Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| detecting respiratory viral rna using expanded genetic alphabets and self-avoiding dna. | nucleic acid (na)-targeted tests detect and quantify viral dna and rna (collectively xna) to support epidemiological surveillance and, in individual patients, to guide therapy. they commonly use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription pcr. although these all have rapid turnaround, they are expensive to run. multiplexing would allow their cost to be spread over multiple targets, but often only with lower sensitivity and accuracy, noise, false positives, and false negatives; thes ... | 2015 | 26299645 |
| partial attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus with a deletion of a small hydrophobic gene is associated with elevated interleukin-1β responses. | the small hydrophobic (sh) gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of infant hospitalization, encodes a viroporin of unknown function. sh gene knockout virus (rsv δsh) is partially attenuated in vivo, but not in vitro, suggesting that the sh protein may have an immunomodulatory role. rsv δsh has been tested as a live attenuated vaccine in humans and cattle, and here we demonstrate that it protected against viral rechallenge in mice. we compared the immune response to infection w ... | 2015 | 26085154 |
| host proteome correlates of vaccine-mediated enhanced disease in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. despite over 50 years of research, to date no safe and efficacious rsv vaccine has been licensed. many experimental vaccination strategies failed to induce balanced t-helper (th) responses and were associated with adverse effects such as hypersensitivity and immunopathology upon challenge. in this study, we explored the well-established recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) rsv-f/rsv-g vaccination ... | 2015 | 25694607 |
| structural virology. near-atomic cryo-em structure of the helical measles virus nucleocapsid. | measles is a highly contagious human disease. we used cryo-electron microscopy and single particle-based helical image analysis to determine the structure of the helical nucleocapsid formed by the folded domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein encapsidating an rna at a resolution of 4.3 angstroms. the resulting pseudoatomic model of the measles virus nucleocapsid offers important insights into the mechanism of the helical polymerization of nucleocapsids of negative-strand rna viruses, in parti ... | 2015 | 25883315 |
| oral ribavirin for the treatment of noninfluenza respiratory viral infections: a systematic review. | to review clinical outcomes data for patients treated with oral ribavirin for noninfluenza respiratory viral infections (nirvis). | 2015 | 26228937 |
| anti-rsv prophylaxis efficacy for infants and young children with cystic fibrosis in ireland. | there is limited evidence supporting the routine use of palivizumab in paediatric cystic fibrosis (cf) patients to reduce respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and related hospitalisation. despite this, anti-rsv prophylaxis is increasingly common. this is the first report from ireland regarding palivizumab outcomes for children with cf, under 2 years old, despite the greatest prevalence of cf globally. | 2015 | 26473032 |
| incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults in rural thailand, 2006-2011: implications for pneumococcal vaccine considerations. | the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults is a key driver for the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine used among children. we sought to obtain more accurate incidence estimates among adults by including results of pneumococcal urine antigen testing (uat) from population-based pneumonia surveillance in two thai provinces. active surveillance from 2006 to 2011 identified acute lower respiratory infection (alri)-related hospital admissions. adult cases of pneumococcal pn ... | 2015 | 26503277 |
| knowledge gaps on paediatric respiratory infections in morocco, northern africa. | the burden of acute respiratory infections (ari) among moroccan children remains significant. however, scarce information is available regarding trends in its epidemiology and etiology, or regarding its associated prognostic factors. the purpose of this work was to review available data on the burden of ari among children under five years of age in morocco. | 2015 | 26078866 |
| detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory illnesses, chongqing, 2009-2013. | acute respiratory infections (aris) cause large disease burden each year. the codetection of viral and bacterial pathogens is quite common; however, the significance for clinical severity remains controversial. we aimed to identify viruses and bacteria in hospitalized children with ari and the impact of mixed detections.hospitalized children with ari aged ≤16 were recruited from 2009 to 2013 at the children's hospital of chongqing medical university, chongqing, china. nasopharyngeal aspirates (n ... | 2015 | 25906103 |
| ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase mediates nf-κb serine 276 phosphorylation and interferon expression via the irf7-rig-i amplification loop in paramyxovirus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a primary etiological agent of childhood lower respiratory tract disease. molecular patterns induced by active infection trigger a coordinated retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling response to induce inflammatory cytokines and antiviral mucosal interferons. recently, we discovered a nuclear oxidative stress-sensitive pathway mediated by the dna damage response protein, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm), in cytokine-induce ... | 2015 | 25520509 |
| murine immune responses to virus-like particle-associated pre- and postfusion forms of the respiratory syncytial virus f protein. | virus-like particles (vlps) built on the newcastle disease virus (ndv) core proteins, np and m, and containing two chimeric proteins, f/f and h/g, composed of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) and glycoprotein (g) ectodomains fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the ndv f and hn proteins, respectively, stimulate durable, protective rsv neutralizing antibodies in mice. here, we report the properties of vlps constructed to contain mutant rsv f protein ectodomain ... | 2015 | 25903340 |
| blunted inflammatory and mucosal iga responses to pneumonia virus of mice in c57bl/6 neonates are correlated to reduced protective immunity upon re-infection as elderly mice. | respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) causes similar disease in mice. the impact of pvm infection in balb/c and c57bl/6 neonates, and upon re-infection as elderly mice, was compared. as previously shown for adult mice, pvm caused more disease in balb/c than in c57bl/6 neonates. after pvm-15 infection balb/c neonates showed higher production of inflammatory mediators, more influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and higher ifn-α ... | 2015 | 26298860 |
| antiviral and antitumor activities of the lectin extracted from aspidistra elatior. | lectins, a group of highly diverse proteins of non-immune origin and are ubiquitously distributed in plants, animals and fungi, have multiple significant biological functions, such as anti-fungal, anti-viral and, most notably, anti-tumor activities. a lectin was purified from the rhizomes of aspidistra elatior blume, named a. elatior lectin (ael). in vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ael against the vesicular stomatitis virus, coxsackie virus b4, and respirat ... | 2015 | 25854839 |
| the caspase inhibitor zvad increases lung inflammation in pneumovirus infection in mice. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is a frequent cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) in young children, and is associated with marked lung epithelial injury and neutrophilic inflammation. experimental studies on ards have shown that inhibition of apoptosis in the lungs reduces lung epithelial injury. however, the blockade of apoptosis in the lungs may also have deleterious effects by hampering viral clearance, and importantly, by enhancing or prolonging local proinf ... | 2015 | 25780096 |
| bronchiolitis associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants in suzhou china between 2010 and 2012. | viruses cause most cases of bronchiolitis in infants; consequently the importance of other agents such as mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) in the etiology of bronchiolitis may not be fully recognized. we investigated the prevalence and seasonal distribution of bronchiolitis caused by mp in 674 children admitted to the children's hospital affiliated with soochow university from january 2010 to december 2012. the presence of mp was confirmed by real-time pcr. during the 3 years, we identified mp in 17.2 ... | 2015 | 25597274 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in healthy infants. | despite the research importance of rhinovirus detection in asymptomatic healthy infants, the literature remains sparse. | 2015 | 26608824 |
| [pathogen detection of 1 613 cases of hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia]. | to investigate the distribution of pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (cap) from the chongqing area. | 2015 | 26575877 |
| protection conferred by virus-like particle vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice by intranasal vaccination. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major pathogen in infants and the elderly, causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis. despite decades of research, to date there is still no approved rsv vaccine available. in this study, we developed rsv virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines containing an rsv fusion (f) and/or attachment (g) protein with newcastle disease virus (ndv) as the platform. the vlps were expressed in a baculovirus system and purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. balb/c mice immuniz ... | 2015 | 25933187 |
| protein-protein interactions of viroporins in coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses: new targets for antivirals? | viroporins are members of a rapidly growing family of channel-forming small polypeptides found in viruses. the present review will be focused on recent structural and protein-protein interaction information involving two viroporins found in enveloped viruses that target the respiratory tract; (i) the envelope protein in coronaviruses and (ii) the small hydrophobic protein in paramyxoviruses. deletion of these two viroporins leads to viral attenuation in vivo, whereas data from cell culture shows ... | 2015 | 26053927 |
| viruses detected by systematic multiplex polymerase chain reaction in adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia attending emergency departments in france. | infectious agents associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) are under-studied. this study attempted to identify viruses from the upper respiratory tract in adults visiting emergency departments for clinically suspected cap. adults with suspected cap enrolled in the escaped study (impact of computed tomography on cap diagnosis) had prospective nasopharyngeal (np) samples studied by multiplex pcr (targeting 15 viruses and four intracellular bacteria). an adjudication committee composed of ... | 2015 | 25704448 |
| severe acute respiratory illness deaths in sub-saharan africa and the role of influenza: a case series from 8 countries. | data on causes of death due to respiratory illness in africa are limited. | 2015 | 25712970 |
| epidemiology of viral-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection among children <5 years of age in a high hiv prevalence setting, south africa, 2009-2012. | data on the epidemiology of viral-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) from high hiv prevalence settings are limited. we aimed to describe lrti hospitalizations among south african children aged <5 years. | 2015 | 25093972 |
| etiology and factors associated with pneumonia in children under 5 years of age in mali: a prospective case-control study. | there are very limited data on children with pneumonia in mali. the objective was to assess the etiology and factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children <5 years of age in mali. | 2015 | 26696249 |
| adenovirus species c detection in children under four years of age with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing. | lower respiratory tract viral infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. among viral etiological agents the human adenovirus (adv) has been associated to mild or severe respiratory tract infection. | 2015 | 26580407 |
| incidence of viral respiratory infections in a prospective cohort of outpatient and hospitalized children aged ≤5 years and its associated cost in buenos aires, argentina. | although information about the incidence of viral respiratory illnesses and their associated cost can help health officials explore the value of interventions, data are limited from middle-income countries. | 2015 | 26497393 |
| epidemiological and clinical profiles of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized neonates in suzhou, china. | this study was designed to explore the epidemiological and clinical profiles of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in neonates from the suzhou area of china, taking into consideration how climate factors influence disease. | 2015 | 26470889 |
| cross-immunity between strains explains the dynamical pattern of paramyxoviruses. | viral respiratory tract diseases pose serious public health problems. our ability to predict and thus, be able to prepare for outbreaks is strained by the complex factors driving the prevalence and severity of these diseases. the abundance of diseases and transmission dynamics of strains are not only affected by external factors, such as weather, but also driven by interactions among viruses mediated by human behavior and immunity. to untangle the complex out-of-phase annual and biennial pattern ... | 2015 | 26460003 |
| aetiological role of common respiratory viruses in acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | acute lower respiratory infection (alri) remains a major cause of childhood hospitalization and mortality in young children and the causal attribution of respiratory viruses in the aetiology of alri is unclear. we aimed to quantify the absolute effects of these viral exposures. | 2015 | 26445672 |
| viral respiratory tract infections in adult patients attending outpatient and emergency departments, taiwan, 2012-2013: a pcr/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study. | viral etiologies of respiratory tract infections (rtis) have been less studied in adult than in pediatric populations. furthermore, the ability of pcr/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-ms) to detect enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in respiratory samples has not been well evaluated. we sought to use pcr/esi-ms to comprehensively investigate the viral epidemiology of adult rtis, including testing for rhinoviruses and enteroviruses. nasopharyngeal or throat swabs from 267 adults wit ... | 2015 | 26402811 |
| viral etiology in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. | acute bronchiolitis is predominantly a viral disease. respiratory syncytial virus is the most common agent, but other newly identified viruses have also been considered as causes. the aim of the present study is to determine the respiratory viruses causing acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants. infants younger than 2 years of age who were hospitalized for acute viral bronchiolitis in a children's hospital between november 2011 and may 2012 were evaluated for the presence of viruses as etio ... | 2015 | 26388588 |
| prospective evaluation of rapid antigen tests for diagnosis of respiratory viral pathogens. | acute respiratory infection is a frequently transmitted illness of concern to doctors and patients. considering its airborne transmission, early diagnosis of such disease is particularly important. this study explored respiratory viral infections with influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, coronavirus, and other early diagnostic substances as confirmed by literature resources. this study also used the corresponding monoclonal an ... | 2015 | 26293052 |
| analytical performance of the automated multianalyte point-of-care maripoc® for the detection of respiratory viruses. | the analytical performance of maripoc® respi test (arcdia® laboratories, turku, finland) was evaluated using nucleic acid amplification techniques (naats) as the gold standard. the maripoc assay allows automated detection of antigens from 8 respiratory viruses: influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1-3. positive results from samples with high viral load are available in 20min. nasopharyngeal aspirates (n=192) from pat ... | 2015 | 26283523 |
| generation of monoclonal antibodies specific of the postfusion conformation of the pneumovirinae fusion (f) protein. | paramyxovirus entry into cells requires fusion of the viral and cell membranes mediated by one of the major virus glycoproteins, the fusion (f) glycoprotein which transits from a metastable pre-fusion conformation to a highly stable post-fusion structure during the membrane fusion process. f protein refolding involves large conformational changes of the protein trimer. one of these changes results in assembly of two heptad repeat sequences (hra and hrb) from each protomer into a six-helix bundle ... | 2015 | 26275682 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus in children with lower respiratory tract infections or influenza-like illness and its co-infection characteristics with viruses and atypical bacteria in hangzhou, china. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral pathogen in children. however, its epidemic patterns and co-infection characteristics are not fully understood. | 2015 | 26209367 |
| role of nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in acute symptoms of young children. | the spectrum of acute symptoms in young outpatient children with respiratory tract infection (rti) is variable, and it cannot be explained by the diagnosis of acute otitis media (aom) versus uncomplicated rti. we studied that the variation of symptoms is explained by the nasopharyngeal bacteria and/or respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 26164848 |
| respiratory viral detections during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods in young andean children. | viruses are commonly detected in children with acute respiratory illnesses (aris) and in asymptomatic children. longitudinal studies of viral detections during asymptomatic periods surrounding ari could facilitate interpretation of viral detections but are currently scant. | 2015 | 26121205 |
| a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody exhibits in vivo efficacy against both human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with significant morbidity and mortality. no licensed vaccines or therapeutic agents exist. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are effective at preventing other infectious diseases and could be used against hmpv in high-risk hosts. | 2015 | 24864121 |
| detection of respiratory tract pathogens with molecular biology methods. | this paper describes the use in routine diagnosis of virological kit, which was designed to identify the 15 most common respiratory viruses in clinical specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirates, swabs, and bronchoalveolar lavage. it is a one-step multiplex rt-pcr system for the detection of influenza virus type a and type b, human respiratory syncytial virus type a, b; human adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses 229e/nl63 and oc43, human parainfluenza type 1, 2, 3, human rhinovirus ... | 2015 | 25252894 |
| blood mxa protein as a marker for respiratory virus infections in young children. | type i interferon induced mxa response can differentiate viral from bacterial infections, but mxa responses in rhinovirus or asymptomatic virus infections are not known. | 2015 | 25542463 |
| rapid and generic identification of influenza a and other respiratory viruses with mass spectrometry. | the rapid identification of existing and emerging respiratory viruses is crucial in combating outbreaks and epidemics. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is a rapid and reliable identification method in bacterial diagnostics, but has not been used in virological diagnostics. mass spectrometry systems have been investigated for the identification of respiratory viruses. however, sample preparation methods were laborious and time-consuming. ... | 2015 | 25500183 |
| occurrence of virus-induced copd exacerbations during four seasons. | in this study, we investigated the occurrence of viral infections in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) during four seasons. viral infections were detected by the use of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on pharyngeal swabs. during a 12-month period pharyngeal swabs were obtained in 136 exacerbations of 63 patients. in 35 exacerbations (25.7%) a viral infection was detected. most viral infections occurred in the winter (n = 14, 40.0%), fol ... | 2015 | 25426994 |
| community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among u.s. children. | incidence estimates of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia among children in the united states that are based on prospective data collection are limited. updated estimates of pneumonia that has been confirmed radiographically and with the use of current laboratory diagnostic tests are needed. | 2015 | 25714161 |
| differential mucin expression by respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infection in human epithelial cells. | mucins (muc) constitute an important component of the inflammatory and innate immune response. however, the expression of these molecules by respiratory viral infections is still largely unknown. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are two close-related paramyxoviruses that can cause severe low respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. currently, there is not vaccine available for neither virus. in this work, we explored the differential ex ... | 2015 | 25977598 |
| association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in botswana. | the highest incidence of childhood acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) is in low- and middle-income countries. few studies examined whether detection of respiratory viruses predicts alri outcomes in these settings. | 2015 | 25973924 |
| premature infants have impaired airway antiviral ifnγ responses to human metapneumovirus compared to respiratory syncytial virus. | it is unknown why human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause severe respiratory infection in children, particularly in premature infants. our aim was to investigate if there are defective airway antiviral responses to these viruses in young children with history of prematurity. | 2015 | 26086642 |
| oseltamivir in influenza outbreaks in care homes: challenges and benefits of use in the real world. | respiratory virus infections, including influenza, are an important cause of potentially avoidable hospital admissions in the elderly. although recent reviews have questioned the efficacy of oseltamivir in the prevention of transmission, it has been a central part of the authors' strategy to manage outbreaks in residential homes. | 2015 | 26071039 |
| what is the added benefit of oropharyngeal swabs compared to nasal swabs alone for respiratory virus detection in hospitalized children aged <10 years? | we evaluated the added value of collecting both nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, compared with collection of nasal swabs alone, for detection of common respiratory viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in hospitalized children aged <10 years. nasal swabs had equal or greater sensitivity than oropharyngeal swabs for detection of respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, and influenza virus but not parainfluenza virus. the addition of an orophar ... | 2015 | 25943205 |
| clinical and virological characteristics of early and moderate preterm infants readmitted with viral respiratory infections. | rehospitalization of children born prematurely (referred to as preterm children) caused by severe respiratory infections is common. most studies have focused on respiratory syncytial virus infection. we designed a study to determine the virological and clinical characteristics of severe respiratory infections of children born early (<32 weeks) and moderate preterm (32 to 36 weeks), and compared them with full term (ft; ≥37 weeks) children who were subsequently admitted with respiratory illness. | 2015 | 25923427 |
| severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in kenya, 2007-2011. | reducing acute respiratory infection burden in children in africa remains a major priority and challenge. we analyzed data from population-based infectious disease surveillance for severe acute respiratory illness (sari) among children <5 years of age in kibera, a densely populated urban slum in nairobi, kenya. | 2015 | 25879805 |
| [clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia]. | to evaluate the clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2015 | 25877241 |
| direct multiplexed whole genome sequencing of respiratory tract samples reveals full viral genomic information. | acute respiratory tract infections (rti) cause substantial morbidity during childhood, and are responsible for the majority of pediatric infectious diseases. although most acute rti are thought to be of viral origin, viral etiology is still unknown in a significant number of cases. | 2015 | 25866327 |
| clinical outcomes associated with respiratory virus detection before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. | the management of respiratory virus infections prior to hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) is difficult. we examined whether respiratory virus detection before hct influenced the requirement for bronchoscopy, hospitalization, and overall survival following hct. | 2015 | 25847977 |
| viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in a children's referral hospital in iran. | viruses are considered major causes of acute respiratory tract infections among children under 5 years old. in this study we investigated the prevalence of three respiratory viruses--respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus (inf) and adenovirus (adv)--among hospitalized children with acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children under five who had been hospitalized for lrtis. the clinical data, including demographic data ( ... | 2015 | 25818953 |
| comparison of bronchiolitis of human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus. | 2015 | 25790057 | |
| etiology of pediatric fever in western kenya: a case-control study of falciparum malaria, respiratory viruses, and streptococcal pharyngitis. | in kenya, more than 10 million episodes of acute febrile illness are treated annually among children under 5 years. most are clinically managed as malaria without parasitological confirmation. there is an unmet need to describe pathogen-specific etiologies of fever. we enrolled 370 febrile children and 184 healthy controls. we report demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with plasmodium falciparum, group a streptococcal (gas) pharyngitis, and respiratory viruses (influenza a and b ... | 2015 | 25758648 |
| poor outcome of acute respiratory infection in young children with underlying health condition in brazil. | it is well established that respiratory viruses are an important cause of hospitalizations in young children worldwide, but data are limited on the contribution of specific viruses to severe illness in south america. we describe clinical and laboratory findings from prospective surveillance for acute respiratory infections at a tertiary hospital in são paulo, brazil. | 2015 | 25747778 |
| role of hydrogen sulfide in paramyxovirus infections. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) is an endogenous gaseous mediator that has gained increasing recognition as an important player in modulating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. however, its role in virus-induced lung inflammation is currently unknown. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children for which no vaccine or effective treatment is available. using the slow-releasing h2s donor gyy4137 and propargylglycin (pag), an inhibitor ... | 2015 | 25740991 |
| serologic cross-reactions between nucleocapsid proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) share virologic and epidemiologic features and cause clinically similar respiratory illness predominantly in young children. in a previous study of acute febrile respiratory illness in bangladesh, we tested paired serum specimens from 852 children presenting fever and cough for diagnostic increases in titers of antibody to hrsv and hmpv by enzyme immunoassay (eia). unexpectedly, of 93 serum pairs that showed a ≥ 4-fold inc ... | 2015 | 25740767 |
| the pneumovirinae fusion (f) protein: a common target for vaccines and antivirals. | the pneumovirinae fusion (f) protein mediates fusion of the virus and cell membrane, an essential step for entry of the viral genome in the cell cytoplasm and initiation of a new infectious cycle. accordingly, potent inhibitors of virus infectivity have been found among antibodies and chemical compounds that target the pneumovirinae f protein. recent developments in structure-based vaccines have led to a deeper understanding of f protein antigenicity, unveiling new conformations and epitopes whi ... | 2015 | 25738581 |
| detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea. | early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (osa). we hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with osa. therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with osa, and in children without osa (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (ri)). | 2015 | 24574078 |
| hospital outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) illness in immunocompromised hospitalized children during summer. | the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a community-acquired virus that mainly causes acute respiratory tract infection in infants and children. hrsv is increasingly recognized as an important nosocomial pathogen causing morbidity in immunocompromised patients. here, we are reporting a hospital outbreak of hrsv during summer in children receiving chemotherapy for haematological malignancies. prompt detection and timely preventive measures could abort the devastating outbreak. | 2015 | 24521518 |
| comparison of human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus respiratory tract infections in young children admitted to hospital. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and rhinoviruses (rv) are frequent causes of respiratory tract infections in young children. we compared laboratory and clinical findings in children with comparable age distribution and hospitalized due to rsv, hmpv or rv infections. viral pathogens were detected by a quantitative real time pcr from nasopharyngeal aspirates. no significant differences in the admission diagnosis, laboratory parameters, patient demographics and trea ... | 2015 | 25074284 |
| impact of a rapid respiratory panel test on patient outcomes. | evolution of polymerase chain reaction testing for infectious pathogens has occurred concurrent with a focus on value-based medicine. | 2015 | 25152311 |
| recent vaccine development for human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus, its close family member, are two major causes of lower respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. hmpv is also a common cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and older adults. repeated infections occur often, demonstrating a heavy medical burden. however, there is currently no hmpv-specific prevention treatment. this review focuses on the current literature on hmpv vaccine development. ... | 2015 | 25667325 |
| diagnosis of community-acquired acute respiratory illness: from conventional microbiological methods to molecular detection (multiplex). | investigations of the etiologic agents of community-acquired acute respiratory illness may lead to better treatment decisions and patient outcomes. in a routine care setting, we assessed the diagnostic performance of a multiplex pcr assay with respect to conventional microbiological methods, in a continuous series of adult cases of community-acquired acute respiratory illness. we enrolled 279 adult patients hospitalised for community-acquired acute respiratory illness at tours university hospita ... | 2015 | 25596173 |
| attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) expressing the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as a bivalent hpiv1/rsv vaccine. | live attenuated recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 1 (rhpiv1) was investigated as a vector to express the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein, to provide a bivalent vaccine against rsv and hpiv1. the rsv f gene was engineered to include hpiv1 transcription signals and inserted individually into three gene locations in each of the two attenuated rhpiv1 backbones. each backbone contained a single previously described attenuating mutation that was stabilized against de ... | 2015 | 26223633 |
| regulation of viral rna synthesis by the v protein of parainfluenza virus 5. | paramyxoviruses include many important animal and human pathogens. the genome of parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5), a prototypical paramyxovirus, encodes a v protein that inhibits viral rna synthesis. in this work, the mechanism of inhibition was investigated. using mutational analysis and a minigenome system, we identified regions in the n and c termini of the v protein that inhibit viral rna synthesis: one at the very n terminus of v and the second at the c terminus of v. furthermore, we determined ... | 2015 | 26378167 |
| epidemiology and clinical outcome of lower respiratory tract infections by respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza virus type 3 in adults receiving treatment for either acute leukemia or severe aplastic anemia: a retrospective single center study. | 2015 | 26204825 | |
| enhanced neutralizing antibody response induced by respiratory syncytial virus prefusion f protein expressed by a vaccine candidate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are the first and second leading viral agents of severe respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. vaccines are not available, and an rsv vaccine is particularly needed. a live attenuated chimeric recombinant bovine/human piv3 (rb/hpiv3) vector expressing the rsv fusion (f) glycoprotein from an added gene has been under development as a bivalent vaccine against rsv and hpiv3. previous clinical ... | 2015 | 26157122 |
| heparin octasaccharide decoy liposomes inhibit replication of multiple viruses. | heparan sulfate (hs) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan that serves as a cellular attachment site for a number of significant human pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3), and herpes simplex virus (hsv). decoy receptors can target pathogens by binding to the receptor pocket on viral attachment proteins, acting as 'molecular sinks' and preventing the pathogen from binding to susceptible host cells. decoy receptors functionalized with hs could bi ... | 2015 | 25637710 |
| hospitalization incidence, mortality, and seasonality of common respiratory viruses over a period of 15 years in a developed subtropical city. | information on respiratory viruses in subtropical region is limited.incidence, mortality, and seasonality of influenza (flu) a/b, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus (adv), and parainfluenza viruses (piv) 1/2/3 in hospitalized patients were assessed over a 15-year period (1998-2012) in hong kong.male predominance and laterally transversed j-shaped distribution in age-specific incidence was observed. incidence of flu a, rsv, and piv decreased sharply from infants to toddlers; whereas fl ... | 2015 | 26579810 |
| [human respiratory syncytial virus, genotype ontario]. | 2015 | 26928507 | |
| identification of a human respiratory syncytial virus cell entry inhibitor by using a novel lentiviral pseudotype system. | lentiviral budding is governed by group-specific antigens (gag proteins) and proceeds in the absence of cognate viral envelope proteins, which has been exploited to create pseudotypes incorporating envelope proteins from nonlentiviral families. here, we report the generation of infectious lentiviral pseudoparticles incorporating human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) f protein alone (hrsv-fpp) or carrying sh, g, and f proteins (hrsv-sh/g/fpp). these particles recapitulate key infection steps o ... | 2015 | 26719246 |
| rsv-specific airway resident memory cd8+ t cells and differential disease severity after experimental human infection. | in animal models, resident memory cd8+ t (trm) cells assist in respiratory virus elimination but their importance in man has not been determined. here, using experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we investigate systemic and local virus-specific cd8+ t-cell responses in adult volunteers. having defined the immunodominance hierarchy, we analyse phenotype and function longitudinally in blood and by serial bronchoscopy. despite rapid clinical recovery, we note surprisingly ... | 2015 | 26687547 |
| antiviral effect of emodin from rheum palmatum against coxsakievirus b5 and human respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. | viral infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people and young children throughout the world. the most common pathogens include coxsackie virus (cv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). however, no antiviral agents with low toxicity and drug resistance are currently available in clinic therapy. the present study aimed to examine the antiviral activities of emodin (an ingredient of rheum palmatum) against cvb5 and rsv infections, in an attempt to discover new antiv ... | 2015 | 26670446 |
| retrospective phylogenetic analysis of circulating ba genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus with 60 bp duplication from new delhi, india during 2007-2010. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the most common viral pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. the g protein of hrsv is the trans-membrane glycoprotein that is involved in the attachment of virion with the host cell. the nasopharyngeal aspirates were subjected to rt-pcr for the second hypervariable region of the g protein gene in the present investigation. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the study strains clustered with ... | 2015 | 26645038 |
| kinetics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) memphis strain 37 (m37) infection in the respiratory tract of newborn lambs as an rsv infection model for human infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in preterm and newborn infants can result in severe bronchiolitis and hospitalization. the lamb lung has several key features conducive to modeling rsv infection in human infants, including susceptibility to human strains of rsv such as the a2, long, and memphis strain 37 (m37). in this study, the kinetics of m37 infection was investigated in newborn lambs in order to better define clinical, viral, physiological, and immunological parameters as well as ... | 2015 | 26641081 |
| effect of hypogammaglobulinemia on the incidence of community-acquired respiratory viral infections after lung transplantation. | hypogammaglobulinemia (hgg) has been associated with an increased risk of infectious complications in lung transplant recipients, but its effect specifically on community-acquired respiratory viruses (carvs) remains unknown. this study aimed to determine if lung transplant recipients with hgg are at an increased risk of developing carv infection. secondary endpoints included the effect of hgg on lung function, incidence of rejection, and mortality. | 2015 | 23747186 |
| single, dual and multiple respiratory virus infections and risk of hospitalization and mortality. | respiratory virus infections cause a significant number of hospitalization and deaths globally. this study investigated the association between single and multiple respiratory virus infections and risk of admission to a general ward, intensive care unit or death in patients aged 0-105 years (mean ± s.d. = 24·4 ± 24·1 years), from north west england, that were tested for respiratory virus infections between january 2007 and june 2012. the majority of infections were in children aged ⩽5 years. dua ... | 2015 | 24568719 |
| sendai virus recombinant vaccine expressing a secreted, unconstrained respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein protects against rsv in cotton rats. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for as many as 199000 annual deaths worldwide. currently, there is no standard treatment for rsv disease and no vaccine. sendai virus (sev) is an attractive pediatric vaccine candidate because it elicits robust and long-lasting virus-specific b cell and t cell activities in systemic and mucosal tissues. the virus serves as a gene delivery system as well as a jennerian vaccine against its close cousin, human parainfluenza virus type 1. here we ... | 2015 | 25477211 |
| incidence and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infections among children in the remote highlands of peru. | the disease burden and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (mpv) infections among children living in remote, rural areas remain unclear. | 2015 | 26107630 |
| vaccination with human papillomavirus pseudovirus-encapsidated plasmids targeted to skin using microneedles. | human papilloma virus-like particles (hpv vlp) serve as the basis of the current licensed vaccines for hpv. we have previously shown that encapsidation of dna expressing the model antigen m/m2 from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hpv pseudovirions (psv) is immunogenic when delivered intravaginally. because the hpv capsids confer tropism for basal epithelium, they represent attractive carriers for vaccination targeted to the skin using microneedles. in this study we asked: 1) whether hpv16 v ... | 2015 | 25785935 |
| presentation of severe combined immunodeficiency with respiratory syncytial virus and pneumocystis co-infection. | severe combined immunodeficiency can cause severe, life-threatening viral, bacterial and fungal infections at an early age. we report a case of a 4-month-old boy with co-infection by respiratory syncytial virus and pneumocystis jiroveci infection that led to recognition of severe combined immunodeficiency. | 2015 | 25247585 |
| cotton rat immune responses to virus-like particles containing the pre-fusion form of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | virus-like particles (vlps) based on newcastle disease virus (ndv) core proteins, m and np, and containing two chimera proteins, f/f and h/g, composed of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) and glycoprotein (g) ectodomains fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the ndv f and hn proteins, respectively, stimulate durable, protective anti-rsv neutralizing antibodies in mice. furthermore, immunization of mice with a vlp containing a f/f chimera protein with modifi ... | 2015 | 26541285 |
| [distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and its relationship with clinical features in children with community-acquired pneumonia]. | to study the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms in different genders, age groups and seasons in children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and the relationship between the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and clinical features. | 2015 | 26483223 |
| development of next-generation respiratory virus vaccines through targeted modifications to viral immunomodulatory genes. | vaccines represent one of the greatest contributions of the scientific community to global health. yet, many pathogens remain either unchallenged or inadequately hindered by commercially available vaccines. respiratory viruses pose distinct and difficult challenges due to their ability to rapidly spread, adapt, and modify the host immune response. considerable research has been directed to understand the role of respiratory virus immunomodulatory proteins and how they influence the host immune r ... | 2015 | 26434947 |
| prospective comparison of rt-pcr/esi-ms to prodesse proflu plus and cepheid genxpert for the detection of influenza a and b viruses. | rt-pcr/esi-ms has previously demonstrated the capability to detect and identify respiratory viral pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs. this study expands on previous research by performing a prospective evaluation of rt-pcr/esi-ms to detect and identify influenza a and b viruses compared to prodesse proflu plus and combined proflu plus and cepheid xpert flu. proflu plus was also used as a gold standard for comparison for respiratory syncytial virus detection. using proflu plus as a gold standard, ... | 2015 | 25681525 |
| mucosal delivery of a vectored rsv vaccine is safe and elicits protective immunity in rodents and nonhuman primates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. no vaccine is presently available to address this major unmet medical need. we generated a new genetic vaccine based on chimpanzee adenovirus (panad3-rsv) and modified vaccinia ankara rsv (mva-rsv) encoding the f, n, and m2-1 proteins of rsv, for the induction of neutralizing antibodies and broad cellular immunity. because rsv infection is restricted to the respiratory tract, we compare ... | 2015 | 26015988 |
| safety and immunogenicity of novel respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines based on the rsv viral proteins f, n and m2-1 encoded by simian adenovirus (panad3-rsv) and mva (mva-rsv); protocol for an open-label, dose-escalation, single-centre, phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes respiratory disease throughout life, with infants and the elderly at risk of severe disease and death. rsv001 is a phase 1 (first-in-man), open-label, dose-escalation, clinical trial of novel genetic viral-vectored vaccine candidates panad3-rsv and modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva)-rsv. the objective of rsv001 is to characterise the (primary objective) safety and (secondary objective) immunogenicity of these vaccines in healthy younger and ol ... | 2015 | 26510727 |
| efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based tuberculosis vaccines in mice. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (tb), is an important human pathogen. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), a live, attenuated variant of mycobacterium bovis, is currently the only available tb vaccine despite its low efficacy against the infectious pulmonary form of the disease in adults. thus, a more-effective tb vaccine is needed. parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5), a paramyxovirus, has several characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine vector. it is safe, inexpe ... | 2015 | 26552000 |
| mumps virus is released from the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells, and the release is facilitated by a rab11-mediated transport system. | mumps virus (muv) is an airborne virus that causes a systemic infection in patients. in vivo, the epithelium is a major replication site of muv, and thus, the mode of muv infection of epithelial cells is a subject of interest. our data in the present study showed that muv entered polarized epithelial cells via both the apical and basolateral surfaces, while progeny viruses were predominantly released from the apical surface. in polarized cells, intracellular transport of viral ribonucleoprotein ... | 2015 | 26378159 |
| viral infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory illness during the 2012-2013 influenza season. | while it is known that acute respiratory illness (ari) is caused by an array of viruses, less is known about co-detections and the resultant comparative symptoms and illness burden. this study examined the co-detections, the distribution of viruses, symptoms, and illness burden associated with ari between december 2012 and march 2013. | 2015 | 25887948 |
| chimpanzee adenovirus- and mva-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory infection in annual epidemics, with infants and the elderly at particular risk of developing severe disease and death. however, despite its importance, no vaccine exists. the chimpanzee adenovirus, panad3-rsv, and modified vaccinia virus ankara, mva-rsv, are replication-defective viral vectors encoding the rsv fusion (f), nucleocapsid (n), and matrix (m2-1) proteins for the induction of humoral and cellular responses. we performed an open-labe ... | 2015 | 26268313 |
| high prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in hajj pilgrims returning to ghana, 2013. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012 on the arabian peninsula and has caused severe respiratory disease with more than 800 laboratory-confirmed cases. the return of infected pilgrims to their home countries with a putative spread of mers-cov necessitates further surveillance. | 2015 | 25688471 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of strictosamide derivatives with improved antiviral and antiproliferative activities. | a series of novel derivatives of strictosamide were synthesized and biologically evaluated. most of the new compounds exhibited improved activities than the parent compound strictosamide. among them, compounds ib and if possessed antiviral activities against influenza a virus (a/jinan/15/90) with ic50 values of 4.12 and 12.35 μg/ml, respectively. compound ie possessed antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with an ic50 value of 9.58 μg/ml. both compounds iic and iid had mod ... | 2015 | 25589048 |
| comparison of xtag respiratory virus panel and verigene respiratory virus plus for detecting influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | nucleic acid amplification tests have allowed simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 24796703 |
| new epidemiological and clinical signatures of 18 pathogens from respiratory tract infections based on a 5-year study. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are a heavy burden on society. however, due to the complex etiology of rtis, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections remain challenging, especially in developing countries. | 2015 | 26406339 |
| modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin d. | vitamin d deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ari) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin d supplementation for prevention of ari has demonstrated protective effects. several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin d metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. | 2015 | 26035247 |
| review of non-bacterial infections in respiratory medicine: viral pneumonia. | although bacteria are the main pathogens involved in community-acquired pneumonia, a significant number of community-acquired pneumonia are caused by viruses, either directly or as part of a co-infection. the clinical picture of these different pneumonias can be very similar, but viral infection is more common in the pediatric and geriatric populations, leukocytes are not generally elevated, fever is variable, and upper respiratory tract symptoms often occur; procalcitonin levels are not general ... | 2015 | 25957460 |
| one-year prospective study of community acquired influenza and parainfluenza viral infections in hospitalized egyptian children with malignancy: single center experience. | respiratory viruses are widespread in the community and easily transmitted to immunocompromised patients. | 2015 | 25871509 |