Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| bioimage analysis of shigella infection reveals targeting of colonic crypts. | few studies within the pathogenic field have used advanced imaging and analytical tools to quantitatively measure pathogenicity in vivo. in this work, we present a novel approach for the investigation of host-pathogen processes based on medium-throughput 3d fluorescence imaging. the guinea pig model for shigella flexneri invasion of the colonic mucosa was used to monitor the infectious process over time with gfp-expressing s. flexneri. a precise quantitative imaging protocol was devised to follo ... | 2015 | 26056271 |
| draft genomes of shigella strains used by the stopenterics consortium. | despite a significant global burden of disease, there is still no vaccine against shigellosis widely available. one aim of the european union funded stopenterics consortium is to develop vaccine candidates against shigella. given the importance of translational vaccine coverage, here we aimed to characterise the shigella strains being used by the consortium by whole genome sequencing, and report on the stability of strains cultured in different laboratories or through serial passage. | 2015 | 26042182 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella flexneri serotype 1b isolates in china. | shigella flexneri serotype 1b is among the most prominent serotypes in developing countries, followed by serotype 2a. however, only limited data is available on the global phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of s. flexneri 1b. in the present study, 40 s. flexneri 1b isolates from different regions of china were confirmed by serotyping and biochemical characterization. antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 85% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant strains and antibiotic susce ... | 2015 | 26039698 |
| shigella flexneri cell-to-cell spread, and growth and inflammation in mice, is limited by the outer membrane protease icsp. | the shigella flexneri autotransporter protein icsa is essential for intra- and intercellular spread, and icsa mutants are attenuated in several models. however, the pathogenic significance of the outer membrane protease icsp, which orchestrates the polar distribution of icsa on the bacterial surface, remains unclear. to further examine this point, we constructed icsp mutants in the two most commonly studied s. flexneri strains and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo performance relative to wild ... | 2015 | 26025071 |
| draft genome sequence of 24570, the type strain of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is a diarrheal pathogen that causes a large disease burden worldwide. we sequenced the genome of the publicly available type strain (s. flexneri 2a strain 24570) of this bacterial species to increase its utility as a reference. we present genome assembly results and comparisons with other reference strains. | 2015 | 26021915 |
| escape of actively secreting shigella flexneri from atg8/lc3-positive vacuoles formed during cell-to-cell spread is facilitated by icsb and vira. | the enteropathogenic bacterium shigella flexneri uses a type 3 secretion apparatus (t3sa) to transfer proteins dubbed translocators and effectors inside host cells, inducing bacterial uptake and subsequent lysis of the entry vacuole. once in the cytoplasm, the outer membrane protein icsa induces actin polymerization, enabling cytoplasmic movement and cell-to-cell spread of bacteria. during this infectious process, s. flexneri is targeted by atg8/lc3. the effector icsb was proposed to inhibit lc3 ... | 2015 | 26015503 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of shigella flexneri serotype 2 variant in china. | shigella flexneri serotype 2 variant (ii:3,4,7,8) was isolated in 2008 and first reported in china in 2013. in the present study, epidemiological surveillance from 2003 to 2013 in china suggested that this serotype first appeared in guangxi in 2003; it then emerged in shanghai and xinjiang in 2004 and in henan in 2008. of the 1813 s. flexneri isolates, 58 s. flexneri serotype 2 variant strains were identified. serotype 2 variant has emerged as a prominent serotype in recent years, with 2a (32.6% ... | 2015 | 25999941 |
| effect of combination therapy between thyme oil and ciprofloxacin on ulcer-forming shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacteria that has the ability to invade the epithelium of the colon and cause colon ulcers. | 2015 | 25989168 |
| shigella flexneri: a cause of significant morbidity and associated with sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men. | 2015 | 25970314 | |
| intensified shigellosis epidemic associated with sexual transmission in men who have sex with men--shigella flexneri and s. sonnei in england, 2004 to end of february 2015. | surveillance data suggest an intensification of the shigellosis epidemic associated with sexual transmissionin men who have sex with men (msm) in england with separate introductions into the population. in 2014, sexual transmission between msm might have accounted for 97%, 89%, and 43% of non-travel associated shigella flexneri 3a and s. flexneri 2a, ands. sonnei diagnoses. clinicians should sensitively ascertain sexual history for men with enteric infections to facilitate prompt diagnosis and a ... | 2015 | 25953129 |
| intercontinental dissemination of azithromycin-resistant shigellosis through sexual transmission: a cross-sectional study. | shigellosis is an acute, severe bacterial colitis that, in high-income countries, is typically associated with travel to high-risk regions (africa, asia, and latin america). since the 1970s, shigellosis has also been reported as a sexually transmitted infection in men who have sex with men (msm), in whom transmission is an important component of shigellosis epidemiology in high-income nations. we aimed to use sophisticated subtyping and international sampling to determine factors driving shigell ... | 2015 | 25936611 |
| shigella flexneri serotype 3a: the rise of a superbug. | 2015 | 25936610 | |
| sex, drugs and smart phone applications: findings from semistructured interviews with men who have sex with men diagnosed with shigella flexneri 3a in england and wales. | to inform control strategies undertaken as part of an outbreak of shigella flexneri 3a among men who have sex with men (msm). | 2015 | 25921020 |
| molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant shigella spp. of food origin. | shigella spp. are the causative agents of food-borne shigellosis, an acute enteric infection. the emergence of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of shigella presents an increasing challenge for clinicians in the treatment of shigellosis. several studies worldwide have characterized the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance in clinical shigella isolates of human origin, however, to date, no such characterization has been reported for shigella spp. of food origin. in this study, we characte ... | 2015 | 25485847 |
| isolation and development of bioluminescent reporter phages for bacterial dysentery. | shigellosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, most notably amongst children. moreover, there is a global increase in the occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates, including the epidemic and pandemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain. we developed a bioluminescent reporter phage assay to facilitate detection and simultaneously determine antibiotic susceptibility. a shigella flexneri phage (shfl25875) was isolated from environmental wastewater and characterized by dna ... | 2015 | 25252629 |
| intracellular and membrane-damaging activities of methyl gallate isolated from terminalia chebula against multidrug-resistant shigella spp. | shigella spp. (shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei) cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), which is characterized by bloody mucous diarrhoea. although a variety of antibiotics have been effective for treatment of shigellosis, options are becoming limited due to globally emerging drug resistance. in the present study, in vitro antibacterial activity of methyl gallate (mg) isolated from terminalia chebula was determined by performing mic, minimal bacteric ... | 2015 | 26272388 |
| shigella outer membrane protein pssp-1 is broadly protective against shigella infection. | in developing countries, shigella is a primary cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. although antibiotic therapy is an effective treatment for shigellosis, therapeutic options are narrowing due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. thus, preventive vaccination could become the most efficacious approach for controlling shigellosis. we have identified several conserved protein antigens that are shared by multiple shigella serotypes and species. among these, one antigen induced cros ... | 2015 | 25651919 |
| the n terminus of type iii secretion needle protein yscf from yersinia pestis functions to modulate innate immune responses. | the type iii secretion system is employed by many pathogens, including the genera yersinia, shigella, pseudomonas, and salmonella, to deliver effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. the injectisome needle is formed by the polymerization of a single protein, e.g., yscf (yersinia pestis), pscf (pseudomonas aeruginosa), prgi (salmonella enterica spi-1), ssag (salmonella enterica spi-2), or mxih (shigella flexneri). in this study, we demonstrated that the n termini of some needle proteins, particul ... | 2015 | 25644012 |
| biophysical characterization of the type iii secretion tip proteins and the tip proteins attached to bacterium-like particles. | bacterium-like particles (blps), derived from lactococcus lactis, offer a self-adjuvanting delivery vehicle for subunit protein vaccines. proteins can be specifically loaded onto the blps via a peptidoglycan anchoring (pa) domain. in this study, the tip proteins ipad, sipd, and lcrv belonging to type iii secretion systems of shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica, and yersinia enterocolitica, respectively, were fused to the pa and loaded onto the blps. herein, we biophysically characterized thes ... | 2015 | 24916512 |
| development of a multi-pathogen enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of five common foodborne pathogens. | the objective of the present study was to formulate a multi-pathogen enrichment broth which could support the simultaneous growth of five common foodborne pathogens (salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7). the formulated broth sssle was composed of potassium tellurite, bile salt, lithium chloride, and sodium chloride as growth-inhibitors; glucose, esculin, mannitol and sodium pyruvate as growth-promoters. compared with ... | 2015 | 26782652 |
| bacterial spread from cell to cell: beyond actin-based motility. | several intracellular pathogens display the ability to propagate within host tissues by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. as motile bacteria reach cell-cell contacts they form plasma membrane protrusions that project into adjacent cells and resolve into vacuoles from which the pathogen escapes, thereby achieving spread from cell to cell. seminal studies have defined the bacterial and cellular factors that support actin-based motility. by contrast, the mechanisms s ... | 2015 | 26021574 |
| the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a promotes shigella flexneri dissemination through formation of vacuole-like protrusions. | intracellular pathogens such as shigella flexneri and listeria monocytogenes achieve dissemination in the intestinal epithelium by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. as they reach the cell periphery, motile bacteria form plasma membrane protrusions that resolve into vacuoles in adjacent cells, through a poorly understood mechanism. here, we report on the role of the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a in s. flexneri dissemination. time-lapse mi ... | 2015 | 25667265 |
| antibacterial activity of lactobacillus spp. isolated from the feces of healthy infants against enteropathogenic bacteria. | lactobacilli are normal microflora of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and are a heterogeneous group of lactic acid bacteria (lab). lactobacillus strains with probiotic activity may have health benefits for human. this study investigates the probiotic potential of lactobacillus strains obtained from the feces of healthy infants and also explores antibacterial activity of lactobacillus strains with probiotic potential against enteropathogenic bacteria. fecal samples were collected from 95 healthy ... | 2015 | 25930687 |
| attributes of carbapenemase encoding conjugative plasmid pndm-sal from an extensively drug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg. | a carbapenem resistant salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg isolate bch 2406 was isolated from a diarrheal child attending an outpatient unit of b.c. roy hospital in kolkata, india. this isolate was positive for the bla ndm-1 in the pcr assay, which was confirmed by amplicon sequencing. except for tetracycline, this isolate was resistant to all the tested antimicrobials. the bla ndm-1 was found to be located on a 146.13-kb mega plasmid pndm-sal, which could be conjugally transferred into esch ... | 2015 | 26441902 |
| microbial contamination of street vended foods from a university campus in bangladesh. | the microbiological quality of street vended food samples from dhaka, bangladesh was evaluated. the objective of the study was to identify the presence of common pathogens (escherichia coli, shigella spp, salmonella and vibrio spp) and to describe the molecular characterization of e coli, a commonly found pathogen in various street foods. fifty food samples were collected from fixed and mobile vendors from two sampling locations (mohakhali and aftabnagar) in dhaka city, bangladesh. the tested sa ... | 2015 | 26521522 |
| prediction of intra-species protein-protein interactions in enteropathogens facilitating systems biology study. | protein-protein interactions in escherichia coli (e. coli) has been studied extensively using high throughput methods such as tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry and yeast two-hybrid method. this can in turn be used to understand the mechanisms of bacterial cellular processes. however, experimental characterization of such huge amount of interactions data is not available for other important enteropathogens. here, we propose a support vector machine (svm)-based prediction ... | 2015 | 26717407 |
| antimicrobial activity and the presence of virulence factors and bacteriocin structural genes in enterococcus faecium cm33 isolated from ewe colostrum. | screening of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from ewe colostrum led to the identification and isolation of enterococcus faecium cm33 with interesting features like high survival rates under acidic or bile salts condition, high tolerance for the simulated gastrointestinal condition, and high adhesive potential to caco-2 cells. according the inhibition of pathogen adhesion test results, this strain can reduce more than 50% adhesion capacity of escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, klebsiella pn ... | 2015 | 26284059 |
| structural and biochemical analysis of a single amino-acid mutant of wzzbsf that alters lipopolysaccharide o-antigen chain length in shigella flexneri. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), a surface polymer of gram-negative bacteria, helps bacteria survive in different environments and acts as a virulence determinant of host infection. the o-antigen (oag) component of lps exhibits a modal chain-length distribution that is controlled by polysaccharide co-polymerases (pcps). the molecular basis of the regulation of oag chain-lengths remains unclear, despite extensive mutagenesis and structural studies of pcps from escherichia coli and shigella. here, we ide ... | 2015 | 26378781 |
| broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds from the bacterium exiguobacterium mexicanum mssrfs9. | clinical bacterial pathogens front a major challenge for the clinical researchers and physicians. in particular microbial pathogens like escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, klebsiella pneumonia and salmonella enterica are apparelled with systemic machineries to bring down the human immune system as well as proliferate dramatically in a short period which in turn cause a pronounced ailment to the human health. in vitro evaluation of four purified compounds isolated from rhizosphere bacterium exi ... | 2015 | 26302848 |
| species-wide whole genome sequencing reveals historical global spread and recent local persistence in shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is the most common cause of bacterial dysentery in low-income countries. despite this, s. flexneri remains largely unexplored from a genomic standpoint and is still described using a vocabulary based on serotyping reactions developed over half-a-century ago. here we combine whole genome sequencing with geographical and temporal data to examine the natural history of the species. our analysis subdivides s. flexneri into seven phylogenetic groups (pgs); each containing two-or-mor ... | 2015 | 26238191 |
| the effect of quorum sensing system for growth competitiveness on shigella flexneri. | quorum sensing (qs) regulates the onset of bacterial social responses related to cell density. comparison between the gene sequences of all components of qs system of escherichia coli and shigella strains, shows that the qs system is generally lost or mutated in shigella. since ai-2 is produced and processed by the lsr operon, we analyzed the potential function of the lsr operon. we first detected ai-2 in shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 through the reporter bacteria vibrio harveyi bb170, indicat ... | 2015 | 25998438 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-producing shigella species isolated from french travellers returning from the caribbean: an emerging pathogen with international implications. | shiga toxins (stxs) are potent cytotoxins that inhibit host cell protein synthesis, leading to cell death. classically, these toxins are associated with intestinal infections due to stx-producing escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, and infections with these strains can lead to haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. over the past decade, there has been increasing recognition that stx is produced by additional shigella species. we recently reported the presence and expression of stx genes i ... | 2015 | 25980352 |
| engineering escherichia coli into a protein delivery system for mammalian cells. | many gram-negative pathogens encode type 3 secretion systems, sophisticated nanomachines that deliver proteins directly into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. these systems present attractive opportunities for therapeutic protein delivery applications; however, their utility has been limited by their inherent pathogenicity. here, we report the reengineering of a laboratory strain of escherichia coli with a tunable type 3 secretion system that can efficiently deliver heterologous proteins into ma ... | 2015 | 25853840 |
| formate hydrogen lyase mediates stationary-phase deacidification and increases survival during sugar fermentation in acetoin-producing enterobacteria. | two fermentation types exist in the enterobacteriaceae family. mixed-acid fermenters produce substantial amounts of lactate, formate, acetate, and succinate, resulting in lethal medium acidification. on the other hand, 2,3-butanediol fermenters switch to the production of the neutral compounds acetoin and 2,3-butanediol and even deacidify the environment after an initial acidification phase, thereby avoiding cell death. we equipped three mixed-acid fermenters (salmonella typhimurium, s. enteriti ... | 2015 | 25762991 |
| crystal structure of lpth, the periplasmic component of the lipopolysaccharide transport machinery from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the main glycolipid present in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane (om) of gram-negative bacteria, where it modulates om permeability, therefore preventing many toxic compounds from entering the cell. lps biogenesis is an essential process in gram-negative bacteria and thus is an ideal target pathway for the development of novel specific antimicrobials. the lipopolysaccharide transport (lpt) system is responsible for transporting lps from the periplasmic surface o ... | 2015 | 25735820 |
| first two domains at the lp_1643 protein n terminus inhibit pathogen adhesion to porcine mucus in vitro. | gastrointestinal probiotics are important members of intestinal microflora in both healthy animals and human beings, and these bacteria may reduce the risk of infection caused by certain opportunistic pathogens through exclusive inhibition, competition, and displacement. the lp_1643 protein on the cell surface of lactobacillus plantarum wcfsi was assumed to possess a mucus-binding capability. this study aimed to determine if purified his-n2 protein exclusively inhibits pathogen adhesion to porci ... | 2015 | 25710153 |
| distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enteric pathogens in chinese paediatric diarrhoea: a multicentre retrospective study, 2008-2013. | the enteric pathogens causing diarrhoea impair children's health severely. this study retrospectively analysed 1577 pathogens isolated from inpatients and outpatients in six hospitals located in northern (inner mongolia), northeastern (hebei), eastern (shanghai and jiangsu), southern (hainan) and central (hubei) china between 2008 and 2013. of the 1577 enteric pathogens, salmonella presented with the highest frequency (36·0%), followed by diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli (23·7%), staphylococcus a ... | 2015 | 25586929 |
| the serine protease pic from enteroaggregative escherichia coli mediates immune evasion by the direct cleavage of complement proteins. | enteroaggregative and uropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri 2a, and the hybrid enteroaggregative/shiga toxin-producing e. coli strain (o104:h4) are important pathogens responsible for intestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as sepsis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. they have in common the production of a serine protease called pic. several biological roles for pic have been described, including protection of e. coli dh5α from complement-mediated killing. hereby we showed that ... | 2015 | 25583166 |
| [preparation and identification of the polyclonal antibody against heat shock protein 70 (dnak) from shigella flexneri 5a m90t]. | to generate polyclonal antibodies against shigella flexneri 5a m90t heat shock protein 70 (dnak) and identify the specificity and titer of antibodies. | 2015 | 25575068 |
| short communication: in vitro assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of peel of citrus sinensis. | antibacterial effect of citrus sinensis peel extracts was evaluated against several pathogenic bacteria associated with human and fish infections viz., escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus epidermidis, serratia marcesnces, shigella flexneri, enterobacter amnigenus, salmonella typhimurium and serratia odorifera. methanol, ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether solvents were used for extraction. in vitro antiba ... | 2015 | 25553700 |
| characterization and bioactivities of an exopolysaccharide produced by lactobacillus plantarum yw32. | the exopolysaccharide (eps) produced by lactobacillus plantarum yw32 was purified and characterized, and the in vitro bioactivities of the purified eps were also evaluated. the eps had a molecular weight of 1.03×10(5) da, and it consisted of mannose, fructose, galactose and glucose in an approximate molar ratio of 8.2:1:4.1:4.2. microstructural studies of the eps demonstrated a web-like structure composed of compact ropes, and presence of many homogeneous rod-shaped lumps. the eps also showed hi ... | 2015 | 25532782 |
| identification and molecular characterisation of a novel mu-like bacteriophage, sfmu, of shigella flexneri. | s. flexneri is the leading cause of bacillary dysentery in the developing countries. several temperate phages originating from this host have been characterised. however, all s. flexneri phages known to date are lambdoid phages, which have the ability to confer the o-antigen modification of their host. in this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a novel mu-like phage from a serotype 4a strain of s. flexneri. the genome of phage sfmu is composed of 37,146 bp and is predicted to ... | 2015 | 25902138 |
| characterisation of shigella spa33 and thermotoga flim/n reveals a new model for c-ring assembly in t3ss. | flagellar type iii secretion systems (t3ss) contain an essential cytoplasmic-ring (c-ring) largely composed of two proteins flim and flin, whereas an analogous substructure for the closely related non-flagellar (nf) t3ss has not been observed in situ. we show that the spa33 gene encoding the putative nf-t3ss c-ring component in shigella flexneri is alternatively translated to produce both full-length (spa33-fl) and a short variant (spa33-c), with both required for secretion. they associate in a ... | 2015 | 26538516 |
| the serine protease autotransporter pic modulates citrobacter rodentium pathogenesis and its innate recognition by the host. | bacterial pathogens produce a number of autotransporters that possess diverse functions. these include the family of serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) produced by enteric pathogens such as shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative escherichia coli. of these spates, one termed "protein involved in colonization," or pic, has been shown to possess mucinase activity in vitro, but to date, its role in in vivo enteric pathogenesis is unknown. testing a pic null (δpicc) muta ... | 2015 | 25895966 |
| in vivo production of a novel glycoconjugate vaccine against shigella flexneri 2a in recombinant escherichia coli: identification of stimulating factors for in vivo glycosylation. | glycoconjugated vaccines composed of polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to immunogenic carrier proteins have proved to belong to the most effective and safest vaccines for combating bacterial pathogens. the functional transfer of the n-glycosylation machinery from campylobacter jejuni to the standard prokaryotic host escherichia coli established a novel bioconjugation methodology termed bacterial glycoengineering. | 2015 | 25612741 |
| visualization of the type iii secretion sorting platform of shigella flexneri. | bacterial type iii secretion machines are widely used to inject virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. these secretion machines are evolutionarily related to bacterial flagella and consist of a large cytoplasmic complex, a transmembrane basal body, and an extracellular needle. the cytoplasmic complex forms a sorting platform essential for effector selection and needle assembly, but it remains largely uncharacterized. here we use high-throughput cryoelectron tomography (cryo-et) to visual ... | 2015 | 25583506 |
| [pharmacokinetics of antibiotics. i. constants of protein binding of antibiotics]. | 2015 | 4691810 | |
| notes from the field: outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by shigella flexneri - american samoa, may-june 2014. | on may 9, 2014, a physician at hospital a in american samoa noticed an abnormally high number of children presenting to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea. based on preliminary testing of stool specimens, entamoeba histolytica infection was suspected as a possible cause. shigella was also suspected in a subset of samples. on may 22, the american samoa department of health requested assistance from cdc with the outbreak investigation. the goals of the investigation were to establish th ... | 2015 | 25590684 |
| in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some essential oils. | in vitro antibacterial activity of 16 essential oils was investigated by disc diffusion method against two gram positive bacteria bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus and two gram negative bacteria, shigella flexneri and escherichia coli. oils of cymbopogon citratus and ocimum basilicum showed highest antibacterial activity. gram positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive than gram negative. antioxidant activities were tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavengi ... | 2015 | 26688969 |
| antibacterial mode of action of the hydroethanolic extract of leonotis nepetifolia (l.) r. br. involves bacterial membrane perturbations. | leonotis nepetifolia (l) r. br., lamiaceae, a pantropical shrub, popularly known in brazil as "cordão-de-frade", "rubim", is reportedly used in brazilian ethnomedicine as well as in different countries in the treatments of ailments such as infections, inflammations, wounds, stomach disorders, among others. | 2015 | 26102550 |
| caspase-11 cleaves gasdermin d for non-canonical inflammasome signalling. | intracellular lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria including escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, and burkholderia thailandensis activates mouse caspase-11, causing pyroptotic cell death, interleukin-1β processing, and lethal septic shock. how caspase-11 executes these downstream signalling events is largely unknown. here we show that gasdermin d is essential for caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis and interleukin-1β maturation. a forward genetic screen with ethyl-n ... | 2015 | 26375259 |
| antibacterial activity of ovary extract from sea urchin diadema setosum. | sea urchin gonad is considered as a highly prized delicacy in several countries. it is also rich in valuable bioactive compounds including polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) and β-carotene. this study was undertaken to examine the antimicrobial properties of the ovary extract from sea urchin diadema setosum against selected gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | 2015 | 26044237 |
| 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, bactericidal, fungicidal and leishmanicidal properties of teucrium stocksianum. | in the present study, we evaluated the pharmacological and toxicological effects of teucrium stocksianum. the crude extract of t. stocksianum (ts.cr) and its subsequent organic fractions: n-hexane (ts.hex), chloroform (ts.chcl3) and ethyl acetate (ts.etac) exhibited 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity with different potencies. ts.etac was found to be most potent. ts.cr, ts.hex, ts.chcl3 and ts.etac showed significant bactericidal activity against escherichia coli, stap ... | 2015 | 23625908 |
| report: antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extract of achyranthes aspera (amaranthaceae) from pakistan. | alcoholic extract and various fractions of achyranthes aspera leaves, traditionally used in pakistan for treatment of infectious diseases was screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. the chloroform and butanol fractions were found to be the most active among the fractions, showing considerable antibacterial activity against shigella flexneri and escherichia coli. the highest activity was found in the ethylacetate fraction (17 mm zone of inhibition) against gram-negative (salm ... | 2015 | 26408900 |
| material properties and antimicrobial activity of polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) films incorporated with vanillin. | polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) was produced by bacillus mycoides dfc 1, isolated from garden soil. antimicrobial (am) films of phb were prepared by incorporating vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) from 10 to 200 μg/g of phb. the films were assessed for antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria comprising of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, and staphylococcus aureus and fungi such as aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergill ... | 2015 | 26002697 |
| design, synthesis and in vitro bactericidal/fungicidal screening of some vanadyl(iv)complexes with mono- and di-substituted ons donor triazoles. | a new series of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal mono- and di-substituted triazoles (l(1))-(l(6)) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their physical, spectral and analytical data. the ligands (l(1))-(l(6)) on reaction with vanadyl(iv) sulphate led to the formation of vanadyl(iv) metal complexes (1)-(4). the structure of the complexes has been established on the basis of their physical, spectral and elemental analyses data. the synthesized ligands and their vanadyl(iv) complexes ... | 2015 | 25716124 |
| antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in a rural community in northern maputaland, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | zulu people living in the rural area of maputaland (kwazulu-natal, south africa) rely heavily on medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhoea. abundant availability of medicinal plants in the study area offers low cost health care, but scientific validation is needed in order to lend credibility to the traditional use against many ailments including diarrhoeal infections. with this in mind a study was designed to test the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of 23 plant species which are used for ... | 2015 | 25881066 |
| the comparing of antimicrobial activity of csn1s2 protein of fresh milk and yoghurt goat breed ethawah inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. | goat milk is reported to have antimicrobial activity of several pathogen bacteria that contained on food materials. the research related with antimicrobial activity of alpha-s2 casein from goat milk is relatively less than other casein components. herein, we reported the antimicrobial activity of caprine alpha-s2 casein (csn1s2) protein from ethawah breed goat milk and yoghurt in gram positive (listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) and negative pathogen bacteria (esc ... | 2016 | 27698594 |
| bacteriocinogenic bacteria isolated from raw goat milk and goat cheese produced in the center of méxico. | currently, there are few reports on the isolation of microorganisms from goat milk and goat cheese that have antibacterial activity. in particular, there are no reports on the isolation of microorganisms with antibacterial activity from these products in central mexico. our objective was to isolate bacteria, from goat products, that synthesized antimicrobial peptides with activity against a variety of clinically significant bacteria. we isolated and identified lactobacillus rhamnosus, l. plantar ... | 2016 | 27407294 |
| the impact of oxygen on bacterial enteric pathogens. | bacterial enteric pathogens are responsible for a tremendous amount of foodborne illnesses every year through the consumption of contaminated food products. during their transit from contaminated food sources to the host gastrointestinal tract, these pathogens are exposed and must adapt to fluctuating oxygen levels to successfully colonize the host and cause diseases. however, the majority of enteric infection research has been conducted under aerobic conditions. to raise awareness of the import ... | 2016 | 27261784 |
| metal-based ethanolamine-derived compounds: a note on their synthesis, characterization and bioactivity. | metal-based ethanolamines, (l(1))-(l(4)) coordinated with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metals in 1:2 (metal:ligand) molar ratio to produce new compounds have been reported. these compounds were screened for their bactericidal/fungicidal activity against a number of bacterial (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis) and fungal strains (trichophyton longifusus, candida albicans, aspergillus flavus, microsporum ... | 2016 | 27557038 |
| antimicrobial peptide, hdmolluscidin, purified from the gill of the abalone, haliotis discus. | a 4.7 kda antimicrobial peptide was purified from the acidified gill extract of the abalone, haliotis discus, by cation-exchange and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). comparison of the amino acid sequences and molecular weight of this peptide with those of other known antimicrobial peptides revealed that this antimicrobial peptide have high sequence homology with that of cgmolluscidin and was designated hdmolluscidin. hdmolluscidin is composed of 46 amino acid res ... | 2016 | 27033467 |
| epigenetic activation of antibacterial property of an endophytic streptomyces coelicolor strain azra 37 and identification of the induced protein using maldi tof ms/ms. | the endophytic streptomyces coelicolor strain azra 37 was isolated from the surface sterilized root of azadirachta indica a. juss., commonly known as neem plant in india. since only a few reports are available regarding epigenetic modulations of microbial entities, s. coelicolor was treated with different concentrations of 5-azacytidine for this purpose and evaluated for its antibacterial potential against five human pathogenic bacteria (aeromonas hydrophila ims/gn11, enterococcus faecalis ims/g ... | 2016 | 26844762 |
| green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india. | in the present study, green synthesis and cost effective approach of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india is reported. the biosynthesised agnps were characterised using uv-visible spectroscopy, particle analyser and scanning electron microscopy studies. it was found by dynamic light scattering analysis, that the average size and charges of the agnps were 133.0 ± 0.361 nm and -6.01 ± 5.30 mv, respectiv ... | 2016 | 27463787 |
| purification and characteristics of a novel bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis l11 isolated from chinese traditional fermented cucumber. | to purify and characterize a novel bacteriocin with broad inhibitory spectrum produced by an isolate of enterococcus faecalis from chinese fermented cucumber. | 2016 | 26875092 |
| evaluation of the antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aloe fermentation supernatant containing lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1. | little work is done to develop aloe vera (av) using probiotics. to explore the potential benefits, the antioxidant effects and the antibacterial effects on foodborne pathogens of aloe fermentation supernatant were evaluated in vitro. our results indicated that the aloe fermentation supernatant fermented by lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1 had very strong scavenging capacities of the dpph (86%), o2 (•-) (85%), (•)oh (76%), and fe(2+) chelation (82%) and reducing powers (242.5 mg/l), and the inh ... | 2016 | 27493450 |
| label-free 3d ag nanoflower-based electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 pathogens. | it is highly desirable to develop a rapid and simple method to detect pathogens. combining nanomaterials with electrochemical techniques is an efficient way for pathogen detection. herein, a novel 3d ag nanoflower was prepared via a biomineralization method by using bovine serum albumin (bsa) as a template. it was adopted as a sensing interface to construct an electrochemical bacteria immunosensor for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7. bacterial antibo ... | 2016 | 27858378 |
| [comminuted fractures of the tibial head]. | 2016 | 5095114 | |
| [aging from a biological point of view]. | 2016 | 5023128 | |
| [recnt advances in the field of venous catheters]. | 2016 | 4981595 | |
| nutrition education-or education in child care? | 2016 | 4746245 | |
| multiscan echocardiography. ii. technique and initial clinical results. | 2016 | 4751951 | |
| using tomoauto: a protocol for high-throughput automated cryo-electron tomography. | cryo-electron tomography (cryo-et) is a powerful three-dimensional (3-d) imaging technique for visualizing macromolecular complexes in their native context at a molecular level. the technique involves initially preserving the sample in its native state by rapidly freezing the specimen in vitreous ice, then collecting a series of micrographs from different angles at high magnification, and finally computationally reconstructing a 3-d density map. the frozen-hydrated specimen is extremely sensitiv ... | 2016 | 26863591 |
| the outer membrane phospholipase a is essential for membrane integrity and type iii secretion in shigella flexneri. | outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla) is an enzyme located in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. ompla exhibits broad substrate specificity, and some of its substrates are located in the cellular envelope. generally, the enzymatic activity can only be induced by perturbation of the cell envelope integrity through diverse methods. although ompla has been thoroughly studied as a membrane protein in escherichia coli and is constitutively expressed in many other bacterial pathogens, litt ... | 2016 | 27655730 |
| ultrafiltration and microarray for detection of microbial source tracking marker and pathogen genes in riverine and marine systems. | pathogen identification and microbial source tracking (mst) to identify sources of fecal pollution improve evaluation of water quality. they contribute to improved assessment of human health risks and remediation of pollution sources. an mst microarray was used to simultaneously detect genes for multiple pathogens and indicators of fecal pollution in freshwater, marine water, sewage-contaminated freshwater and marine water, and treated wastewater. dead-end ultrafiltration (deuf) was used to conc ... | 2016 | 26729716 |
| recurrent pulmonary abscess with bronchoesophageal fistula. | 2016 | 5055530 | |
| characterization and genomic study of the novel bacteriophage hy01 infecting both escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella flexneri: potential as a biocontrol agent in food. | escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella flexneri are well-known food-borne pathogens causing severe food poisoning at low infectious doses. bacteriophages have been approved for food applications by the us food and drug administration (fda) and have been suggested as natural food preservatives to control specific food-borne pathogens. to develop a novel natural food preservative against e. coli o157:h7 and s. flexneri, a new bacteriophage needs to be isolated and characterized. | 2016 | 28036349 |
| a study of parasitic and bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhea in hiv-positive patients. | diarrhea is a common complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), occurring in almost 90% of aids patients in developing countries like india. the present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and microbiological profile of pathogens associated with diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients and their relation to cd4 counts. | 2016 | 27795876 |
| the bacterial dna repair protein mfd confers resistance to the host nitrogen immune response. | production of reactive nitrogen species (no) is a key step in the immune response following infections. no induces lesions to bacterial dna, thus limiting bacterial growth within hosts. using two pathogenic bacteria, bacillus cereus and shigella flexneri, we show that the dna-repair protein mfd (mutation-frequency-decline) is required for bacterial resistance to the host-no-response. in both species, a mutant deficient for mfd does not survive to no, produced in vitro or by phagocytic cells. in ... | 2016 | 27435260 |
| multidrug resistant shigella flexneri infection simulating intestinal intussusception. | shigella enteritis remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all age groups, in developing as well as developed countries. owing to the emerging resistance to multiple antibiotics among shigella spp., it has been recognized as a major global public health concern and warrants constant monitoring of its resistance pattern. we report a case of segmental ileitis caused by non.-esbl producing multidrug resistant shigella flexneri in an infant clinically mimicking intussusception, whic ... | 2016 | 27013815 |
| phenolic compounds and in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of three tropic fruits: persimmon, guava, and sweetsop. | in our previous study, we have found that persimmon, guava, and sweetsop owned considerably high antioxidant activity and contained high total phenolic contents as well. in order to further supply information on the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of these three tropic fruits, they were extracted by 80% methanol. we then examined the extractions about their phenolic compounds and also studied the extractions and phenolic contents about their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and mini ... | 2016 | 27648444 |
| interactions between shigella flexneri and the autophagy machinery. | autophagy, an intracellular degradation process, is increasingly recognized as having important roles in host defense. interactions between shigella flexneri and the autophagy machinery were first discovered in 2005. since then, work has shown that multiple autophagy pathways are triggered by s. flexneri, and autophagic responses can have different roles during shigella infection. here, we review the interactions between s. flexneri and the autophagy machinery, highlighting that studies using sh ... | 2016 | 26904515 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) reveals highly pure preparations. | outer membrane blebs are naturally shed by gram-negative bacteria and are candidates of interest for vaccines development. genetic modification of bacteria to induce hyperblebbing greatly increases the yield of blebs, called generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma). the composition of the gmma from hyperblebbing mutants of shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei were quantitatively analyzed using high-sensitivity mass spectrometry with the label-free ibaq procedure and compared to the c ... | 2016 | 26746581 |
| rainbow vectors for broad-range bacterial fluorescence labeling. | since their discovery, fluorescent proteins have been widely used to study protein function, localization or interaction, promoter activity and regulation, drug discovery or for non-invasive imaging. they have been extensively modified to improve brightness, stability, and oligomerization state. however, only a few studies have focused on understanding the dynamics of fluorescent proteins expression in bacteria. in this work, we developed a set plasmids encoding 12 fluorescent proteins for bacte ... | 2016 | 26937640 |
| shigella flexneri with ciprofloxacin resistance and reduced azithromycin susceptibility, canada, 2015. | 2016 | 27767915 | |
| genetic functions of the naip family of inflammasome receptors for bacterial ligands in mice. | biochemical studies suggest that the naip family of nlr proteins are cytosolic innate receptors that directly recognize bacterial ligands and trigger nlrc4 inflammasome activation. in this study, we generated naip5(-/-), naip1(-/-), and naip2(-/-) mice and showed that bone marrow macrophages derived from these knockout mice are specifically deficient in detecting bacterial flagellin, the type iii secretion system needle, and the rod protein, respectively. naip1(-/-), naip2(-/-), and naip5(-/-) m ... | 2016 | 27114610 |
| serum bactericidal assay for the evaluation of typhoid vaccine using a semi-automated colony-counting method. | typhoid fever, mainly caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), is a life-threatening disease, mostly in developing countries. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is widely used to quantify antibodies against s. typhi in serum but does not provide information about functional antibody titers. although the serum bactericidal assay (sba) using an agar plate is often used to measure functional antibody titers against various bacterial pathogens in clinical specimens, it has rare ... | 2016 | 27216239 |
| shigella flexneri serotype 1c derived from serotype 1a by acquisition of gtric gene cluster via a bacteriophage. | shigella spp. are the primary causative agents of bacillary dysentery. since its emergence in the late 1980s, the s. flexneri serotype 1c remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to its origin and genetic evolution. this article provides a molecular insight into this novel serotype and the gtric gene cluster that determines its unique immune recognition. | 2016 | 27349637 |
| vector potential of blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattidae) for medically important bacteria at food handling establishments in jimma town, southwest ethiopia. | cockroaches have been regarded as possible vectors of human enteropathogens. their presence and crawl particularly in food handling establishments could be risky for human health. therefore, this study was done to determine the vector potential of cockroach for medically important bacterial pathogens in restaurants and cafeterias. a cross-sectional study was conducted on cockroaches from restaurants and cafeterias in jimma town from may to september 2014. standard taxonomic keys and microbiologi ... | 2016 | 27294115 |
| horizontal gene transfer of a chlamydial trna-guanine transglycosylase gene to eukaryotic microbes. | trna-guanine transglycosylases are found in all domains of life and mediate the base exchange of guanine with queuine in the anticodon loop of trnas. they can also regulate virulence in bacteria such as shigella flexneri, which has prompted the development of drugs that inhibit the function of these enzymes. here we report a group of trna-guanine transglycosylases in eukaryotic microbes (algae and protozoa) which are more similar to their bacterial counterparts than previously characterized euka ... | 2016 | 26435002 |
| biochemical properties and mechanism of action of enterocin ld3 purified from enterococcus hirae ld3. | enterocin ld3 was purified using activity-guided multistep chromatography techniques such as cation-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the preparation's purity was tested using reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography. the specific activity was tested to be 187.5 au µg(-1) with 13-fold purification. purified enterocin ld3 was heat stable up to 121 °c (at 15 psi pressure) and ph 2-6. the activity was lost in the presence of papain, reduced by proteinase k, pepsin and trypsin ... | 2016 | 27145777 |
| alteration in apyrase enzyme attenuated virulence of shigella flexneri. | virulence of shigella is attributed to the genes presence in chromosome or in the megaplasmid. the apy gene which is located in the megaplasmid of shigella species encodes for apyrase enzyme, a pathogenesis-associated enzyme causing mitochondrial damage and host cell death. in this study we constructed an apy mutant of shigella flexneri by insertional activation using a kanamycin resistant gene cassette. the wild type apy gene of s. flexneri 2a was pcr amplified, cloned and mutated with insertio ... | 2016 | 26706344 |
| antibacterial potential and genetic profile of enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human normal flora. | enterococci have a widespread attendance in the circumference and belongs to the enteric commensal microbiota. most of them produce the antimicrobial compounds and have an inhibition effect on pathogenic microorganisms. the objective of this study was to characterize the enterococcal strains isolated from human normal flora and assess their antibacterial activity. enterococcal isolates were obtained from the feces of eighteen healthy humans. all enterococcal species were identified by biochemica ... | 2016 | 27165538 |
| a novel enterocin t1 with anti-pseudomonas activity produced by enterococcus faecium t1 from chinese tibet cheese. | an enterocin-producing enterococcus faecium t1 was isolated from chinese tibet cheese. the enterocin was purified by sp-sepharose and reversed phase hplc. it was identified as unique from other reported bacteriocins based on molecular weight (4629 da) and amino acid compositions; therefore it was subsequently named enterocin t1. enterocin t1 was stable at 80-100 °c and over a wide ph range, ph 3.0-10.0. protease sensitivity was observed to trypsin, pepsin, papain, proteinase k, and pronase e. im ... | 2016 | 26745981 |
| field study on evaluation of the efficacy and usability of two disinfectants for drinking water treatment at small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms. | the hygienic quality of drinking water for cattle originated from different sources together with the efficacy and usability of two types of disinfectants against waterborne pathogens were assessed for small cattle breeders and dairy cattle farms. a total of 120 drinking water samples were collected from water troughs representing three different water sources commonly used for cattle drinking (tap, underground and surface water; n = 65, 25, and 30, respectively). collected samples were cultured ... | 2016 | 26861741 |
| h-ns, its family members and their regulation of virulence genes in shigella species. | the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns) has played a key role in shaping the evolution of shigella spp., and provides the backdrop to the regulatory cascade that controls virulence by silencing many genes found on the large virulence plasmid. h-ns and its paralogue stpa are present in all four shigella spp., but a second h-ns paralogue, sfh, is found in the shigella flexneri type strain 2457t, which is routinely used in studies of shigella pathogenesis. while stpa and sfh have been ... | 2016 | 27916940 |
| multicenter evaluation of molecular and culture-dependent diagnostics for shigella species and entero-invasive escherichia coli in the netherlands. | an inter-laboratory collaborative trial for the evaluation of diagnostics for detection and identification of shigella species and entero-invasive escherichia coli (eiec) was performed. sixteen medical microbiological laboratories (mmls) participated. mmls were interviewed about their diagnostic methods and a sample panel, consisting of dna-extracts and spiked stool samples with different concentrations of shigella flexneri, was provided to each mml. the results of the trial showed an enormous v ... | 2016 | 27693908 |
| pathogenic lifestyles of e. coli pathotypes in a standardized epithelial cell model influence inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokines secretion. | inflammatory response is key for the host defense against diarrheagenic escherichia coli and contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease but there is not a comparative study among different diarrheagenic pathotypes. we analyzed the inflammatory response induced by five diarrheagenic pathotypes in a ht-29 cell infection model. the model was unified to reproduce the pathogenesis of each pathotype. to compare the inflammatory responses we evaluated: (i) nuclear nf-κb and erk1/2 translocation by ... | 2016 | 27774437 |
| [active etiological surveillance for foodborne diseases in guangdong province, 2013-2014]. | objective: to study the infection status, serotypes, drug resistance and molecular characteristics of salmonella, shigella, vibrio parahemolyticus, enterotoxigenic escherichia (e.) coli (etec), pathogenic e. coli (epec), shiga toxin producing e. coli (stec) and enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) collected from diarrhea patients in guangdong. methods: the strains of salmonella, shigella, v. parahemolyticus and 4 kinds of e. coli isolated from foodborne diseases surveillance during 2013-2014 were colle ... | 2016 | 27765129 |
| antibacterial activity of polyphenolic fraction of kombucha against enteric bacterial pathogens. | the emergence of multi-drug-resistant enteric pathogens has prompted the scientist community to explore the therapeutic potentials of traditional foods and beverages. the present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of kombucha, a fermented beverage of sugared black tea, against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium followed by the identification of the antibacterial components present in kombucha. the antibacterial activity w ... | 2016 | 27638313 |