Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
long-term effects on luminal and mucosal microbiota and commonly acquired taxa in faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection.faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). it restores the disrupted intestinal microbiota and subsequently suppresses c. difficile. the long-term stability of the intestinal microbiota and the recovery of mucosal microbiota, both of which have not been previously studied, are assessed herein. further, the specific bacteria behind the treatment efficacy are also investigated.201627724956
fecal microbiota transplantation by freeze-dried oral capsules for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. 201627822485
fecal transplantation indications in ulcerative colitis. preliminary study.fecal microbiota transplantation is used with success in persistent (more than two episodes) clostridium difficile infection; it has also gained importance and started to be used in inflammatory bowel disease. there are theoretical arguments that justify its use in ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease. based on our clinical cases we tried to evaluate the indications of fecal microbiota transplantation young patients with ulcerative colitis and multiple relapses, in which biological or immunosup ...201627152073
use of single molecule sequencing for comparative genomics of an environmental and a clinical isolate of clostridium difficile ribotype 078.how the pathogen clostridium difficile might survive, evolve and be transferred between reservoirs within the natural environment is poorly understood. some ribotypes are found both in clinical and environmental settings. whether these strains are distinct from each another and evolve in the specific environments is not established. the possession of a highly mobile genome has contributed to the genetic diversity and ongoing evolution of c. difficile. interpretations of genetic diversity have be ...201627964731
heat shock increases conjugation efficiency in clostridium difficile.clostridium difficile infection has increased in incidence and severity over the past decade, and poses a unique threat to human health. however, genetic manipulation of c. difficile remains in its infancy and the bacterium remains relatively poorly characterised. low-efficiency conjugation is currently the only available method for transfer of plasmid dna into c. difficile. this is practically limiting and has slowed progress in understanding this important pathogen. conjugation efficiency vari ...201627377776
evaluation and selection of bacillus species based on enzyme production, antimicrobial activity, and biofilm synthesis as direct-fed microbial candidates for poultry.social concern about misuse of antibiotics as growth promoters (agp) and generation of multidrug-resistant bacteria have restricted the dietary inclusion of antibiotics in livestock feed in several countries. direct-fed microbials (dfm) are one of the multiple alternatives commonly evaluated as substitutes of agp. sporeformer bacteria from the genus bacillus have been extensively investigated because of their extraordinary properties to form highly resistant endospores, produce antimicrobial com ...201627812526
the type b flagellin of hypervirulent clostridium difficile is modified with novel sulfonated peptidylamido-glycans.glycosylation of flagellins is a well recognized property of many bacterial species. in this study, we describe the structural characterization of novel flagellar glycans from a number of hypervirulent strains of c. difficile we used mass spectrometry (nano-lc-ms and ms/ms analysis) to identify a number of putative glycopeptides that carried a variety of glycoform substitutions, each of which was linked through an initial n-acetylhexosamine residue to ser or thr. detailed analysis of a lldgsstei ...201627758867
role of glycosyltransferases modifying type b flagellin of emerging hypervirulent clostridium difficile lineages and their impact on motility and biofilm formation.clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. the pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type a or type b o-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. we study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type b flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent c. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. we reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flag ...201627703012
dissimilar fitness associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones influences clonal dynamics of various multiresistant bacteria.fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones was recently shown to vary across clones of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae. the resulting dissimilar fitness should have influenced the clonal dynamics and thereby the rates of resistance for these pathogens. moreover, a similar mechanism was recently proposed for the emergence of the h30 and h30r lineages of esbl-producing e. coli and the major international ...201627458434
synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of amixicile-based inhibitors of the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductases of anaerobic bacteria and epsilonproteobacteria.amixicile is a promising derivative of nitazoxanide (an antiparasitic therapeutic) developed to treat systemic infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic parasites, and members of the epsilonproteobacteria (campylobacter and helicobacter). amixicile selectively inhibits pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor) and related enzymes by inhibiting the function of the vitamin b1 cofactor (thiamine pyrophosphate) by a novel mechanism. here, we interrogate the amixicile scaffold, guided by doc ...201627090174
clostridium difficile enterocolitis and reactive arthritis: a case report and review of the literature.reactive arthritis is a rare complication of clostridium difficile enterocolitis, especially in children. we review the 6 pediatric cases published in the english and non-english literature and discuss their clinical presentation, outcome, treatment, and pathophysiology. we also report the seventh case of clostridium difficile reactive arthritis in a 6-year-old boy who was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate for 10 days because of an upper respiratory infection. after the antibiotic course, the ...201627190666
oscillating behavior of clostridium difficile min proteins in bacillus subtilis.in rod-shaped bacteria, the proper placement of the division septum at the midcell relies, at least partially, on the proteins of the min system as an inhibitor of cell division. the main principle of min system function involves the formation of an inhibitor gradient along the cell axis; however, the establishment of this gradient differs between two well-studied gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. while in gram-negative escherichia coli, the min system undergoes pole-to-pole oscillation, ...201626817670
primase is required for helicase activity and helicase alters the specificity of primase in the enteropathogen clostridium difficile.dna replication is an essential and conserved process in all domains of life and may serve as a target for the development of new antimicrobials. however, such developments are hindered by subtle mechanistic differences and limited understanding of dna replication in pathogenic microorganisms. clostridium difficile is the main cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea and its dna replication machinery is virtually uncharacterized. we identify and characterize the mechanistic details of the putati ...201628003473
'get in early'; biofilm and wax moth (galleria mellonella) models reveal new insights into the therapeutic potential of clostridium difficile bacteriophages.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a global health threat associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. conventional antibiotic cdi therapy can result in treatment failure and recurrent infection. c. difficile produces biofilms which contribute to its virulence and impair antimicrobial activity. some bacteriophages (phages) can penetrate biofilms and thus could be developed to either replace or supplement antibiotics. here, we determined the impact of a previously optimized 4-phag ...201627630633
ecological effect of solithromycin on normal human oropharyngeal and intestinal microbiota.solithromycin is a new fluoroketolide. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of orally administered solithromycin on the human oropharyngeal and intestinal microbiota. thirteen healthy volunteers (median age, 27.3 years) received oral solithromycin at 800 mg on day 1 followed by 400 mg daily on days 2 to 7. fecal and saliva samples were collected at baseline and on days 2, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 21 for pharmacokinetic and microbiological analyses. plasma samples were collected ...201627139483
multivalent display of minimal clostridium difficile glycan epitopes mimics antigenic properties of larger glycans.synthetic cell-surface glycans are promising vaccine candidates against clostridium difficile. the complexity of large, highly antigenic and immunogenic glycans is a synthetic challenge. less complex antigens providing similar immune responses are desirable for vaccine development. based on molecular-level glycan-antibody interaction analyses, we here demonstrate that the c. difficile surface polysaccharide-i (ps-i) can be resembled by multivalent display of minimal disaccharide epitopes on a sy ...201627091615
clostridium difficile infection. 201627917073
pathophysiology of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. 201627917094
active and secretory iga-coated bacterial fractions elucidate dysbiosis in clostridium difficile infection.the onset of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has been associated with treatment with wide-spectrum antibiotics. antibiotic treatment alters the activity of gut commensals and may result in modified patterns of immune responses to pathogens. to study these mechanisms during cdi, we separated bacteria with high cellular rna content (the active bacteria) and their inactive counterparts by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) of the fecal bacterial suspension. the gut dysbiosis due to th ...201627303742
pilin vaccination stimulates weak antibody responses and provides no protection in a c57bl/6 murine model of acute clostridium difficile infection.clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infections in the united states, adding billions of dollars per year to health care costs. a vaccine targeted against the bacterium would be extremely beneficial in decreasing the morbidity and mortality caused by c. difficile-associated disease; a vaccine directed against a colonization factor would hinder the spread of the bacterium as well as prevent disease. type iv pili (t4ps) are extracellular appendages composed of protein monomers ...201627375958
long-term changes of bacterial and viral compositions in the intestine of a recovered clostridium difficile patient after fecal microbiota transplantation.fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infections (rcdis). however, long-term effects on the patients' gut microbiota and the role of viruses remain to be elucidated. here, we characterized bacterial and viral microbiota in the feces of a cured rcdi patient at various time points until 4.5 yr post-fmt compared with the stool donor. feces were subjected to dna sequencing to characterize bacteria and double-stranded dna (dsdna) viruses ...201627148577
systematic review: adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation.fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a microbiota-based therapy that shows therapeutic potential in recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infections and other intestinal or extra-intestinal disorders. nonetheless, adverse events (aes) remain a major challenge in the application of fmt.201627529553
control of clostridium difficile physiopathology in response to cysteine availability.the pathogenicity of clostridium difficile is linked to its ability to produce two toxins: tcda and tcdb. the level of toxin synthesis is influenced by environmental signals, such as phosphotransferase system (pts) sugars, biotin, and amino acids, especially cysteine. to understand the molecular mechanisms of cysteine-dependent repression of toxin production, we reconstructed the sulfur metabolism pathways of c. difficile strain 630 in silico and validated some of them by testing c. difficile gr ...201627297391
the regulatory networks that control clostridium difficile toxin synthesis.the pathogenic clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, which typically arise as a consequence of the production of potent exotoxins. among the enterotoxic clostridia, clostridium difficile is the main causative agent of nosocomial intestinal infections in adults with a compromised gut microbiota caused by antibiotic treatment. the symptoms of c. difficile infection are essentially caused by the production of two exotoxins: tcda and tcdb. moreover, for severe forms of disease, the spectr ...201627187475
new role for fda-approved drugs in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.antibiotic resistance in medically relevant bacterial pathogens, coupled with a paucity of novel antimicrobial discoveries, represents a pressing global crisis. traditional drug discovery is an inefficient and costly process; however, systematic screening of food and drug administration (fda)-approved therapeutics for other indications in humans offers a rapid alternative approach. in this study, we screened a library of 780 fda-approved drugs to identify molecules that rendered raw 264.7 murine ...201627067323
[fulminant clostridium difficile colitis]. 201626947736
improving the reproducibility of the nap1/b1/027 epidemic strain r20291 in the hamster model of infection.comparative analysis of the clostridium difficile bi/nap1/027 strain r20291 and clostron-derived ermb mutants in the hamster infection model are compromised by the clindamycin susceptibility of the parent. mutants can appear more virulent. we have rectified this anomaly by genome engineering. the variant created (crg20291) represents an ideal control strain for virulence assays of clostron mutants.201626946361
clostridium difficile infection after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) of the ileal pouch following restorative proctocolectomy (rpc) is becoming increasingly recognized. we aimed to understand better (i) the associated risk factors, (ii) treatment practices and (iii) the pouch diversion and failure rate in patients who developed cdi of the pouch after rpc for ulcerative colitis (uc).201626945555
efficacy of two hydrogen peroxide vapour aerial decontamination systems for enhanced disinfection of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium difficile in single isolation rooms.hydrogen peroxide vapour (hpv) disinfection systems are being used to reduce patients' exposure to hospital pathogens in the environment. hpv whole-room aerial disinfection systems may vary in terms of operating concentration and mode of delivery.201626944907
clostridium difficile infections: analysis of recurrence in an area with low prevalence of 027 strain. 201626944905
fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: the patient experience.although effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been adequately documented, the patient experience of undergoing fmt has not.201626944009
hospital clostridium difficile infection (cdi) incidence as a risk factor for hospital-associated cdi.environmental risk factors for clostridium difficile infections (cdis) have been described at the room or unit level but not the hospital level. to understand the environmental risk factors for cdi, we investigated the association between institutional- and individual-level cdi.201626944007
cronkhite-canada syndrome: a rare cause of chronic diarrhoea in a young man.a young indian man presented with nine-month history of chronic diarrhea, occasionally mixed with blood and intermittent colicky abdominal pain. he also complained of generalized body swelling for the last three months. on examination, he had diffuse hyperpigmentation of the skin and dystrophic nail changes. upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple sessile polyps in the stomach, small bowel, and colon and rectum. biopsy of polyps showed adenomatous changes with stromal edema ...201626941798
colorectal surgery in patients with hiv and aids: trends and outcomes over a 10-year period in the usa.hiv has become a chronic disease, which may render this population more prone to developing the colorectal pathologies that typically affect older americans.201626940943
bacterial contamination of computer touch screens.the goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of opportunistic bacterial pathogens on the surfaces of computer touch screens used in hospitals and grocery stores. opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were isolated on touch screens in hospitals; clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and in grocery stores; methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. enteric bacteria were more common on grocery store touch screens than on hospital computer touch screens.201626940596
predictors of fecal transplant failure.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant healthcare burden, with increased morbidity and mortality. traditional treatment regimens using antibiotics for recurrent cdi are significantly less successful compared with 80-90% with fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). there is a paucity of data on failure rates and mortality after fmt in cdi. this study aims to identify the rates of failure, relapse, and mortality associated with fmt as well as the risk factors for fmt failure.201626934528
therapies on the horizon for clostridium difficile infections.clostridium difficile infections are a leading cause of healthcare facility outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness that may have serious complications and a high rate of recurrent disease. despite the availability of standard antibiotic treatments, data from national surveillance programs indicate that the incidence of this disease continues to increase, placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems. new emerging strategies are being tested to replace or augment these standard antibiotics.201626934513
the never-ending struggle with laboratory testing for clostridium difficile infection. 201626930504
fecal microbiota transplantation: in perspective.there has been increasing interest in understanding the role of the human gut microbiome to elucidate the therapeutic potential of its manipulation. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is the administration of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition and confer a health benefit. fmt has been used to successfully treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection. there are preliminary in ...201626929784
predicting all-cause readmissions using electronic health record data from the entire hospitalization: model development and comparison.incorporating clinical information from the full hospital course may improve prediction of 30-day readmissions.201626929062
surgical management of clostridium difficile infection: the role of colectomy.management of clostridium difficile infections is usually accomplished through appropriate antimicrobial therapy. however, in patients that do not respond to this therapy, rapid and potentially lethal progressive organ dysfunction care occurs. although supportive care and continued antimicrobial therapy is important, surgical therapy is critical to eradication of the inflammatory process and reversal of the dysregulated immunity associated with severe c. difficile infections. in the following pa ...201627003312
risks and benefits of stress ulcer prophylaxis for patients with severe sepsis.the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines recommend stress ulcer prophylaxis for patients with severe sepsis who have bleeding risks. although sepsis has been considered as a risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding, the effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis has not been studied in patients with severe sepsis. furthermore, stress ulcer prophylaxis may be associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia or clostridium difficile infection. the aim of this study was to investigate the ...201627002276
use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized elderly adults. 201627000353
excess mortality attributable to clostridium difficile and risk factors for infection in an historic cohort of hospitalised patients followed up in the united kingdom death register.we compared time from hospital admission to death in a probability sample of 100 clostridium difficile infected cases and a probability sample of 98 non-cases admitted to an english teaching hospital between 2005 and 2007 with follow up in the uk national death register using survival analysis.201626999613
lighting up clostridium difficile: reporting gene expression using fluorescent lov domains.the uses of fluorescent reporters derived from green fluorescent protein have proved invaluable for the visualisation of biological processes in bacteria grown under aerobic conditions. however, their requirement for oxygen has limited their application in obligate anaerobes such as clostridium difficile. fluorescent proteins derived from light, oxygen or voltage sensing (lov) domains have been shown to bridge this limitation, but their utility as translational fusions to monitor protein express ...201626996606
the human microbiota: novel targets for hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic resistance.hospital-acquired infections are increasing in frequency due to multidrug resistant organisms (mdros), and the spread of mdros has eroded our ability to treat infections. health care professionals cannot rely solely on traditional infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship to prevent mdro transmission. we review research on the microbiota as a target for infection control interventions.201626994507
a phase 1, placebo-controlled, randomized study of the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a clostridium difficile vaccine administered with or without aluminum hydroxide in healthy adults.clostridium difficile is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities. the bacteria can produce 3 toxins, of which the c. difficile toxin a and c. difficile toxin b are the principal virulence factors for c. difficile-associated disease.201626993331
solid organ transplant patients: are there opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship?rising incidence of clostridium difficile and multidrug-resistant organisms' infections and a dwindling development of new antimicrobials are an impetus for antimicrobial stewardship in organ transplant recipients. we sought to understand antimicrobial prescribing practices and identify opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration among the transplant, antimicrobial stewardship, and infectious diseases teams.201626992472
saccharomyces boulardii to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.background.  antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) are common complications of antibiotic use. data on the efficacy of probiotics to prevent aad and cdad are unclear. we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of saccharomyces boulardii to prevent aad and cdad in hospitalized adult patients. methods.  we conducted a multicenter, phase iii, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in hospitalized patients who received systemic antibiotic treat ...201626973849
use of concomitant antibiotics during treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in pediatric inpatients: an observational cohort study.concomitant antibiotic use during treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) increases the risk of recurrence. across a network of children's hospitals, 46% of patients treated for cdi received concomitant antibiotics for a median of 7 days. concomitant antibiotic use was more common among patients with malignancies, and solid organ or bone marrow transplant. unnecessary concomitant antibiotic use in cdi patients is a potential target for pediatric antimicrobial stewardship.201626972929
comparative genomic analysis of toxin-negative strains of clostridium difficile from humans and animals with symptoms of gastrointestinal disease.clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are a significant health problem to humans and food animals. clostridial toxins toxa and toxb encoded by genes tcda and tcdb are located on a pathogenicity locus known as the paloc and are the major virulence factors of c. difficile. while toxin-negative strains of c. difficile are often isolated from faeces of animals and patients suffering from cdi, they are not considered to play a role in disease. toxin-negative strains of c. difficile have been used su ...201626971047
identification of risk factors influencing clostridium difficile prevalence in middle-size dairy farms.farm animals have been suggested to play an important role in the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the community. the purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with c. difficile dissemination in family dairy farms, which are the most common farming model in the european union. environmental samples and fecal samples from cows and calves were collected repeatedly over a 1 year period on 20 mid-size family dairy farms. clostridium difficile was detected ...201626968527
ultrasound findings in critical care patients: the "liver sign" and other abnormal abdominal air patterns.in critical care patients, point of care abdominal ultrasound examination, although it has been practiced for over 30 years, is not as widespread as its cardiac or pulmonary counterparts. we report two cases in which detection of air during abdominal ultrasound allowed the early detection of life-threatening pathologies. in the first case, a patient with severe clostridium difficile was found to have portal venous gas but its significance was confounded by a recent surgery. serial ultrasonograph ...201626968407
a diagnostic algorithm for the detection of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.clostridium difficile is a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, which is usually associated with previous antibiotic use. the clinical manifestations of c. difficile infection (cdi) may range from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis. clostridium difficile should be considered in diarrhea cases with a history of antibiotic use within the last 8 weeks (community-associated cdi) or with a hospital stay of at least 3 days, regardless of the duration of antibiotic use (hospital-acquired cdi).201626966622
[chilean consensus of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea].clostridium dijfficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) has become very important due to the increase in its incidence, severity, recurrence and the associated economic burden. having a national consensus guideline is essential to improve its management.201626965890
sensitive assays enable detection of serum igg antibodies against clostridium difficile toxin a and toxin b in healthy subjects and patients with clostridium difficile infection.pathogenic clostridium difficile produces two proinflammatory exotoxins, toxin a and toxin b. low level of serum antitoxin igg antibodies is a risk factor for the development of primary and recurrent c. difficile infection (cdi).201626964649
vital signs: preventing antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals - united states, 2014.health care-associated antibiotic-resistant (ar) infections increase patient morbidity and mortality and might be impossible to successfully treat with any antibiotic. cdc assessed health care-associated infections (hai), including clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and the role of six ar bacteria of highest concern nationwide in several types of health care facilities.201626963489
clostridium difficile ribotype 023 lacks the ability to hydrolyze esculin, leading to false-negative results on chromogenic agar. 201626962090
letter to the editor: the surge of type 2 diabetes mellitus in china - an international alert: physical exercise and low-caloric diet may reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia.the prevalence of diabetes in china has surged from 0.67% before 1980 to 11.6% currently. it is even higher than the prevalence in the united states. certainly, china's economic open-ups, improving living standard, and modernization have propagated the surge. from a traditional public-health point of view, increased food intake and decreased exercise were the main contributors. a new knowledge of colon microbiota could be applied to provide a second harvest of food energy; for example, large mol ...201626927355
faecal microbiota transplantation-a clinical view.faecal microbiota transplantation has gained increasing attention over the last decade as various phenotypes could be transferred from a donor to a recipient in different animal models. clinically, however, the sole indication with evidence from a randomized placebo controlled trial is refractory clostridium difficile infection. despite revealing successful clinical outcomes, questions concerning regulatory affairs, the identification of the best donor, the optimal mixture of the transplant as w ...201626924753
a comparison of the gut microbiome between long-term users and non-users of proton pump inhibitors.proton pump inhibitor (ppi) use is associated with an increased risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), though the mechanism is unclear. ppi induced alterations to the gut microbiome may facilitate the emergence of cdi, though the effects of ppis on gut microbiota are not well characterised. [correction added on 10 march 2016, after first online publication: microflora has been changed to microbiota throughout the article.]201626923470
environmental contamination in households of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection.recurrent clostridium difficile infection (r-cdi) is common and difficult to treat, potentially necessitating fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). although c. difficilespores persist in the hospital environment and cause infection, little is known about their potential presence or importance in the household environment. households of r-cdi subjects in the peri-fmt period and of geographically matched and age-matched controls were analyzed for the presence ofc. difficile household environment ...201626921425
evaluation of an enclosed ultraviolet-c radiation device for decontamination of mobile handheld devices.mobile handheld devices used in health care settings may become contaminated with health care-associated pathogens. we demonstrated that an enclosed ultraviolet-c radiation device was effective in rapidly reducing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and with longer exposure times, clostridium difficile spores, on glass slides and reducing contamination on in-use mobile handheld devices.201626921014
laboratory-based strategy using a new marketed polymerase chain reaction assay to manage diarrheic episodes among patients from rehabilitation and long-term care facilities.management of norovirus and clostridium difficile gastroenteritis is challenging for rehabilitation and long-term care facilities. we evaluated the contribution of a 2-step laboratory-based strategy, including a new ready-to-use norovirus polymerase chain reaction assay to promote isolation precautions. c difficile and norovirus were successively identified from 17% and 23% of 52 episodes of diarrhea, respectively, during the winter season, leading to 100% adequate isolation measures. in patient ...201626921013
patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection presenting with sepsis do not require longer duration of antimicrobial therapy.a recent prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial found that 4 days of antibiotics after source control of complicated intra-abdominal infections resulted in similar outcomes when compared with longer duration. we hypothesized that the subset of patients presenting with sepsis have similar outcomes when treated with the shorter course of antibiotics.201626920994
risk of resistant organisms and clostridium difficile with prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for central nervous system devices.prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for central nervous system (cns) devices may be associated with increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. the primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of prolonged cns device antibiotic prophylaxis on the growth of resistant microorganisms and clostridium difficile.201626920907
recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become the most frequently reported health care-associated infection in the united states [1]. as the incidence of cdi rises, so too does the burden it produces on health care and society. in an attempt to decrease the burden of cdi and provide the best outcomes for patients affected by cdi, there have been many recent advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of cdi. in this article, we review the current recommendations regarding cdi ...201626918176
vancomycin treatment alters humoral immunity and intestinal microbiota in an aged mouse model of clostridium difficile infection.the elderly host is highly susceptible to severe disease and treatment failure in clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we investigated how treatment with vancomycin in the aged host influences systemic and intestinal humoral responses and select intestinal microbiota.201626917573
potentially hypervirulent clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 lineage isolates in pigs and possible implications for humans in taiwan.clostridium difficile is a human and animal pathogen. recently, the incidence of community-acquired c. difficile infection has increased, and many studies have indicated that c. difficile might be food-borne. the correlation between c. difficile infection in humans and in animals has been a topic of debate. the objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of c. difficile from human and pigs in taiwan. we investigated the molecular epidemiology of c. difficile in healthy human ...201626915500
a novel regulator controls clostridium difficile sporulation, motility and toxin production.clostridium difficile is an anaerobic pathogen that forms spores which promote survival in the environment and transmission to new hosts. the regulatory pathways by which c. difficile initiates spore formation are poorly understood. we identified two factors with limited similarity to the rap sporulation proteins of other spore-forming bacteria. in this study, we show that disruption of the gene cd3668 reduces sporulation and increases toxin production and motility. this mutant was more virulent ...201626915493
importance of molecular methods to determine whether a probiotic is the source of lactobacillus bacteremia.there has been an increasing interest in the use of probiotic products for the prevention of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). bio-k+(®) is a commercial probiotic product comprising three strains of lactobacilli--lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285(®), lact. casei lbc80r(®) and lact. rhamnosus clr2(®)--that have been applied to prevent cdi. generally considered as safe, lactobacilli have potential to cause bacteremia, endocarditis and other infections. the source of lactobacillus bacteremia ca ...201626915093
diagnosis of clostridium difficile infections in children.the detection and diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric populations have some unique considerations in comparison to testing in adults. the testing methodologies, including toxigenic culture, cell cytotoxicity, antigen detection, and, more recently, molecular testing, are the same in all age groups. however, limited data exist on the specific performance characteristics in children. in this review, we focus on the challenges of testing in pediatric populations and assess the ...201626912759
a novel microbiome therapeutic increases gut microbial diversity and prevents recurrent clostridium difficile infection.patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have a ≥60% risk of relapse, as conventional therapies do not address the underlying gastrointestinal dysbiosis. this exploratory study evaluated the safety and efficacy of bacterial spores for preventing recurrent cdi.201626908752
fecal microbiota transfer 2.0. 201626908719
a case of reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile colitis.reactive arthritis is an acute, aseptic, inflammatory arthropathy following an infectious process but removed from the site of primary infection. it is often attributed to genitourinary and enteric pathogens, such as chlamydia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and yersinia, in susceptible individuals. an uncommon and less recognized cause of this disease is preceding colonic infection with clostridium difficile, an organism associated with pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea in hospitalize ...201626908381
clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection by age group.advanced age is a known risk factor of poor outcomes for colitis, including clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the present study compares the clinical outcomes of young and old patients hospitalized for cdi.201626907483
clinical implications of antibiotic impact on gastrointestinal microbiota and clostridium difficile infection.the human gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota plays an important role in human health. anaerobic bacteria prevalent in the normal colon suppress the growth of non-commensal microorganisms, thus maintaining colonic homeostasis. the gi microbiota is influenced by both patient-specific and environmental factors, particularly antibiotics. antibiotics can alter the native gi microbiota composition, leading to decreased colonization resistance and opportunistic proliferation of non-native organisms. a co ...201626907220
the risk of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in nasogastric tube insertion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is a major concern of public health worldwide. the risk of cdad in patients with nasogastric tube (ngt) insertion is controversial. the aim of this study was to assess the risk of incidence of cdad in patients with ngt insertion.201626905926
inflammatory bowel disease affects the outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection.a significant fraction of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi) have inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) can break the cycle of cdi recurrence and can be performed without evaluation of the colon. we evaluated the efficacy of colonoscopic fmt in patients with and without ibd, and whether we could identify ibd in patients during this procedure.201626905904
erratum to: prolonged use of a proton pump inhibitor reduces microbial diversity: implications for clostridium difficile susceptibility. 201626905900
intestinal microbiome disruption in patients in a long-term acute care hospital: a case for development of microbiome disruption indices to improve infection prevention.composition and diversity of intestinal microbial communities (microbiota) are generally accepted as a risk factor for poor outcomes; however, we cannot yet use this information to prevent adverse outcomes.201626905790
characteristics of antimicrobial stewardship programs at veterans affairs hospitals: results of a nationwide survey.background antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) are variably implemented. objective to characterize variations of antimicrobial stewardship structure and practices across all inpatient veterans affairs facilities in 2012 and correlate key characteristics with antimicrobial usage. design a web-based survey regarding stewardship activities was administered to each facility's designated contact. bivariate associations between facility characteristics and inpatient antimicrobial use during 2012 ...201626905338
clostridium difficile ileitis in a patient, after total colectomy.this is a case of a 63-year-old, post total colectomy patient, who presented to the hospital with watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramping and fevers. on admission, the patient was haemodynamically stable and febrile. clostridium difficile pcr was sent and tested positive. ct of the abdomen revealed diffuse thickening of the distal small bowel to the level of the anastomosis and mesenteric oedema consistent with infectious enteritis. the patient was started on vancomycin orally as well as flagyl int ...201626903365
cost-effectiveness analysis of six strategies to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection.to assess the cost-effectiveness of six treatment strategies for patients diagnosed with recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in canada: 1. oral metronidazole; 2. oral vancomycin; 3.oral fidaxomicin; 4. fecal transplantation by enema; 5. fecal transplantation by nasogastric tube; and 6. fecal transplantation by colonoscopy.201626901316
targeting methionyl trna synthetase: design, synthesis and antibacterial activity against clostridium difficile of novel 3-biaryl-n-benzylpropan-1-amine derivatives.the synthesis of a series of benzimidazole-n-benzylpropan-1-amines and adenine-n-benzylpropan-1-amines is described. subsequent evaluation against two strains of the anaerobic bacterium clostridium difficile was performed with three amine derivatives displaying mic values of 16 μg/ml. molecular docking studies of the described amines determined that the amines interact within two active site pockets of c. difficile methionyl trna synthetase with methoxy substituents in the benzyl ring and an ade ...201626899668
re: the challenge of clostridium difficile infection: overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. 201626899412
genetic, phenotypic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based identification of anaerobic bacteria and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility at a university hospital in japan.the accuracies of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and the phenotypic method using vitek 2 were compared to the accuracy of 16s rrna sequence analysis for the identification of 170 clinically isolated anaerobes. the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was also evaluated. genetic analysis identified 21 gram-positive species in 14 genera and 29 gram-negative species in 11 genera. the most frequently isolated genera were prevotella ...201626898667
involvement of bacteria other than clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of aad; however, only approximately 25% of all aad cases are associated with c. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undetermined. numerous other bacterial infectious agents have been implicated in aad, including clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, and klebsiella oxytoca. aad is a complex di ...201626897710
impact on toxin production and cell morphology in clostridium difficile by ridinilazole (smt19969), a novel treatment for c. difficile infection.ridinilazole (smt19969) is a narrow-spectrum, non-absorbable antimicrobial with activity against clostridium difficile undergoing clinical trials. the purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacological activity of ridinilazole and assess the effects on cell morphology.201626895772
reply to: re: the challenge of clostridium difficile infection: overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. 201626895607
clostridium difficile--to test or not to test? response to kundrapu et al. 201626894624
clostridium difficile infection in ulcerative colitis: can alteration of the gut-associated microbiome contribute to pouch failure?ulcerative colitis is frequently treated with total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis reconstruction. causes of pouch failure and criteria for improved patient selection remain poorly understood. we aimed to identify risk factors for pouch failure.201626891259
cost averted with timely fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in alberta, canada.fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is highly effective in treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). however, the ideal timing for offering fmt remains to be determined. furthermore, the direct medical costs averted with timely fmt have not been examined.201626890327
1h, 13c, and 15n resonance assignments of an enzymatically active domain from the catalytic component (cdta, residues 216-420) of a binary toxin from clostridium difficile.clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen and is the most commonly reported source of nosocomial infection in industrialized nations. symptoms of c. difficile infection (cdi) include antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, sepsis and death. over the last decade, rates and severity of hospital infections in north america and europe have increased dramatically and correlate with the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of c. difficile characterized by the presence of a binary ...201626886352
surotomycin versus vancomycin for clostridium difficile infection: phase 2, randomized, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority, multicentre trial.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major public health concern. treatment with commonly prescribed antibiotics is associated with high rates of recurrence after initial cure. here, we present the efficacy and safety of surotomycin, an orally administered, minimally absorbed, selective bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide, compared with vancomycin, in patients with cdi.201627432604
the clostridium difficile dlt pathway is controlled by the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor σv in response to lysozyme.clostridium difficile (also known as peptoclostridium difficile) is a major nosocomial pathogen and a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea throughout the world. colonization of the intestinal tract is necessary for c. difficile to cause disease. host-produced antimicrobial proteins (amps), such as lysozyme, are present in the intestinal tract and can deter colonization by many bacterial pathogens, and yet c. difficile is able to survive in the colon in the presence of these amps. our ...201627068095
vancomycin-resistant enterococcus co-colonization rates with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile in critically ill veterans.a prospective study was conducted to identify risk factors for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, including co-colonization with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile infection in patients admitted to the intensive care unit in 2 veterans affairs facilities. methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile infection co-colonization were significant risk factors for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization. further studies are needed to i ...201627067517
long-term microbiota and virome in a zürich patient after fecal transplantation against clostridium difficile infection.fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an emerging therapeutic option for clostridium difficile infections that are refractory to conventional treatment. fmt introduces fecal microbes into the patient's intestine that prevent the recurrence of c. difficile, leading to rapid expansion of bacteria characteristic of healthy microbiota. however, the long-term effects of fmt remain largely unknown. the c. difficile patient described in this paper revealed protracted microbiota adaptation processes ...201627286042
clostridium difficile ribotype 033 colitis in a patient following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for kpcproducing klebsiella pneumoniae infection, italy.this report describes a case of clostridium difficile ribotype 033 colitis in a patient treated with multiple antibiotics for kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae pancreatitis. diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic features are discussed. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of c. difficile ribotype 033 clinical infection reported from italy.201627284989
tolerability and pharmacokinetics of syn-004, an orally administered β-lactamase for the prevention of clostridium difficile-associated disease and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, in two phase 1 studies.syn-004 is an orally administered β-lactamase enzyme, designed to be given concurrently with certain intravenous β-lactam antibiotics like cephalosporins. syn-004 is intended to degrade residual antibiotics excreted into the intestine as a result of hepatobiliary excretion and to prevent the disruption of the gut microbiome by these excess antibiotics. preserving the gut microbiome is expected to prevent secondary infections by pathogens like clostridium difficile and protect against other antib ...201627283946
Refresh
firstprev
...101102103104105106107108109110...
nextlast
Displaying items 10201 - 10300 of 12134