Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| aglb, catalyzing the oligosaccharyl transferase step of the archaeal n-glycosylation process, is essential in the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon sulfolobus acidocaldarius. | sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a thermo-acidophilic crenarchaeon which grows optimally at 76 °c and ph 3, exhibits an astonishing high number of n-glycans linked to the surface (s-) layer proteins. the s-layer proteins as well as other surface-exposed proteins are modified via n-glycosylation, in which the oligosaccharyl transferase aglb catalyzes the final step of the transfer of the glycan tree to the nascent protein. in this study, we demonstrated that aglb is essential for the viability of s. ac ... | 2014 | 24916761 |
| diversity within the o-linked protein glycosylation systems of acinetobacter species. | the opportunistic human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii is a concern to health care systems worldwide because of its persistence in clinical settings and the growing frequency of multiple drug resistant infections. to combat this threat, it is necessary to understand factors associated with disease and environmental persistence of a. baumannii. recently, it was shown that a single biosynthetic pathway was responsible for the generation of capsule polysaccharide and o-linked protein glycosylatio ... | 2014 | 24917611 |
| the role of serine protease htra in acute ulcerative enterocolitis and extra-intestinal immune responses during campylobacter jejuni infection of gnotobiotic il-10 deficient mice. | campylobacter jejuni infections have a high prevalence worldwide and represent a significant socioeconomic burden. c. jejuni can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier as visualized in biopsies derived from human patients and animal models, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and associated immunopathology are still not well understood. we have recently shown that the secreted serine protease htra (high temperature requirement a) plays a key role in c. jejuni cellular invasion and tran ... | 2014 | 24959425 |
| zinc protects against shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli by acting on host tissues as well as on bacteria. | zinc supplements can treat or prevent enteric infections and diarrheal disease. many articles on zinc in bacteria, however, highlight the essential nature of this metal for bacterial growth and virulence, suggesting that zinc should make infections worse, not better. to address this paradox, we tested whether zinc might have protective effects on intestinal epithelium as well as on the pathogen. | 2014 | 24903402 |
| the role of intracellular organisms in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. | inflammatory arthritis is a condition which is characterised by recurrent episodes of joint pain and swelling. it encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to ankylosing spondylitis. in these conditions, for reasons that are poorly understood, the immune system raises an inflammatory response within the joint space. in some cases, autoantigens have been identified (e.g., anticitrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis), but the absence of these, in the seronegative ... | 2014 | 24995143 |
| cocrystal structures of glycyl-trna synthetase in complex with trna suggest multiple conformational states in glycylation. | aminoacyl-trna synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges trna molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. glycyl-trna synthetase (glyrs) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-trna synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. in the past decade, mutations of human glyrs (hglyrs) were also found to be associated with charcot-marie-tooth disease. however, the mechanisms of traditional and alternative functions of hg ... | 2014 | 24898252 |
| the interplay between campylobacter and helicobacter species and other gastrointestinal microbiota of commercial broiler chickens. | poultry represent an important source of foodborne enteropathogens, in particular thermophilic campylobacter species. many of these organisms colonize the intestinal tract of broiler chickens as harmless commensals, and therefore, often remain undetected prior to slaughter. the exact reasons for the lack of clinical disease are unknown, but analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiota of broiler chickens may improve our understanding of the microbial interactions with the host. | 2014 | 24940386 |
| the importance of proteins of the rnase ii/rnb-family in pathogenic bacteria. | 2014 | 24918089 | |
| the focal complex of epithelial cells provides a signalling platform for interleukin-8 induction in response to bacterial pathogens. | bacterial pathogens can induce an inflammatory response from epithelial tissues due to secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8). many bacterial pathogens manipulate components of the focal complex (fc) to induce signalling events in host cells. we examined the interaction of several bacterial pathogens with host cells, including campylobacter jejuni, to determine if the fc is required for induction of chemokine signalling in response to bacterial pathogens. our data indic ... | 2014 | 24779413 |
| siglec-5 and siglec-14 are polymorphic paired receptors that modulate neutrophil and amnion signaling responses to group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes invasive infections in human newborns. we recently showed that the gbs β-protein attenuates innate immune responses by binding to sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 5 (siglec-5), an inhibitory receptor on phagocytes. interestingly, neutrophils and monocytes also express siglec-14, which has a ligand-binding domain almost identical to siglec-5 but signals via an activating motif, raising the possibility that these are paired siglec receptors that bal ... | 2014 | 24799499 |
| the interaction of human enteric pathogens with plants. | there are an increasing number of outbreaks of human pathogens related to fresh produce. thus, the growth of human pathogens on plants should be explored. human pathogens can survive under the harsh environments in plants, and can adhere and actively invade plants. plant-associated microbiota or insects contribute to the survival and transmission of enteric pathogens in plants. human enteric pathogens also trigger plant innate immunity, but some pathogens-such as salmonella-can overcome this def ... | 2014 | 25288993 |
| high-throughput sequencing for the study of bacterial pathogen biology. | a revolution in sequencing technologies in recent years has led to dramatically increased throughput and reduced cost of bacterial genome sequencing. an increasing number of applications of the new technologies are providing broad insights into bacterial evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. for example, the capacity to sequence large numbers of bacterial isolates is enabling high resolution phylogenetic analyses of bacterial populations leading to greatly enhanced understanding of the emer ... | 2014 | 25033019 |
| crystallographic and glycan microarray analysis of human polyomavirus 9 vp1 identifies n-glycolyl neuraminic acid as a receptor candidate. | human polyomavirus 9 (hpyv9) is a closely related homologue of simian b-lymphotropic polyomavirus (lpyv). in order to define the architecture and receptor binding properties of hpyv9, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of its major capsid protein, vp1, in complex with three putative oligosaccharide receptors identified by glycan microarray screening. comparison of the properties of hpyv9 vp1 with the known structure and glycan-binding properties of lpyv vp1 revealed that both viruses e ... | 2014 | 24648448 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of hpi1, a selective antimicrobial against helicobacter pylori. | a high-throughput screen (hts) was performed to identify molecules specifically active against helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. currently, treatment of h. pylori infection is suboptimal, with failure rates approaching 25%, despite triple therapy with two broad-spectrum antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor or quadruple therapy with added bismuth. the hts was performed in 384-well plates, and reduction of the metabolic indicator resazurin was used ... | 2014 | 24687512 |
| n-linked glycosylation in archaea: a structural, functional, and genetic analysis. | n-glycosylation of proteins is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications in nature. accordingly, a pathway with shared commonalities is found in all three domains of life. while excellent model systems have been developed for studying n-glycosylation in both eukarya and bacteria, an understanding of this process in archaea was hampered until recently by a lack of effective molecular tools. however, within the last decade, impressive advances in the study of the archaeal version o ... | 2014 | 24847024 |
| development and evaluation of a novel multicopy-element-targeting triplex pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces. | the enteropathy called paratuberculosis (ptb), which mainly affects ruminants and has a worldwide distribution, is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this disease significantly reduces the cost-effectiveness of ruminant farms, and therefore, reliable and rapid detection methods are needed to control the spread of the bacterium in livestock and in the environment. the aim of this study was to identify a specific and sensitive combination of dna extraction and amplification to ... | 2014 | 24727272 |
| identification of possible virulence marker from campylobacter jejuni isolates. | a novel protein translocation system, the type-6 secretion system (t6ss), may play a role in virulence of campylobacter jejuni. we investigated 181 c. jejuni isolates from humans, chickens, and environmental sources in vietnam, thailand, pakistan, and the united kingdom for t6ss. the marker was most prevalent in human and chicken isolates from vietnam. | 2014 | 24856088 |
| phenotypic screening of a targeted mutant library reveals campylobacter jejuni defenses against oxidative stress. | during host colonization, campylobacter jejuni is exposed to harmful reactive oxygen species (ros) produced from the host immune system and from the gut microbiota. consequently, identification and characterization of oxidative stress defenses are important for understanding how c. jejuni survives ros stress during colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. previous transcriptomic studies have defined the genes belonging to oxidant stimulons within c. jejuni. we have constructed isogenic deleti ... | 2014 | 24643543 |
| a negative effect of campylobacter capsule on bacterial interaction with an analogue of a host cell receptor. | campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is the leading causative agent of bacterial gastrointestinal infections. the rise of antibiotic resistant forms of this pathogen necessitates the development of novel intervention strategies. one approach is the design of drugs preventing bacterial attachment to host cells. although some putative c. jejuni adhesins have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of their interaction with host cells and their role in pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. c. jejuni ... | 2014 | 24885441 |
| nitropropenyl benzodioxole, an anti-infective agent with action as a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. | we report on the activities of a broad spectrum antimicrobial compound,nitropropenyl benzodioxole (npbd) which are of relevance to its potential as an anti-infective drug. these investigations support the proposal that a major mechanism of npbd is action as a tyrosine mimetic, competitively inhibiting bacterial and fungal protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptp). npbd did not affect major anti-bacterial drug targets, namely, atp production, cell wall or cell membrane integrity, or transcription and t ... | 2014 | 24976873 |
| epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of salmonellosis in gyeongju, korea. | a salmonellosis outbreak occurred within a community of gyeongju residents who ingested catered food from a wedding in june 2009. we aimed to epidemiologically investigate the probable vehicle of the infection. | 2014 | 24921021 |
| breast milk and group b streptococcal infection: vector of transmission or vehicle for protection? | invasive group-b streptococcal (gbs) disease is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. gbs colonises the maternal rectum and vagina and transmission of bacteria from a colonized mother to her infant at birth is an important risk factor for gbs disease. gbs disease has also been associated with case reports of transmission via infected breast milk raising questions about mode of acquisition and transmission of this enteric pathogen and the development of neonatal disease. ho ... | 2014 | 24736004 |
| heme utilization by pathogenic bacteria: not all pathways lead to biliverdin. | the eukaryotic heme oxygenases (hos) (e.c. 1.14.99.3) convert heme to biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (co) in three successive oxygenation steps. pathogenic bacteria require iron for survival and infection. extracellular heme uptake from the host plays a critical role in iron acquisition and virulence. in the past decade, several hos required for the release of iron from extracellular heme have been identified in pathogenic bacteria, including corynebacterium diphtheriae, neisseriae mening ... | 2014 | 24873177 |
| bacterial infection after liver transplantation. | infectious complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation, despite recent advances in the transplant field. bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites can cause infection before and after transplantation. among them, bacterial infections are predominant during the first two months post-transplantation and affect patient and graft survival. they might cause surgical site infections, including deep intra-abdominal infections, bacteremia, pneumonia, catheter-relat ... | 2014 | 24876741 |
| the impact of serine protease htra in apoptosis, intestinal immune responses and extra-intestinal histopathology during campylobacter jejuni infection of infant mice. | campylobacter jejuni has emerged as a leading cause of bacterial enterocolitis. the serine protease htra has been shown to be a pivotal, novel c. jejuni virulence factor involved in cell invasion and transmigration across polarised epithelial cells in vitro. however, the functional relevance of the htra gene for the interaction of c. jejuni with the host immune system in the infant mouse infection model has not been investigated so far. | 2014 | 24883112 |
| antibacterial activities of bacteriocins: application in foods and pharmaceuticals. | bacteriocins are a kind of ribosomal synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, which can kill or inhibit bacterial strains closely-related or non-related to produced bacteria, but will not harm the bacteria themselves by specific immunity proteins. bacteriocins become one of the weapons against microorganisms due to the specific characteristics of large diversity of structure and function, natural resource, and being stable to heat. many recent studies have purified and identified ... | 2014 | 24904554 |
| temporal variations in the abundance and composition of biofilm communities colonizing drinking water distribution pipes. | pipes that transport drinking water through municipal drinking water distribution systems (dwds) are challenging habitats for microorganisms. distribution networks are dark, oligotrophic and contain disinfectants; yet microbes frequently form biofilms attached to interior surfaces of dwds pipes. relatively little is known about the species composition and ecology of these biofilms due to challenges associated with sample acquisition from actual dwds. we report the analysis of biofilms from five ... | 2014 | 24858562 |
| synthetic disialyl hexasaccharides protect neonatal rats from necrotizing enterocolitis. | two novel synthetic α2-6-linked disialyl hexasaccharides, disialyllacto-n-neotetraose (dslnnt) and α2-6-linked disialyllacto-n-tetraose (ds'lnt), were readily obtained by highly efficient one-pot multienzyme (opme) reactions. the sequential opme systems described herein allowed the use of an inexpensive disaccharide and simple monosaccharides to synthesize the desired complex oligosaccharides with high efficiency and selectivity. dslnnt and ds'lnt were shown to protect neonatal rats from necroti ... | 2014 | 24848971 |
| identification of the flagellin glycosylation system in burkholderia cenocepacia and the contribution of glycosylated flagellin to evasion of human innate immune responses. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen threatening patients with cystic fibrosis. flagella are required for biofilm formation, as well as adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells. recognition of flagellin via the toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) contributes to exacerbate b. cenocepacia-induced lung epithelial inflammatory responses. in this study, we report that b. cenocepacia flagellin is glycosylated on at least 10 different sites with a single sugar, 4,6-dideoxy-4-(3-hydroxybuta ... | 2014 | 24841205 |
| campylobacter jejuni in commercial eggs. | this study evaluated the ability of campylobacter jejuni to penetrate through the pores of the shells of commercial eggs and colonize the interior of these eggs, which may become a risk factor for human infection. furthermore, this study assessed the survival and viability of the bacteria in commercial eggs. the eggs were placed in contact with wood shavings infected with c. jejuni to check the passage of the bacteria. in parallel, the bacteria were inoculated directly into the air chamber to as ... | 2014 | 24948916 |
| characterization of the virulence, growth temperature and antibiotic resistance of the campylobacter jejuni ial 2383 strain isolated from humans. | the objective of this study was to characterize the c. jejuni ial2383 strain isolated from humans in brazil. transcripts for the racr, dnaj and ciab genes were found and flaa, plda and cadf genes were present in the genome and bacteria was sensitive to most of the important antimicrobials used to treat humans. c. jejuni ial2383 is a good experimental model to analyze the interactions with cells. | 2014 | 24948944 |
| the flagellin flic of clostridium difficile is responsible for pleiotropic gene regulation during in vivo infection. | clostridium difficile is the main agent responsible for hospital acquired antibiotic associated diarrhoea. in recent years, epidemic strains have emerged causing more severe infections. whilst c. difficile has two major virulence factors, toxins tcda and tcdb, it is generally accepted that other virulence components of the bacterium contribute to disease. previously, it has been suggested that flagella expression from pathogenic bacteria might be implicated in virulence. in a recent study, we ob ... | 2014 | 24841151 |
| in vitro synergistic effect of curcumin in combination with third generation cephalosporins against bacteria associated with infectious diarrhea. | diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans in developed and developing countries. furthermore, increased resistance to antibiotics has resulted in serious challenges in the treatment of this infectious disease worldwide. therefore, there exists a need to develop alternative natural or combination drug therapies. the aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effect of curcumin-1 in combination with three antibiotics against five diarrhea causing b ... | 2014 | 24949457 |
| go2msig, an automated go based multi-species gene set generator for gene set enrichment analysis. | despite the widespread use of high throughput expression platforms and the availability of a desktop implementation of gene set enrichment analysis (gsea) that enables non-experts to perform gene set based analyses, the availability of the necessary precompiled gene sets is rare for species other than human. | 2014 | 24884810 |
| the effects of gut microbiota on cns function in humans. | the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in human brain development and function is an area of increasing interest and research. preclinical models suggest a role for the microbiota in broad aspects of human health, including mood, cognition, and chronic pain. early human studies suggest that altering the microbiota with beneficial bacteria, or probiotics, can lead to changes in brain function, as well as subjective reports of mood. as the mechanisms of bidirectional communication between the ... | 2014 | 24838095 |
| breast milk oligosaccharides: structure-function relationships in the neonate. | in addition to providing complete postnatal nutrition, breast milk is a complex biofluid that delivers bioactive components for the growth and development of the intestinal and immune systems. lactation is a unique opportunity to understand the role of diet in shaping the intestinal environment including the infant microbiome. of considerable interest is the diversity and abundance of milk glycans that are energetically costly for the mammary gland to produce yet indigestible by infants. milk gl ... | 2014 | 24850388 |
| clinical study of acute childhood diarrhoea caused by bacterial enteropathogens. | there are not a large number of studies in india which can enlighten us regarding acute childhood diarrhoea and far lesser in number when it comes to its bacterial enteropathogenesis. the present study is specially targeted to determine the prevalence of various bacterial enteropathogens causing acute childhood diarrhoea and to find out their respective pattern of clinical features. | 2014 | 24995223 |
| the bactericidal effect of dendritic copper microparticles, contained in an alginate matrix, on escherichia coli. | although the bactericidal effect of copper has been known for centuries, there is a current resurgence of interest in the use of this element as an antimicrobial agent. during this study the use of dendritic copper microparticles embedded in an alginate matrix as a rapid method for the deactivation of escherichia coli atcc 11775 was investigated. the copper/alginate produced a decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration from free copper powder dispersed in the media from 0.25 to 0.065 mg/ml ... | 2014 | 24831035 |
| united states national sewage sludge repository at arizona state university--a new resource and research tool for environmental scientists, engineers, and epidemiologists. | processed municipal sewage sludges (mss) are an abundant, unwanted by-product of wastewater treatment, increasingly applied to agriculture and forestry for inexpensive disposal and soil conditioning. due to their high organic carbon and lipid contents, mss not only is rich in carbon and nutrients but also represents a "sink" for recalcitrant, hydrophobic, and potentially bioaccumulative compounds. indeed, many organics sequestered and concentrated in mss meet the us environmental protection agen ... | 2014 | 24824503 |
| united states national sewage sludge repository at arizona state university--a new resource and research tool for environmental scientists, engineers, and epidemiologists. | processed municipal sewage sludges (mss) are an abundant, unwanted by-product of wastewater treatment, increasingly applied to agriculture and forestry for inexpensive disposal and soil conditioning. due to their high organic carbon and lipid contents, mss not only is rich in carbon and nutrients but also represents a "sink" for recalcitrant, hydrophobic, and potentially bioaccumulative compounds. indeed, many organics sequestered and concentrated in mss meet the us environmental protection agen ... | 2014 | 24824503 |
| vacuoles of candida yeast as a specialized niche for helicobacter pylori. | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) are resistant to hostile gastric environments and antibiotic therapy, reflecting the possibility that they are protected by an ecological niche, such as inside the vacuoles of human epithelial and immune cells. candida yeast may also provide such an alternative niche, as fluorescently labeled h. pylori were observed as fast-moving and viable bacterium-like bodies inside the vacuoles of gastric, oral, vaginal and foodborne candida yeasts. in addition, h. pylori-spe ... | 2014 | 24833856 |
| brain-gut axis in the pathogenesis of helicobacter pylori infection. | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases. in addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects, h. pylori infection may also induce abnormalities indirectly by affecting the brain-gut axis, similar to other microorganisms present in the alimentary tract. the brain-gut axis integrates the central, peripheral, enteric and autonomic nervous systems, as well as the endocrine and immunological systems, with gastrointesti ... | 2014 | 24833851 |
| pseudaminic acid on campylobacter jejuni flagella modulates dendritic cell il-10 expression via siglec-10 receptor: a novel flagellin-host interaction. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. at present the identity of host-pathogen interactions that promote successful bacterial colonisation remain ill defined. herein, we aimed to investigate c. jejuni-mediated effects on dendritic cell (dc) immunity. | 2014 | 24823621 |
| bacteria-instructed synthesis of polymers for self-selective microbial binding and labelling. | the detection and inactivation of pathogenic strains of bacteria continues to be an important therapeutic goal. hence, there is a need for materials that can bind selectively to specific microorganisms for diagnostic or anti-infective applications, but that can be formed from simple and inexpensive building blocks. here, we exploit bacterial redox systems to induce a copper-mediated radical polymerization of synthetic monomers at cell surfaces, generating polymers in situ that bind strongly to t ... | 2014 | 24813421 |
| glycans in pathogenic bacteria--potential for targeted covalent therapeutics and imaging agents. | a substantial obstacle to the existing treatment of bacterial diseases is the lack of specific probes that can be used to diagnose and treat pathogenic bacteria in a selective manner while leaving the microbiome largely intact. to tackle this problem, there is an urgent need to develop pathogen-specific therapeutics and diagnostics. here, we describe recent evidence that indicates distinctive glycans found exclusively on pathogenic bacteria could form the basis of targeted therapeutic and diagno ... | 2014 | 24647371 |
| risk of guillain-barré syndrome following pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 vaccination in germany. | a prospective, epidemiologic study was conducted to assess whether the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) vaccination in germany almost exclusively using an as03-adjuvanted vaccine (pandemrix) impacts the risk of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and its variant fisher syndrome (fs). | 2014 | 24817531 |
| campylobacter jejuni gene cj0511 encodes a serine peptidase essential for colonisation. | according to merops peptidase database, campylobacter species encode 64 predicted peptidases. however, proteolytic properties of only a few of these proteins have been confirmed experimentally. in this study we identified and characterised a campylobacter jejuni gene cj0511 encoding a novel peptidase. the proteolytic activity associated with this enzyme was demonstrated in cell lysates. moreover, enzymatic studies conducted with a purified protein confirmed a prediction of it being a serine pept ... | 2014 | 24918062 |
| bacterial factors exploit eukaryotic rho gtpase signaling cascades to promote invasion and proliferation within their host. | actin cytoskeleton is a main target of many bacterial pathogens. among the multiple regulation steps of the actin cytoskeleton, bacterial factors interact preferentially with rhogtpases. pathogens secrete either toxins which diffuse in the surrounding environment, or directly inject virulence factors into target cells. bacterial toxins, which interfere with rhogtpases, and to some extent with rasgtpases, catalyze a covalent modification (adpribosylation, glucosylation, deamidation, adenylation, ... | 2014 | 25203748 |
| fitness is strongly influenced by rare mutations of large effect in a microbial mutation accumulation experiment. | our understanding of the evolutionary consequences of mutation relies heavily on estimates of the rate and fitness effect of spontaneous mutations generated by mutation accumulation (ma) experiments. we performed a classic ma experiment in which frequent sampling of ma lines was combined with whole genome resequencing to develop a high-resolution picture of the effect of spontaneous mutations in a hypermutator (δmuts) strain of the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa. after ∼644 generations of muta ... | 2014 | 24814466 |
| a network-based approach to identify substrate classes of bacterial glycosyltransferases. | bacterial interactions with the environment- and/or host largely depend on the bacterial glycome. the specificities of a bacterial glycome are largely determined by glycosyltransferases (gts), the enzymes involved in transferring sugar moieties from an activated donor to a specific substrate. of these gts their coding regions, but mainly also their substrate specificity are still largely unannotated as most sequence-based annotation flows suffer from the lack of characterized sequence motifs tha ... | 2014 | 24885406 |
| novel high-molecular weight fucosylated milk oligosaccharides identified in dairy streams. | oligosaccharides are the third largest component in human milk. this abundance is remarkable because oligosaccharides are not digestible by the newborn, and yet they have been conserved and amplified during evolution. in addition to encouraging the growth of a protective microbiota dominated by bifidobacteria, oligosaccharides have anti-infective activity, preventing pathogens from binding to intestinal cells. although it would be advantageous adding these valuable molecules to infant milk formu ... | 2014 | 24810963 |
| contamination of groundwater systems in the us and canada by enteric pathogens, 1990-2013: a review and pooled-analysis. | up to 150 million north americans currently use a groundwater system as their principal drinking water source. these systems are a potential source of exposure to enteric pathogens, contributing to the burden of waterborne disease. waterborne disease outbreaks have been associated with us and canadian groundwater systems over the past two decades. however, to date, this literature has not been reviewed in a comprehensive manner. | 2014 | 24806545 |
| chronic bickerstaff's encephalitis with cognitive impairment, a reality? | bickerstaff's encephalitis (be) is an acute post-infectious demyelinating disease with albuminocytological dissociation. a chronic form has rarely been described previously. | 2014 | 24885623 |
| identification of the main venom protein components of aphidius ervi, a parasitoid wasp of the aphid model acyrthosiphon pisum. | endoparasitoid wasps are important natural enemies of the widely distributed aphid pests and are mainly used as biological control agents. however, despite the increased interest on aphid interaction networks, only sparse information is available on the factors used by parasitoids to modulate the aphid physiology. our aim was here to identify the major protein components of the venom injected at oviposition by aphidius ervi to ensure successful development in its aphid host, acyrthosiphon pisum. | 2014 | 24884493 |
| learning from myocarditis: mimicry, chaos and black holes. | autoimmune myocarditis and its sequel, dilated cardiomyopathy, are major causes of heart failure, especially in children and young adults. we have developed animal models to investigate their pathogenesis by infecting genetically susceptible mice with coxsackievirus b3 or by immunizing them with cardiac myosin or its immunodominant peptide. a number of valuable lessons have emerged from our study of this paradigm of an infection-induced autoimmune disease. we understand more clearly how natural ... | 2014 | 24904749 |
| o-glycosylation of the n-terminal region of the serine-rich adhesin srr1 of streptococcus agalactiae explored by mass spectrometry. | serine-rich (srr) proteins exposed at the surface of gram-positive bacteria are a family of adhesins that contribute to the virulence of pathogenic staphylococci and streptococci. lectin-binding experiments have previously shown that srr proteins are heavily glycosylated. we report here the first mass-spectrometry analysis of the glycosylation of streptococcus agalactiae srr1. after srr1 enrichment and trypsin digestion, potential glycopeptides were identified in collision induced dissociation s ... | 2014 | 24797265 |
| microorganisms with claimed probiotic properties: an overview of recent literature. | probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. health benefits have mainly been demonstrated for specific probiotic strains of the following genera: lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, saccharomyces, enterococcus, streptococcus, pediococcus, leuconostoc, bacillus, escherichia coli. the human microbiota is getting a lot of attention today and research has already demonstrated that alteration of this microbiota may have ... | 2014 | 24859749 |
| mass spectrometry-based n-glycoproteomics for cancer biomarker discovery. | glycosylation is estimated to be found in over 50% of human proteins. aberrant protein glycosylation and alteration of glycans are closely related to many diseases. more than half of the cancer biomarkers are glycosylated-proteins, and specific glycoforms of glycosylated-proteins may serve as biomarkers for either the early detection of disease or the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy for treatment of diseases. glycoproteomics, therefore, becomes an emerging field that can make unique contribut ... | 2014 | 24872809 |
| role of macrophage sialoadhesin in host defense against the sialylated pathogen group b streptococcus. | several bacterial pathogens decorate their surfaces with sialic acid (sia) residues within cell wall components or capsular exopolysaccharides. sialic acid expression can promote bacterial virulence by blocking complement activation or by engagement of inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) on host leukocytes. expressed at high levels on splenic and lymph node macrophages, sialoadhesin (sn) is a unique siglec with an elongated structure that lacks intracellular sign ... | 2014 | 24788876 |
| acute hepatitis e in the us today occurs in diverse patient populations: case reports. | hepatitis e has long been thought of as an infection confined to the developing world. however, there has been an increased incidence of locally acquired cases in developed countries especially in transplant patients. our first case is a 56-year-old caucasian female post-heart transplant patient who presented with diarrhea and abdominal pain. she was found to be acutely infected with hepatitis e and progressed to stage 3 liver fibrosis. our second patient was an otherwise healthy 76-year-old vie ... | 2014 | 27785273 |
| dna methylation. | the dna of escherichia coli contains 19,120 6-methyladenines and 12,045 5-methylcytosines in addition to the four regular bases, and these are formed by the postreplicative action of three dna methyltransferases. the majority of the methylated bases are formed by the dam and dcm methyltransferases encoded by the dam (dna adenine methyltransferase) and dcm (dna cytosine methyltransferase) genes. although not essential, dam methylation is important for strand discrimination during the repair of re ... | 2014 | 26442938 |
| blockade of the pi-3k signalling pathway by the aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin induces macrophages to synthesize and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. | the aggregatibactor actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) induces g2 arrest and apoptosis in lymphocytes; these toxic effects are due to the active subunit, cdtb, which functions as a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) phosphatase. we now extend our investigation and demonstrate that cdt is able to perturb human macrophage function. thp-1- and monocyte-derived macrophages were found not to be susceptible to cdt-induced apoptosis. nonetheless, the toxin was capable o ... | 2014 | 24697951 |
| a rare case of critical illness polyneuropathy and literature review. | a 40- year-old male was admitted to the first hospital of jilin university with the complaint of 4 days of fever and headache and aggravation of weakness in his lower extremities accompanied with dysuria and disturbance of consciousness for one day. he had tachycardia, tachypnea and elevated white blood cell counts. general status of the patient got better day by day, while weakness and pain in his lower extremities had developed and gradually quadriplegia arose. when intensive care unit history ... | 2014 | 24949002 |
| intestinal microbiome and lymphoma development. | the intestinal microbiota and gut immune system must communicate to maintain a balance between tolerance and activation. our immune system protects us from pathogenic microbes at the same time that our bodies are host to trillions of microbes, symbionts, mutualists, and some that are essential to human health. since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphom ... | 2014 | 24855006 |
| sulfur species as redox partners and electron shuttles for ferrihydrite reduction by sulfurospirillum deleyianum. | iron(iii) (oxyhydr)oxides can represent the dominant microbial electron acceptors under anoxic conditions in many aquatic environments, which makes understanding the mechanisms and processes regulating their dissolution and transformation particularly important. in a previous laboratory-based study, it has been shown that 0.05 mm thiosulfate can reduce 6 mm ferrihydrite indirectly via enzymatic reduction of thiosulfate to sulfide by the sulfur-reducing bacterium sulfurospirillum deleyianum, foll ... | 2014 | 24632263 |
| attenuation of intestinal inflammation in interleukin-10-deficient mice infected with citrobacter rodentium. | interleukin-10 (il-10) curtails immune responses to microbial infection and autoantigens and contributes to intestinal immune homeostasis, yet administration of il-10 has not been effective at attenuating chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions, suggesting that its immune functions may be context dependent. to gain a broader understanding of the importance of il-10 in controlling mucosal immune responses to infectious challenges, we employed the murine attaching and effacing pathogen citrobac ... | 2014 | 24566625 |
| development of an aotus nancymaae model for shigella vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy studies. | several animal models exist to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of candidate shigella vaccines. the two most widely used nonprimate models for vaccine development include a murine pulmonary challenge model and a guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model. nonhuman primate models exhibit clinical features and gross and microscopic colonic lesions that mimic those induced in human shigellosis. challenge models for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and campylobacter spp. have be ... | 2014 | 24595138 |
| gtfa and gtfb are both required for protein o-glycosylation in lactobacillus plantarum. | acm2, the major autolysin of lactobacillus plantarum wcfs1, was recently found to be o-glycosylated with n-acetylhexosamine, likely n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac). in this study, we set out to identify the glycosylation machinery by employing a comparative genomics approach to identify gtf1 homologues, which are involved in fimbria-associated protein 1 (fap1) glycosylation in streptococcus parasanguinis. this in silico approach resulted in the identification of 6 candidate l. plantarum wcfs1 genes ... | 2014 | 24532775 |
| the iron stimulon and fur regulon of geobacter sulfurreducens and their role in energy metabolism. | iron plays a critical role in the physiology of geobacter species. it serves as both an essential component for proteins and cofactors and an electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration. here, we investigated the iron stimulon and ferric uptake regulator (fur) regulon of geobacter sulfurreducens to examine the coordination between uptake of fe(ii) and the reduction of fe(iii) at the transcriptional level. gene expression studies across a variety of different iron concentrations in both the wi ... | 2014 | 24584254 |
| retrospective analysis of guillain-barré syndrome and fisher syndrome after the great east japan earthquake. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and fisher syndrome (fs) are immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies, and most of these cases were known to be associated with a preceding infection. recent reports evidenced an increase in the number of infectious disease cases after the earthquake. the aim of this report is to investigate the incidence and clinical features of gbs and fs after the great east japan earthquake. we found gbs and fs patients had markedly increased in 2011, the year of the earthquake. ... | 2014 | 25161825 |
| natural solution to antibiotic resistance: bacteriophages 'the living drugs'. | antibiotics have been a panacea in animal husbandry as well as in human therapy for decades. the huge amount of antibiotics used to induce the growth and protect the health of farm animals has lead to the evolution of bacteria that are resistant to the drug's effects. today, many researchers are working with bacteriophages (phages) as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of pathogens for human therapy as well as prevention, biocontrol, and therapy in animal agriculture. phage therapy and ... | 2014 | 24781265 |
| a rhodobacter sphaeroides protein mechanistically similar to escherichia coli dksa regulates photosynthetic growth. | abstract dksa is a global regulatory protein that, together with the alarmone ppgpp, is required for the "stringent response" to nutrient starvation in the gammaproteobacterium escherichia coli and for more moderate shifts between growth conditions. dksa modulates the expression of hundreds of genes, directly or indirectly. mutants lacking a dksa homolog exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes in other gammaproteobacteria as well. here we analyzed the dksa homolog rsp2654 in the more distantly related rh ... | 2014 | 24781745 |
| extranodal marginal zone lymphoma presenting within the meckel diverticulum as diverticulitis: a case report. | meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital defect of the gastrointestinal tract. it can be asymptomatic or mimic appendicitis and may be complicated by bleeding, diverticulitis, obstruction, and, rarely, neoplasia. we report the first case of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma occupying a meckel diverticulum. a 44-year-old man with history of colonic diverticulitis presented to the emergency department for evaluation of acute abdominal pain. radiography showed enteric obstruction, promptin ... | 2014 | 24868477 |
| clostridium difficile phages: still difficult? | phages that infect clostridium difficile were first isolated for typing purposes in the 1980s, but their use was short lived. however, the rise of c. difficile epidemics over the last decade has triggered a resurgence of interest in using phages to combat this pathogen. phage therapy is an attractive treatment option for c. difficile infection, however, developing suitable phages is challenging. in this review we summarize the difficulties faced by researchers in this field, and we discuss the s ... | 2014 | 24808893 |
| combined probiotic bacteria promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function in interleukin-10-gene-deficient mice. | to investigate the protective effects of combinations of probiotic (bifico) on interleukin (il)-10-gene-deficient (il-10 ko) mice and caco-2 cell monolayers. | 2014 | 24782616 |
| the periplasmic enzyme, ansb, of shigella flexneri modulates bacterial adherence to host epithelial cells. | s. flexneri strains, most frequently linked with endemic outbreaks of shigellosis, invade the colonic and rectal epithelium of their host and cause severe tissue damage. here we have attempted to elucidate the contribution of the periplasmic enzyme, l-asparaginase (ansb) to the pathogenesis of s. flexneri. using a reverse genetic approach we found that ansb mutants showed reduced adherence to epithelial cells in vitro and attenuation in two in vivo models of shigellosis, the caenorhabditis elega ... | 2014 | 24762742 |
| prevalence of anti-ganglioside antibodies and their clinical correlates with guillain-barré syndrome in korea: a nationwide multicenter study. | no previous studies have investigated the relationship between various anti-ganglioside antibodies and the clinical characteristics of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in korea. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of anti-ganglioside antibodies in korean gbs patients, and to identify their clinical significance. | 2014 | 24829594 |
| metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers. | 2014 | 24758379 | |
| identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in south africa. | the role of bio-aerosols in the spread of disease and spoilage of food has been described in numerous studies; nevertheless this information at south african hospitals is limited. attributable to their size, bio-aerosols may be suspended in the air for long periods placing patients at risk of infection and possibly settling on surfaces resulting in food contamination. the aim of the study is to assess the microbial composition of the air in the kitchen and selected wards at a typical district ho ... | 2014 | 24750818 |
| dna sequence heterogeneity of campylobacter jejuni cjie4 prophages and expression of prophage genes. | campylobacter jejuni carry temperate bacteriophages that can affect the biology or virulence of the host bacterium. known effects include genomic rearrangements and resistance to dna transformation. c. jejuni prophage cjie1 shows sequence variability and variability in the content of morons. homologs of the cjie1 prophage enhance both adherence and invasion to cells in culture and increase the expression of a specific subset of bacterial genes. other c. jejuni temperate phages have so far not be ... | 2014 | 24756024 |
| crystal structure of the campylobacter jejuni cmec outer membrane channel. | as one of the world's most prevalent enteric pathogens, campylobacter jejuni is a major causative agent of human enterocolitis and is responsible for more than 400 million cases of diarrhea each year. the impact of this pathogen on children is of particular significance. campylobacter has developed resistance to many antimicrobial agents via multidrug efflux machinery. the cmeabc tripartite multidrug efflux pump, belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd) superfamily, plays a maj ... | 2014 | 24753291 |
| molecular characterization of cytolethal distending toxin gene-positive escherichia coli from healthy cattle and swine in nara, japan. | cytolethal distending toxin (cdt)-producing escherichia coli (ctec) has been isolated from patients with gastrointestinal or urinary tract infection, and sepsis. however, the source of human infection remains unknown. in this study, we attempted to detect and isolate ctec strains from fecal specimens of healthy farm animals and characterized them phenotypically and genotypically. | 2014 | 24742173 |
| the evolutionary history and diagnostic utility of the crispr-cas system within salmonella enterica ssp. enterica. | evolutionary studies of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs) and their associated (cas) genes can provide insights into host-pathogen co-evolutionary dynamics and the frequency at which different genomic events (e.g., horizontal vs. vertical transmission) occur. within this study, we used whole genome sequence (wgs) data to determine the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of crispr loci and cas genes among a diverse set of 427 salmonella enterica ssp. enter ... | 2014 | 24765574 |
| phenotypic resistance and the dynamics of bacterial escape from phage control. | the canonical view of phage - bacterial interactions in dense, liquid cultures is that the phage will eliminate most of the sensitive cells; genetic resistance will then ascend to restore high bacterial densities. yet there are various mechanisms by which bacteria may remain sensitive to phages but still attain high densities in their presence - because bacteria enter a transient state of reduced adsorption. importantly, these mechanisms may be cryptic and inapparent prior to the addition of pha ... | 2014 | 24743264 |
| promise and reality in the expanding field of network interaction analysis: metabolic networks. | in the last few decades, metabolic networks revealed their capabilities as powerful tools to analyze the cellular metabolism. many research fields (eg, metabolic engineering, diagnostic medicine, pharmacology, biochemistry, biology and physiology) improved the understanding of the cell combining experimental assays and metabolic network-based computations. this process led to the rise of the "systems biology" approach, where the theory meets experiments and where two complementary perspectives c ... | 2014 | 24812497 |
| a role for lactate dehydrogenases in the survival of neisseria gonorrhoeae in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cervical epithelial cells. | lactate is an abundant metabolite, produced by host tissues and commensal organisms, and it represents an important potential carbon source for bacterial pathogens. in the case of neisseria spp., the importance of the lactate permease in colonization of the host has been demonstrated, but there have been few studies of lactate metabolism in pathogenic neisseria in the postgenomic era. we describe herein the characterization of genome-annotated, respiratory, and substrate-level lactate dehydrogen ... | 2014 | 24737798 |
| the la loop as an important regulatory element of the htra (degp) protease from escherichia coli: structural and functional studies. | bacterial htras are serine proteases engaged in extracytoplasmic protein quality control and are required for the virulence of several pathogenic species. the proteolytic activity of htra (degp) from escherichia coli, a model prokaryotic htra, is stimulated by stressful conditions; the regulation of this process is mediated by the la, ld, l1, l2, and l3 loops. the precise mechanism of action of the la loop is not known due to a lack of data concerning its three-dimensional structure as well as i ... | 2014 | 24737328 |
| therapeutics role of olive fruits/oil in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-oxidant, anti-tumour and genetic activity. | the current mode of treatment for various diseases is based on synthetic drugs are effective but they show adverse effect and also alter the genetic and metabolic activity. moreover, some drugs prepared from plants and their constituents show potentiality with more efficacy than synthetic agents used in clinical therapy. earlier report has shown that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly related with reduced risk of developing various diseases. several epidemiological studies ... | 2014 | 24955148 |
| promotion of atherosclerosis by helicobacter cinaedi infection that involves macrophage-driven proinflammatory responses. | helicobacter cinaedi is the most common enterohepatic helicobacter species that causes bacteremia in humans, but its pathogenicity is unclear. here, we investigated the possible association of h. cinaedi with atherosclerosis in vivo and in vitro. we found that h. cinaedi infection significantly enhanced atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic mice. aortic root lesions in infected mice showed increased accumulation of neutrophils and f4/80(+) foam cells, which was due, at least partly, to bacteria-med ... | 2014 | 24732347 |
| post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome: mechanistic insights into chronic disturbances following enteric infection. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a commonly encountered chronic functional gastrointestinal (gi) disorder. approximately 10% of ibs patients can trace the onset of their symptoms to a previous a bout of infectious dysentery. the appearance of new ibs symptoms following an infectious event is defined as post-infectious-ibs. indeed, with the world health organization estimating between 2 and 4 billion cases annually, infectious diarrheal disease represents an incredible international healthcare b ... | 2014 | 24744587 |
| classification and evolution of type ii crispr-cas systems. | the crispr-cas systems of archaeal and bacterial adaptive immunity are classified into three types that differ by the repertoires of crispr-associated (cas) genes, the organization of cas operons and the structure of repeats in the crispr arrays. the simplest among the crispr-cas systems is type ii in which the endonuclease activities required for the interference with foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) are concentrated in a single multidomain protein, cas9, and are guided by a co-processed dua ... | 2014 | 24728998 |
| identification of a novel g2073a mutation in 23s rrna in amphenicol-selected mutants of campylobacter jejuni. | this study was conducted to examine the development and molecular mechanisms of amphenicol resistance in campylobacter jejuni by using in vitro selection with chloramphenicol and florfenicol. the impact of the resistance development on growth rates was also determined using in vitro culture. | 2014 | 24728007 |
| detection of food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria based on ligation detection reaction coupled to flow-through hybridization on membranes. | traditional culturing methods are still commonly applied for bacterial identification in the food control sector, despite being time and labor intensive. microarray technologies represent an interesting alternative. however, they require higher costs and technical expertise, making them still inappropriate for microbial routine analysis. the present study describes the development of an efficient method for bacterial identification based on flow-through reverse dot-blot (ft-rdb) hybridization on ... | 2014 | 24818128 |
| molecular analysis of ciprofloxacin resistance mechanisms in malaysian esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and development of mismatch amplification mutation assays (mama) for rapid detection of gyra and parc mutations. | ninety-three malaysian extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were investigated for ciprofloxacin resistance. two mismatch amplification mutation (mama) assays were developed and used to facilitate rapid detection of gyra and parc mutations. the isolates were also screened for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) genes including aac(6')-ib-cr, qepa, and qnr. ciprofloxacin resistance (mics 4- ≥ 32 μ g/ml) was noted in 34 (37%) isolates, of which 33 ... | 2014 | 24860827 |
| the hmw1c-like glycosyltransferases--an enzyme family with a sweet tooth for simple sugars. | 2014 | 24722584 | |
| an integrated flow cytometry-based system for real-time, high sensitivity bacterial detection and identification. | foodborne illnesses occur in both industrialized and developing countries, and may be increasing due to rapidly evolving food production practices. yet some primary tools used to assess food safety are decades, if not centuries, old. to improve the time to result for food safety assessment a sensitive flow cytometer based system to detect microbial contamination was developed. by eliminating background fluorescence and improving signal to noise the assays accurately measure bacterial load or spe ... | 2014 | 24718659 |
| influences of the colonic microbiome on the mucous gel layer in ulcerative colitis. | the colonic mucus gel layer (mgl) is a critical component of the innate immune system acting as a physical barrier to microbes, luminal insults, and toxins. mucins are the major component of the mgl. selected microbes have the potential to interact with, bind to, and metabolize mucins. the tolerance of the host to the presence of these microbes is critical to maintaining mgl homeostasis. in disease states such as ulcerative colitis (uc), both the mucosa associated microbes and the constituent mg ... | 2014 | 24714392 |
| understanding molecular recognition of promiscuity of thermophilic methionine adenosyltransferase smat from sulfolobus solfataricus. | methionine adenosyltransferase (mat) is a family of enzymes that utilizes atp and methionine to produce s-adenosylmethionine (adomet), the most crucial methyl donor in the biological methylation of biomolecules and bioactive natural products. here, we report that the mat from sulfolobus solfataricus (smat), an enzyme from a poorly explored class of the mat family, has the ability to produce a range of differentially alkylated adomet analogs in the presence of non-native methionine analogs and at ... | 2014 | 24649856 |
| inflammatory and bone remodeling responses to the cytolethal distending toxins. | the cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) are a family of exotoxins produced by a wide range of gram-negative bacteria. they are known for causing genotoxic stress to the cell, resulting in growth arrest and eventually apoptotic cell death. nevertheless, there is evidence that cdts can also perturb the innate immune responses, by regulating inflammatory cytokine production and molecular mediators of bone remodeling in various cell types. these cellular and molecular events may in turn have an effe ... | 2014 | 24709959 |
| a tangle of poly-phosphate in campylobacter. | 2014 | 24705144 |