salmonella typhimurium-induced net fluid accumulation in the pig jejunum in vivo. | two major pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the diarrhoea induced by salmonella typhimurium have been suggested to be: (a) invasion of the intestine by the bacteria, and (b) an enterotoxin resembling vibrio cholerae toxin. cholera toxin is a potent secretagogue in pig small intestine and induces secretion partly by activating 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, following release of 5-hydroxytryptamine. ondansetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, which reduces the chol ... | 1997 | 9366059 |
| produce handling and processing practices. | in the past decade, outbreaks of human illness associated with the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits (or unpasteurized products produced from them) have increased in the united states. changes in agronomic, harvesting, distribution, processing, and consumption patterns and practices have undoubtedly contributed to this increase. pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, clostridium botulinum, and bacillus cereus are naturally present in some soil, and their presence on fresh produce is no ... | 1997 | 9366597 |
| comparison of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and ribotyping. | the rrna gene restriction patterns and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting types of 53 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates were studied. five and eight patterns were observed from 27 toxigenic and 26 non-toxigenic o1 isolates after bgli cleavage. pcr fingerprinting with three primer sets aimed at enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences, eric-related sequences in v. cholerae, another kind of repeated sequences in v. cholerae (vcr) and arbitrary sequences divided th ... | 1997 | 9368535 |
| sequence and functional analysis of the gene encoding vibrio cholerae camp receptor protein. | we describe here the cloning, nucleotide sequence, and functional expression of the crp gene of vibrio cholerae (vc) encoding the cyclic amp receptor protein (crp). the vc crp gene shows 81% identity with the crp gene from escherichia coli (ec) and its deduced amino acid sequence shows 95% identity with the ec protein. when expressed from inducible promoters, the cloned vc gene produced an approximately 20-kda protein which complemented the carbohydrate-negative and growth-defective phenotypes o ... | 1997 | 9370295 |
| general secretion pathway (eps) genes required for toxin secretion and outer membrane biogenesis in vibrio cholerae. | the general secretion pathway (gsp) of vibrio cholerae is required for secretion of proteins including chitinase, enterotoxin, and protease through the outer membrane. in this study, we report the cloning and sequencing of a dna fragment from v. cholerae, containing 12 open reading frames, epsc to -n, which are similar to gsp genes of aeromonas, erwinia, klebsiella, pseudomonas, and xanthomonas spp. in addition to the two previously described genes, epse and epsm (m. sandkvist, v. morales, and m ... | 1997 | 9371445 |
| cloning of a vibrio cholerae vibriobactin gene cluster: identification of genes required for early steps in siderophore biosynthesis. | vibrio cholerae secretes the catechol siderophore vibriobactin in response to iron limitation. vibriobactin is structurally similar to enterobactin, the siderophore produced by escherichia coli, and both organisms produce 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba) as an intermediate in siderophore biosynthesis. to isolate and characterize v. cholerae genes involved in vibriobactin biosynthesis, we constructed a genomic cosmid bank of v. cholerae dna and isolated clones that complemented mutations in e. co ... | 1997 | 9371453 |
| characterization of the vibrio cholerae el tor lipase operon lipab and a protease gene downstream of the hly region. | we have cloned and sequenced a region encoding a lipase operon and a putative, previously uncharacterized metalloprotease of vibrio cholerae o1. these lie downstream of hlya and hlyb, which encode the el tor hemolysin and methyl-accepting chemotactic factor, respectively. previous reports identified the hlyc gene downstream of hlyab, encoding an 18.3-kda protein. however, we now show that this open reading frame (orf) encodes a 33-kda protein, and since the amino acid sequence is highly homologo ... | 1997 | 9371455 |
| nitric oxide production during vibrio cholerae infection. | vibrio cholerae induces massive intestinal fluid secretion that continues for the life of the stimulated epithelial cells. enhanced regional blood flow and peristalsis are required to adapt to this obligatory intestinal secretory challenge. nitric oxide (no) is a multifunctional molecule that modulates blood flow and peristalsis and possesses both cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. we demonstrate that, compared with those in asymptomatic control subjects, levels of stable no metabolites (no2- ... | 1997 | 9374715 |
| construction of a salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain expressing vibrio cholera ct-b and lps-o antigen. | the genes encoding v. cholera ct-b and lps-o antigens were simultaneously inserted into the vector plasmid pya248. the resulting recombinant plasmid pmg306 was transformed into the delta cya delta crp delta asd attenuated s. typhimurium vaccine strain x4072, and the live vaccine strain x4072 (pmg306) was constructed. this vaccine strain could secrete a specific ct-b antigen. meanwhile, lps-o antigens of both v. cholera and s. typhimurium were expressed on the cell surface. mouse intraperitoneal ... | 1997 | 9376506 |
| biochemical aspects of h. pylori adhesion. | in analogy with vibrio cholerae and other toxigenic enteropathogens such as yersinia enterocolitica it seems most likely today that h. pylori by specific surface proteins binds to epithelial cell receptors (table 1) allowing the pathogen to deliver urease, vacuolating toxin and other toxic metabolites to cause tissue damage and inflammation (1-3). h. pylori as well as animal gastric pathogens as h. mustelae and h. felis have developed an efficient flagellar apparatus allowing rapid and efficient ... | 1997 | 9376615 |
| [effect of lidocaine on ultrastructural changes in jejunum, kidney medulla and lungs of suckling rabbits, caused by vibrio cholerae]. | 1997 | 9280513 | |
| epidemiology of foodborne diseases: a worldwide review. | acute foodborne disease infections and intoxications are much more of a concern to governments and the food industry today than a few decades ago. some of the factors that have led to this include the identification of new agents that have caused life-threatening conditions; the finding that traditional agents are being associated with foods that were of no concern previously: an increasing number of large outbreaks being reported; the impact of foodborne disease on children, the aging populatio ... | 1997 | 9282385 |
| the role of food in the epidemiology of cholera. | cholera is an acute dehydrating diarrhoeal disease, traditionally caused by vibrio cholerae o1, and also more recently by v. cholerae o139 (bengal). traditionally, water was recognized as the primary vehicle for transmission of cholera, but in the past 30 years, outbreaks of cholera associated with eating contaminated food have demonstrated that food also plays an important role, although in many instances water is the source of contamination of foods. most commonly associated with cholera is se ... | 1997 | 9282393 |
| v. cholerae 01 outbreak in remote villages of shimla district, himachal pradesh, 1994. | an outbreak of v. cholerae 01 occurred in remote villages of rohru tehsil, district shimla, himachal pradesh, during june-july 1994. seven villages were affected. overall attack rate was 16.4 per cent in surveyed villages. attack rate in children < 5 was significantly high. suspected source was spring water contaminated from open air defaecation. v. cholerae was resistant to co-trimoxazole and streptomycin. | 1997 | 9282510 |
| changing patterns of vibrio cholerae isolation over three consecutive cholera seasons (1992-1994) in east delhi. | the emergence of new strains of vibrio cholerae has added a new dimension to the variability in pathogenicity and potential virulence of the organisms precipitating diarrhoeal diseases. considering the shifting patterns of v. cholerae 01 there is a continuous need to monitor the strain characteristics. in this study total 541 stool specimens of acute secretory diarrhoea were investigated between may 1992 and november 1994 for strains of vibrio cholerae and anti-microbial susceptibility testing o ... | 1997 | 9282524 |
| comparison of immune responses in patients infected with vibrio cholerae o139 and o1. | vibrio cholerae o139 has recently emerged as the second etiologic agent of cholera in asia. a study was carried out to evaluate the induction of specific immune responses to the organism in v. cholerae o139-infected patients. the immune responses to v. cholerae o139 bengal were studied in patients by measuring antibody-secreting cells (asc), as well as vibriocidal and antitoxic antibodies in the circulation. these responses were compared with those in patients with v. cholerae o1 disease. strong ... | 1997 | 9284121 |
| vibrio mimicus attaches to the intestinal mucosa by outer membrane hemagglutinins specific to polypeptide moieties of glycoproteins. | vibrio mimicus is the closest organism to vibrio cholerae. v. mimicus e-33, which is a highly adhesive and enteropathogenic strain, is known to produce three types of hemagglutinins (has), i.e., a 31-kda exocellular metalloprotease (vm-ha/protease), lipopolysaccharide (vm-lpsha), and a 39-kda major outer membrane protein (vm-ompha). hemagglutination induced by vm-lpsha and vm-ompha was inhibited by glycoproteins, including mucin, fetuin, and asialofetuin, but not by monosaccharides, disaccharide ... | 1997 | 9284134 |
| evaluation of a bivalent (cvd 103-hgr/cvd 111) live oral cholera vaccine in adult volunteers from the united states and peru. | to provide optimum protection against classical and el tor biotypes of vibrio cholerae o1, a single-dose, oral cholera vaccine was developed by combining two live, attenuated vaccine strains, cvd 103-hgr (classical, inaba) and cvd 111 (el tor, ogawa). the vaccines were formulated in a double-chamber sachet; one chamber contained lyophilized bacteria, and the other contained buffer. in the first study, 23 u.s. adult volunteers received cvd 103-hgr at 10(8) cfu plus cvd 111 at 10(8), 10(7), or 10( ... | 1997 | 9284163 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of some antibiotics against vibrio cholerae o139 isolates from pondicherry. | the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of vibrio cholerae o139, bengal, an emerging intestinal pathogen has been determined by the kirby bauer technique and the mic values of some antibiotics against these strains by agar dilution technique. all the strains were susceptible to tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and a majority was susceptible to gentamicin (95.7%) and nalidixic acid (82.9%). only 51% were susceptible to cefotaxime and most strains were resistant to furazolidone (95.7%), ampi ... | 1997 | 9287939 |
| [the status of antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 0:1 in ecuador]. | 1997 | 9289622 | |
| antimicrobial activity of terminalia macroptera root. | terminalia macroptera guill et perr. (combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in guinea-bissau and other west african countries to treat infectious diseases. the ethanol extract from t. macroptera decorticated root and their liquid-liquid partition fractions, were screened for antimicrobial activity, by the twofold serial microdilution assay against seven reference bacterial strains and against candida albicans. the extract and fractions showed some activity against at least one of the test micr ... | 1997 | 9292414 |
| signal transduction and transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of iron-regulated genes in bacteria. | iron is an essential element for nearly all living cells. thus, the ability of bacteria to utilize iron is a crucial survival mechanism independent of the ecological niche in which the microorganism lives, because iron is scarce both in potential biological hosts, where it is bound by high-affinity iron-binding proteins, and in the environment, where it is present as part of insoluble complex hydroxides. therefore, pathogens attempting to establish an infection and environmental microorganisms m ... | 1997 | 9293185 |
| [some immunochemical and immunobiological properties of vibrio cholerae serovar 0139 capsule antigen]. | capsular antigen (c-antigen) was isolated from culture fluid of v. cholerae serovar 0139 strain p16064 4-fold fractionation by (nh4)2so4 after weinblatt (1980). electrophoretic separation in paag-sds revealed two protein subunits with molecular weights 38 +/- 2 and 61 +/- 2 kd in the c-antigen and whole-cell lysates of two strains (mo45 and p16064) of v. cholerae serovar 0139. murine polyclonal anticapsular antibodies reacted with these protein subunits in immunoblotting, as well as with two rap ... | 1997 | 9297105 |
| conservation of cholera toxin gene in a strain of cholera toxin non-producing vibrio cholerae o1. | bt23, a vibrio cholerae o1 e1 tor isolate, possesses the cholera toxin (ct) gene as determined by pcr. however, ct was not detected in the culture medium by the reversed passive latex agglutination test, nor in the whole cell lysate as examined by western blotting. the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) was not detected by western blotting. this suggests the presence of defects in the regulatory cascade. toxr, toxs and toxt, members of the regulatory cascade, were examined by pcr. toxr and toxs were ... | 1997 | 9297828 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genes for n-acetylglucosamine use that construct divergent operons (nage-nagac) from vibrio cholerae non-o1. | a 7.2-kb genomic dna fragment containing n-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase gene (naga) was cloned from the chitinase-producing bacterium vibrio cholerae non-o1 strain 1148a (ifo 15429). sequence analysis of the dna fragment found three other complete open reading frames (orfs) and the 5' end of an orf. amino acid sequences of two orfs, orf2 and orf4, showed similarity with that of nagc, the repressor of nag operons and that of nage, n-acetylglucosamine-specific transporter ii(nag) of p ... | 1997 | 9301118 |
| hemagglutination is a novel biological function of lipopolysaccharide (lps), as seen with the vibrio cholerae o139 lps. | it has been generally thought that the polysaccharide moiety of lipopolysaccharide (lps) maintains only serological specificity, while the lipid a portion determines various biological functions. however, we found that hemagglutination was a common function of the polysaccharide moiety of lpss from important human enteropathogenic bacteria. of the lpss examined, vibrio cholerae o139 lps showed the highest hemagglutinating activity. glycoproteins, such as mucin and fetuin, showed efficient inhibi ... | 1997 | 9302213 |
| [the problem of the clinico-etiological classification of diseases caused by vibrios and the evaluation of the epidemiological significance of different ecovars of vibrio cholerae eltor]. | 1997 | 9304318 | |
| [a comparative study of the immunogenicity of a bacterial mass and of the cell membranes of vibrio cholerae grown in vivo and in vitro]. | the comparative study of the immunogenic and protective properties of v. cholerae, grown in vivo and in vitro, and cell walls and lysates obtained from these organisms. in the mouse protection test the efficacy of preparations obtained from vibrios grown in vivo did not exceed that of the preparations obtained from v. cholerae agar cultures. | 1997 | 9304333 |
| [the evaluation of the virulent properties of vibrio cholerae o1 by using in-vitro methods]. | the virulent properties of v. cholerae o1 (more than 1000 strains) were studied. for this purpose the following methods were used: the determination of hemolytic activity, the express method based on the determination of the speed of mannite oxidation, complex analysis and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the comparative analysis of the results of the in vitro determination of virulence revealed that the most frequently occurring strains among the strains isolated from humans were vct+ strains ( ... | 1997 | 9304335 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in less than five years old children hospitalised for watery diarrhoea in delhi, 1993. | in delhi, patients with cholera-like illness are admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. in 1993, rectal swabs from 836 such patients aged less than five years were examined for the presence of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. of them, 232 (28%), 180 (22%), and 424 (51%) were found suffering from o1 cholera, o139 cholera, and non-cholera watery diarrhoea respectively. twelve children (1.4%) excreted both v. cholerae o1 and o139. both types of cholera were similarly distributed by age, with 19% ... | 1997 | 9308293 |
| characterization of filamentous phages of vibrio cholerae o139 and o1. | we have analyzed our collection of vibrio cholerae o139 strains to determine whether filamentous phages are produced in their culture supernatants, and whether any replicative form of dna is detectable in cell lysates. two types of filamentous phage, designated fs1 (6.4 kb) and fs2 (8.5 kb), were found in strains of vibrio cholerae o139, fs1 was commonly produced from clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae o1. infectious particles (filamentous phages) were inducible by subculture, mitomycin c, and ... | 1997 | 9311128 |
| [toxigenic vibrio cholerae: identification of the ctxb gene]. | a specific probe was designed to identify part of the genetic sequence of the ctxb gene which encodes for the b subunit of the cholera toxin by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) which amplifies a 318 bp segment of the ctxb gene. marked with p32, we used this probe for colony hybridization which is a technique for identifying the production capacity of subunit b of strains of vibrio cholerae o1 from different outbreaks in south america (perú 1992 and ecuador 1993-1995) and from, collection strains. ... | 1997 | 9312275 |
| phenotypic and genotypic changes in vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | to find reasons for the recent decline of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal cholera in bangladesh, phenotypic and genotypic changes in o139 isolates obtained from patients with cholera from 1993 to 1996 were studied. the isolates were tested for the presence of ctx and tcpa genes, hemagglutinin/protease (ha/p), capsule, d-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha), l-fucose-sensitive hemagglutinin (fsha), tube test (tube) and camp test (camp) hemolytic activities, resistance to 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl ... | 1997 | 9316912 |
| tracking of clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae o1 strains by combined analysis of the presence of toxin cassette, plasmid content and eric pcr. | clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae o1 strains associated with the cholera epidemic in the luanda province of angola from 1991 to 1994 were tracked by toxin distribution, plasmid content and chromosomal polymorphism of the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences by pcr fingerprinting. to follow the distribution of ace, zot and ctxa toxin genes, 6 specific pcr tests were applied to 100 vibrio strains, after preliminary hybridization experiments. clinical isolates o ... | 1997 | 9322067 |
| cholera in vietnam. | 1997 | 9322286 | |
| the secy gene of v. cholerae: identification, cloning and characterization. | the secy gene of vibrio cholerae has been cloned and the complete nt sequence determined. it codes for a protein of 438 aa residues which functions as a translocator through which proteins cross the inner membrane. it can substitute for the escherichia coli secy protein and can suppress the phenotypic traits associated with e. coli secy mutants. the v. cholerae secy gene has about 71 and 83% similarity at the nt and aa levels respectively with the e. coli secy gene. vibrio cholerae secy, similar ... | 1997 | 9322765 |
| flow cytometric analysis for adhesion of vibrio cholerae to human intestinal epithelial cell. | the adhesion of vibrio cholerae o1 strains to human intestinal epithelial cell, intestine 407, was analyzed by flow cytometer. according to positive percentages of intestine 407 cells adhered by v. cholerae, two groups of v. cholerae strains were classified as follows: more adhesive (more than 50%), less adhesive (less than 50%) strains. in addition, the fluorescence intensity after attachment of v. cholerae was directly correlated to the number of the microorganisms. it was concluded that flow ... | 1997 | 9324220 |
| phenotypic and genotypic biotyping of environmental strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated in italy. | the purpose of this study was to characterize strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated in italy from different sources by biochemical and serological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and molecular biotyping. serotyping and genomic analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis proved to be useful in discriminating the isolates. the data obtained show a wide heterogeneity at the genomic level, and in keeping with this, the serogrouping classification provided evidence of a high variabil ... | 1997 | 9327577 |
| bactericidal activity against vibrio cholerae of chemical products used in lemon production in tucumán, argentina. | the present research was set up to verify whether the chemical products used in lemon production (from cultivation until packaging) have a bactericidal or a bacteriostatic ability against vibrio cholerae o1. the studied products were: copper oxychloride, benomil (a carbamate), active chlorine, sodium-o-phenylphenoate, guazatine (a polyamine mixture), imazalil (an imidazole) and lemon peel. the latter was studied with and without treatment using the above mentioned chemicals. different dilutions ... | 1997 | 9331994 |
| [foods responsible for transmission of cholera: factors favoring survival of vibrio and preventive measures]. | 1997 | 9333305 | |
| molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from colombia. | a total of 173 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from the recent cholera epidemic in colombia was analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the genes encoding the a subunit of cholera toxin (ctxa) and the zonula occludens toxin (zot), and by ribotyping. all isolates were positive for ctx a and zot, which was confirmed by hybridisation. ribotyping with restriction endonuclease bg/i digestion of total dna revealed three ribotypes: b5a comprising 165 (96.4%) isolates, and two new designated rib ... | 1997 | 9236746 |
| leukosialin (cd43) is proteolytically cleaved from stimulated hmc-1 cells. | leukosialin (cd43), the major sialoprotein on circulating leukocytes, has been previously described to be down-regulated on neutrophils following activation with phorbol myristate acetate (pma). the other single cells previously examined, blood lymphocytes, do not down-regulate cd43 when stimulated by pma. recently, we have characterized leukosialin on the human mast cell line hmc-1 and observed that leukosialin is down-regulated after stimulation with pma. in the present study, we have investig ... | 1997 | 9241533 |
| survival in a cruel world: how vibrio cholerae and salmonella respond to an unwilling host. | 1997 | 9242485 | |
| [the characteristics of the protectiveness of a preparation of vibrio cholerae outer membrane based on the data from a study using the ligated intestinal loop]. | the study aimed at finding out the antiadhesive capacity of antigenic preparation, earlier obtained from v. cholerae outer membrane and highly effective with respect to cholera infection, was undertaken. the study was made on previously immunized adult rabbits who had been subjected to laparotomy under anesthesia and the ligation of intestinal loops, subsequently inoculated with the broth culture of v. cholerae eltor (p-3122, serovar ogawa). the intestinal loops were studied histologically and b ... | 1997 | 9245140 |
| mode of primary binding to target membranes and pore formation induced by vibrio cholerae cytolysin (hemolysin). | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is produced by many non-choleratoxigenic strains of v. cholerae, and possibly represents a relevant pathogenicity determinant of these bacteria. the protein is secreted as a pro-toxin that is proteolytically cleaved to yield the active toxin with a molecular mass of approximately 63 kda. we here describe a simple procedure for preparative isolation of mature vcc from bacterial culture supernatants, and present information on its mode of binding and pore formation ... | 1997 | 9249028 |
| structural studies on the short-chain lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | a vibrio cholerae o139 strain, mo10-t4, lacking capsular polysaccharide, produces a short-chain lipopolysaccharide (lps), similar to enterobacterial sr strains. it was studied by acidic and alkaline degradation, dephosphorylation, sugar and methylation analysis, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, one- and two-dimensional 1h-, 13c-, and 31p-nmr spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. the following structure was proposed for the core region of the lps: [structure: ... | 1997 | 9249053 |
| synthesis of the dodecasaccharide fragment representing the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa, bearing an aglycon offering flexibility for chemical linking to proteins. | two azidohexasaccharide building blocks, of which the glycosyl acceptor was the 5-(methoxycarbonyl)pentyl glycoside, were coupled using the trichloroacetimidate technology. the 12 azido functions present in the dodecasaccharide thus formed were then converted to amino groups using hydrogen sulfide as a reducing reagent. subsequent n-acylation with 4-o-benzyl-l-glycero-tetronic acid, followed by catalytic debenzylation yielded the desired spacer-equipped, title dodecasaccharide. | 1997 | 9249140 |
| effect of alum on free-living and copepod-associated vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | the effects of alum [kal(so4)2] on free-living and copepod-associated vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 were investigated by using plate counts and immunofluorescence direct viable counting (dvc). growth of alum-treated cells in 0.5/1000 instant ocean seawater was inhibited, i.e., no growth was obtained on luria-bertani (lb) agar or thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose (tcbs) agar. however, a significant number of the inhibited cells maintained viability, as measured by dvc. in comparison, a signific ... | 1997 | 9251224 |
| conversion by peyer's patch lymphocytes of human enterocytes into m cells that transport bacteria. | the epithelium that lines the gut is impermeable to macromolecules and microorganisms, except in peyer's patches (pps), where the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium (fae) contains m cells that transport antigens and microorganisms. a cultured system that reproduces the main characteristics of fae and m cells was established by cultivation of pp lymphocytes with the differentiated human intestinal cell line caco-2. lymphocytes settled into the epithelial monolayer, inducing reorganization of ... | 1997 | 9252325 |
| recent trends on bacterial resistance to antibiotics. | antimicrobial resistance has become a major medical and public health problem. the main factor responsible for development and spread of bacterial resistance is injudicious use of antimicrobial agents which has resulted in most gram positive and gram negative bacteria continuously developing resistance to the antimicrobials in regular use at different time periods. in east africa, among e. coli in urinary tract infections, more than 80% are currently resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and te ... | 1997 | 9185405 |
| antibiotic resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae and shigella causing diarrhoea outbreaks in the eastern africa region: 1994-1996. | between march 1994 and december 1996, 1797 rectal swabs were transported to the amref laboratory from sites in six countries in the eastern africa region: 1749 were cultured for vibrio cholerae and 48 for shigella/salmonella. culture, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standardized techniques. the isolates were categorized as sensitive or resistant based on standardized zones of inhibition. the rate of isolation of v. cholerae from rectal swabs i ... | 1997 | 9185422 |
| immune responses towards intestinal bacteria--current concepts and future perspectives. | the intestinal mucosa constitutes an important barrier as it separates each individual from a large array of antigens within the bowel lumen. these luminal antigens may either be derived from pathogens or may be derived from harmless constituents such as ingested food or the normal intestinal flora. the dichotomy of potentially harmful and potentially harmless antigens encountered by the mucosal immune system poses the important task that, with regard to bacteria-derived antigens, the gut associ ... | 1997 | 9188147 |
| cross-species induction of luminescence in the quorum-sensing bacterium vibrio harveyi. | different species of bacteria were tested for production of extracellular autoinducer-like activities that could stimulate the expression of the luminescence genes in vibrio harveyi. several species of bacteria, including the pathogens vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus, were found to produce such activities. possible physiological roles for the two v. harveyi detection-response systems and their joint regulation are discussed. | 1997 | 9190823 |
| simulation of protein-sugar interactions: a computational model of the complex between ganglioside gm1 and the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli. | the cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae (ct) and the 80% homologous heat-labile toxin of escherichia coli (lt) are two well-known cases of sugar-binding proteins. the gm1:toxin complexes were chosen as test cases for the elaboration of a computational approach to the modeling of protein-saccharide interactions. the reliability of the method was evaluated on the lt:lactose complex. a model of this complex was built by performing a mc/em conformational search of the sugar moiety within the binding ... | 1997 | 9191962 |
| intracellular transport and processing of protein toxins produced by enteric bacteria. | bacterial toxins are associated with disease in humans and animals. toxins can either be preformed in food or produced by bacteria in the intestine. there are two types of toxins: heat-labile protein toxins and heat stabile toxins. heat labile toxins are produced by bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae, and heat-stabile enterotoxins consisting of relatively few amino acids are produced by escherichia coli and acts by activation of guanylate cyclase. sim ... | 1997 | 9192018 |
| cholera and myocarditis--a case report. | the authors describe the case of a fifty-nine-year-old white man, previously in good health, who initiated his present illness with acute episode of enterocolitis characterized by mild fever and, in the next eight hours, twenty-four episodes of watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, as well as generalized sweating and severe weakness secondary to hypovolemia and electrolyte disorder. these complications were corrected in seventy-two hours in the intensive care unit. two days later, when the patie ... | 1997 | 9194541 |
| comparison of direct-plating and enrichment methods for isolation of vibrio cholerae from diarrhea patients. | a direct-plating method on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar (dir-tcbs) in conjunction with enrichment in alkaline peptone water (apw) incubated for both 6 h and 24 h followed by subculture onto tcbs (apw6h-tcbs and apw24h-tcbs, respectively) was performed on 16,034 rectal swab samples for isolating vibrio cholerae. a total of 2,932 (18.3%) rectal swab samples were positive for v. cholerae o1 biotype el tor, with the ogawa serotype constituting 99.2% of the isolates. there were no sign ... | 1997 | 9196208 |
| cholera situation in the americas, 1996. | 1997 | 9197083 | |
| out with the jab, in with the painless pills. | 1997 | 9198701 | |
| protective immunity against clostridium difficile toxin a induced by oral immunization with a live, attenuated vibrio cholerae vector strain. | clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis through the action of rho-modifying proteins, toxins a and b. antibodies directed against c. difficile toxin a prevent or limit c. difficile-induced colitis. we engineered plasmid petr14, containing the hlyb and hlyd genes of the escherichia coli hemolysin operon, to express a fusion protein containing 720 amino acid residues from the nontoxic, receptor-binding, carboxy terminus of c. difficile toxin a and the secretion signal of e. coli hemo ... | 1997 | 9199470 |
| vlpa of vibrio cholerae o1: the first bacterial member of the alpha 2-microglobulin lipocalin superfamily. | we have identified a gene, vlpa, which is closely linked to the mfra,b locus associated with mannose-fucose-resistant haemagglutination. vlpa is an outer-membrane protein which can be labelled with [3h]palmitate and whose processing is globomycin-sensitive, suggesting that it is a lipoprotein. homology searches revealed that vlpa belongs to the group of lipocalins of the alpha 2-microglobulin superfamily which function as small hydrophobic molecule transporters, and is the first identified bacte ... | 1997 | 9202455 |
| membrane attack induced by hlya, a pore-forming toxin of vibrio cholerae. | determining the activity of purified toxins has generally provided the basis for establishing their role in the host-pathogen relationship. the bacterial genus vibrio produces a number of exotoxins in addition to cholera toxin, including haemolysin a (hlya; vibrio cholerae) and thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh; vibrio parahaemolyticus), both of which possess membrane-targeting cytolytic activity. the action of hlya has been analyzed using protocols previously applied to tdh: lysis and flux ex ... | 1997 | 9051414 |
| comparison between the multiplex pcr, sensitivity to biotype specific phages & polymyxin b for biotyping of vibrio cholerae o1. | a total of 196 vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated between 1970 and 1996 were biotyped by multiplex pcr, susceptibility to polymyxin b and sensitivity to biotype specific phages. we modified the multiplex pcr by increasing the primer concentration of tcpa to improve the results. comparison of the results of modified multiplex pcr and sensitivity to biotype specific phages and to polymyxin b showed that multiplex pcr was as efficient as phage typing for biotyping of v. cholerae o1. all the strain ... | 1997 | 9439092 |
| cholera in a developing megacity; karachi, pakistan. | despite rapid urbanization and increasing affluence in karachi, cases of cholera are frequent. we analysed computerized isolation data from the akuh clinical microbiology laboratory, karachi, from 1990-6 to examine microbiological, temporal and demographic trends in vibrio cholerae infections. during this period 888 strains of v. cholerae (566 v. cholerae serogroup o1, and 204 v. cholerae serogroup o139) were isolated from specimens from 886 patients; 214/464 were adult inpatients, and 250/464 p ... | 1997 | 9440430 |
| a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods. | a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods was developed. the protocol used a universal culture medium and the same pcr conditions with 13 sets of specific primers. the 13 species of foodborne pathogens examined were escherichia coli, e. coli-etec, e. coli-o157:h7, shigella spp., salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus ... | 1997 | 9449811 |
| molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from sporadic cholera cases in okinawa, japan. | in july 1994, 6 cholera cases due to vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa sporadically appeared in okinawa. all 6 patients had no history of traveling abroad. in the period of this cholera outbreak, a strain of v. cholerae o1 el tor ogawa was detected from an imported fish at the naha port quarantine station. the isolates were characterized to clarify whether or not, they belonged to a common clone. phenotypes were identical except that one strain revealed cured celebes and the others were original c ... | 1997 | 9444327 |
| [the characteristics of the current stage in the development of the 7th cholera pandemic]. | the state and tendencies in the development of the epidemiological situation in cholera in the world (1961-1996) are evaluated. as revealed in this investigation, at the modern stage the development of the 7th pandemic characterized by the formation of stable and temporary endemic foci in a number of countries of asia, africa, central and south america and by the import of cholera from these foci to different countries of the world, including the cis countries and russia. the "trigger mechanism" ... | 1997 | 9460863 |
| structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae serotype o22. | the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio cholerae serogroup o22 was elucidated. the lps was subjected to a variety of degradative procedures, and the structures of the purified products were established by monosaccharide and methylation analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. the following structure for the complete lps molecule was determined on the basis of the combined data from these experiments. [formula: see text] the elucidation of ... | 1997 | 9468625 |
| studies on antimicrobial effect of the antihistaminic phenothiazine trimeprazine tartrate. | the antibacterial and bactericidal activities of the antihistamine trimeprazine were studied against 243 strains of bacteria which included both gram positive and gram negative types. the susceptibility of these bacterial strains to trimeprazine was assessed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) which was found to be between 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. nineteen strains of staphylococcus spp. and salmonella spp. were trimeprazine. most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp. ... | 1997 | 9468728 |
| [non-01 vibrio cholerae serogroup in mediterranean waters]. | 1997 | 9470189 | |
| [frequency of vibrio cholerae isolation from water and plankton of the lower salado river basin (santa fe, argentina)]. | in the lower salado river basin 85 samples of water and 40 of plankton were collected from january 1993 to december 1996. in the 69.4% of the water samples and in the 75% of the plankton samples vibrio cholerae was detected. none of the isolate strains belonged to o1 and o139 serogroups. the seasonality in the frequency of isolation of v. cholerae tested by multiple proportions comparison test was not confirmed (p > 0.05). there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the isolation frequ ... | 1997 | 9472141 |
| screening of tnphoa mutants of vibrio cholerae o139 for identification of antigens involved in colonisation. | a new serogroup of vibrio cholerae non-o1, designated as o139, has emerged causing cholera-like disease among adults. laboratory and field studies clearly show that there is no cross-protection between o1 and o139 pathogenic strains. since colonisation of the intestine is a most important step in the pathogenesis of cholera caused by o1 strains and colonising antigens are known to be protective, investigation of the colonising antigens of o139 strain was initiated. by tnphoa mutagenesis, mutants ... | 1997 | 9402922 |
| morphological features of a filamentous phage of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | a filamentous phage was isolated from carrier strain ai-1841 of vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal and thus was termed fs phage. the phage was measured to be approximately 1 microm in length and 6 nm in width. one end of the phage was slightly tapered and had a fibrous appendage. the plaques developed on strain ai-4450 of v. cholerae 0139 were small and turbid. the phage grew in strain ai-4450 and reached a size of 10(8) to 10(9) pfu/ml at 5 hr after infection without inducing any lysis of the host bac ... | 1997 | 9403498 |
| loss of biological activity due to glu-->arg mutation at residue 11 of the b subunit of cholera toxin. | since it has been reported that a single amino acid mutation of gly-->arg in the cagyc region of the beta chain of human thyroid stimulating hormone (htsh) was responsible for congenital isolated tsh deficiency, and that the same amino acid substitution in this site of htsh and human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) introduced by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in loss of activity, the authors studied the role of glutamic acid at position 11 (glu-11) from the n-terminus of the b subunit of choler ... | 1997 | 9405207 |
| substrate recognition by the leucyl/phenylalanyl-trna-protein transferase. conservation within the enzyme family and localization to the trypsin-resistant domain. | the leucyl/phenylalanyl-trna-protein transferase (l/f-transferase) from escherichia coli catalyzes a peptidyltransferase reaction that results in the n-terminal aminoacylation of acceptor proteins using leu-, phe-, and met-trnas as amino acid donors. we demonstrated that l/f-transferase homologs are widely distributed throughout the eubacteria, supporting our proposal that the enzyme family is ancient and catalyzes early peptide bond synthesis. however, here we present data suggesting that the l ... | 1997 | 9407082 |
| differential regulation of fasa and fash expression of escherichia coli 987p fimbriae by environmental cues. | an early process in the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria is colonization of the intestinal epithelium leading to local multiplication, pathophysiological interactions with the host and further spreading. attachment is typically mediated by bacterial fimbriae, which are selectively expressed during growth in the intestine. here we report an analysis of the regulation of 987p fimbrial expression of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). expression of both fash, the transcriptional activator of t ... | 1997 | 9379907 |
| [vibrio cholerae o1 in fecal samples from the urban population of manacapuru, am]. | the study was carried out to identify asymptomatic carriers of v. cholerae o1 in manacapuru, am. 1249 feces samples was obtained by rectal swab and cultivated. had no growth of v. cholerae. on the other hand were isolated and identified: v. furnissii in 12 (0.9%) samples, v. fluvialis in 4 (0.3%) and v. hollisae in 1 (0.1%). | 1997 | 9380902 |
| bacterial ghosts as multifunctional vaccine particles. | expression of cloned phix174 gene e in gram-negative bacteria results in lysis of the bacteria by formation of an e-specific transmembrane tunnel structure built through the cell envelope complex. bacterial ghosts have been produced from a variety of bacteria including escherichia coli. salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio cholerae, klebsiella pneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and helicobacter py ... | 1997 | 9382740 |
| the omps maltoporin of vibrio cholerae as carrier of foreign epitopes. | insertion of additional epitopes to outer membrane proteins can lead to display of the hybrid protein on the bacterial outer surface. omps is the maltoporin of vibrio cholerae and forms trimeric pores which function in uptake of maltose and maltodextrins through the membrane. omps is present in all v. cholerae 01 and 0139 strains. each monomer traverses the membrane 18 times and has thus 9 loops facing the outside world. we have developed an omps-expression-plasmid based system where foreign epi ... | 1997 | 9382764 |
| characteristics of non-o1 vibrio cholerae isolated from the effluents of a treatment plant. | we report the results of a study concerning the characteristics of 19 non-o1 vibrio cholerae strains isolated from the incoming sewage and the effluents of the treatment plant in bologna (italy). these strains were compared to those of a strain of vibrio cholerae biotype el tor. the behaviour of the non-o1 vibrios was seen to be quite similar to those of the el tor biotype in all aspects studied and antigenic correlations were found by means of immunoblotting and cytotoxin production on vero cel ... | 1997 | 9385600 |
| [bacterial diversity during the cholera epidemic in dakar, senegal (1995-1996)]. | vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa and biotype el tor (76.1%) was responsible of the outbreak of cholera in dakar, senegal (1995-1996). however, other bacteria were isolated, particularly vibrio cholerae non o:1/non o:139, vibrio fluvialis, vibrio alginolyticus. vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella sp.p, shigella sp.p (23.9%). the vibrio cholerae o:1 strains are multiresistant to sulfonamide, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol. 97% were also resistant to o/129 compound. fluoroquinolone and 3rd ge ... | 1997 | 9410248 |
| crystal structure of heat-labile enterotoxin from escherichia coli with increased thermostability introduced by an engineered disulfide bond in the a subunit. | cholera toxin (ct) produced by vibrio cholerae and heat-labile enterotoxin (lt-i), produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, are ab5 heterohexamers with an adp-ribosylating a subunit and a gm1 receptor binding b pentamer. these toxins are among the most potent mucosal adjuvants known and, hence, are of interest both for the development of anti-diarrheal vaccines against cholera or enterotoxigenic escherichia coli diarrhea and also for vaccines in general. however, the a subunits of ct and lt ... | 1997 | 9416616 |
| cholera in lima, peru, correlates with prior isolation of vibrio cholerae from the environment. | the authors utilized a recently developed dna probe technique to obtain quantitative data on occurrence of vibrio cholerae in samples collected monthly from 12 environmental sites in lima, peru, from november 1993 through march 1995. peak v. cholerae counts ranged from 10(2)/ml to 10(5)/ml, with the highest counts in sewage-contaminated areas and irrigation water. with our methodology, no v. cholerae cases were detected at any site during the winter months of july through october. counts were de ... | 1997 | 9420531 |
| rfah and the ops element, components of a novel system controlling bacterial transcription elongation. | the rfah protein controls the transcription of a specialized group of escherichia coli and salmonella operons that direct the synthesis, assembly and export of the lipopolysaccharide core, exopolysaccharide, f conjugation pilus and haemolysin toxin. rfah is a specific regulator of transcript elongation; its loss increases transcription polarity in these operons without affecting initiation from the operon promoters. the operons of the rfah-dependent regulon contain a short conserved 5' sequence, ... | 1997 | 9426123 |
| characterization of hapr, a positive regulator of the vibrio cholerae ha/protease gene hap, and its identification as a functional homologue of the vibrio harveyi luxr gene. | the vibrio cholerae ha/protease gene (hap) promoter is inactive in escherichia coli. we cloned and sequenced the 0.7kb hap promoter fragment from strain 3083-2 and showed that hap is located immediately 3' of ompw, encoding a minor outer membrane protein. a clone from a genomic library of strain 3083-2 was isolated, which was required for activation of the hap promoter in e. coli. expression from the hap promoter only occurred late in the growth phase. a single complete open reading frame (orf) ... | 1997 | 9426139 |
| vcr repetitive sequence elements in the vibrio cholerae chromosome constitute a mega-integron. | 1997 | 9426148 |