Publications

detection of human g10 rotavirus strains with similarity to bovine and bovine-like equine strains from untypable samples.	g10 rotaviruses, which are usually found in cattle, have also been reported in neonatal infections in recent years. during the rotavirus surveillances of children less than 4years of age between 2003 and 2006 in kolkata, eastern india, 60 out of 1153 samples could not be typed. all 60 samples gave usual electropherotype pattern in polyacrylamide gel. thirty-one out of these 60 g and p untypable rotavirus strains were successfully characterized during the study. among 31 samples, g9p[4] (n=8), g1 ...	2011	22155585
identification of lineage iii of g12 rotavirus strains in diarrheic children in the northern region of brazil between 2008 and 2010.	this study reports on the surveillance for rotavirus genotypes and the identification of g12 human rotavirus in the northern region of brazil. rotavirus-positive samples were collected from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhea from january 2008 to october 2010. g2p[4] was the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 45.6% (126/303) of cases. five rotavirus strains bearing g12p[6] genotype specificity were detected. phylogenetic analysis of the vp7 gene showed that g12 strains clustered in ...	2011	21947565
[rotavirus vaccines: a long and difficult journey].	diarrhea is the second cause of death worldwide. the main causative agent in infants and children less than 5 years is rotavirus. consequently, for the world health organization and the global alliance for vaccines and immunization (gavi), rotavirus vaccination is an urgent priority. the global distribution of rotavirus serotypes varies from country to country, but in 80-90% of cases is caused by five types: g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8] and g9p[8]. currently, two rotavirus vaccines are availab ...	2011	22112634
prevalence of human rotavirus genotypes in wuhan, china, during 2008-2011: changing trend of predominant genotypes and emergence of strains with the p[8]b subtype of the vp4 gene.	hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus genotypes was conducted in wuhan, china, between march 2008 and may 2011. the detection rates of group a rotavirus were 24.6% (458/1859) and 12.1% (96/795) in children and adults, respectively, with diarrhea. among the 554 positive specimens, the most frequent genotype was g3p[8] (57.9%), followed by g1p[8] (29.4%). compared with previous studies in wuhan (2000-2008), the relative frequency of g3p[8] has been decreasing year by year, while the predominant ...	2011	21986895
glycan-modifying bacteria-derived soluble factors from bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and lactobacillus casei inhibit rotavirus infection in human intestinal cells.	rotaviruses attach to intestinal cells in a process that requires glycan recognition. some bacteria from the gut microflora have been shown to modify cell-surface glycans. in this study, human intestinal cultured cells were incubated with bacteria-derived soluble factors and infected with rotavirus. results show that only bacterial soluble factors that increase cell-surface galactose namely, those of bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and lactobacillus casei were able to efficiently block rotavirus in ...	2011	22079149
[hemicerebellitis associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis.]		2011	22206883
hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in catalonia, spain, 2003-2008.	abstract:	2011	22013948
patient volume and quality of care for young children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis.	to explore the relationship between the volume of children admitted to the hospital with acute gastroenteritis and adherence to recommended quality indicators.	2011	21893651
national and state vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months--united states, 2010.	the national immunization survey (nis) monitors vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months using a random-digit-dialed sample of telephone numbers of households to evaluate childhood immunization programs in the united states. this report describes the 2010 nis coverage estimates for children born during january 2007-july 2009. nationally, vaccination coverage increased in 2010 compared with 2009 for ≥ 1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (mmr), from 90.0% to 91.5%; ≥ 4 doses ...	2011	21881546
rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 antagonizes innate immune response by interacting with retinoic acid inducible gene i.	abstract:	2011	22152002
monitoring impact and effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination.	rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age globally. since 2009, the who has recommended inclusion of rotavirus vaccine in the national immunization programs of all countries. data regarding rotavirus vaccine impact and effectiveness under conditions of routine use are important for encouraging countries to implement vaccination programs. in the absence of a national rotavirus vaccination program in france, the ivanhoe study was initiated t ...	2011	21854307
rotavirus infection induces the unfolded protein response of the cell and controls it through the nonstructural protein nsp3.	the unfolded protein response (upr) is a cellular mechanism that is triggered in order to cope with the stress caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). this response is initiated by the endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (ire1), activating transcription factor 6 (atf6), and pkr-like er kinase, which increase the expression of the genes involved in the folding and degradation processes and decrease the protein input into the er by inhibiting tr ...	2011	21937647
incidence of intussusception among infants in a large commercially insured population in the united states.	background: to estimate the incidence of intussusception among infants treated in inpatient and emergency department settings during the period preceding the us launch of second generation rotavirus vaccines. methods: from a large us health insurance claims database, we sampled 100,000 infants aged 1 to 3 months at first diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dtap) vaccination between 2001 and 2005. potential intussusception cases were identified on the basis of claims and confirmed by medical ...	2011	22173141
compatible immuno-nasba loc device for quantitative detection of waterborne pathogens: design and validation.	waterborne pathogens usually pose a global threat to animals and human beings. there has been a growing demand for convenient and sensitive tools to detect the potential emerging pathogens in water. in this study, a lab-on-a-chip (loc) device based on the real-time immuno-nasba (immuno-nucleic acid sequence-based amplification) assay was designed, fabricated and verified. the disposable immuno-nasba chip is modelled on a 96-well elisa microplate, which contains 43 reaction chambers inside the bi ...	2011	22146918
outstanding challenges for rotavirus vaccine introduction in low-income countries--a systematic review.	rotavirus infections are the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in children worldwide. two internationally licensed rotavirus vaccines have proven to be efficacious in middle and high-income countries and they could potentially be valuable tools for the prevention of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in low-income countries where the disease burden is greatest. however, before the vaccines can be introduced into the national immunisation programmes in these countries, many challenges related to ...	2011	21975154
developing novel antisecretory drugs to treat infectious diarrhea.	diarrhea, a disease of poverty and poor sanitation, kills an estimated two million children each year. oral rehydration therapy is a very simple and inexpensive treatment that has significantly reduced mortality from secretory diarrhea caused by rotavirus, cholera and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. the efficacy and adoption of oral rehydration therapy would be enhanced by a drug that reduces fluid loss associated with these diseases and alleviates disease symptoms. secretion and absorption by ...	2011	21859305
inhibitory effects of bile acids and synthetic farnesoid x receptor agonists on rotavirus replication.	rotaviruses (group a rotaviruses) are the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. currently, an antiviral drug is not available and information on therapeutic targets for antiviral development is limited for rotavirus infection. previously, it was shown that lipid homeostasis is important in rotavirus replication. since farnesoid x receptor (fxr) and its natural ligands bile acids (such as chenodeoxycholic acid [cdca]) play major roles in cholesterol and ...	2011	21957312
horizontal transmission of a human rotavirus vaccine strain--a randomized, placebo-controlled study in twins.	transmission of excreted vaccine-derived infectious virus from vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals is possible within close contacts. this randomized (1:1), double-blind study evaluated the potential for transmission of human rotavirus vaccine strain, hrv (rotarix™) from vaccine recipients to unvaccinated close contacts (twins). 100 pairs of healthy twins aged 6-14 weeks at the time of dose 1 of hrv vaccine/placebo were enrolled and one randomly selected twin from each pair received two vacci ...	2011	22008819
Healthy-days time equivalents for outcomes of acute rotavirus infections.	Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Health-state utility measures used in economic evaluations of rotavirus vaccines do not reflect differences between mild and severe symptoms of rotavirus gastroenteritis and, therefore, do not adequately capture preferences for non-fatal outcomes associated with rotavirus common in industrialized countries. This paper describes the development and results of a survey specifically designed to dev ...	2011	21864612
unexpected benefits of rotavirus vaccination in the united states.		2011	21878426
childhood diarrhea deaths after rotavirus vaccination in mexico.		2011	21864191
gavi rolls out vaccines against child killers to more countries.		2011	21957215
antigenemia, rnaemia, and innate immunity in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea.	antigenemia is commonly detected in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea, but the prevalence of viremia has not been clearly defined. we examined antigenemia in plasma and rnaemia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of children with acute diarrhea by eia, rt-pcr, and southern hybridization, using primers and a probe specific to rotavirus nsp4 gene. we detected the presence of rotavirus antigen in 33.3% and almost full-length nsp4 gene in 70.8% of the acute-phase plasma and pbmc, respe ...	2011	22176605
Tilt-pair analysis of images from a range of different specimens in single-particle electron cryomicroscopy.	The comparison of a pair of electron microscope images recorded at different specimen tilt angles provides a powerful approach for evaluating the quality of images, image-processing procedures, or three-dimensional structures. Here, we analyze tilt-pair images recorded from a range of specimens with different symmetries and molecular masses and show how the analysis can produce valuable information not easily obtained otherwise. We show that the accuracy of orientation determination of individua ...	2011	21939668
bluetongue virus vp1 polymerase activity in vitro: template dependency, dinucleotide priming and cap dependency.	bluetongue virus (btv) protein, vp1, is known to possess an intrinsic polymerase function, unlike rotavirus vp1, which requires the capsid protein vp2 for its catalytic activity. however, compared with the polymerases of other members of the reoviridae family, btv vp1 has not been characterized in detail.	2011	22110731
Low prevalence of rotavirus and high prevalence of norovirus in hospital and community wastewater after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in nicaragua.	Rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) are major causes of pediatric diarrhea and are altogether associated with approximately 800,000 deaths in young children every year. In Nicaragua, national RV vaccination program using the pentavalent RV5 vaccine from Merck was implemented in October 2006. To determine whether RV vaccination decreased the overall number of RV infections, we investigated the occurrence of RV and NoV in wastewater in the city of León from July 2007 to July 2008 and compared these ...	2011	22016794
maintaining vaccine delivery following the introduction of the rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines in thailand.	although the substantial burdens of rotavirus and pneumococcal disease have motivated many countries to consider introducing the rotavirus vaccine (rv) and heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv-7) to their national immunization programs (epis), these new vaccines could affect the countries' vaccine supply chains (i.e., the series of steps required to get a vaccine from their manufacturers to patients). we developed detailed computational models of the trang province, thailand, vaccine ...	2011	21931805
Global study of viral diarrhea in hospitalized children in Spain: results of structural surveillance of viral gastroenteritis net work (VIGESS-net) 2006-2008.	Detection and characterization of gastroenteritis cases (viruses) was conducted during eleven years through the surveillance VIGESS-net, which was created in an effort to conduct a structured surveillance of rotavirus genotypes co-circulating in Spain.	2011	21963269
intussusception after rotavirus vaccination--spontaneous reports.		2011	22129263
survey of national immunization programs and vaccine coverage rates in asia pacific countries.	children in the asia pacific region are still suffering from certain vaccine-preventable diseases. the current study surveyed the national immunization programs and vaccine uptake of traditional and newly developed vaccines in 12 countries in this area. the results showed children in most countries were well protected from conventional vaccine-preventable diseases, while immunization programs for certain diseases such as poliovirus or measles should be strengthened in certain countries. protecti ...	2011	22075085
Effect of Detection Methods on Risk Estimates of Exposure to Biosolids-Associated Human Enteric Viruses.	This study illustrates the effect of virus detection methods on estimates of risks of infection of biosolids-associated viruses for occupational workers and residential population during a hypothetical exposure of biosolids. Five gastroenteritis-associated human enteric viruses-enteroviruses (echovirus-12, enteroviruse types 68-71), adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and noroviruses genotype-I-were considered to represent human enteric viruses for risk estimation purposes. Ingested viral doses were calc ...	2011	22050302
molecular characterization of two strains of porcine group c rotavirus.	group c rotaviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. fecal samples were collected from a porcine herd in july, 2009. group c rotavirus rna was detected using rt-pcr for the vp6 gene. the identified strain was further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the partial vp4, and complete vp6 and vp7 gene sequences. the partial vp4 and complete vp6 gene sequences of the cuk-5 strain were most closely related to those of the cuk-6 strain of grou ...	2011	22203575
group a rotavirus detection on environmental surfaces in a hospital intensive care unit.	background: environmental surfaces can play a role in the spread of pathogens, such as enteric viruses, within a hospital. this study assessed the level of contamination of group a rotavirus (rv-a) on environmental surfaces samples from an adult intensive care unit in a hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. methods: a total of 504 environmental surface samples were obtained from multiple sites in the intensive care unit, including flushing buttons, telephones, and alcohol gel supports. nested and ...	2011	22018841
Enteroendocrine and Neuronal Mechanisms in Pathophysiology of Acute Infectious Diarrhea.	BACKGROUND: While enterocyte secretion is the predominant mechanism considered responsible for secretory diarrhea in response to acute enteric infections, there are several lines of evidence that support alternative mechanisms controlling fluid and electrolyte secretion in diarrhea. AIM: To review enteroendocrine and neuronal mechanisms that participate in the development of acute infectious diarrhea. ...	2011	22001941
oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants.	rotavirus is a common neonatal nosocomial viral infection and epidemics with the newer p(6)g9 strains have been reported. local mucosal immunity in the intestine to rotavirus is important in the resolution of infection and protection against subsequent infections. oral administration of anti-rotaviral immunoglobulin preparations might be a useful strategy in preventing rotaviral infections, especially in low birth weight babies.	2011	22071808
whole genome analyses of african g2, g8, g9, and g12 rotavirus strains using sequence-independent amplification and 454® pyrosequencing.	high mortality rates caused by rotaviruses are associated with several strains such as g2, g8, g9, and g12 rotaviruses. rotaviruses with g9 and g12 genotypes emerged worldwide in the past two decades. g2 and g8 rotaviruses are however also characterized frequently across africa. to understand the genetic constellation of african g2, g8, g9, and g12 rotavirus strains and their possible origin, sequence-independent cdna synthesis, amplification, and 454(®) pyrosequencing of the whole genomes of fi ...	2011	21915879
[interaction of rotavirus with protein disulfide isomerase in vitro and cell system].	rotavirus entry process involves a multi-step mechanism, the first of which is when the outermost viral proteins interact with four different integrins and hsc70. recently, rotavirus infection reportedly has been decreased after blocking cell surface protein disulfide isomerase (pdi). this suggested that this protein interacts with rotavirus during the entry process.	2011	22159485
adsorption characteristics of an enteric virus-binding protein to norovirus, rotavirus and poliovirus.	abstract:	2011	22176631
the molecular epidemiology of circulating rotaviruses: three-year surveillance in the region of monastir, tunisia.	rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating, gastroenteritis among children worldwide. in developing countries, approximately 1440 children die from rotavirus infections each day, with an estimated 527,000 annually. in infants, rotavirus is estimated to cause more than 2 million hospitalizations every year depending on the income level of the country. the purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of rotavirus gastroenteritis and identify the distribution of cir ...	2011	21967503
role of temperature and suwannee river natural organic matter on inactivation kinetics of rotavirus and bacteriophage ms2 by solar irradiation.	although the sunlight-mediated inactivation of viruses has been recognized as an important process that controls surface water quality, the mechanisms of virus inactivation by sunlight are not yet clearly understood. we investigated the synergistic role of temperature and suwannee river natural organic matter (srnom), an exogenous sensitizer, for sunlight-mediated inactivation of porcine rotavirus and ms2 bacteriophage. upon irradiation by a full spectrum of simulated sunlight in the absence of ...	2011	22017181
virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour disinfection.	viral contamination of surfaces is thought to be important in transmission. chemical disinfection can be an effective means of intervention, but little is known about the virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour (hpv) against enteric and respiratory viruses.	2011	22153909
Characterization of rotavirus and norovirus strains: a 6-year study (2004-2009).	To monitor rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) infections in hospitalized children = 5 years with acute gastroenteritis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during a 6-year period (2004- 2009).	2011	21979837
High dose and low dose Lactobacillus acidophilus exerted differential immune modulating effects on T cell immune responses induced by an oral human rotavirus vaccine in gnotobiotic pigs.	BACKGROUND: Strain-specific effects of probiotics in pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses have been well recognized. Several proinflammatory Lactobacillus strains have been shown to act as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines. However, dose effects of probiotics in modulating immune responses are not clearly understood. This study examined the dose effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) NCFM strain on T cell immune responses to rotavirus vaccination in a gnotobiotic (Gn) ...	2011	22178726
Molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses in children with sporadic gastroenteritis in Valencia, Venezuela.	The epidemiology and clinical symptoms in infants and young children with acute sporadic viral gastroenteritis due to viral etiologies other than rotaviruses have not been studied thoroughly in developing countries. Fecal specimens from 480 children <5 years of age who were admitted to a large children's hospital in the city of Valencia, Venezuela, with acute diarrhea during January to December 2003 were collected and screened by ELISA and RT-PCR for rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, ...	2011	21915873
Rotavirus infection in an Indian birth cohort.		2011	22010932
interaction of enterovirus infection and cow's milk-based formula nutrition in type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity.	background: enteral virus infections and early introduction of cow's milk (cm)-based formula are among the suggested triggers of type 1 diabetes (t1d)- associated autoimmunity, although studies on their role have remained contradictory. here, we aimed to analyse whether interactions between these factors might clarify the controversies. materials: the study population comprised 107 subjects developing positivity for at least two t1d-associated autoantibodies and 446 control subjects from the fin ...	2011	21922634
Rotavirus vaccine and health care utilization for diarrhea in U.S. children.	Routine vaccination of U.S. infants with pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) began in 2006.	2011	21992123
projecting the effectiveness of rotateq® against rotavirus-related hospitalisations in brazil.	rotateq® (merck & company, inc, whitehouse station, nj, usa) is an oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) that has shown high and consistent efficacy in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis (rge) in randomised clinical trials previously conducted in industrialised countries with high medical care resources. to date, the efficacy and effectiveness data for rv5 are available in some latin american countries, but not brazil. in this analysis, we projected the effectiveness of rv5 in terms of the ...	2011	21894373
rotavirus prevalence in the primary care setting in nicaragua after universal infant rotavirus immunization.	nicaragua was the first developing nation to implement universal infant rotavirus immunization with the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5). initial studies of vaccine effectiveness in nicaragua and other developing nations have focused on the prevention of hospitalizations and severe rotavirus diarrhea. however, rotavirus diarrhea is more commonly treated in the primary care setting, with only 1-3% of rotavirus cases receiving hospital care. we measured the prevalence of rotavirus infection in ...	2011	22049057
high prevalence of turkey parvovirus in turkey flocks from hungary experiencing enteric disease syndromes.	samples collected in 2008 and 2009, from 49 turkey flocks of 6 to 43 days in age and presenting clinical signs of enteric disease and high mortality, were tested by polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the presence of viruses currently associated with enteric disease (ed) syndromes: astrovirus, reovirus, rotavirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, and parvovirus. turkey astroviruses were found in 83.67% of the cases and turkey astrovirus 2 (tast-2) in 26.53%. ...	2011	22017049
enteric viruses in new zealand drinking-water sources.	this study determined whether human pathogenic viruses are present in two new zealand surface waters that are used as drinking-water sources. enteric viruses were concentrated using hollow-fibre ultrafiltration and detected using pcr for adenovirus (adv), and reverse transcription pcr for norovirus (nov) genogroups i-iii, enterovirus, rotavirus (rov) and hepatitis e virus (hev). target viruses were detected in 106/109 (97%) samples, with 67/109 (61%) samples positive for three or more viral type ...	2011	21866776
leveraging state immunization information systems to measure the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine.	electronic immunization information systems (iiss) are now established in almost all us states. we used the iis in minnesota, georgia, and connecticut for immunization data and as the source of 1 of 2 control groups to measure pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) effectiveness (ve) using case-control methodology.	2011	22084328
updating prevaccination rotavirus-associated mortality.		2011	22030331
Increased prevalence of rotavirus among children associated gastroenteritis in Riyadh Saudi Arabia.	ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology along with the molecular structure of rotavirus causing pediatric diarrhea among Saudi patients. However, in this report we sited the epidemiological reflect coming from our project. METHODS: One thousand and seven diarrheal stool samples had been collected between Jan1st, 2008 and OCT 31st, 2010 from hospitalized patients below the age of 5 year. Samples were then examined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic ...	2011	22176997
vaccine adjuvant properties of probiotic bacteria.	vaccine-preventable diseases are still responsible for the deaths of more than 1 million children under the age of 5 years annually, mostly in developing countries. a substantial number of these deaths are due to pneumococcal bacteria and infections with rotavirus. important issues faced by the who, governments, vaccine manufacturers, and international organizations such as unicef and the global alliance for vaccines and immunization (gavi) are the cost-effective introduction of these life-savin ...	2011	22204769
[immunization schedule of the spanish association of pediatrics: 2012 recommendations].	the advisory committee on vaccines of the spanish association of pediatrics (cav-aep) updates the immunization schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the effectiveness and efficency of vaccines. the present schedule includes grades of recommendation. we have graded as routine vaccinations those that the cav-aep believes all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunization and would ideally be giv ...	2011	22177424
Rotavirus vaccines: Update on global impact and future priorities.	Early rotavirus vaccine adopter countries in the Americas, Europe, and in Australia have documented substantial declines in rotavirus disease burden following the introduction of vaccination. However, the full public health impact of rotavirus vaccines has not been realized as they have not been introduced into routine immunization programs in countries of Africa and Asia with the highest rotavirus disease morbidity and mortality burden. In this article, we review the epidemiology of rotavirus ...	2011	22108032
a multi-center, qualitative assessment of pediatrician and maternal perspectives on rotavirus vaccines and the detection of porcine circovirus.	in 2010, researchers using novel laboratory techniques found that us-licensed rotavirus vaccines contain dna or dna fragments from porcine circovirus (pcv), a virus common among pigs but not believed to cause illness in humans. we sought to understand pediatricians' and mothers' perspectives on this finding.	2011	21943237
immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) in mexican infants.	the immunogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, phid-cv, have been documented in european and asian studies. in this open study conducted in mexico (nct00489554), 230 healthy infants received three doses of phid-cv and dtpa-hbv-ipv/hib vaccines at 2, 4 and 6 months of age and two doses of oral human rotavirus vaccine at 2 and 4 months. serotype-specific pneumococcal responses and opsonophagocytic activity (opa) were measured one month post-dose 3. phid-cv's primary ...	2011	22048109
impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-related mortality and hospital discharges in panama.	background: rotavirus vaccination was introduced in panama in march 2006. this study was carried out in order to describe the trends in gastroenteritis-related (ger) hospitalizations and mortality in children <5 years of age during the pre- and post-vaccination periods. methods: data from the expanded program on immunization (ministry of health) were used to calculate vaccine coverage. ger mortality and hospitalizations were obtained through database review of the contraloría general de la repúb ...	2011	22154592
health economics of rotavirus immunization in vietnam: potentials for favorable cost-effectiveness in developing countries.	introduction: rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea worldwide. vietnam is situated in the region of high rotavirus infection incidence and eligible for financial support to introduce rotavirus vaccines into the expanded program of immunization (epi) from the gavi. this study was designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus immunization in vietnam, explicitly the use of rotateq(®) and to assess the affordability of implementing universal rotavirus immunization based on ...	2011	22119590
antigenemia and cytokine expression in rotavirus gastroenteritis in children.	background: antigenemia is commonly found in children with rotavirus infection, although its clinical significance is undetermined. the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of antigenemia with clinical manifestations and cytokine profiles in children infected by rotavirus. methods: in total, 68 children hospitalized with rotavirus gastroenteritis were enrolled. serum samples were collected for detection of antigenemia and viremia. clinical, laboratory and demographic data were analy ...	2011	22169122
rotavirus shedding in premature infants following first immunization.	there is limited data regarding rotavirus vaccine shedding in premature infants. we describe the natural history of rotavirus shedding in premature infants in the 2-week period following first immunization with rotateq(®), the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5), and the risk for symptomatic transmission to household contacts (hhc).	2011	21856359
sensitivity of poliovirus type 1 chat strain and rotavirus sa-11 to e-beam irradiation on iceberg lettuce and spinach: quantifying the reduction in potential health risks.	fresh produce such as lettuce and spinach serve as routes of foodborne illnesses. the u.s. fda has approved the use of ionizing irradiation upto 4 kgy as a pathogen kill step for fresh cut lettuce and spinach. the focus of this study was to determine the inactivation of poliovirus and rotavirus on lettuce and spinach when exposed to varying doses of high energy e-beam irradiation and to calculate the theoretical reduction in infection risks that can be achieved under different contamination scen ...	2011	22179244
co-circulation of g1, g2 and g9 rotaviruses in hospitalized patients in bangladesh during 2006-2009.	rotavirus strain diversity in bangladesh has been explored since 1985 and as seen in other parts of the world, rotaviruses have shown tremendous strain diversity overtime. rotavirus antigen was detected in stool specimens using a solid-phase sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay. a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was performed for rotavirus g and p genotypes. this current study was carried out between 2006 and 2009 during which time 1,607 (23%) of 7,058 fecal specim ...	2011	21860255
detection of avian rotaviruses of groups a, d, f and g in diseased chickens and turkeys from europe and bangladesh.	avian rotaviruses (avrvs) represent a diverse group of intestinal viruses, which are suspected as the cause of several diseases in poultry with symptoms of diarrhoea, growth retardation or runting and stunting syndrome (rss). to assess the distribution of avrvs in chickens and turkeys, we have developed specific pcr protocols. these protocols were applied in two field studies investigating faecal samples or intestinal contents of diseased birds derived from several european countries and banglad ...	2011	22079218
vaccine-preventable diseases and their impact on latin american children.	a joint meeting of the latin american society of pediatric infectious diseases, the dominican society of pediatrics and the dominican society of vaccinology was held in the dominican republic. this report highlights the most relevant issues that were presented and discussed about vaccine-preventable diseases, their epidemiology and impact in latin american children, the need to move forward and expand national immunization programs and the economical and political obstacles to introduce ?new? va ...	2011	22085169
first detection of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in south korea.	group c rotavirus (gpc rv) causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhoea in humans worldwide, but has not been detected among children in south korea. the present study aimed to detect gpc rv among children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in south korea and to perform a molecular characterization of gpc rv strains. from november 2003 to january 2006, 434 faecal samples were collected from children <10 years of age who were hospitalized for treatment of acute diarrhoea and screened for ...	2011	20491826
infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis: a retrospective study of 25 patients.	the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic, clinical, and evolutional characteristics in patients who presented convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (cwg) to facilitate the diagnosis in daily clinical practice.	2011	20618844
genotypes of the circulating rotavirus strains in the seven prevaccine seasons from september 2000 to august 2007 in south korea.	a korean nationwide surveillance on circulating rotavirus strains was conducted from september 2000 to august 2007 aiming to obtain prevaccine data for predicting vaccine effectiveness. the predominant strains among the 2779 strains analyzed varied annually and only approximately 50% had either a g or a p antigen present in both rotateq (merck & co. inc., whitehouse station, nj, usa) and rotarix (glaxosmithkline, brentford, uk).	2011	20384698
improvement of intractable childhood epilepsy following acute viral infection.	in this study, we report 11 patients with intractable childhood epilepsy that improved following acute viral infection. the patients were 8 boys and 3 girls. six of the 11 children were diagnosed as west syndrome (5 of the symptomatic type and 1 of the cryptogenic type). the remaining 5 children were myoclonic seizures. the patients became seizure free within 6 days following acute viral infections without an exchange or addition of antiepileptic drugs (aeds). the types of acute viral infections ...	2011	20144516
improved immunogenicity of biodegradable polymer particles entrapped rotavirus vaccine.	rotavirus (rv) entrapped in polylactide (pla) and polylactide-coglycolide (plga) polymer particles were formulated and evaluated in mice for improved immunogenicity using oral, intranasal (in), and intramuscular (im) routes of administration. microparticles of size ranges between 1 and 8 µm were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. stabilizers like mouse serum albumin, sucrose, and sodium bicarbonate that were used during particle formulation helped in minimizing the den ...	2011	20207774
comparing electron microscopy and a competitive blocking elisa in the detection of rotaviruses in porcine faeces.	analysis of 476 faecal samples from diarrhoeic piglets was performed using electron microscopy (em) and a competitive blocking (cb)-elisa based on monoclonal antibodies to the vp6 protein of group a rotavirus. rotavirus was detected by em and/or cb-elisa in 111 (23.3%) samples. of these, all groups of rotavirus were identified in 83 (74.8%) samples by em (em+), while group a rotavirus was identified in 90 (81.1%) samples by cb-elisa (elisa+). however, only 62 (55.9%) of samples were positive usi ...	2011	20036588
crystallographic analysis reveals octamerization of viroplasm matrix protein p9-1 of rice black streaked dwarf virus.	the p9-1 protein of rice black streaked dwarf virus accumulates in viroplasm inclusions, which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in viruses in the family reoviridae. crystallographic analysis of p9-1 revealed structural features that allow the protein to form dimers via hydrophobic interactions. each dimer has carboxy-terminal regions, resembling arms, that extend to neighboring dimers, thereby uniting sets of four dimers via later ...	2012	22072761
Rotavirus cerebellitis: new aspects to an old foe?	Rotavirus infection is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although infection primarily causes gastroenteritis and dehydration, systemic signs and neurologic manifestations in rotavirus infection are widely recognized. The pathophysiologic origins of neurologic signs in rotavirus infection remain incompletely understood. We present a 4-year-old girl with clinical features of severe cerebellitis in association with abnormalities detected on magnetic resonance imagi ...	2012	22196493
Impact of rotavirus vaccination on epidemiological dynamics in England and Wales.	Rotavirus infection causes severe gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children worldwide. Its disease burden has been reduced in countries where mass vaccination programs have been introduced. However, England and Wales have not yet implemented such a mass vaccination program. This paper uses a dynamic model to predict the effect of a mass vaccination program in England and Wales beginning in the fall of 2011. The dynamic model is parameterized with country-specific data for the introduction of a rotaviru ...	2012	22133508
Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in preventing cases and hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in Navarre, Spain.	Two rotavirus vaccines have been available since 2006. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these vaccines using a test-negative case-control design in Navarre, Spain. We included children 3-59 months of age who sought medical care for gastroenteritis and for whom stool samples were taken between January 2008 and June 2011. About 9% had received the pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq) and another 8% received the monovalent vaccine (Rotarix). Cases were the 756 children with confirmed rotavirus an ...	2012	22122860
Development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia in newborn infants after rotavirus infection.	We describe 5 preterm and 3 term infants who presented with seizures during rotavirus infection within 6 weeks after birth. Six of these infants developed late-onset cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Four of the preterm infants had neurodevelopmental delay, and 4 (near) term infants had normal early outcome.	2012	21982304
human myeloid dendritic cells treated with supernatants of rotavirus infected caco-2 cells induce a poor th1 response.	we have previously shown that human myeloid dendritic cells treated with purified rotavirus induce an allogenic th1 response. to determine if rotavirus in the context of an intestinal microenvironment modulates the function of dendritic cells, we treated these cells with supernatants from non-infected or infected caco-2 cells and studied their capacity to promote th1 or th2 responses. dendritic cells treated with supernatants from rotavirus-infected caco-2 cells promoted a significantly lower th ...	2012	22082567
rotavirus and biliary atresia: can causation be proven?	new knowledge on rotavirus infection in children and well established mouse models has renewed interest in whether rotavirus could cause biliary atresia, an idiopathic, obliterative infantile disease of bile ducts that is the primary indication for liver transplant in children.	2012	22123643
Detection and molecular characterization of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam.	Noroviruses (NoV) and sapoviruses (SaV) are recognized as important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and genetic variability of NoV and SaV were determined in hospitalized children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 501 fecal specimens collected between November-2007 and October-2008, that previously had been tested for rotavirus (RV), were tested for NoV and SaV by realtime RT-PCR. Positive samples were ge ...	2012	22170550
Rotavirus in adults requiring hospitalization.	To determine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus among adults admitted to the hospital with diarrhea that have bacterial stool cultures sent.	2012	21939687
Acute arthritis associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis: an unusual extraintestinal manifestation of a common enteric pathogen.		2012	22157276
Contribution of enteric infection, altered intestinal barrier function, and maternal malnutrition to infant malnutrition in bangladesh.	Background. Malnourished children are at increased risk for death due to diarrhea. Our goal was to determine the contribution of specific enteric infections to malnutrition-associated diarrhea and to determine the role of enteric infections in the development of malnutrition. Methods. Children from an urban slum in Bangladesh were followed for the first year of life by every-other-day home visits. Enteropathogens were identified in diarrheal and monthly surveillance stools; intestinal barrier fu ...	2012	22109945
a new pentameric structure of rotavirus nsp4 revealed by molecular replacement.	the region spanning residues 95-146 of the rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp4 from the asymptomatic human strain st3 has been purified and crystallized and diffraction data have been collected to a resolution of 2.6 å. several attempts to solve the structure by the molecular-replacement method using the available tetrameric structures of this domain were unsuccessful despite a sequence identity of 73% to the already known structures. a more systematic approach with a dimer as the search model ...	2012	22194333
Methods suitable for high-throughput screening of siRNAs and other chemical compounds with the potential to inhibit rotavirus replication.	Rotaviruses are an important cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under two years of age. Two vaccines have become recently available, however, there are no specific pharmacological interventions of rotavirus disease. Recently, libraries of siRNAs or libraries of chemical compounds that can be tested for their ability to inhibit biological processes have been developed. To search these libraries for drugs or siRNAs that may prevent rotavirus replication it is necessary to have methods for ...	2012	22115788
The management of acute diarrhea in children in developed and developing areas: from evidence base to clinical practice.	Introduction: Acute diarrhea remains a major problem in children and is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and costs. While vaccination against rotavirus could reduce the burden of the disease, the persistent impact of intestinal infections requires effective treatment in adjunct to oral rehydration solutions, to reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for acute diarrhea, but proof of efficacy is available for few of them, inclu ...	2012	22106840
sequence and phylogenetic analyses of nonstructural protein 2 genes of species b porcine rotaviruses detected in japan during 2001-2009.	porcine rotavirus b (rvb) has been often detected in diarrhea of suckling and weaned pigs. because it is difficult to serially cultivate rvbs in cell culture, the number of available sequence data for rna segments other than vp7 and nsp1 in especially porcine rvbs is still limited. we performed genetic analysis focusing on nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) using several porcine rvb strains, which were detected in diarrheic feces collected around japan during 2001-2009. comparison of nsp2 nucleotide ...	2012	22248642
efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis among american indian children.	background:: before the widespread use of rotavirus vaccines, rotavirus was a leading cause of gastroenteritis among children. navajo and white mountain apache children suffer a disproportionate burden of severe rotavirus disease compared with the general us population. methods:: we enrolled navajo and white mountain apache infants in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (prv). subjects received 3 doses of vaccine or plac ...	2012	22252206
safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the human rotavirus vaccine in pre-term european infants: a randomized phase iiib study.	background: rotavirus disease is more severe in pre-term infants than in full-term infants. this study assessed the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine, rix4414 in european pre-term infants. methods: 1009 pre-term infants were randomized (2:1; vaccine: placebo) and stratified into two groups: 20% of early [27-30 weeks; group 1] and 80% of late [31-36 weeks; group 2] gestational age pre-term infants in each group. two doses of rix4414/placebo were administered t ...	2012	22228231
genomic characterization of a cell-culture-adapted korean human g9p[8] rotavirus, cau05-202.	the human rotavirus g9 strain is the fifth most common rotavirus worldwide. a human rotavirus g9p[8] strain cau05-202 was isolated from a young child with diarrhea using a cell culture system, and its major gene sequences were determined. phylogenetic analysis of the vp7 gene revealed that cau05-202 clustered into genetic lineage iii-d and was most closely related to g9 rotaviruses from turkey (strain guh13) and sri lanka (strain 05slc056 and 05slc057). vp4 and nsp4 gene analysis showed that cau ...	2012	22274623
structural insights into the coupling of virion assembly and rotavirus replication.	viral replication is rapid and robust, but it is far from a chaotic process. instead, successful production of infectious progeny requires that events occur in the correct place and at the correct time. rotaviruses (segmented double-stranded rna viruses of the reoviridae family) seem to govern their replication through ordered disassembly and assembly of a triple-layered icosahedral capsid. in recent years, high-resolution structural data have provided unprecedented insight into these events. in ...	2012	22266782
evaluation of a multiplex real time reverse transcription pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of the most common human rotavirus genotypes.	group a rotaviruses (rvs) are important pathogens that cause acute, dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children. in this study, a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol using primers and taqman(®) probes specific for viral vp4 and vp7 genes was evaluated. this assay offers simultaneous genotyping and quantification of the most common rv genotypes g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8], and g9p[8]. it was compared to the molecular typing results provided by conventional pcr. ...	2012	22245180
bifidobacterium lactis bb12 enhances intestinal antibody response in formula-fed infants: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.	background: addition of probiotics to infant formula may positively affect immune function in nonexclusively breastfed infants. this study aimed to investigate the effect of infant starter formula containing the probiotic bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis (bb12) on intestinal immunity and inflammation. methods: six-week-old healthy, full-term infants (n = 172) were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial with 2 groups studied in parallel to a breas ...	2012	22237870
Clinical characteristics of obstructive uropathy associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in Japan.	Aims: Rotavirus gastroenteritis is severe and often results in dehydration and pre-renal azotemia. However, we have encountered four children with acute obstructive uropathy associated with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis, and several similar cases have been reported. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to clarify the epidemiology and clinical features of acute obstructive uropathy associated with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in Japanese children. Patients and methods: We sent questio ...	2012	22185968
Use of PCR-based assays for the detection of the adventitious agent porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in vaccines, and for confirming the identity of cell substrates and viruses used in vaccine production.	Safety and quality are important issues for vaccines. Whereas reversion to virulence poses a safety risk with live attenuated vaccines, the potential for the presence of adventitious agents is also an issue of vaccine quality. The recent detection or porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in human vaccines has further highlighted the importance of quality control in vaccine production. The purpose of this study was to use a novel conventional PCR to detect PCV1, and subsequently screen materials used ...	2012	22079617
enteric viral pathogens in children with inflammatory bowel disease.	the causes of exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) are unknown. the presence of rna of an enterovirus, norovirus gi, norovirus gii, rotavirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus was sought in stool samples of 50 children (median age 12.9 years) undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopies for ibd or its exclusion (crohn's disease n = 18, ulcerative colitis n = 13, indeterminate colitis n = 2, non-ibd n = 17). viral rna was found in three fecal samples (norovirus gii n = 2, sapovirus n = 1), all i ...	2012	22170557
clinical and molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection in childhood diarrhea in china.	a prospective investigation was carried out among pediatric outpatients and inpatients with acute non-dysenteric diarrhea between august, 2008 and july, 2009 in shanghai, hangzhou, chongqing, and tianjin, china. one step real-time rt-pcr was used for detection of norovirus (nov) genogroups i and ii (gi, gii). the nov genotypes were classified based on partial capsid sequences. rotavirus (rv) was detected in parallel. among 4,123 fecal samples from outpatients, 1,067 (25.9%) were nov-positive, of ...	2012	22028199