Publications

expression of human papillomavirus 16 e7ggg oncoprotein on n- and c-terminus of potato virus x coat protein in bacterial and plant cells.	the e7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) is an attractive candidate for anti-cancer therapeutical vaccine development. in this study, we engineered different fusions of mutagenized coding sequence of e7 oncoprotein (e7ggg) with coat protein of potato virus x (pvx cp) both on 5'- and 3'-terminus of pvx cp and evaluated the influence of the length of linker (no linker, 4, 15aa) connecting pvx cp and e7ggg on their production. at first the expression in escherichia coli was cond ...	2011	21266198
necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines using ω-aminotransferases.	the half reactions of ω-aminotransferase (ω-at) from vibrio fluvialis js17 (ω-atvf) were carried out using purified pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-enzyme (plp-enz) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate-enzyme (pmp-enz) complexes to investigate the relative activities of substrates. in the reaction generating pmp-enz from plp-enz using l-alanine as an amine donor, l-alanine showed about 70% of the initial reaction rate of (s)-α-methylbenzylamine ((s)-α-mba). however, in the subsequent half reaction recycling plp ...	2011	20824676
structures of the lipopolysaccharides from rhizobium leguminosarum rbl5523 and its udp-glucose dehydrogenase mutant (exo5).	rhizobial lipopolysaccharide (lps) is required to establish an effective symbiosis with its host plant. an exo5 mutant of rhizobium leguminosarum rbl5523, strain rbl5808, is defective in udp-glucose (glc) dehydrogenase that converts udp-glc to udp-glucuronic acid (glca). this mutant is unable to synthesize either udp-glca or udp-galacturonic acid (gala) and is unable to synthesize extracellular and capsular polysaccharides, lacks gala in its lps and is defective in symbiosis (laus mc, logman tj, ...	2011	20817634
biological activity of the agrobacterium rhizogenes-derived trolc gene of nicotiana tabacum and its functional relation to other plast genes.	agrobacterium rhizogenes induces hairy roots through the activity of three essential t-dna genes, rola, rolb, and rolc, whereas the orf13 gene acts as an accessory root-inducing gene. rolb, rolc, and orf13 belong to the highly diverged plast gene family with remotely related representatives in the endomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria bicolor. nicotiana glauca and n. tabacum contain a. rhizogenes-derived t-dnas with active plast genes. here, we report on the properties of a rolc homolog in n. t ...	2011	20822423
molecular diversity of native rhizobia trapped by five field pea genotypes in indian soils.	five pea cultivars; hfp 4, hvp 3-5, hfp 9426, jayanti and hariyal, being grown in ccs haryana agricultural university farm were used to isolate native rhizobia. selected 54 rhizobia, from all cultivars, were authenticated as rhizobia by plant infectivity test. along with nodulation, symbiotic effectiveness in terms of symbiotic ratios showed wide range of effectiveness of pea rhizobia from 1.11 to 5.0. dna of all the 54 rhizobia was extracted and amplified by pcr, using eric and 16s rdna primers ...	2011	20806252
biosynthesis of udp-xylose and udp-arabinose in sinorhizobium meliloti 1021: first characterization of a bacterial udp-xylose synthase, and udp-xylose 4-epimerase.	sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that fixes nitrogen after being established inside nodules that can form on the roots of several legumes, including medicago truncatula. a mutation in an s. meliloti gene (lpsb) required for lipopolysaccharide synthesis has been reported to result in defective nodulation and an increase in the synthesis of a xylose-containing glycan. glycans containing xylose as well as arabinose are also formed by other rhizobial species, but little is known about thei ...	2011	20847005
virus-induced gene silencing in nicotiana benthamiana and other plant species.	virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is an efficient tool for high throughput reverse genetic screens. vigs engages the endogenous rna-silencing machinery of the plant host, and can yield an 85-95% reduction of target transcripts. gene silencing is rapid, target-specific, and does not require the creation of stable transformants. the technique has been used successfully in numerous solanaceae species as well as in arabidopsis, maize, and rice. here we describe a protocol for conducting a vigs scr ...	2011	20931372
full-length cdna overexpressor gene hunting system (fox hunting system).	full-length cdnas (fl-cdnas) are important resources for the characterization of gene function, since they contain all the information required for the production of functional rnas and proteins. large sets of fl-cdna clones have been collected from several plant species and have become available for functional genomic analysis. we have developed a system for the identification of gene function by screening for transgenic plants ectopically expressing fl-cdnas and named it the fox (fl-cdna overe ...	2011	20931374
bioassays of quorum sensing compounds using agrobacterium tumefaciens and chromobacterium violaceum.	in most bacteria, a global level of regulation exists involving intercellular communication via the production and response to cell density-dependent signal molecules. this cell density-dependent regulation has been termed quorum sensing (qs). qs is a global regulator, which has been associated with a number of important features in bacteria including virulence regulation and biofilm formation. consequently, there is considerable interest in understanding, detecting, and inhibiting qs. acyl homo ...	2011	21031300
development of antibiotic marker-free creeping bentgrass resistance against herbicides.	herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass plants (agrostis stolonifera l.) without antibiotic-resistant markers were produced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. embryogenic callus tissues were infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105, harboring the bar and the cp4-epsps genes for bialaphos and glyphosate resistance. phosphinothricin-resistant calli and plants were selected. soil-grown plants were obtained at 14-16 weeks after transformation. genetic transformation of the selected, rege ...	2011	21173055
identification of virulence genes in the corn pathogen colletotrichum graminicola by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.	a previously developed agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocol for the plant pathogenic fungus colletotrichum graminicola led to high rates of tandem integration of the whole ti-plasmid, and was therefore considered to be unsuitable for the identification of pathogenicity and virulence genes by insertional mutagenesis in this pathogen. we used a modified atmt protocol with acetosyringone present only during the co-cultivation of c. graminicola and a. tumefaciens. analys ...	2011	21118348
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plant production via direct shoot bud organogenesis from pre-plasmolyzed leaf explants of catharanthus roseus.	production of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plants, via direct shoot bud organogenesis from leaves of catharanthus roseus, is reported. a. tumefaciens harbouring the plasmid pbi121 with gus gene uida and kanamycin resistance gene nptii was used. highest transformation efficiency of 1.4 transgenic shoots/responded explant was obtained when pre-plasmolysed leaves, pre-incubated on shoot bud induction medium for 10 days, were subjected to sonication for 30 s prior to transformation. ...	2011	21207108
immature seeds and embryos of medicago truncatula cultured in vitro.	legumes are an important source of proteins and lipids for food and feed. in addition, they are -environmentally friendly because of their capacity to fix nitrogen through a symbiosis with rhizobium that permits them to produce abundant proteins even in the absence of nitrogen fertilization. seed development in plants follows three chronological steps (1) seed coat differentiation, embryo morphogenesis and endosperm development; (2) embryo maturation with storage accumulation and (3) dehydration ...	2011	21207260
generation of interspecific hybrids of trifolium using embryo rescue techniques.	the genus trifolium leguminosae (fabaceae), commonly called clovers, includes 237-290 annual and perennial species, of which about 20 are important as cultivated and pasture crops. taxonomic distribution supported by molecular analysis indicates that mediterranean region is one of the main centers of distribution of the genus and also a center of domestication and breeding. self-incompatibility is prevalent in the genus, controlled by a single, multiallelic gene expressed gametophytically in the ...	2011	21207268
genetic transformation using maize immature zygotic embryos.	epidermal and subepidermal cells in the abaxial, basal region of the maize (zea mays l.) immature zygotic embryo (ize) scutellum can be induced by exogenous auxin to proliferate and undergo somatic embryogenesis. successful genetic transformation of izes depends not only on optimizing transformation parameters for these totipotent cells, but also on achieving high embryogenic callus induction frequency (ecif) in a population of targeted explants. in maize, ecif is strongly influenced by genotype ...	2011	21207278
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of cereals using immature embryos.	a critical step in the development of a robust agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation -system for cereal crop plants is the establishment of optimal conditions for efficient t-dna delivery into target tissue, from which plants can be regenerated. although, agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cereals is an important method that has been widely used by many laboratories around the world, routine protocols have been established only in specific cultivars within a species and with sp ...	2011	21207280
a novel interaction between ccamk and a protein containing the scythe_n ubiquitin-like domain in lotus japonicus.	in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (ccamk) is a key regulator for both rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. deregulation of ccamk by either a point mutation in the autophosphorylation site or the deletion of the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain results in spontaneous nodule formation without rhizobia. however, the underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. here, using the kinase domain of ccamk as a bait in yeast two-hybrid sc ...	2011	21209278
highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation of banana cv. rasthali (aab) via sonication and vacuum infiltration.	a reproducible and efficient transformation method was developed for the banana cv. rasthali (aab) via agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of suckers. three-month-old banana suckers were used as explant and three agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (eha105, eha101, and lba4404) harboring the binary vector pcambia1301 were used in the co-cultivation. the banana suckers were sonicated and vacuum infiltered with each of the three a. tumefaciens strains and co-cultivated in the medium contai ...	2011	21212957
innate immunity effectors and virulence factors in symbiosis.	rhizobium-legume symbiosis has been considered as a mutually favorable relationship for both partners. however, in certain phylogenetic groups of legumes, the plant directs the bacterial symbiont into an irreversible terminal differentiation. this is mediated by the actions of hundreds of symbiosis-specific plant peptides resembling antimicrobial peptides, the effectors of innate immunity. the bacterial baca protein, associated in animal pathogenic bacteria with the maintenance of chronic intrac ...	2011	21215682
the integrity of the periplasmic domain of the vira sensor kinase is critical for optimal coordination of the virulence signal response in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens responds to three main signals at the plant-bacterium interface: phenolics, such as acetosyringone (as), monosaccharides, and acidic ph (∼5.5). these signals are transduced via the chromosomally encoded sugar binding protein chve and the ti plasmid-encoded vira/virg two-component regulatory system, resulting in the transcriptional activation of the ti plasmid virulence genes. here, we present genetic and physical evidence that the periplasmic domain o ...	2011	21216996
plasmids with a chromosome-like role in rhizobia.	replicon architecture in bacteria is commonly comprised of one indispensable chromosome and several dispensable plasmids. this view has been enriched by the discovery of additional chromosomes, identified mainly by localization of rrna and/or trna genes, and also by experimental demonstration of their requirement for cell growth. the genome of rhizobium etli cfn42 is constituted by one chromosome and six large plasmids, ranging in size from 184 to 642 kb. five of the six plasmids are dispensable ...	2011	21217003
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of a taxol-producing endophytic fungus, cladosporium cladosporioides md2.	in this study, an agrobacteriurn tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocol was successfully developed for the genetic transformation of a taxol-producing fungus, cladosporium cladosporioides md2, and the co-cultivation conditions affecting the transformation efficiency were optimized. the optimal transformation conditions were that 1 ml of c. cladosporioides md2 spore suspension (10(8) spores/ml) was mixed with an equal volume of a. tumefaciens cultures, which contained 400 μl of a. tu ...	2011	21221971
analysing cellulose biosynthesis with confocal microscopy.	plant cells are delimited by a rigid cell wall that resists internal turgor pressure, but extends with a remarkable degree of control that allows the cell to grow and acquire specific shapes. live cell fluorescence microscopy systems have allowed an amazing view into the complex and dynamic lives of individual proteins during cell morphogenesis. the current chapter will focus on methodology for live cell imaging of cellulose synthase (cesa) in arabidopsis, which will also provide a launching pad ...	2011	21222082
visual mapping of cell wall biosynthesis.	biosynthesis of pectin and hemicelluloses occurs in the golgi apparatus and is thought to involve spatial regulations and complex formation of biosynthetic enzymes and proteins. we have demonstrated that a combination of heterologous expression of recombinant proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins and live cell imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) allows efficient visualization of biosynthetic enzymes and proteins in subcellular compartments. we have also successfully utiliz ...	2011	21222083
characterization of the plant cell wall proteome using high-throughput screens.	plant cell wall proteins play essential roles in many important biological processes, and yet there is still not a comprehensive catalogue of the cell wall proteome, or "secretome". here, we describe three procedures, including a yeast secretion trap (yst), agrobacterium-mediated transient expression using a necrosis-inducing protein (nip) and protein localization assay using a fluorescent protein, to identify and confirm the localization of cell wall proteins. the approaches are orthogonal and ...	2011	21222090
recent advances in plant transformation.	plant genetic engineering has become one of the most important molecular tools in the modern molecular breeding of crops. over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the development of new and efficient transformation methods in plants. despite a variety of available dna delivery methods, agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated transformation remain the two predominantly employed approaches. in particular, progress in agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cereals and other recal ...	2011	21181522
telomere truncation in plants.	telomeres are highly repetitive sequences at the ends of chromosomes that act as protection structure for chromosome stability. the integration of telomere sequences into the genome by genetic transformation can create chromosome instability because the integrated telomere sequences tend to form de novo telomeres at the site of integration. thus, telomere repeats can be used to generate minichromosomes by telomere-mediated chromosome truncation in both plants and animals for chromosome studies a ...	2011	21181527
targeted mutagenesis in arabidopsis using zinc-finger nucleases.	we report here an efficient method for making targeted mutations in arabidopsis thaliana genes. the approach uses zinc-finger nucleases (zfns) - enzymes engineered to create dna double-strand breaks at specific target loci. imprecise repair of double-strand breaks by nonhomologous end-joining generates small insertions or deletions at the cleavage site. in this protocol, constructs encoding zfns for specific loci are transformed into arabidopsis by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. zfn expr ...	2011	21181530
regulation and symbiotic role of nirk and norc expression in rhizobium etli.	rhizobium etli cfn42 is unable to use nitrate for respiration and lacks nitrate reductase activity as well as the nap or nar genes encoding respiratory nitrate reductase. however, genes encoding proteins closely related to denitrification enzymes, the norcbqd gene cluster and a novel nirknirvnnrrnnru operon are located on pcfn42f. in this study, we carried out a genetic and functional characterization of the reductases encoded by the r. etli nirk and norcb genes. by gene fusion expression analys ...	2011	21043576
the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium bacillus cereus ar156 induces systemic resistance in arabidopsis thaliana by simultaneously activating salicylate- and jasmonate/ethylene-dependent signaling pathways.	bacillus cereus ar156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens including pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. this study analyzed ar156-induced systemic resistance (isr) to dc3000 in arabidopsis ecotype col-0 plants. compared with mock-treated plants, ar156-treated ones showed an increase in biomass and reductions in disease severity and pathogen density in the leaves. the defense-related genes pr1, pr2, pr5, and pdf1.2 were conc ...	2011	21198361
hydroxylated ornithine lipids increase stress tolerance in rhizobium tropici ciat899.	ornithine lipids (ols) are widespread among gram-negative bacteria. their basic structure consists of a 3-hydroxy fatty acyl group attached in amide linkage to the α-amino group of ornithine and a second fatty acyl group ester-linked to the 3-hydroxy position of the first fatty acid. ols can be hydroxylated within the secondary fatty acyl moiety and this modification has been related to increased stress tolerance. rhizobium tropici, a nodule-forming α-proteobacterium known for its stress toleran ...	2011	21205018
efficient insertional mutagenesis system for the dimorphic pathogenic fungus sporothrix schenckii using agrobacterium tumefaciens.	sporothrix schenckii is a dimorphic pathogenic fungus that causes human and animal sporotrichosis globally. here we developed and optimized an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) system of s. schenckii for insertional mutagenesis. the transformation efficiency reached more than 600 transformants per 10(6) conidia. using this protocol enabled us to obtain a large number of t-dna insertional mutants within a short experimental period. several mutants with altered phenotypes we ...	2011	21256883
cinnamic acid, coumarin and vanillin: alternative phenolic compounds for efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the unicellular green alga, nannochloropsis sp.	the use of acetosyringone in agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into plant hosts has been favored for the past few decades. the influence of other phenolic compounds and their effectiveness in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation systems has been neglected. in this study, the efficacy of four phenolic compounds on agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the unicellular green alga nannochloropsis sp. (strain umt-m3) was assessed by using β-glucuronidase (gus) assay. we found that cinnam ...	2011	21256888
cupriavidus taiwanensis bacteroids in mimosa pudica indeterminate nodules are not terminally differentiated.	the beta-rhizobium cupriavidus taiwanensis forms indeterminate nodules on mimosa pudica. c. taiwanensis bacteroids resemble free-living bacteria in terms of genomic dna content, cell size, membrane permeability, and viability, in contrast to bacteroids in indeterminate nodules of the galegoid clade. bacteroid differentiation is thus unrelated to nodule ontogeny.	2011	21257807
an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor cotranscribed with its cognate anti-sigma factor confers tolerance to nacl, ethanol and methylene blue in azospirillum brasilense sp7.	azospirillum brasilense, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, is exposed to changes in its abiotic environment, including fluctuations in temperature, salinity, osmolarity, oxygen concentration and nutrient concentration, in the rhizosphere and in the soil. since extra-cytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factors play an important role in stress adaptation, we analysed the role of ecf sigma factor (also known as rpoe or s(e)) in abiotic stress tolerance in a. brasilense. an in-frame rpoe deletio ...	2011	21233159
bac-recombineering for studying plant gene regulation: developmental control and cellular localization of snrk1 kinase subunits.	recombineering, permitting precise modification of genes within bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) through homologous recombination mediated by lambda phage-encoded red proteins, is a widely used powerful tool in mouse, caenorhabditis and drosophila genetics. as agrobacterium-mediated transfer of large dna inserts from binary bacs and tacs into plants occurs at low frequency, recombineering is so far seldom exploited in the analysis of plant gene functions. we have constructed binary plant ...	2011	21235649
peptide signalling in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis.	for two decades, signalling research in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis field has been dominated by oligosaccharide signals (mainly nod factors and, to a lesser extent, surface polysaccharides made by the microsymbionts) and phytohormones. recently, plant peptides have emerged as another major class of signalling molecules in the rhizobium-legume symbioses contributing to the control of nodulation, infection and bacteroid differentiation. here we focus on three examples of symbiotically relevant ...	2011	21236724
homologous overexpression of xylanase in fusarium oxysporum increases ethanol productivity during consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) of lignocellulosics.	in an effort to increase ethanol productivity during the consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) of lignocellulosics by fusarium oxysporum, we attempted the constitutive homologous overexpression of one of the key process enzymes, namely an endo-xylanase. the endo-β-1,4-xylanase 2 gene was incorporated into the f. oxysporum genome under the regulation of the gpda promoter of aspergillus nidulans. the transformation was effected through agrobacterium tumefaciens and resulted in 12 transformants, two of ...	2011	21237221
covalent immobilization of recombinant rhizobium etli cfn42 xylitol dehydrogenase onto modified silica nanoparticles.	rare sugars have many applications in food industry, as well as pharmaceutical and nutrition industries. xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh) can be used to synthesize various rare sugars enzymatically. however, the immobilization of xdh has not been performed to improve the industrial production of rare sugars. in this study, silica nanoparticles which have high immobilization efficiency were selected from among several carriers for immobilization of recombinant rhizobium etli cfn42 xylitol dehydrogenas ...	2011	21246353
catalytic mechanism and three-dimensional structure of adenine deaminase.	adenine deaminase (ade) catalyzes the conversion of adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia. the enzyme isolated from escherichia coli using standard expression conditions was low for the deamination of adenine (k(cat) = 2.0 s(-1); k(cat)/k(m) = 2.5 × 10(3) m(-1) s(-1)). however, when iron was sequestered with a metal chelator and the growth medium was supplemented with mn(2+) prior to induction, the purified enzyme was substantially more active for the deamination of adenine with k(cat) and k(cat)/ ...	2011	21247091
a bicistronic, ubiquitin-10 promoter-based vector cassette for transient transformation and functional analysis of membrane transport demonstrates the utility of quantitative voltage clamp studies on intact arabidopsis root epidermis.	to date the use of fluorescent reporter constructs in analysing membrane transport has been limited primarily to cell lines expressing stably either the tagged transporter protein(s) or markers to identify lineages of interest. strategies for transient expression have yet to be exploited in transport analysis, despite their wide application in cellular imaging studies. here we describe a gateway-compatible, bicistronic vector, incorporating the constitutive ubiqutin-10 gene promoter of arabidops ...	2011	21251017
rhizobium grahamii sp. nov. from dalea leporina, leucaena leucocephala, clitoria ternatea nodules, and rhizobium mesoamericanum sp. nov. from phaseolus vulgaris, siratro, cowpea and mimosa pudica nodules.	two novel related rhizobium species, rhizobium grahamii and rhizobium mesoamericanum were identified by a polyphasic approach using dna-dna hybridization, whole genome sequencing, phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization including nodulation of leucaena leucocephala and phaseolus vulgaris (bean). as similar bacteria were found in los tuxtlas rain forest and in central america we suggest the existence of a mesoamerican microbiological corridor. the type strain of rhizobium grahamii sp. nov. i ...	2011	22081714
characterization of rhizobia from legumes of agronomic interest grown in semi-arid areas of central spain relates genetic differences to soil properties.	a study of symbiotic bacteria from traditional agricultural legumes from central spain was performed to create a collection of rhizobia from soils differing in physicochemical, analytical and/or agroecological properties which could be well-adapted to the environmental conditions of this region, and be used for sustainable agricultural practices. thirty-six isolates were obtained from root-nodules of fifteen legume species (including cicer arietinum, lathyrus sativus, lens culinaris, lupinus spp ...	2011	21953333
systemically induced resistance and microbial competitive exclusion: implications on biological control.	the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, is among the most damaging agricultural pests, particularly to tomato. the mutualistic endophytes fusarium oxysporum strain fo162 (fo162) and rhizobium etli strain g12 (g12) have been shown to systemically induce resistance towards m. incognita. by using triple-split-root tomato plants, spatially-separated but simultaneous inoculation of both endophytes did not lead to additive reductions in m. incognita infection. more importantly, spatially-separa ...	2011	21899390
a naturally associated rhizobacterium of arabidopsis thaliana induces a starvation-like transcriptional response while promoting growth.	plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria is a known phenomenon but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. we searched for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that are naturally associated with arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in plant growth-promotion. we isolated a pseudomonas bacterium (pseudomonas sp. g62) from roots of field-grown arabidopsis plants that has not been described previously and analyzed its effect on plant growth, gene exp ...	2011	22216267
adaptation of rhizobium leguminosarum to pea, alfalfa and sugar beet rhizospheres investigated by comparative transcriptomics.	abstract: background: the rhizosphere is the microbe-rich zone around plant roots and is a key determinant of the biosphere's productivity. comparative transcriptomics was used to investigate general and plant-specific adaptations during rhizosphere colonization. rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae was grown in the rhizospheres of pea (its legume nodulation host), alfalfa (a non-host legume) and sugar beet (non-legume). gene expression data were compared to metabolic and transportome maps to ...	2011	22018401
Phylogenomics of Reichenowia parasitica, an Alphaproteobacterial Endosymbiont of the Freshwater Leech Placobdella parasitica.	Although several commensal alphaproteobacteria form close relationships with plant hosts where they aid in (e.g.,) nitrogen fixation and nodulation, only a few inhabit animal hosts. Among these, Reichenowia picta, R. ornata and R. parasitica, are currently the only known mutualistic, alphaproteobacterial endosymbionts to inhabit leeches. These bacteria are harbored in the epithelial cells of the mycetomal structures of their freshwater leech hosts, Placobdella spp., and these structures have no ...	2011	22132238
The genome of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa M-1 contains nine sites dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of lipopeptides and polyketides.	The genome of Paenibacillus polymyxa M-1 consisted of a 5.8-Mb chromosome and a 360-kb plasmid. Nine sites were dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of lipopeptides and polyketides. Eight of them were located at the chromosome, while one gene cluster predicted to encode an unknown secondary metabolite was present on the plasmid.	2011	21952539
Environmental signals and regulatory pathways that influence exopolysaccharide production in rhizobia.	Rhizobia are Gram-negative bacteria that can exist either as free-living bacteria or as nitrogen-fixing symbionts inside root nodules of leguminous plants. The composition of the rhizobial outer surface, containing a variety of polysaccharides, plays a significant role in the adaptation of these bacteria in both habitats. Among rhizobial polymers, exopolysaccharide (EPS) is indispensable for the invasion of a great majority of host plants which form indeterminate-type nodules. Various functions ...	2011	22174640
Field monitoring of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria by colony immunoblotting.	Inoculant plant-growth-promoting bacteria are emerging as an important component of sustainable agriculture. There is a need to develop inexpensive methods for enumerating these organisms after their application in the field, to better understand their survival and impacts on yields. Immunoblotting is one potential method to measure viable cells, but the high cost of the conventionally used nylon membranes makes this method prohibitive. In this study, less expensive alternative materials such as ...	2011	22017658
international committee on systematics of prokaryotes subcommittee on the taxonomy of agrobacterium and rhizobium: minutes of the meeting, 7 september 2010, geneva, switzerland.		2011	22156799
genotypic characterization of phage-typed indigenous soybean bradyrhizobia and their host range symbiotic effectiveness.	analysis of genetic diversity among indigenous rhizobia and its symbiotic effectiveness with soybean cultivar is important for development of knowledge about rhizobial ecology. in india, little is known about the genetic resources and diversity of rhizobia nodulating soybean. indigenous bradyrhizobia isolated from root nodules of soybean plants, collected from traditional cultivating regions of two states (madhya pradesh and uttar pradesh) of india, were screened for bacteriophage sensitivity to ...	2011	21984348
Synthesis of the Flavonoid-Induced Lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium Sp. Strain NGR234 Requires Rhamnosyl Transferases Encoded by Genes rgpF and wbgA.	In the presence of flavonoids, Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 synthesizes a new lipopolysaccharide (LPS), characterized by a rhamnan O-antigen. The presence of this rhamnose-rich LPS is important for the establishment of competent symbiotic interactions between NGR234 and many species of leguminous plants. Two putative rhamnosyl transferases are encoded in a cluster of genes previously shown to be necessary for the synthesis of the rhamnose-rich LPS. These two genes, wbgA and rgpF, were mutated. Th ...	2011	22066901
draft genome sequence of the biocontrol bacterium pseudomonas putida b001, an oligotrophic bacterium that induces systemic resistance to plant diseases.	pseudomonas putida b001 is a rhizobacterium that was isolated on the basis of its abilities to grow under low-nutrient conditions and induce systemic resistance against bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases of plants. here we report the draft genome sequence and automatic annotation of strain b001. comparison of this sequence to the sequenced genome of p. putida kt2440 points to a subset of gene functions that may be related to the defense-inducing functions of b001.	2011	22072649
Stimulation of methanotrophic growth in cocultures by cobalamin excreted by rhizobia.	Methanotrophs play a key role in the global carbon cycle, in which they affect methane emissions and help to sustain diverse microbial communities through the conversion of methane to organic compounds. To investigate the microbial interactions that cause positive effects on methanotrophs, cocultures were constructed using Methylovulum miyakonense HT12 and each of nine nonmethanotrophic bacteria, which were isolated from a methane-utilizing microbial consortium culture established from forest so ...	2011	21984248
the nitric oxide response in plant-associated endosymbiotic bacteria.	nitric oxide (no) is a gaseous signalling molecule which becomes very toxic due to its ability to react with multiple cellular targets in biological systems. bacterial cells protect against no through the expression of enzymes that detoxify this molecule by oxidizing it to nitrate or reducing it to nitrous oxide or ammonia. these enzymes are haemoglobins, c-type nitric oxide reductase, flavorubredoxins and the cytochrome c respiratory nitrite reductase. expression of the genes encoding these enz ...	2011	22103544
modulation of host immunity by beneficial microbes.	in nature, plants abundantly form beneficial associations with soilborne microbes that are important for plant survival and, as such, affect plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. classical examples of symbiotic microbes are mycorrhizal fungi that aid in the uptake of water and minerals, and rhizobium bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant. several other types of beneficial soilborne microbes, such as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and fungi with biological control act ...	2011	21995763
contribution of nfp lysm domains to the recognition of nod factors during the medicago truncatula/sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis.	the root nodule nitrogen fixing symbiosis between legume plants and soil bacteria called rhizobia is of great agronomical and ecological interest since it provides the plant with fixed atmospheric nitrogen. the establishment of this symbiosis is mediated by the recognition by the host plant of lipo-chitooligosaccharides called nod factors (nfs), produced by the rhizobia. this recognition is highly specific, as precise nf structures are required depending on the host plant. here, we study the imp ...	2011	22087221
environmental microbiota represents a natural reservoir for dissemination of clinically relevant metallo-beta-lactamases.	a total of 10 metallo-β-lactamase-producing isolates of six different species, including brevundimonas diminuta (n = 3), rhizobium radiobacter (n = 2), pseudomonas monteilii (n = 1), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2), ochrobactrum anthropi (n = 1), and enterobacter ludwigii (n = 1), were detected in the sewage water of a hospital. the presence of bla(vim-13) associated with a tn1721-class 1 integron structure was detected in all but one of the isolates (e. ludwigii, which produced vim-2), and in tw ...	2011	21859934
early signaling in actinorhizal symbioses.	nitrogen-fixing root nodulation, confined to four plant orders, encompasses more than 14,000 leguminosae species, and approximately 200 actinorhizal species forming symbioses with rhizobia (rhizobium, bradyrhizobium, etc) and frankia bacterial species, respectively. while several genetic components of the host-symbiont interaction have been identified in legumes, little is known about the genetic bases of actinorhizal symbiosis. however, we recently demonstrated the existence of common symbiotic ...	2011	21847030
rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia in a neonate.	rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia is an infrequent cause of human infection. we report a rare manifestation of r. radiobacter infection in which bacteremia occurred in a newborn infant without other risk factors.	2011	22038113
natural variation in host-specific nodulation of pea is associated with a haplotype of the sym37 lysm-type receptor-like kinase.	rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, which nodulates pea and vetch, makes a mixture of secreted nodulation signals (nod factors) carrying either a c18:4 or a c18:1 n-linked acyl chain. mutation of node blocks the formation of the c18:4 acyl chain, and node mutants, which produce only c18:1-containing nod factors, are less efficient at nodulating pea. however, there is significant natural variation in the levels of nodulation of different pea cultivars by a node mutant of r. leguminosarum bv. vici ...	2011	21995800
evolutionary origin of rhizobium nod factor signaling.	for over two decades now, it is known that the nodule symbiosis between legume plants and nitrogen fixing rhizobium bacteria is set in motion by the bacterial signal molecule named nodulation (nod) factor. ( 1) upon nod factor perception a signaling cascade is activated that is also essential for endomycorrhizal symbiosis (fig. 1). this suggests that rhizobium co-opted the evolutionary far more ancient mycorrhizal signaling pathway in order to establish an endosymbiotic interaction with legumes ...	2011	21904113
how good is the turbid medium-based approach for accounting for light partitioning in contrasted grass--legume intercropping systems?	most studies dealing with light partitioning in intercropping systems have used statistical models based on the turbid medium approach, thus assuming homogeneous canopies. however, these models could not be directly validated although spatial heterogeneities could arise in such canopies. the aim of the present study was to assess the ability of the turbid medium approach to accurately estimate light partitioning within grass-legume mixed canopies.	2011	21865218
mutualism and adaptive divergence: co-invasion of a heterogeneous grassland by an exotic legume-rhizobium symbiosis.	species interactions play a critical role in biological invasions. for example, exotic plant and microbe mutualists can facilitate each other's spread as they co-invade novel ranges. environmental context may influence the effect of mutualisms on invasions in heterogeneous environments, however these effects are poorly understood. we examined the mutualism between the legume, medicago polymorpha, and the rhizobium, ensifer medicae, which have both invaded california grasslands. many of these inv ...	2011	22174755
effect of applying an arsenic-resistant and plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium to enhance soil arsenic phytoremediation by populus deltoides lh05-17.	bioremediation of highly arsenic (as)-contaminated soil is difficult because as is very toxic for plants and micro-organisms. the aim of this study was to investigate soil arsenic removal effects using poplar in combination with the inoculation of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr).	2011	21895895
[polymorphism of lectin genes in lathyrus plants].	the carbohydrate-binding sequences of the lectin genes from spring vetchling lathyrus vernus (l.) bernh., marsh vetchling l. palustris (l.), and gmelin's vetchling l. gmelinii (fitsch) (fabaceae) were determined. computer-aided analysis revealed substantial differences between nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the lectin gene regions examined in each of the three vetchling species tested. in the phylogenetic trees based on sequence similarity of carbohydrate-biding regions of legu ...	2011	21938955
glutamine synthetase is a molecular target of nitric oxide in root nodules of medicago truncatula and is regulated by tyrosine nitration.	nitric oxide (no) is emerging as an important regulatory player in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis, but its biological role in nodule functioning is still far from being understood. to unravel the signal transduction cascade and ultimately no function, it is necessary to identify its molecular targets. this study provides evidence that glutamine synthetase (gs), a key enzyme for root nodule metabolism, is a molecular target of no in root nodules of medicago truncatula, being regulated by tyrosine ...	2011	21914816
Biogeography of symbiotic and other endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal Glycyrrhiza species in China.	A total of 159 endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of wild perennial Glycyrrhiza legumes growing on 40 sites in central and northwestern China. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genomic fingerprinting and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes revealed that the collection mainly consisted of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Agrobacterium and Paenibacillus species. Based on symbiotic properties with the legume hosts Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Gl ...	2011	22066910
Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN primes Vitis vinifera L. and confers a better tolerance to low non-freezing temperatures.	Several endophytic bacteria reportedly induce resistance to biotic stress and abiotic stress tolerance in several plant species. Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN (PsJN) is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that is able to colonize grapevine tissues and induce resistance to gray mold. Further, PsJN induces physiological changes that increase grapevine tolerance to low non-freezing temperatures. To better understand how bacteria induced the observed phenomena, stress-related gene ...	2011	21942451
Mutation of the sensor kinase chvG in Rhizobium leguminosarum negatively impacts cellular metabolism, outer membrane stability, and symbiosis.	Two component signal transduction systems (TCS) are a main strategy used by bacteria to sense and adapt to changes in their environment. In the legume symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae VF39, mutation of the histidine kinase, chvG, caused a number of pleiotropic phenotypes. ChvG mutants are unable to grow on proline, glutamate, histidine, or arginine as the sole carbon source. The chvG mutant secreted lower amounts of acidic and neutral surface polysaccharides, and accumulated abnorm ...	2011	22155778
Evaluation of the coal-degrading ability of Rhizobium and chelatococcus strains isolated from the formation water of an Indian coal bed.	The rise in global energy demand has prompted researches on developing strategies for transforming coal into a cleaner fuel. This requires isolation of microbes with the capability to degrade complex coal into simpler substrates to support methanogenesis in the coal beds. In this study, aerobic bacteria were isolated from an Indian coal bed that can solubilize and utilize coal as the sole source of carbon. The six bacterial isolates capable of growing on coal agar medium were identified on the b ...	2011	22127119
novel root nodule bacteria belonging to the genus caulobacter.	aim of this study is to determine the genetic variation of rhizobia associated with horse gram [macrotyloma uniflorum (lam.) verdc.] plants grown in different regions of andhra pradesh, india.	2011	21919926
Lotus japonicus nodulation is photomorphogenetically controlled by sensing the red/far red (R/FR) ratio through jasmonic acid (JA) signaling.	Light is critical for supplying carbon to the energetically expensive, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Here, we show that phytochrome B (phyB) is part of the monitoring system to detect suboptimal light conditions, which normally suppress Lotus japonicus nodule development after Mesorhizobium loti inoculation. We found that the number of nodules produced by L. japonicus phyB mutants is significantly reduced compared with the number produced of WT Miyakojima MG20. To explo ...	2011	21930895
nitric oxide in legume-rhizobium symbiosis.	nitric oxide (no) is a gaseous signaling molecule with a broad spectrum of regulatory functions in plant growth and development. no has been found to be involved in various pathogenic or symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. during the last decade, increasing evidence of the occurrence of no during legume-rhizobium symbioses has been reported, from early steps of plant-bacteria interaction, to the nitrogen-fixing step in mature nodules. this review focuses on recent advances on no production and ...	2011	21893254
microvirga lupini sp. nov., microvirga lotononidis sp. nov., and microvirga zambiensis sp. nov. are alphaproteobacterial root nodule bacteria that specifically nodulate and fix nitrogen with geographically and taxonomically separate legume hosts.	strains of gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules of the native legumes listia angolensis (from zambia) and lupinus texensis (from texas, usa). phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene showed that the novel strains belong to the genus microvirga, with 96.1 % or greater sequence similarity with type strains of this genus. the closest relative of the representative strains lut6t and wsm3557t was m. flocculans tfbt, with 97.6-98.0 % simila ...	2011	22199210
A phylogenetic strategy based on a legume-specific whole genome duplication yields symbiotic cytokinin type-a response regulators.	Legumes host their Rhizobium spp. symbiont in novel root organs called nodules. Nodules originate from differentiated root cortical cells that dedifferentiate and subsequently form nodule primordia, a process controlled by cytokinin. A whole-genome duplication has occurred at the root of the legume Papilionoideae subfamily. We hypothesize that gene pairs originating from this duplication event and are conserved in distinct Papilionoideae lineages have evolved symbiotic functions. A phylogenetic ...	2011	22034625
Effects of salt stress on some nitrogen fixation parameters in faba bean.	The adverse effects of sea water salinity on number of nodules, nitrogen content, nitroginase activity, Chlorophyll a and b content, proline accumulation and protein pattern of faba bean plants (Vicia faba commercial cultivar Nubaria 1) were investigated. Faba bean plants were irrigated with sea water at 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50% concentrations and inoculated with rhizobial isolate ARC307 or with gamma rays treated isolates namely; ARC1, ARC2, ARC3, ARC4, ARC5, ARC6 and ARC7. Nodules number, nitrog ...	2011	21902062
Activation and inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase from Rhizobium etli.	While crystallographic structures of the R. etli pyruvate carboxylase (PC) holoenzyme revealed the location and probable positioning of the essential activator, Mg(2+), and nonessential activator, acetyl-CoA, an understanding of how they affect catalysis remains unclear. The current steady-state kinetic investigation indicates that both acetyl-CoA and Mg(2+) assist in coupling the MgATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin in the biotin carboxylase (BC) domain with pyruvate carboxylation in the car ...	2011	21958066
modulation of metabolism and switching to biofilm prevail over exopolysaccharide production in the response of rhizobium alamii to cadmium.	heavy metals such as cadmium (cd(2+)) affect microbial metabolic processes. consequently, bacteria adapt by adjusting their cellular machinery. we have investigated the dose-dependent growth effects of cd(2+) on rhizobium alamii, an exopolysaccharide (eps)-producing bacterium that forms a biofilm on plant roots. adsorption isotherms show that the eps of r. alamii binds cadmium in competition with calcium. a metabonomics approach based on ion cyclotron resonance fourier transform mass spectrometr ...	2011	22096497
expression of avian reovirus minor capsid protein in plants.	the minor coat protein of the avian reovirus (arv), sc, encoded by the s1 genome segment, is one of the major candidates for the development of a subunit vaccine against arv infection. to develop a plant-based vaccine to immunize poultry against arv infection, we constructed 4 plant nuclear expression vectors with or without codon modification of the s1 gene, and their expression was driven by a camv 35s promoter or rice actin1 promoter. in addition, the expressed sc proteins were targeted subce ...	2011	21354211
enzymatic activity of the soybean ecto-apyrase gs52 is essential for stimulation of nodulation.	nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis, root nodules are the sites of bacterial nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form that plants can utilize. while recent studies suggested an important role for the soybean (glycine max) ecto-apyrase gs52 in rhizobial root hair infection and root nodule formation, precisely how this protein impacts the nodulation process remains undetermined. in this study, the biochemical charac ...	2011	21346172
obtaining of transgenic french bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris l.) resistant to the herbicide pursuit by agrobacterium-mediated transformation.	the transgenic plants of french bean (phaseolus vulgaris) resistant herbicide pursuit and kanamycin have been obtained. the genetic transformation was carried out with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 containing binary vector carrying mutant ahas/als and selective nptii genes. integration of the transgenes into plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.	2011	21568221
variations in outer-membrane characteristics of two stem-nodulating bacteria of sesbania rostrata and its role in tolerance towards diverse stress.	outer-membrane characteristics may determine the survivability of rhizobia under diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. therefore, the role of lipopolysaccharides (lps) and membrane proteins of two stem-nodulating bacteria of sesbania rostrata (azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 and rhizobium sp. we7) in determining tolerance towards abiotic and biotic stresses (hydrophobics and phages) was investigated. outer-membrane characteristics (lps and membrane-protein profiles) of ors571, we7 and thirteen st ...	2011	21573832
[agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of aspergillus niger conidiospores and sequence analysis of t-dna insertion site in conidiation-defective mutant].	development of a method of transforming aspergillus niger conidiospores with agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna system and using it as a tool for genome annotation via construction a t-dna insertion mutant library of a. niger.	2011	21574390
the biocontrol bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens pf29arp strain affects the pathogenesis-related gene expression of the take-all fungus gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici on wheat roots.	the main effects of antagonistic rhizobacteria on plant pathogenic fungi are antibiosis, fungistasis or an indirect constraint through the induction of a plant defence response. to explore different biocontrol mechanisms, an in vitro confrontation assay was conducted with the rhizobacterium pseudomonas fluorescens pf29arp as a biocontrol agent of the fungus gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt) on wheat roots. in parallel with the assessment of disease extension, together with the bacterial ...	2011	21726382
nod factors stimulate seed germination and promote growth and nodulation of pea and vetch under competitive conditions.	nod factors are lipochitooligosaccharide (lco) produced by soil bacteria commonly known as rhizobia acting as signals for the legume plants to initiate symbiosis. nod factors trigger early symbiotic responses in plant roots and initiate the development of specialized plant organs called nodules, where biological nitrogen fixation takes place. here, the effect of specific lco originating from flavonoid induced rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae gr09 culture was studied on germination, plant growt ...	2011	21723717
phylogenetic analysis reveals gene conversions in multigene families of rhizobia.	gene families are an important and intrinsic trait of rhizobial species. these gene copies can participate in non-reciprocal recombination events, also called gene conversions. gene conversion has diverse roles, but it is usually implicated in the evolution of multigene families. here, we searched for gene conversions in multigene families of six representative rhizobial genomes. we identified 11 gene families with different numbers of copies, genome location and function in cfn42 and ciat652 st ...	2011	21823087
Agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing assay in cotton.	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Considerable efforts have been made on molecular breeding of new varieties. The large-scale gene functional analysis in cotton has been lagged behind most of the modern plant species, likely due to its large size of genome, gene duplication and polyploidy, long growth cycle and recalcitrance to genetic transformation(1). To facilitate high throughput functional genetic/genomic study in cotton, we attempt to develop rapid a ...	2011	21876527
Symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobial mutualists varies in interactions with native Australian legume genera.	Interactions between plants and beneficial soil organisms (e.g. rhizobial bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi) are models for investigating the ecological impacts of such associations in plant communities, and the evolution and maintenance of variation in mutualisms (e.g. host specificity and the level of benefits provided). With relatively few exceptions, variation in symbiotic effectiveness across wild host species is largely unexplored.	2011	21887270
growth and cesium uptake responses of phytolacca americana linn. and amaranthus cruentus l. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated co2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium burkholderia sp. d54, or in combination.	growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated co(2) and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. the present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of burkholderia sp. d54 inoculation and elevated co(2) (860 μl l(-1)) on growth and cs uptake by phytolacca americana and amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of c ...	2011	22074893
the superoxide dismutase soda is targeted to the periplasm in a seca-dependent manner by a novel mechanism.	the manganese/iron-type superoxide dismutase (soda) of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 is exported to the periplasm of r. l. bv. viciae and escherichia coli. however, it does not possess a hydrophobic cleaved n-terminal signal peptide typically present in soluble proteins exported by the sec-dependent (sec) pathway or the twin-arginine translocation (tat) pathway. a tatc mutant of r. l. bv. viciae exported soda to the periplasm, ruling out export of soda as a complex with a tat substrate ...	2011	21854464
rhizobium halophytocola sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the root of a coastal dune plant.	during a study of endophytic bacteria from coastal dune plants, a bacterial strain, designated yc6881t, was isolated from the root of rosa rugosa collected from the coastal dune areas of namhae island. the bacterium was found to be gram-negative, motile, halophilic and heterotrophic with a polar single flagellum. strain yc6881t exhibited growth at temperature 4-37 °c (optimum at 28-32 °c), ph 6.0-9.0 (optimum at ph 7.0-8.0) and was able to grow at nacl concentrations in the range of 0-7.5 % (w/v ...	2011	22021574
effect of fungicides on plant growth promoting activities of phosphate solubilizing pseudomonasputida isolated from mustard (brassica compestris) rhizosphere.	this study was navigated to examine the effects of fungicide-stress on the activities of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium pseudomonasputida with inherent phosphate solubilizing activity. the fungicide-tolerant and phosphate solubilizing p.putida strain ps9 was isolated from the mustard rhizosphere and tentatively identified following standard morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. to further consolidate the identity of the strain ps9, the 16s rdna sequence analysis was performe ...	2011	22133911
escherichia coli bdca controls biofilm dispersal in pseudomonas aeruginosa and rhizobium meliloti.	abstract:	2011	22029875
interaction between the biotin carboxyl carrier domain and the biotin carboxylase domain in pyruvate carboxylase from rhizobium etli.	pyruvate carboxylase (pc) catalyzes the atp-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, an important anaplerotic reaction in mammalian tissues. to effect catalysis, the tethered biotin of pc must gain access to active sites in both the biotin carboxylase domain and the carboxyl transferase domain. previous studies have demonstrated that a mutation of threonine 882 to alanine in pc from rhizobium etli renders the carboxyl transferase domain inactive and favors the positioning of biotin i ...	2011	21958016
galega orientalis is more diverse than galega officinalis in caucasus--whole-genome aflp analysis and phylogenetics of symbiosis-related genes.	legume plants can obtain combined nitrogen for their growth in an efficient way through symbiosis with specific bacteria. the symbiosis between rhizobium galegae and its host plant galega is an interesting case where the plant species g. orientalis and g. officinalis form effective, nitrogen-fixing, symbioses only with the appropriate rhizobial counterpart, r. galegae bv. orientalis and r. galegae bv. officinalis, respectively. the symbiotic properties of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are well studie ...	2011	21980996
variations in exopolysaccharide production by rhizobium tropici.	rhizobium tropici, a legume-symbiont soil bacterium, is known for its copious production of exopolysaccharide (eps). many aspects of this organism's growth and eps production, however, remain uncharacterized, including the influence of environment and culturing conditions upon eps. here, we demonstrate that r. tropici eps chemical composition and yield differ when grown with different substrates in a defined minimal medium in batch culture. exopolysaccharide was quantified from r. tropici grown ...	2011	21858649
polyphasic approach for the characterization of rhizobial symbionts effective in fixing n(2) with common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.).	common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) is a legume that has been reported as highly promiscuous in nodulating with a variety of rhizobial strains, often with low effectiveness in fixing nitrogen. the aim of this work was to assess the symbiotic efficiency of rhizobial strains isolated from common bean seeds, nodules of arachis hypogaea, mucuna pruriens, and soils from various brazilian agroecosystems, followed by the characterization of elite strains identified in the first screening. forty-five el ...	2011	22159885
Diversity of 16S rRNA genes from bacteria of sugarcane rhizosphere soil.	Sugarcane is an important agricultural product of Brazil, with a total production of more than 500 million tons. Knowledge of the bacterial community associated with agricultural crops and the soil status is a decisive step towards understanding how microorganisms influence crop productivity. However, most studies aim to isolate endophytic or rhizosphere bacteria associated with the plant by culture-dependent approaches. Culture-independent approaches allow a more comprehensive view of entire ba ...	2011	22042267