Publications

innate immunity effectors and virulence factors in symbiosis.	rhizobium-legume symbiosis has been considered as a mutually favorable relationship for both partners. however, in certain phylogenetic groups of legumes, the plant directs the bacterial symbiont into an irreversible terminal differentiation. this is mediated by the actions of hundreds of symbiosis-specific plant peptides resembling antimicrobial peptides, the effectors of innate immunity. the bacterial baca protein, associated in animal pathogenic bacteria with the maintenance of chronic intrac ...	2011	21215682
bac-recombineering for studying plant gene regulation: developmental control and cellular localization of snrk1 kinase subunits.	recombineering, permitting precise modification of genes within bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) through homologous recombination mediated by lambda phage-encoded red proteins, is a widely used powerful tool in mouse, caenorhabditis and drosophila genetics. as agrobacterium-mediated transfer of large dna inserts from binary bacs and tacs into plants occurs at low frequency, recombineering is so far seldom exploited in the analysis of plant gene functions. we have constructed binary plant ...	2011	21235649
an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor cotranscribed with its cognate anti-sigma factor confers tolerance to nacl, ethanol and methylene blue in azospirillum brasilense sp7.	azospirillum brasilense, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, is exposed to changes in its abiotic environment, including fluctuations in temperature, salinity, osmolarity, oxygen concentration and nutrient concentration, in the rhizosphere and in the soil. since extra-cytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factors play an important role in stress adaptation, we analysed the role of ecf sigma factor (also known as rpoe or s(e)) in abiotic stress tolerance in a. brasilense. an in-frame rpoe deletio ...	2011	21233159
failure to fix nitrogen by non-reproductive symbiotic rhizobia triggers host sanctions that reduce fitness of their reproductive clonemates.	the legume-rhizobia symbiosis is a classical mutualism where fixed carbon and nitrogen are exchanged between the species. nonetheless, the plant carbon that fuels nitrogen (n(2)) fixation could be diverted to rhizobial reproduction by 'cheaters'--rhizobial strains that fix less n(2) but potentially gain the benefit of fixation by other rhizobia. host sanctions can decrease the relative fitness of less-beneficial reproductive bacteroids and prevent cheaters from breaking down the mutualism. howev ...	2011	21270038
mutation of gogat prevents pea bacteroid formation and n2 fixation by globally downregulating transport of organic nitrogen sources.	mutation of gltb (encoding glutamate oxoglutarate amidotransferase or gogat) in ru2307 increased the intracellular gln:glu ratio and inhibited amino acid transport via aap and bra. the mechanism probably involves global post-translational inhibition independent of ntr. transport was separately restored by increased gene expression of aap or heterologous transporters. likewise, second site suppressor mutations in the rna chaperone hfq elevated transport by aap and bra by increasing mrna levels. m ...	2011	21276099
the extreme dwarf phenotype of the ga-sensitive mutant of sunflower, dwarf2, is generated by a deletion in the ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase1 (hakao1) gene sequence.	a dwarf mutant, dw arf 2 (dw2), was isolated from sunflower (helianthus annuus). the most obvious alterations of dw2 plants were the lack of stem growth, reduced size of leaves, petioles and flower organs, retarded flower development. pollen and ovules were produced but the filaments failed to extrude the anthers from the corolla. the dw2 phenotype was mainly because of reduced cell size. in dw2 leaves, the dark-green color was not so much due to higher pigment content, but was correlated with a ...	2011	21279813
epigenetic control of agrobacterium t-dna integration.	to genetically transform plants, agrobacterium transfers its t-dna into the host cell and integrates it into the plant genome, resulting in neoplastic growths. over the past 2 decades, a great deal has been learned about the molecular mechanism by which agrobacterium produces t-dna and transports it into the host nucleus. however, t-dna integration, which is the limiting, hence, the most critical step of the transformation process, largely remains an enigma. increasing evidence suggests that agr ...	2011	21296691
phosphate-solubilization mechanism and in vitro plant growth promotion activity mediated by pantoea eucalypti isolated from lotus tenuis rhizosphere in the salado river basin (argentina).	to isolate and characterize phosphate-solubilizing strains from a constrained environment such as the salado river basin and to assess their phosphate-solubilizing mechanisms, to further selection of the most promising strains to inoculate and improve the implantation and persistence of lotus tenuis in the most important area devoted to meat-cow production in argentina.	2011	21299771
generation and immunogenicity of transgenic potato expressing the gp5 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an important pathogen that has caused huge economic losses in the global swine industry. the advent of molecular farming has provided a cost-effective strategy for the development of transgenic plants as bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins. in this study, transgenic potato expressing gp5 protein of prrsv was produced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and confirmed using southern blot and rt-pcr analyses. recombinant g ...	2011	21300109
citrate stimulates oligosaccharide synthesis in metabolically engineered agrobacterium sp.	agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749 was previously shown to be an advantageous host for oligosaccharide production. unexpectedly, the addition of citrate to the oligosaccharide synthesis reaction resulted in up to a sixfold improvement in the production n-aceytl-lactosamine, a disaccharide. the possible mechanisms for this citrate-induced stimulation of oligosaccharide production were investigated, including the consumption of citrate as a carbon and energy source, enhanced metal ion solubility from ci ...	2011	21302148
cupriavidus taiwanensis bacteroids in mimosa pudica indeterminate nodules are not terminally differentiated.	the beta-rhizobium cupriavidus taiwanensis forms indeterminate nodules on mimosa pudica. c. taiwanensis bacteroids resemble free-living bacteria in terms of genomic dna content, cell size, membrane permeability, and viability, in contrast to bacteroids in indeterminate nodules of the galegoid clade. bacteroid differentiation is thus unrelated to nodule ontogeny.	2011	21257807
visual mapping of cell wall biosynthesis.	biosynthesis of pectin and hemicelluloses occurs in the golgi apparatus and is thought to involve spatial regulations and complex formation of biosynthetic enzymes and proteins. we have demonstrated that a combination of heterologous expression of recombinant proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins and live cell imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) allows efficient visualization of biosynthetic enzymes and proteins in subcellular compartments. we have also successfully utiliz ...	2011	21222083
expression of human papillomavirus 16 e7ggg oncoprotein on n- and c-terminus of potato virus x coat protein in bacterial and plant cells.	the e7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) is an attractive candidate for anti-cancer therapeutical vaccine development. in this study, we engineered different fusions of mutagenized coding sequence of e7 oncoprotein (e7ggg) with coat protein of potato virus x (pvx cp) both on 5'- and 3'-terminus of pvx cp and evaluated the influence of the length of linker (no linker, 4, 15aa) connecting pvx cp and e7ggg on their production. at first the expression in escherichia coli was cond ...	2011	21266198
a novel interaction between ccamk and a protein containing the scythe_n ubiquitin-like domain in lotus japonicus.	in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (ccamk) is a key regulator for both rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. deregulation of ccamk by either a point mutation in the autophosphorylation site or the deletion of the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain results in spontaneous nodule formation without rhizobia. however, the underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. here, using the kinase domain of ccamk as a bait in yeast two-hybrid sc ...	2011	21209278
highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation of banana cv. rasthali (aab) via sonication and vacuum infiltration.	a reproducible and efficient transformation method was developed for the banana cv. rasthali (aab) via agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of suckers. three-month-old banana suckers were used as explant and three agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (eha105, eha101, and lba4404) harboring the binary vector pcambia1301 were used in the co-cultivation. the banana suckers were sonicated and vacuum infiltered with each of the three a. tumefaciens strains and co-cultivated in the medium contai ...	2011	21212957
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plant production via direct shoot bud organogenesis from pre-plasmolyzed leaf explants of catharanthus roseus.	production of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transgenic plants, via direct shoot bud organogenesis from leaves of catharanthus roseus, is reported. a. tumefaciens harbouring the plasmid pbi121 with gus gene uida and kanamycin resistance gene nptii was used. highest transformation efficiency of 1.4 transgenic shoots/responded explant was obtained when pre-plasmolysed leaves, pre-incubated on shoot bud induction medium for 10 days, were subjected to sonication for 30 s prior to transformation. ...	2011	21207108
bioassays of quorum sensing compounds using agrobacterium tumefaciens and chromobacterium violaceum.	in most bacteria, a global level of regulation exists involving intercellular communication via the production and response to cell density-dependent signal molecules. this cell density-dependent regulation has been termed quorum sensing (qs). qs is a global regulator, which has been associated with a number of important features in bacteria including virulence regulation and biofilm formation. consequently, there is considerable interest in understanding, detecting, and inhibiting qs. acyl homo ...	2011	21031300
identification of virulence genes in the corn pathogen colletotrichum graminicola by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.	a previously developed agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocol for the plant pathogenic fungus colletotrichum graminicola led to high rates of tandem integration of the whole ti-plasmid, and was therefore considered to be unsuitable for the identification of pathogenicity and virulence genes by insertional mutagenesis in this pathogen. we used a modified atmt protocol with acetosyringone present only during the co-cultivation of c. graminicola and a. tumefaciens. analys ...	2011	21118348
the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium bacillus cereus ar156 induces systemic resistance in arabidopsis thaliana by simultaneously activating salicylate- and jasmonate/ethylene-dependent signaling pathways.	bacillus cereus ar156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens including pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. this study analyzed ar156-induced systemic resistance (isr) to dc3000 in arabidopsis ecotype col-0 plants. compared with mock-treated plants, ar156-treated ones showed an increase in biomass and reductions in disease severity and pathogen density in the leaves. the defense-related genes pr1, pr2, pr5, and pdf1.2 were conc ...	2011	21198361
hydroxylated ornithine lipids increase stress tolerance in rhizobium tropici ciat899.	ornithine lipids (ols) are widespread among gram-negative bacteria. their basic structure consists of a 3-hydroxy fatty acyl group attached in amide linkage to the α-amino group of ornithine and a second fatty acyl group ester-linked to the 3-hydroxy position of the first fatty acid. ols can be hydroxylated within the secondary fatty acyl moiety and this modification has been related to increased stress tolerance. rhizobium tropici, a nodule-forming α-proteobacterium known for its stress toleran ...	2011	21205018
cinnamic acid, coumarin and vanillin: alternative phenolic compounds for efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the unicellular green alga, nannochloropsis sp.	the use of acetosyringone in agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into plant hosts has been favored for the past few decades. the influence of other phenolic compounds and their effectiveness in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation systems has been neglected. in this study, the efficacy of four phenolic compounds on agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the unicellular green alga nannochloropsis sp. (strain umt-m3) was assessed by using β-glucuronidase (gus) assay. we found that cinnam ...	2011	21256888
immature seeds and embryos of medicago truncatula cultured in vitro.	legumes are an important source of proteins and lipids for food and feed. in addition, they are -environmentally friendly because of their capacity to fix nitrogen through a symbiosis with rhizobium that permits them to produce abundant proteins even in the absence of nitrogen fertilization. seed development in plants follows three chronological steps (1) seed coat differentiation, embryo morphogenesis and endosperm development; (2) embryo maturation with storage accumulation and (3) dehydration ...	2011	21207260
characterization of the plant cell wall proteome using high-throughput screens.	plant cell wall proteins play essential roles in many important biological processes, and yet there is still not a comprehensive catalogue of the cell wall proteome, or "secretome". here, we describe three procedures, including a yeast secretion trap (yst), agrobacterium-mediated transient expression using a necrosis-inducing protein (nip) and protein localization assay using a fluorescent protein, to identify and confirm the localization of cell wall proteins. the approaches are orthogonal and ...	2011	21222090
generation of interspecific hybrids of trifolium using embryo rescue techniques.	the genus trifolium leguminosae (fabaceae), commonly called clovers, includes 237-290 annual and perennial species, of which about 20 are important as cultivated and pasture crops. taxonomic distribution supported by molecular analysis indicates that mediterranean region is one of the main centers of distribution of the genus and also a center of domestication and breeding. self-incompatibility is prevalent in the genus, controlled by a single, multiallelic gene expressed gametophytically in the ...	2011	21207268
nitric oxide detoxification in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis.	no (nitric oxide) is a signal molecule involved in diverse physiological processes in cells which can become very toxic under certain conditions determined by its rate of production and diffusion. several studies have clearly shown the production of no in early stages of rhizobia-legume symbiosis and in mature nodules. in functioning nodules, it has been demonstrated that no, which has been reported as a potent inhibitor of nitrogenase activity, can bind lb (leghaemoglobin) to form lbnos (nitros ...	2011	21265770
development of antibiotic marker-free creeping bentgrass resistance against herbicides.	herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass plants (agrostis stolonifera l.) without antibiotic-resistant markers were produced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. embryogenic callus tissues were infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105, harboring the bar and the cp4-epsps genes for bialaphos and glyphosate resistance. phosphinothricin-resistant calli and plants were selected. soil-grown plants were obtained at 14-16 weeks after transformation. genetic transformation of the selected, rege ...	2011	21173055
telomere truncation in plants.	telomeres are highly repetitive sequences at the ends of chromosomes that act as protection structure for chromosome stability. the integration of telomere sequences into the genome by genetic transformation can create chromosome instability because the integrated telomere sequences tend to form de novo telomeres at the site of integration. thus, telomere repeats can be used to generate minichromosomes by telomere-mediated chromosome truncation in both plants and animals for chromosome studies a ...	2011	21181527
targeted mutagenesis in arabidopsis using zinc-finger nucleases.	we report here an efficient method for making targeted mutations in arabidopsis thaliana genes. the approach uses zinc-finger nucleases (zfns) - enzymes engineered to create dna double-strand breaks at specific target loci. imprecise repair of double-strand breaks by nonhomologous end-joining generates small insertions or deletions at the cleavage site. in this protocol, constructs encoding zfns for specific loci are transformed into arabidopsis by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. zfn expr ...	2011	21181530
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of a taxol-producing endophytic fungus, cladosporium cladosporioides md2.	in this study, an agrobacteriurn tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocol was successfully developed for the genetic transformation of a taxol-producing fungus, cladosporium cladosporioides md2, and the co-cultivation conditions affecting the transformation efficiency were optimized. the optimal transformation conditions were that 1 ml of c. cladosporioides md2 spore suspension (10(8) spores/ml) was mixed with an equal volume of a. tumefaciens cultures, which contained 400 μl of a. tu ...	2011	21221971
efficient insertional mutagenesis system for the dimorphic pathogenic fungus sporothrix schenckii using agrobacterium tumefaciens.	sporothrix schenckii is a dimorphic pathogenic fungus that causes human and animal sporotrichosis globally. here we developed and optimized an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) system of s. schenckii for insertional mutagenesis. the transformation efficiency reached more than 600 transformants per 10(6) conidia. using this protocol enabled us to obtain a large number of t-dna insertional mutants within a short experimental period. several mutants with altered phenotypes we ...	2011	21256883
analysing cellulose biosynthesis with confocal microscopy.	plant cells are delimited by a rigid cell wall that resists internal turgor pressure, but extends with a remarkable degree of control that allows the cell to grow and acquire specific shapes. live cell fluorescence microscopy systems have allowed an amazing view into the complex and dynamic lives of individual proteins during cell morphogenesis. the current chapter will focus on methodology for live cell imaging of cellulose synthase (cesa) in arabidopsis, which will also provide a launching pad ...	2011	21222082
genetic diversity of nodulating and non-nodulating rhizobia associated with wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.) in different ecoregions of china.	a total of 99 bacterial isolates that originated from root nodules of glycine soja were characterized with restriction analyses of amplified 16s ribosomal dna and 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (its), and sequence analyses of 16s rrna, rpob, atpd, reca and nodc genes. when tested for nodulation of g. soja, 72 of the isolates were effective symbionts, and these belonged to five species: bradyrhizobium japonicum, bradyrhizobium elkanii, bradyrhizobium yuanmingense, bradyrhizobium liaoningense and ...	2011	21303397
the integrity of the periplasmic domain of the vira sensor kinase is critical for optimal coordination of the virulence signal response in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens responds to three main signals at the plant-bacterium interface: phenolics, such as acetosyringone (as), monosaccharides, and acidic ph (∼5.5). these signals are transduced via the chromosomally encoded sugar binding protein chve and the ti plasmid-encoded vira/virg two-component regulatory system, resulting in the transcriptional activation of the ti plasmid virulence genes. here, we present genetic and physical evidence that the periplasmic domain o ...	2011	21216996
plasmids with a chromosome-like role in rhizobia.	replicon architecture in bacteria is commonly comprised of one indispensable chromosome and several dispensable plasmids. this view has been enriched by the discovery of additional chromosomes, identified mainly by localization of rrna and/or trna genes, and also by experimental demonstration of their requirement for cell growth. the genome of rhizobium etli cfn42 is constituted by one chromosome and six large plasmids, ranging in size from 184 to 642 kb. five of the six plasmids are dispensable ...	2011	21217003
peptide signalling in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis.	for two decades, signalling research in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis field has been dominated by oligosaccharide signals (mainly nod factors and, to a lesser extent, surface polysaccharides made by the microsymbionts) and phytohormones. recently, plant peptides have emerged as another major class of signalling molecules in the rhizobium-legume symbioses contributing to the control of nodulation, infection and bacteroid differentiation. here we focus on three examples of symbiotically relevant ...	2011	21236724
recent advances in plant transformation.	plant genetic engineering has become one of the most important molecular tools in the modern molecular breeding of crops. over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the development of new and efficient transformation methods in plants. despite a variety of available dna delivery methods, agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated transformation remain the two predominantly employed approaches. in particular, progress in agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cereals and other recal ...	2011	21181522
homologous overexpression of xylanase in fusarium oxysporum increases ethanol productivity during consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) of lignocellulosics.	in an effort to increase ethanol productivity during the consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) of lignocellulosics by fusarium oxysporum, we attempted the constitutive homologous overexpression of one of the key process enzymes, namely an endo-xylanase. the endo-β-1,4-xylanase 2 gene was incorporated into the f. oxysporum genome under the regulation of the gpda promoter of aspergillus nidulans. the transformation was effected through agrobacterium tumefaciens and resulted in 12 transformants, two of ...	2011	21237221
covalent immobilization of recombinant rhizobium etli cfn42 xylitol dehydrogenase onto modified silica nanoparticles.	rare sugars have many applications in food industry, as well as pharmaceutical and nutrition industries. xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh) can be used to synthesize various rare sugars enzymatically. however, the immobilization of xdh has not been performed to improve the industrial production of rare sugars. in this study, silica nanoparticles which have high immobilization efficiency were selected from among several carriers for immobilization of recombinant rhizobium etli cfn42 xylitol dehydrogenas ...	2011	21246353
catalytic mechanism and three-dimensional structure of adenine deaminase.	adenine deaminase (ade) catalyzes the conversion of adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia. the enzyme isolated from escherichia coli using standard expression conditions was low for the deamination of adenine (k(cat) = 2.0 s(-1); k(cat)/k(m) = 2.5 × 10(3) m(-1) s(-1)). however, when iron was sequestered with a metal chelator and the growth medium was supplemented with mn(2+) prior to induction, the purified enzyme was substantially more active for the deamination of adenine with k(cat) and k(cat)/ ...	2011	21247091
a bicistronic, ubiquitin-10 promoter-based vector cassette for transient transformation and functional analysis of membrane transport demonstrates the utility of quantitative voltage clamp studies on intact arabidopsis root epidermis.	to date the use of fluorescent reporter constructs in analysing membrane transport has been limited primarily to cell lines expressing stably either the tagged transporter protein(s) or markers to identify lineages of interest. strategies for transient expression have yet to be exploited in transport analysis, despite their wide application in cellular imaging studies. here we describe a gateway-compatible, bicistronic vector, incorporating the constitutive ubiqutin-10 gene promoter of arabidops ...	2011	21251017
a β-glucuronidase (gus) based cell death assay.	we have developed a novel transient plant expression system that simultaneously expresses the reporter gene, β-glucuronidase (gus), with putative positive or negative regulators of cell death. in this system, n. benthamiana leaves are co-infiltrated with a 35s driven expression cassette containing the gene to be analyzed, and the gus vector pcambia 2301 using agrobacterium strain lba4404 as a vehicle. because live cells are required for gus expression to occur, loss of gus activity is expected w ...	2011	21587161
soybean transcription factor gmmybz2 represses catharanthine biosynthesis in hairy roots of catharanthus roseus.	catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a plant species known for its production of a variety of terpenoid indole alkaloids, many of which have pharmacological activities. production of catharanthine in cell cultures or in hairy roots established by transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes is of interest because catharanthine can be chemically coupled to the abundant leaf alkaloid vindoline to form the valuable anticancer drug vinblastine. here, we observed a high amount of catharanthine in hairy ...	2011	21590290
a shigella boydii bacteriophage which resembles salmonella phage vii.	abstract: background: lytic bacteriophages have been applied successfully to control the growth of various foodborne pathogens. sequencing of their genomes is considered as an important preliminary step to ensure their safety prior to food applications. results: the lytic bacteriophage, phisbom-ag3, targets the important foodborne pathogen, shigella. it is morphologically similar to phage vii of salmonella enterica serovar typhi and a series of phages of acinetobacter calcoaceticus and rhizobium ...	2011	21595934
sinorhizobium fredii usda257 and s. fredii usda191, cultivar-specific and non-specific symbionts of soybean, produce distinct cell surface appendages.	sinorhizobium fredii usda257 and s. fredii usda191 are fast-growing rhizobia that form nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean roots. in contrast to usda191, usda257 exhibits cultivar specificity and can form nodules only on primitive soybean cultivars. in response to flavonoids released from soybean roots these two rhizobia secrete nodulation outer proteins (nop) to the extracellular milieu through a type iii secretion system. in spite of the fact that nop proteins are known to regulate legume nodul ...	2011	21764962
an acpxl mutant in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolus lacks 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in its lipid a and is developmentally delayed during symbiotic infection of the determinate nodulating host plant phaseolus vulgaris.	rhizobium leguminosarum is a gram negative bacterium that forms nitrogen fixing symbioses with compatible leguminous plants via intracellular invasion and establishes a persistent infection within host membrane derived subcellular compartments. notably, an unusual very long chain fatty acid (vlcfa) is found in the lipid a of r. leguminosarum as well as in the lipid a of the medically relevant pathogens brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, bartonella henselae, and legionellae pneumophila which ...	2011	21764936
agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of coffea arabica (l.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures.	abstract: background: following genome sequencing of crop plants, one of the main challenges today is determining the function of all the predicted genes. when gene validation approaches are used for woody species, the main obstacle is the low recovery rate of transgenic plants from elite or commercial cultivars. embryogenic calli have frequently been the target tissue for transformation, but the difficulty in producing or maintaining embryogenic tissues is one of the main problems encountered i ...	2011	21595964
development of real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of rhizobium leguminosarum and discrimination between different biovars in soil contaminated with zinc.	primers were designed to target 16s rrna and nodd genes of rhizobium leguminosarum from dna extracted from two different soil types contaminated with zn applied in sewage sludge. numbers of rhizobia estimated using 16s rrna gene copy number were in higher abundance than those estimated by both nodd and the most probable number (mpn) enumeration method using a plant trap host. both 16s rrna gene copies and the mpn rhizobia declined with increased levels of zn contamination as did the abundance of ...	2011	21602380
microbial degradation of microcystin in florida's freshwaters.	presence of microcystin (mc), a predominant freshwater algal toxin and a suspected liver carcinogen, in florida's freshwaters poses serious health threat to humans and aquatic species. being recalcitrant to conventional physical and chemical water treatment methods, biological methods of mc removal is widely researched. water samples collected from five sites of lake okeechobee (lo) frequently exposed to toxic microcystis blooms were used as inoculum for enrichment with microcystin lr (mc-lr) su ...	2011	21611743
intragenomic diversity of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii clover nodule isolates.	abstract: background: soil bacteria from the genus rhizobium are characterized by a complex genomic architecture comprising chromosome and large plasmids. genes responsible for symbiotic interactions with legumes are usually located on one of the plasmids, named the symbiotic plasmid (psym). the plasmids have a great impact not only on the metabolic potential of rhizobia but also underlie genome rearrangements and plasticity. results: here, we analyzed the distribution and sequence variability o ...	2011	21619713
legume-nodulating betaproteobacteria: diversity, host range and future prospects.	rhizobia form specialized nodules on the roots of legumes (fabaceae) and fix nitrogen in exchange for carbon from the host plant. although the majority of legumes form symbioses with rhizobium and its relatives in the alphaproteobacteria, some legumes, such as those in the large genus mimosa, are nodulated predominantly by betaproteobacteria in the genera burkholderia and cupriavidus. the principal centers of diversity of these bacteria are in central brazil and south africa. molecular phylogene ...	2011	21830951
repabc-based replication systems of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1 plasmids: incompatibility and evolutionary analyses.	soil bacteria of the genus rhizobium possess complex genomes consisting of a chromosome and in addition, often, multiple extrachromosomal replicons, which are usually equipped with repabc genes that control their replication and partition. the replication regions of four plasmids of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1 (rtta1) were identified and characterized. they all contained a complete set of repabc genes. the structural diversity of the rep regions of rtta1 plasmids was demonstrated fo ...	2011	21620885
diversity of nodule-endophytic agrobacteria-like strains associated with different grain legumes in tunisia.	this study represents the first report describing the genetic diversity of nodule-endophytic agrobacteria isolated from diverse legumes and their phylogenetic relationships with the valid species of agrobacteria, as well as the non-recognized genomospecies of the former agrobacterium tumefaciens (rhizobium radiobacter). the genetic diversity of a collection of 18 non-nodulating agrobacteria-like strains, previously isolated from root nodules of vicia faba, cicer arietinum and phaseolus vulgaris ...	2011	21621936
the conjugative plasmid of a bean-nodulating sinorhizobium fredii strain is assembled from sequences of two rhizobium plasmids and the chromosome of a sinorhizobium strain.	abstract:	2011	21702991
the celc gene, a new phylogenetic marker useful for taxonomic studies in rhizobium.	the celc gene codifies for a cellulase that fulfils a very significant role in the infection process of clover by rhizobium leguminosarum. this gene is located in the celabc operon present in the chromosome of strains representing r. leguminosarum, rhizobium etli and rhizobium radiobacter whose genomes have been completely sequenced. nevertheless, the existence of this gene in other species of the genus rhizobium had not been investigated to date. in this study, the celc gene was analysed for th ...	2011	21621937
competitiveness of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains in mixed inoculation of clover (trifolium pratense).	rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii (rlt) establishes beneficial root nodule symbiosis with clover. twenty rlt strains differentially marked with antibiotic-resistance markers were investigated in terms of their competitiveness and plant growth promotion in mixed inoculation of clover in laboratory experiments. the results showed that the studied strains essentially differed in competition ability. these differences seem not to be dependent on bacterial multiplication in the vicinity of roots, ...	2011	21630573
participation of the cowpea mosaic virus protease in eliciting extreme resistance.	extreme resistance of arlington line cowpea (vigna unguiculata) to cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is under control of a dominant locus designated cpa. we transiently expressed, using tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) vectors and agrobacterium tumefaciens, in nearly isogenic cpa/cpa and cpa/cpa cowpea lines, sequences from rna1, the larger of two cpmv genomic rnas. activation of a cpa-specific response mapped to the cpmv 24k protease (24kpro). mutational analysis of the 24kpro gene implicated protease ...	2011	21640367
mechanism of acid tolerance in a rhizobium strain isolated from pueraria lobata (willd.) ohwi.	the rhizobium sp. strain pr389 was isolated from the root nodules of pueraria lobata (willd.) ohwi, which grows in acidic (ph 4.6) yellow soil of the jinyun mountains of beibei, chongqing, china. while rhizobia generally have a ph range of 6.5-7.5 for optimum growth, strain pr389 grew in a liquid yeast extract - mannitol agar medium at ph 4.6, as well as in a ph 4.1 soil suspension, suggesting acid tolerance in this specific strain of rhizobium . however, at ph 4.6, the lag phase before vigorous ...	2011	21635219
high-level recombinant protein expression in transgenic plants by using a double-inducible viral vector.	we describe here a unique ethanol-inducible process for expression of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants. the process is based on inducible release of viral rna replicons from stably integrated dna proreplicons. a simple treatment with ethanol releases the replicon leading to rna amplification and high-level protein production. to achieve tight control of replicon activation and spread in the uninduced state, the viral vector has been deconstructed, and its two components, the replicon an ...	2011	21825158
rhizobium skierniewicense sp. nov. isolated from tumors on chrysanthemum and prunus in poland.	three gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from galls on chrysanthemum (ch11(t), ch12) and on prunus cerasifera var. divaricata (al 9.3). all three isolates are able to cause crown gall on different plant species. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, the strains belong to the genus rhizobium and their closest relatives are rhizobium rubi (99.6%), rhizobium radiobacter (98.7%) and rhizobium larrymoorei (98.1%). phylogenetic analysis of the novel strain ...	2011	21642489
[establishment of induction and culture system for hairy roots of psammosilene tunicoides].	to establish a culture system for psammosilene tunicoides hairy roots, and provide technological aid for the large-scale production of p. tunicoides material.	2011	21657068
negotiation, sanctions, and context dependency in the legume-rhizobium mutualism.	two important questions about mutualisms are how the fitness costs and benefits to the mutualist partners are determined and how these mechanisms affect the evolutionary dynamics of the mutualism. we tackle these questions with a model of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis that regards the mutualism outcome as a result of biochemical negotiations between the plant and its nodules. we explore the fitness consequences of this mechanism to the plant and rhizobia and obtain four main results. first, neg ...	2011	21670573
molecular adaptation in flowering and symbiotic recognition pathways: insights from patterns of polymorphism in the legume medicago truncatula.	abstract: background: we studied patterns of molecular adaptation in the wild mediterranean legume medicago truncatula. we focused on two phenotypic traits that are not functionally linked: flowering time and perception of symbiotic microbes. phenology is an important fitness component, especially for annual plants, and many instances of molecular adaptation have been reported for genes involved in flowering pathways. while perception of symbiotic microbes is also integral to adaptation in many ...	2011	21806823
priming by rhizobacterium protects tomato plants from biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogen infections through multiple defense mechanisms.	a selected strain of rhizobacterium, pseudomonas putida strain lsw17s (lsw17s), protects tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum l. cv. seokwang) from bacterial speck by biotrophic pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 (dc3000) and bacterial wilt by necrotrophic ralstonia solanacearum kacc 10703 (rs10703). to investigate defense mechanisms induced by lsw17s in tomato plants, transcription patterns of pathogenesis-related (pr) genes and h(2)o(2) production were analyzed in plants treated w ...	2011	21710203
systems biology of bacterial nitrogen fixation: high-throughput technology and its integrative description with constraint-based modeling.	abstract: background: bacterial nitrogen fixation is the biological process by which atmospheric nitrogen is uptaken by bacteroids located in plant root nodules and converted into ammonium through the enzymatic activity of nitrogenase. in practice, this biological process serves as a natural form of fertilization and its optimization has significant implications in sustainable agricultural programs. currently, the advent of high-throughput technology supplies with valuable data that contribute t ...	2011	21801415
expression and localization of a rhizobium-derived cambialistic superoxide dismutase in pea (pisum sativum) nodules subjected to oxidative stress.	two phylogenetically unrelated superoxide dismutase (sod) families i.e. cuznsods and fe/mn/cambialistic sods, eliminate superoxide radicals in different locations within the plant cell. cuznsods are located within the cytosol and plastids, whilst the second family of sods, which are considered to be of bacterial origin, are usually located within organelles, such as mitochondria. we have used the ros-producer methylviologen (mv) to study sod isozymes in the indeterminate nodules on pea (pisum sa ...	2011	21774575
transgenic sugar beet tolerant to imidazolinone obtained by agrobacterium-mediated transformation.	sugar beet is highly sensitive to imidazolinone herbicides thus rotational restrictions exist. in order to develop imidazolinone tolerant sugar beets als gene from arabidopsis thaliana encoding acetolactate synthase with s653n mutation was used for genetic transformation. transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained by agrobacterium-mediated transformation of aseptic seedlings using vacuum-infiltration. the efficiency of genetic transformation was 5.8%. rt-pcr analysis of obtained plants revealed ...	2011	21774399
inducing salt tolerance in mung bean through coinoculation with rhizobia and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase.	twenty-five strains of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase and 10 strains of rhizobia were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples and nodules of mung bean. they were screened in separate trials under salt-stressed axenic conditions. the three most effective strains of pgpr (mk1, pseudomonas syringae ; mk20, pseudomonas fluorescens ; and mk25, pseudomonas fluorescens biotype g) and rhizobium phaseoli strains m1, m6, and m9 were ...	2011	21770816
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf base derived callus tissues of popular indica rice (oryza sativa l. sub sp. indica cv. adt 43).	a simple and efficient protocol for the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of an agronomically useful abiotic sensitive popular indica rice cv. adt 43 has been developed. initiation of calli were best achieved from the leaf bases of 4 days old rice seedlings on ls medium supplemented with 2.5mg/l 2,4-d and 1.0mg/l thiamine-hcl. rice calli immersed in agrobacterium suspension (strain eha 105, od(600)=0.8) were co-cultured on ls30-aspc medium for 2 days at 25±2°c in the dark. based on gus expre ...	2011	21763536
modulation of rosr expression and exopolysaccharide production in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii by phosphate and clover root exudates.	the acidic exopolysaccharide (eps) secreted in large amounts by the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is required for the establishment of an effective symbiosis with the host plant trifolium spp. eps biosynthesis in rhizobia is a very complex process regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and influenced by various nutritional and environmental conditions. the r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii rosr gene encodes a transcriptional regul ...	2011	21747729
synthesis and evaluation of an n-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis inhibitor.	the structural rationale, synthesis and evaluation of an inhibitor designed to block glucosamine synthesis by competitively inhibiting the action of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase and subsequently reducing the transformation of any glucosamine-6-phosphate formed to udp-n-acetylglucosamine are described. the inhibitor 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-6-sulfo-d-glucose (d-glucosamine-6-sulfonate) is an analog of glucosamine-6-phosphate in which the phosphate group in the latter is replace ...	2011	21843880
diversity analysis of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze).	the diversity elucidation by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis and 16s rdna sequencing of 96 associative diazotrophs, isolated from the feeder roots of tea on enriched nitrogen-free semisolid media, revealed the predominance of gram-positive over gram-negative bacteria within the kangra valley in himachal pradesh, india. the gram-positive bacteria observed belong to two taxonomic groupings; firmicutes, including the genera bacillus and paenibacillus; and actinobacteria, represented by ...	2011	21715960
reclassification of rhizobium tropici type a strains as rhizobium leucaenae sp. nov.	rhizobium tropici is a well-studied legume symbiont characterized by high genetic stability of the symbiotic plasmid and tolerance to tropical environmental stresses such as high temperature and low soil ph. however, high phenetic and genetic variabilities among r. tropici strains have been largely reported, with two subgroups, designated type a and b, already defined within the species. a polyphasic study comprising multilocus sequence analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, inclu ...	2011	21742822
evidence of an american origin for symbiosis-related genes in rhizobium lusitanum.	randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was used to investigate the diversity of 179 bean isolates recovered from six field sites in the arcos de valdevez region of northwestern portugal. the isolates were divided into 6 groups based on the fingerprint patterns that were obtained. representatives for each group were selected for sequence analysis of 4 chromosomal dna regions. five of the groups were placed within rhizobium lusitanum, and the other group was placed within r. tropici ty ...	2011	21705533
[comparison of the adaptive potential for rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae nodule bacterial populations isolated in natural ecosystems and agrocenoses].	polymorphism analysis was performed in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae populations isolated from geographically distant regions of ukraine and middle asia. examination of cultural, biochemical, and symbiotic traits revealed interpopulation differences, which were attributed to the difference in conditions between natural ecosystems and agrocenoses. vetch has high species diversity and is not cultivated in middle asia, and the corresponding rhizobial population displayed higher genetic diversi ...	2011	21675237
medicago truncatula ipd3 is a member of the common symbiotic signaling pathway required for rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses.	legumes form endosymbiotic associations with nitrogen fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi which facilitate nutrient uptake. both symbiotic interactions require a molecular signal exchange between the plant and the symbiont and this involves a conserved symbiosis (sym) signaling pathway. in order to identify plant genes required for intracellular accommodation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and am fungi, we characterized medicago truncatula symbiotic mutants defective for rhizobial ...	2011	21692638
the yopj superfamily in plant-associated bacteria.	bacterial pathogens employ the type iii secretion system to secrete and translocate effector proteins into their hosts. the primary function of these effector proteins is believed to be the suppression of host defence responses or innate immunity. however, some effector proteins may be recognized by the host and consequently trigger a targeted immune response. the yopj/hopz/avrrxv family of bacterial effector proteins is a widely distributed and evolutionarily diverse family, found in both anima ...	2011	21726386
plant growth-promotion (pgp) activities and molecular characterization of rhizobacterial strains isolated from soybean (glycine max l. merril) plants against charcoal rot pathogen, macrophomina phaseolina.	charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus macrophomina phaseolina, leads to significant yield losses of soybean crops. one strategy to control charcoal rot is the use of antagonistic, root-colonizing bacteria. rhizobacteria a(5)f and fpt(7)21 and pseudomonas sp. strain grp(3) were characterized for their plant growth-promotion activities against the pathogen. rhizobacterium fpt(7)21 exhibited higher antagonistic activity against the pathogen on dual plate assay compared to strain a(5)f and grp( ...	2011	21833548
synthesis of microbial signaling molecules and their stereochemistry-activity relationships.	microbial signaling molecules such as autoinducers and microbial hormones play important roles in intercellular communication in microorganisms. information transfer between the individual cells of a microorganism is one of the most important biological events among them. researchers often suffer from extremely low levels of microbial signaling molecule contents, which prevent them from understanding chemistry and biology of intercellular communication in microorganisms. chemical synthesis is a ...	2011	21821958
rhizobial nod factors are required for cortical cell division in the nodule morphogenetic programme of the aeschynomeneae legume arachis.	nod factors are among the best-studied molecules implicated in the signal exchange that leads to legume-rhizobia symbiosis. the role of these molecules in symbiosis development has been primarily studied in legumes invaded through infection threads. in these plants, nod factors generate several responses required for nodulation, including the induction of cortical cell division to form the nodule primordium. arachis hypogaea l. (peanut) exhibits a specific mode of rhizobial infection and nodule ...	2011	21815984
the replication origin of a repabc plasmid.	abstract:	2011	21718544
genome sequence of the curdlan-producing agrobacterium sp. strain atcc 31749.	agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749 is an industrial strain for the commercial production of curdlan, an important exopolysaccharide with food and medical applications. here we report the genome sequence of the curdlan-producing strain atcc 31749. genome sequencing is the first step toward the understanding of regulation of curdlan biosynthesis.	2011	21685288
pseudonodule formation by wild type and symbiotic mutant medicago truncatula in response to auxin transport inhibitors.	rhizobium and allied bacteria form symbiotic nitrogen fixing nodules on legume roots. plant hormones play key roles in nodule formation. we treated medicago truncatula roots with auxin transport inhibitors (atis) n-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid (npa) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba), to induce the formation of pseudonodules. m. truncatula mutants defective for rhizobial nod factor signal transduction still formed pseudonodules in response to atis. however, a m. truncatula ethylene-insensitive ...	2011	21809981
a comparative transcriptome analysis of rhizobium etli bacteroids: specific gene-expression during symbiotic non-growth.	rhizobium etli occurs either in a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with its host plant, phaseolus vulgaris, or free-living in the soil. during both conditions, the bacterium has been suggested to reside primarily in a non-growing state. using genome-wide transcriptome profiles, we here examine the molecular basis of the physiological adaptations of rhizobia to non-growth inside and outside of the host. compared to exponentially growing cells, we found an extensive overlap of downregulated growth-associ ...	2011	21809980
growth temperature and salinity impact fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation in peanut-nodulating rhizobia.	growth and survival of bacteria depend on homeostasis of membrane lipids, and the capacity to adjust lipid composition to adapt to various environmental stresses. membrane fluidity is regulated in part by the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids present in membrane lipids. here, we studied the effects of high growth temperature and salinity (nacl) stress, separately or in combination, on fatty acids composition and de novo synthesis in two peanut-nodulating bradyrhizobium strains (fast- ...	2011	21523564
solution structure of rnase p rna.	the ribonucleoprotein enzyme ribonuclease p (rnase p) processes trnas by cleavage of precursor-trnas. rnase p is a ribozyme: the rna component catalyzes trna maturation in vitro without proteins. remarkable features of rnase p include multiple turnovers in vivo and ability to process diverse substrates. structures of the bacterial rnase p, including full-length rnas and a ternary complex with substrate, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. however, crystal structures of free rna are si ...	2011	21531920
multiple loci are involved in quorum quenching of autoinducer i molecules in the nitrogen-fixing symbiont (sino-) rhizobium sp. ngr234.	rhizobium sp. ngr234 is a unique α-proteobacterium (order - rhizobiales) that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules with more legumes than any other micro-symbiont. since we have previously described the complete genome sequence of ngr234, we now report on a genome wide functional analysis of the genes and enzymes involved in autoinducer i hydrolysis in this microbe. altogether we identified five cosmid clones that repeatedly gave a positive result in our function-based approach for the detection of aut ...	2011	21642401
effects of pseudomonas aureofaciens 63-28 on defense responses in soybean plants infected by rhizoctonia solani.	the objective of this work was to investigate the ability of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium pseudomonas aureofaciens 63-28 to induce plant defense systems, including defense-related enzyme levels and expression of defense-related isoenzymes, and isoflavone production, leading to improved resistance to the phytopathogen rhizoctonia solani ag-4 in soybean seedlings. seven-dayold soybean seedlings were inoculated with p. aureofaciens 63-28, r. solani ag-4, or p. aureofaciens 63-28 plus r ...	2011	21532321
maldi-tof mass spectrometry is a fast and reliable platform for identification and ecological studies of species from family rhizobiaceae.	family rhizobiaceae includes fast growing bacteria currently arranged into three genera, rhizobium, ensifer and shinella, that contain pathogenic, symbiotic and saprophytic species. the identification of these species is not possible on the basis of physiological or biochemical traits and should be based on sequencing of several genes. therefore alternative methods are necessary for rapid and reliable identification of members from family rhizobiaceae. in this work we evaluated the suitability o ...	2011	21655291
changes of curdlan biosynthesis and nitrogenous compounds utilization characterized in ntrc mutant of agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749.	the regulatory function of global regulator ntrc on curdlan biosynthesis and nitrogen consumption under nitrogen-limited condition in agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749 was investigated. the ntrc mutant of agrobacterium sp. was constructed by homologous recombination. the ability to utilize nh(4)cl and kno(3) was impaired in the mutant. other nitrogenous compounds, such as glutamic acid and glutamine, were utilized normally. curdlan production capability was impaired severely in the mutant. curdlan pr ...	2011	21533781
an autoactive mutant of the m flax rust resistance protein has a preference for binding atp, while wild-type m protein has a preference for binding adp.	resistance (r) proteins are key regulators of the plant innate immune system and are capable of pathogen detection and activation of the hypersensitive cell death immune response. to understand the molecular mechanism of r protein activation we undertook a phenotypic and biochemical study of the flax nb-arc-lrr protein, m. using agrobacterium -mediated transient expression in flax cotyledons, site-directed mutations of key residues within the p-loop, kinase-2 and mhd motifs within the nb-arc dom ...	2011	21539434
[evolution of legume-rhizobium symbiosis for an improved ecological efficiency and genotypic specificity of partner interactions].	mathematical simulation of the evolution of polymorphic legume-rhizobium symbiosis showed that co-evolution of the partners for an improved ecological efficiency of symbiosis is greatly stimulated when low-active n2-fixing and non-n2-fixing strains of nodule bacteria are prohibited from colonizing nodules. the results of analysis of the model were collated with the comparative morphology of the infection process in various legumes, and its was assumed that mechanisms controlling bacterial reprod ...	2011	21542310
invasion by invitation: rhizobial infection in legumes.	nodulation of legume roots typically begins with rhizobia attaching to the tip of a growing root-hair cell. the attached rhizobia secrete nod factors (nf), which are perceived by the plant. this initiates a series of preinfection events that include cytoskeletal rearrangements, curling at the root-hair tip, and formation of radially aligned cytoplasmic bridges called preinfection threads (pit) in outer cortical cells. within the root-hair curl, an infection pocket filled with bacteria forms, fro ...	2011	21542766
visualization of resistance responses in phaseolus vulgaris using reporter tagged clones of bean common mosaic virus.	reporter tagged virus clones can provide detailed information on virus-host interactions. in phaseolus vulgaris (bean), four recessive and one dominant gene are known to control infection by strains of the potyvirus species bean common mosaic virus (bcmv). to study the interactions between bcmv and bean genotypes with different resistance gene combinations, an infectious clone of the strain ru1 was tagged with the uida gene encoding β-glucuronidase (gus). the clone was agroinoculated to bean gen ...	2011	21549773
[transformation system of aspergillus japonicus mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens].	in to order to select aspergillus japonicus mutant strains that express high-yield of glycerol oxidase, we constructed a mutant library of aspergillus japonicus that mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens.	2011	21465797
the agrobacterium tumefaciens transcription factor blcr is regulated via oligomerization.	the agrobacterium tumefaciens blcr is a member of the emerging isocitrate lyase transcription regulators that negatively regulates metabolism of ?-butyrolactone, and its repressing function is relieved by succinate semialdehyde (ssa). our crystal structure showed that blcr folded into the dna- and ssa-binding domains and dimerized via the dna-binding domains. mutational analysis identified residues, including phe(147), that are important for ssa association; blcr(f147a) existed as tetramer. two ...	2011	21467043
plant- and microbe-derived compounds affect the expression of genes encoding antifungal compounds in a pseudomonad with biocontrol activity.	we have investigated the impacts of 63 different low-molecular-weight compounds, most of them plant derived, on the in vitro expression of two antifungal biosynthetic genes by the plant-protecting rhizobacterium pseudomonas fluorescens cha0. the majority of the compounds tested affected the expression of one or both antifungal genes. this suggests that biocontrol activity in plant-beneficial pseudomonads is modulated by plant-bacterium signaling.	2011	21357434
the unfolded protein response is triggered by a plant viral movement protein.	infection with potato virus x (pvx) in nicotiana benthamiana plants leads to increased transcript levels of several stress-related host genes, including basic-region leucine zipper 60 (bzip60), skp1, er luminal binding protein (bip), protein disulfide isomerase (pdi), calreticulin (crt), and calmodulin (cam). bzip60 is a key transcription factor that responds to endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and induces the expression of er-resident chaperones (bip, pdi, crt, and cam). skp1 is a component of ...	2011	21474436
an agrobacterium virb10 mutation conferring a type iv secretion system gating defect.	agrobacterium virb7, virb9, and virb10 form a "core complex" during biogenesis of the virb/vird4 type iv secretion system (t4ss). virb10 spans the cell envelope and, in response to sensing of atp energy consumption by the virb/d4 atpases, undergoes a conformational change required for dna transfer across the outer membrane (om). here, we tested a model in which virb10 regulates substrate passage by screening for mutations that allow for unregulated release of the vire2 secretion substrate to the ...	2011	21421757
quantitative analysis of dynamic protein-protein interactions in planta with a floated-leaf luciferase complementation imaging assay (fluci assay) using binary gateway-vectors.	dynamic protein-protein interactions are essential in all cellular and developmental processes. a range of protein-fragment complementation assays (pcas) allow investigating such protein-protein interactions in vivo. in contrast to other pcas, the split-luciferase (split-luc) complementation approach facilitates the dynamic and quantitative in vivo analysis of protein interactions since the reconstitution of luciferase activity upon protein-protein interaction of investigated proteins is reversi ...	2011	21481030
rhizobium taibaishanense sp. nov., a novel species isolated from root nodule of kummerowia striata in china.	during a study of the diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of kummerowia striata grown in the northwest of china, four strains were classified in the genus rhizobium on the basis of their 16s rrna gene sequences. these strains have identical 16s rrna genes, except for the one isolated from yangling with one base-pair different from the other. their sequences showed a mean similarity of 99.3% with the most closely related species, rhizobium vitis. analysis of reca and gl ...	2011	21421926