Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mucosal dna vaccine immunization against measles with a highly attenuated shigella flexneri vector. | an intranasal vaccine vector would elicit protective immunity at the respiratory mucosa, the portal of entry and the primary site for replication for measles virus (mv) and other respiratory viruses. in a murine model of pulmonary shigella, we demonstrate here that a candidate-attenuated shigella vaccine vector is safely tolerated in ifn-gamma deficient mice at an inoculum that is 1 million-fold higher than the inoculum of the wild-type parent strain that would be lethal for greater than 90% of ... | 1999 | 9973419 |
| tetranucleotide repeats identify novel virulence determinant homologues in neisseria meningitidis. | numerous outer membrane components of neisseria meningitidis and n. gonorrhoeae exhibit phase variable expression (the rapid, reversible on/off switching of phenotypic expression). many of the genes encoding these outer membrane components contain simple repetitive dna motifs (mononucleotides, dinucleotides, tetranucleotides and other repeats) which mediate this variation. one such repeat motif, the tetranucleotide 5;-(gcaa)n-3;, is associated with phase-variable lps biosynthetic genes in the pa ... | 1999 | 9973577 |
| identification of shigella flexneri subserotype 1c in rural egypt. | in a population-based study of diarrhea in rural, northern egypt, 60 shigella flexneri strains were identified, of which 10 could not be definitively serotyped. serological analysis with commercial reagents suggested that they were serotype 1, but the strains failed to react with subserotype 1a- or 1b-specific antibodies. all 10 strains reacted with masf 1c, a monoclonal antibody specific for a provisional s. flexneri subserotype, 1c, first identified in bangladesh and not previously detected ou ... | 1999 | 9986881 |
| ebola outbreak in kikwit, democratic republic of the congo: discovery and control measures. | the ebola epidemic in kikwit, democratic republic of the congo, was recognized because of a nosocomial outbreak in kikwit general hospital. initially, a diagnosis of shigella infection was suspected because many patients presented with bloody diarrhea. on 4 may 1995, blood samples from 14 acutely ill patients were sent to the centers for disease control and prevention (atlanta), and on 9 may, a diagnosis of ebola hemorrhagic fever was confirmed. the major disease control measures that were under ... | 1999 | 9988192 |
| tyrosine phosphorylation is required for actin-based motility of vaccinia but not listeria or shigella. | studies of the actin-based motility of pathogens have provided important insights into the events occurring at the leading edge of motile cells [1] [2] [3]. to date, several actin-cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been implicated in the motility of listeria or shigella: vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp), vinculin and the actin-related protein complex of arp2 and arp3 [4] [5] [6] [7]. to further investigate the underlying mechanism of actin-tail assembly, we examined the localizati ... | 1999 | 10021367 |
| the virulence plasmid-encoded impcab operon enhances survival and induced mutagenesis in shigella flexneri after exposure to uv radiation. | upon exposure to uv radiation, shigella flexneri sa100 displayed survival and mutation frequencies comparable to those of escherichia coli ab1157, which contains a functional umudc error-prone dna repair system. survival of sa100 after uv irradiation was associated with the presence of the 220-kb virulence plasmid, pvp. this plasmid encodes homologues of impa and impb, which comprise an error-prone dna repair system encoded on plasmid tp110 that was initially identified in salmonella typhimurium ... | 1999 | 10024589 |
| involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta in enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures caused by shigella dysenteriae. | neurologic manifestations, mainly convulsions, are the most frequent extraintestinal complications of shigellosis. we used an animal model to study the roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (il-1beta) in shigella-related seizures. administration of shigella dysenteriae 60r sonicate enhanced the sensitivity of mice to the proconvulsant pentylenetetrazole (ptz) within 7 h. this was indicated by a significantly higher mean convulsion score and an increased number o ... | 1999 | 10024595 |
| interleukin-8 controls bacterial transepithelial translocation at the cost of epithelial destruction in experimental shigellosis. | in shigellosis, the network of cellular interactions mediated by a balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines or chemokines is clearly tipped toward acute destructive inflammation of intestinal tissues by the bacterial invader. this work has addressed the role played by interleukin-8 (il-8) in a rabbit model of intestinal invasion by shigella flexneri. il-8, which is largely produced by the epithelial cells themselves, appears to be a major mediator of the recruitment of polymorphonuclear l ... | 1999 | 10024597 |
| identification of shigella boydii in colonic malacoplakia by universal bacterial 16s ribosomal dna-based amplification in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | 1999 | 10028087 | |
| induction of cytokines in a human colon epithelial cell line by shiga toxin 1 (stx1) and stx2 but not by non-toxic mutant stx1 which lacks n-glycosidase activity. | stx1 and stx2 produced by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli are cytotoxic due to their n-glycosidase activity on 28s rrna. in this study, we have shown that proinflammatory cytokine mrnas, especially il-8, were induced by stx1 and stx2 in caco-2 cells. a non-toxic mutant of stxl which lacks n-glycosidase activity did not induce cytokine mrnas. il-8 production at the protein level was enhanced by stx1 and stx2, but not by the mutant stx1. these results demonstrate that shiga toxins induce ex ... | 1999 | 9929007 |
| access to essential drugs in poor countries: a lost battle? | drugs offer a simple, cost-effective solution to many health problems, provided they are available, affordable, and properly used. however, effective treatment is lacking in poor countries for many diseases, including african trypanosomiasis, shigella dysentery, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, and bacterial meningitis. treatment may be precluded because no effective drug exists, it is too expensive, or it has been withdrawn from the market. moreover, research and development in tropical diseases ha ... | 1999 | 9929090 |
| lymphocyte subset profile of young healthy children residing in a rural area: possible role of recurrent gastrointestinal infections. | lymphocyte subsets in healthy children are currently characterized by age-related standards. because antigenic stimuli play a role in maturation of the immune system after birth, there is a question of whether cellular immune development differs in infants whose living conditions entail extensive antigenic exposure and infants growing up in a more protected environment. | 1999 | 9932845 |
| central nervous system manifestations of childhood shigellosis: prevalence, risk factors, and outcome. | alterations in consciousness, including seizures, delirium, and coma, are known to occur during shigella infection. previous reports have suggested that febrile convulsions and altered consciousness are more common during shigellosis than with other childhood infections. those reports, however, have been from locations where s dysenteriae type 1 was not common, thus making it difficult to assess the specific contribution that s dysenteriae type 1 infection, and shiga toxin, might make to the pat ... | 1999 | 9925864 |
| enterobacteria in reactive arthritis: yersinia, shigella, and salmonella. | 1999 | 10063518 | |
| the salmonella invasin sipb induces macrophage apoptosis by binding to caspase-1. | recently, salmonella spp. were shown to induce apoptosis in infected macrophages. the mechanism responsible for this process is unknown. in this report, we establish that the inv-spa type iii secretion apparatus target invasin sipb is necessary and sufficient for the induction of apoptosis. purified sipb microinjected into macrophages led to cell death. binding studies show that sipb associates with the proapoptotic protease caspase-1. this interaction results in the activation of caspase-1, as ... | 1999 | 10051653 |
| mechanism of shigella entry into epithelial cells. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells by reorganizing the cell cytoskeleton during bacterial entry. this entry process requires the shigella ipa proteins that are secreted by a type iii secretion apparatus and that act in concert to fine tune cell responses. actin polymerization at the site of entry is dependent on the ipab and ipac proteins, whereas ipaa further modulates cytoskeletal rearrangements by binding to vinculin. | 1999 | 10047558 |
| functional analysis of the o antigen glucosylation gene cluster of shigella flexneri bacteriophage sfx. | previous studies have shown that shigella flexneri bacteriophage x (sfx) encodes a glucosyltransferase (gtrx, formerly gtr), which is involved in o antigen modification (serotype y to serotype x). however, gtrx alone can only mediate a partial conversion. more recently, a three-gene cluster has been identified next to the attachment site in the genome of two other s. flexneri bacteriophages (i.e. sfv and sfii). this gene cluster was postulated to be responsible for a full o antigen conversion. h ... | 1999 | 10376843 |
| vaccination against shigellosis with attenuated shigella flexneri 2a strain sc602. | the shigella flexneri 2a sc602 vaccine candidate carries deletions of the plasmid-borne virulence gene icsa (mediating intra- and intercellular spread) and the chromosomal locus iuc (encoding aerobactin) (s. barzu, a. fontaine, p. j. sansonetti, and a. phalipon, infect. immun. 64:1190-1196, 1996). dose selection studies showed that sc602 causes shigellosis in a majority of volunteers when 3 x 10(8) or 2 x 10(6) cfu are ingested. in contrast, a dose of 10(4) cfu was associated with transient feve ... | 1999 | 10377124 |
| m cells as ports of entry for enteroinvasive pathogens: mechanisms of interaction, consequences for the disease process. | m cells are key sites of antigen sampling for the mucosal-associated lymphoid system (malt) and consequently are essential components of the structures serving as inductive sites for mucosal immunity. in addition, they have recently been recognized as major sites of adherence and major ports of entry for enteric pathogens. in the case of enteroinvasive pathogens, such as salmonella, yersinia and shigella, few clinical evidences, but lots of experimental data indicate that, at least at the early ... | 1999 | 10381865 |
| the so-called chromosomal verotoxin genes are actually carried by defective prophages. | 1999 | 10382973 | |
| when microbes and cells meet. | 1999 | 10383224 | |
| [strains of shigella sonnei recently isolated in tokyo]. | a total of 341 shigella sonnei strains consisting of 94 domestic strains and 247 imported strains isolated during 1990-1997 in tokyo, were examined regarding their colicine-type, drug-resistance and ornithine-utilization. the colicine typing results showed that the domestic strains were classified into 7 types, and the imported strains were classified into 13 types. among the colicine-types identified, 8-type, 0-type, 6-type and 12-type were predominant in the domestic strains, whereas 6-type, 0 ... | 1999 | 10386020 |
| population-based study of the incidence of shigella diarrhea and causative serotypes in santiago, chile. | shigella is an important cause of diarrheal disease in children in developing countries. the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains has stimulated interest in the use of multivalent shigella vaccines. because shigella vaccines under development are based on eliciting immunity to o antigens, monitoring the distribution of serotypes in defined target populations is critical. we initiated health center-based surveillance in a poor semirural community in colina, santiago (7489 childre ... | 1999 | 10391178 |
| comparative study on the in vitro antibacterial activity of australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil, manuka oil, kanuka oil, and eucalyptus oil. | to compare the antibacterial activity of the australian tea tree oil (tto) with various other medicinally and commercially important essential myrtaceous oils (cajuput oil, niaouli oil, kanuka oil, manuka oil, and eucalyptus oil) the essential oils were first analysed by gc-ms and then tested against various bacteria using a broth microdilution method. the highest activity was obtained by tto, with mic values of 0.25% for enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus m ... | 1999 | 10399193 |
| [dysentery in 1997]. | notifications of dysentery fell to their lowest yearly total since 1918. the 1997 total figure of 439 was 18% lower than in 1996 (534 cases) and of 1353 cases (75%) lower than the median yearly figure in 1991-95 (1894 cases). incidence rate in 1997 was 1.1/100,000 inhabitance, the lowest ever notified. in 1996 incidence rate was 1.4 for 100,000 inhabitants and median incidence rate in 1991-1995 was 4.9. dysentery was not diagnosed in 24% administrative regions of poland. no case of dysentery has ... | 1999 | 10402855 |
| no benefit of long-term ciprofloxacin treatment in patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated oligoarthritis: a three-month, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. | to investigate the effect of long-term antibiotic treatment in patients with reactive arthritis (rea) and undifferentiated oligoarthritis. | 1999 | 10403266 |
| the aerobactin iron transport system genes in shigella flexneri are present within a pathogenicity island. | genes encoding the synthesis and transport of aerobactin, a hydroxamate siderophore associated with increased virulence of enteric bacteria, were mapped within a pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri. the island, designated shi-2 for shigella pathogenicity island 2, was located downstream of selc, the site of insertion of pathogenicity islands in several other enteric pathogens. dna sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple insertion sequences upstream and downstream of the aerobac ... | 1999 | 10411724 |
| the selc-associated shi-2 pathogenicity island of shigella flexneri. | pathogenicity islands are chromosomal gene clusters, often located adjacent to trna genes, that encode virulence factors present in pathogenic organisms but absent or sporadically found in related non-pathogenic species. the selc trna locus is the site of integration of different pathogenicity islands in uropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli and salmonella enterica. we show here that the selc locus of shigella flexneri, the aetiological agent of bacterial dysentery, also con ... | 1999 | 10411725 |
| [microbiological quality of pasteurized milk creams manufactured in venezuela]. | a total of 100 samples of pasteurized milk creams produced by eleven (11) dairy milk industries were analyzed for the presence of microoganisms. the dairy milk industries were distributed along different places of venezuela. the samples were analyzed for the presence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychotropic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, coliformes, molds and yeasts 75% of the analyzed samples did not reach the international standards for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, similarly, 95% for sta ... | 1999 | 10412511 |
| lethal encephalopathy complicating childhood shigellosis. | a 6-year-old girl is described who died following rapid neurological deterioration, ending in lethal cerebral oedema. despite the absence of severe intestinal and metabolic derangement, shigella was cultured from the stool. toxic encephalopathy is responsible for death following this rare complication of childhood shigellosis in developed countries. the pathophysiology is unknown. conclusion: lethal toxic encephalopathy can be caused by shigella despite the absence of severe intestinal and metab ... | 1999 | 10412812 |
| [lethality in hospitalized infants with acute diarrhea: risk factors associated with death]. | acute diarrhea is a very frequent disease in developing countries and is the first cause of death in infants under 2 years of age. this study was designed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological factors associated to the death of 17 out of 511 infants hospitalized owing to severe acute diarrhea, between january 1989 and december 1995. | 1999 | 10413914 |
| prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. | common pathogens in traveler's diarrhea include enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, campylobacter, shigella, salmonella, yersinia and many other species. viruses and protozoa are the cause in many cases. fortunately, traveler's diarrhea can usually be avoided by carefully selecting foods and beverages. although drug prophylaxis is now discouraged, treatment with loperamide (in the absence of dysentery) and a fluoroquinolone, such as ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily for one to three days), is usua ... | 1999 | 10414633 |
| thymic independence of adaptive immunity to the intracellular pathogen shigella flexneri serotype 2a. | shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular pathogen. while immunity to several intracellular pathogens is mediated by t lymphocytes, it is unknown whether cellular immune responses are important to adaptive immunity to s. flexneri. we show that vaccination with s. flexneri serotype 2a confers protection to mice that lack t lymphocytes or gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), specific depletion of t lymphocytes does not alter the protection, and adoptive transfer of splenocytes from vaccinated mice ... | 1999 | 10417163 |
| interaction of brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide with major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules in b lymphocytes. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), a major amphiphilic molecule located at the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is a potent antigen known to induce specific humoral immune responses in infected mammals. lps has been described as a polyclonal activator of b lymphocytes, triggering the secretion of antibodies directed against distinct sugar epitopes of the lps chain. but, how lps is handled by b cells remains to be fully understood. this task appears to be essential for a better knowledge of the a ... | 1999 | 10417173 |
| dynamics of actin-based movement by rickettsia rickettsii in vero cells. | actin-based motility (abm) is a virulence mechanism exploited by invasive bacterial pathogens in the genera listeria, shigella, and rickettsia. due to experimental constraints imposed by the lack of genetic tools and their obligate intracellular nature, little is known about rickettsial abm relative to listeria and shigella abm systems. in this study, we directly compared the dynamics and behavior of abm of rickettsia rickettsii and listeria monocytogenes. a time-lapse video of moving intracellu ... | 1999 | 10417192 |
| microbiological quality of retail imported unprepared whole lettuces: a phls food working group study. public health laboratory service. | a study of imported unprepared whole lettuces sampled from supermarkets, greengrocers, shops, and market stalls found that all were of acceptable microbiological quality. twenty-seven out of 151 (18%) imported lettuce samples had enterobacteriaceae levels of 10(4) cfu/g or more. however, these bacteria that constitute part of the natural microflora of unprepared vegetables may also be derived from the soil and/or by poor handling. the pathogens, salmonella spp., shigella spp., campylobacter spp. ... | 1999 | 10419203 |
| interferon-alpha in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis: a comparison with c-reactive protein and interleukin-6. | the aim of the study was to identify serum markers able to differentiate bacterial and viral origin in acute diarrhoea. interferon-alpha (inf-alpha), c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin-6 were determined on admission in the sera of 119 children aged between 1 mo and 14 y who were hospitalized for rotavirus (n = 60) or bacterial diarrhoea (salmonella spp. 39 cases, shigella spp. 15 cases, campylobacter jejuni 5 cases). crp concentration was >10 mg/l in 48.3% of children with viral gastroente ... | 1999 | 10419239 |
| transcriptional activation of agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence gene promoters in escherichia coli requires the a. tumefaciens rpoa gene, encoding the alpha subunit of rna polymerase. | the two-component regulatory system, composed of vira and virg, is indispensable for transcription of virulence genes within agrobacterium tumefaciens. however, vira and virg are insufficient to activate transcription from virulence gene promoters within escherichia coli cells, indicating a requirement for additional a. tumefaciens genes. in a search for these additional genes, we have identified the rpoa gene, encoding the alpha subunit of rna polymerase (rnap), which confers significant expres ... | 1999 | 10419950 |
| serotype 1a o-antigen modification: molecular characterization of the genes involved and their novel organization in the shigella flexneri chromosome. | the factors responsible for serotype 1a o-antigen modification in shigella flexneri were localized to a 5.8-kb chromosomal hindiii fragment of serotype 1a strain y53. the entire 5.8-kb fragment and regions up- and downstream of it (10.6-kb total) were sequenced. a putative three-gene operon, which showed homology with other serotype conversion genes, was identified and shown to confer serotype 1a o-antigen modification. the serotype conversion genes were flanked on either side by phage dna. mult ... | 1999 | 10419979 |
| molecular characterization of the shv-11 beta-lactamase of shigella dysenteriae. | a beta-lactamase with an m(r) of 29,000 and a pi of 7.6 was partially purified from a clinical isolate of shigella dysenteriae. the bla gene encoded the shv-11 enzyme carrying the substitution leu-->gln at position 35 and was linked to a strong promoter. this variant, unlike the prototype shv-1 enzyme, hydrolyzed oxacillin, cloxacillin, and oxyiminocephalosporins such as cefotaxime. | 1999 | 10428943 |
| actin reorganization by sipa and salmonella invasion of epithelial cells. | 1999 | 10431200 | |
| antimicrobial activity of byrsonima crassifolia (l.) h.b.k. | from byrsonima crassifolia (l.) h.b.k. a tropical tree widely distributed in mexico, central and south america, which has been used medicinally since prehispanic times, we report here the antibacterial activities of organic extracts of roots and stems. the ethyl acetate of roots was the most active against klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epididermis, streptococcus pneumoniae and micrococcus luteus. | 1999 | 10432211 |
| [in vitro activity of trovafloxacin, of other fluoroquinolones and of related antimicrobials against clinical isolates. grupo colaborativo whonet-argentina]. | the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin (trv) has been evaluated in comparison with that of other antimicrobial agents against 5671 clinical isolates recovered by representative institutions of different provinces in our country. the resistance percentage to gentamicin and third generation cephalosporins among enterobacteriaceae was high: 17% and 16% respectively, with a considerable variation according to the analyzed species. the resistance to ciprofloxacin (cip) and trv affected approximately ... | 1999 | 10436549 |
| a low rate of nucleotide changes in escherichia coli k-12 estimated from a comparison of the genome sequences between two different substrains. | two genome sequences of escherichia coli k-12 substrains, one partial w3110 and one complete mg1655, have been determined by japanese and american genome projects, respectively. in order to estimate the rate of nucleotide changes, we directly compared 2 mb of the nucleotide sequences from these closely-related e. coli substrains. given that the two substrains separated about 40 years ago, the rate of nucleotide changes was estimated to be less than 10(-7) per site per year. this rate was support ... | 1999 | 10350060 |
| impact of simple screening criteria on utilization of low-yield bacterial stool cultures in a children's hospital. | to determine diagnostic yield of stool cultures for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter jejuni, yersinia enterocolitica, and escherichia coli o157:h7 (sscye) among hospitalized children and to develop guidelines for appropriate use of these tests. setting. tertiary care pediatric hospital. | 1999 | 10353927 |
| [the etiological structure of acute intestinal infections in children in the republic of tajikistan]. | the republic of tajikistan belongs to the territories, traditionally hyperendemic with respect to acute enteric diseases (aed). the problem of aed still remains topical in recent years, especially among child population. the study of the etiological structure of aed in children has made it possible to establish that more than 70% of these diseases are of infectious nature. the leading role in the etiological structure of these diseases belongs to shigella infections (32.4%), enterovirus diarrhea ... | 1999 | 10356735 |
| significance of cryptosporidium in acute diarrhoea in north-eastern india. | in a hospital-based study, stool samples from 2095 patients of all ages were examined for different fungal, protozoal and bacterial enteropathogens over a period of 2 years (july 1994-june 1996). cryptosporidium was detected in 151 specimens (7.2%) and was the third commonest pathogen found. the highest prevalence of this organism was in the group aged 16-45 years and during the rainy months (july-oct.). diarrhoea caused by the protozoon was of mild to moderate severity and features of dysentery ... | 1999 | 10359300 |
| a bacteriophage encoding a pathogenicity island, a type-iv pilus and a phage receptor in cholera bacteria. | the virulence properties of many pathogenic bacteria are due to proteins encoded by large gene clusters called pathogenicity islands, which are found in a variety of human pathogens including escherichia coli, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, helicobacter pylori, vibrio cholerae, and animal and plant pathogens such as dichelobacter nodosus and pseudomonas syringae. although the presence of pathogenicity islands is a prerequisite for many bacterial diseases, little is known about their origins or ... | 1999 | 10360577 |
| a functional role for ezrin during shigella flexneri entry into epithelial cells. | shigella flexneri is an enteroinvasive bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery in humans. bacterial entry into epithelial cells is a crucial step for the establishment of the infection. it is characterized by a transient reorganization of the host cell cytoskeleton at the site of bacterial interaction with the cell membrane, which leads to bacterial engulfment by a macropinocytic process. we show in this study that the membrane-cytoskeleton linker, ezrin, a member of the erm (ezrin, radixi ... | 1999 | 10362536 |
| rho family gtpases control entry of shigella flexneri into epithelial cells but not intracellular motility. | shigella flexneri, an invasive bacterial pathogen, promotes formation of two cytoskeletal structures: the entry focus that mediates bacterial uptake into epithelial cells and the actin-comet tail that enables the bacteria to spread intracellularly. during the entry step, secretion of bacterial invasins causes a massive burst of subcortical actin polymerization leading the formation of localised membrane projections. fusion of these membrane ruffles leads to bacterial internalization. inside the ... | 1999 | 10362537 |
| evaluation of statens serum institut enteric medium for detection of enteric pathogens. | the efficacy of the statens serum institut (ssi) enteric medium for isolation and direct identification of enteric pathogens was evaluated. six different biochemical reactions can be read by using the ssi enteric medium, allowing direct identification of a range of enteric pathogens. all 248 gram-negative bacterial species that were tested grew on the ssi enteric medium. only 10 of 248 bacteria (4%) showed discrepant results in the biochemical reactions, and none of these were enteric pathogens. ... | 1999 | 10364603 |
| an untypeable shigella flexneri strain associated with an outbreak in california. | eleven shigella flexneri (group b) isolates were recovered from epidemiologically linked patrons and food handlers from a restaurant-associated outbreak of shigellosis. six isolates available for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were identical. all strains agglutinated in group b and subgroup factor 6 sera but not in group 1 through group 6 sera. | 1999 | 10364614 |
| shiga/verocytotoxins and shiga/verotoxigenic escherichia coli in animals. | vero/shiga toxins (vt/stx) have an a-b structure: the a subunit carries the enzymatic activity and the b subunit binds the toxin to the membrane receptor (gb3 or gb4). the vt/stx inhibit protein synthesis in the target eucaryotic cells, mainly the endothelial cells of blood vessels. the vt/stx are subdivided into two families. vt1/stx1 is a homogeneous family of toxins identical to the stx of shigella dysenteriae. vt2/stx2 is a more heterogeneous family of toxins more distantly related to this s ... | 1999 | 10367357 |
| ipac induces actin polymerization and filopodia formation during shigella entry into epithelial cells. | shigella proteins that are targeted to host cells by a type iii secretion apparatus are essential for reorganization of the cytoskeleton during cell invasion. we have developed a semi-permeabilized cell assay that tests the effects of bacterial proteins on the actin cytoskeleton. the shigella ipac protein was found to induce the formation of filopodial and lamellipodial extensions in these semi-permeabilized cells. microinjection of ipac into cells, or cellular expression of ipac also led to the ... | 1999 | 10369666 |
| antimicrobial activity of wedelia trilobata crude extracts. | a biological screening of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungi of crude extracts from wedelia trilobata is reported. the n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis, mycobacterium smegmatis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis (gram-positive bacteria); along with proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella group c, salmonella paratyphi, and shigella sonnei (gram-negative bacteria). the ethyl acetate e ... | 1999 | 10374253 |
| common intra-articular t cell expansions in patients with reactive arthritis: identical beta-chain junctional sequences and cytotoxicity toward hla-b27. | spondyloarthropathies constitute a group of autoimmune diseases of special interest because of their tight association with the mhc class i molecule hla-b27 and the bacterial triggering of some clinical forms called reactive arthritis (rea). one current hypothesis is the presentation by hla-b27 of a so-called arthritogenic peptide to t cells. to better focus on the relevant t cell populations within the joint, we performed an extensive beta-chain t cell repertoire analysis of synovial fluid comp ... | 1999 | 10201900 |
| enteropathogenic bacteria in faecal swabs of young children fed on lactic acid-fermented cereal gruels. | the influence of consumption of a lactic acid-fermented cereal gruel togwa with ph < or = 4 on the presence of faecal enteric bacteria such as campylobacter, enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec:o157), enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), salmonella and shigella was evaluated. under 5 years old healthy children listed in an ascending order of age were alternatively assigned and given either a lactic-acid fermented cereal gruel togwa (test diet) or an unfermented cereal gruel uji (contro ... | 1999 | 10098782 |
| killed oral shigella vaccine made from shigella flexneri 2a protects against challenge in the rabbit model of shigellosis. | the protective efficacy of an orally administered heat-killed virulent strain of shigella flexneri 2a (5 weekly oral doses) was evaluated in 25 rabbits (14 immunized and 11 non-immunized controls) against challenge with the same strain of shigella using the rabbit model of shigellosis. all 11 non-immunized rabbits developed bloody diarrhoea following challenge and 6 (54%) died. none of the 14 immunized rabbits developed diarrhoea (all had pellet stools) but 3 (21%) died from causes not associate ... | 1999 | 10102148 |
| analysis, expression and prevalence of the mycobacterium tuberculosis homolog of bacterial virulence regulating proteins. | we have previously reported the identification of a gene from mycobacterium tuberculosis, h37rv, which on the basis of its nucleotide sequence encoded a protein product of 38 kda. this 38-kda mycobacterial protein designated as virs exhibits homology with the virf protein of shigella, the virfy protein of yersinia and the cfad, rns and fapr proteins from various enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains. in this communication, we show the close sequence and structural similarities of the virs pro ... | 1999 | 10188241 |
| evaluation of xylose-galactosidase medium, a new plate for the isolation of salmonella, shigella, yersinia and aeromonas species. | 1999 | 10192724 | |
| rupture of the intestinal epithelial barrier and mucosal invasion by shigella flexneri. | invasion of the intestinal barrier by shigella flexneri involves complex interactions with epithelial and phagocytic cells. major perturbation of the signals that maintain epithelial integrity permits mucosal invasion, leading to tissue destruction. expression of this invasive phenotype depends on the secretion of ipa proteins (invasins), which can trigger entry of the pathogen into epithelial cells by causing massive rearrangement of the host cell cytoskeleton and cause macrophage apoptotic dea ... | 1999 | 10194063 |
| [bacteriological studies of traveller's diarrhoea (6). analysis of enteropathogenic bacteria at kansai airport quarantine station from september 4th, 1994 through december 1996]. | during the period of investigation from sept. 4, 1994 to dec, 1996, a total of 11,446,534 overseas travellers were quarantined at kansai airport quarantine station, and 22,187 voluntarily reported of episodes suffering from diarrhoea. bacteriological examination of the stools a total of 9,299 individuals' was performed, and the following results were obtained. 1) various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 33.3% of the stools examined. bacterial species isolated were as follows: plesiom ... | 1999 | 10213987 |
| protein conjugates of synthetic saccharides elicit higher levels of serum igg lipopolysaccharide antibodies in mice than do those of the o-specific polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | our development of vaccines to prevent shigellosis is based on the hypothesis that a critical (protective) level of serum igg to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domain of shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) confers immunity. the o-sp is a hapten and must be conjugated to a protein to induce serum antibodies. the o-sp of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (approximately 27 tetrasaccharide repeat units), prepared by acid hydrolysis of the lps, was bound to human serum albumin (hsa) by multiple point a ... | 1999 | 10220442 |
| enteropathogenic e. coli, salmonella, and shigella: masters of host cell cytoskeletal exploitation. | bacterial pathogens have evolved numerous strategies to exploit their host's cellular processes so that they can survive and persist. often, a bacterium must adhere very tightly to the cells and mediate its effects extracellularly, or it must find a way to invade the host's cells and survive intracellularly. in either case, the pathogen hijacks the host's cytoskeleton. the cytoskeleton provides a flexible framework for the cell and is involved in mediating numerous cellular functions, from cell ... | 1999 | 10221873 |
| an epidemic of bloody diarrhea: escherichia coli o157 emerging in cameroon? | between november 1997 and april 20, 1998, bloody diarrhea sickened 298 persons in cameroon. laboratory investigation of the epidemic (case-fatality rate, 16.4%) documented amoebiasis in one of three patients and three types of pathogens: multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1, s. boydii, and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. we report the first isolation of e. coli o157:h7 in cameroon and the second series of cases in the central african region. | 1999 | 10221885 |
| host cell death due to enteropathogenic escherichia coli has features of apoptosis. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is a cause of prolonged watery diarrhea in children in developing countries. the ability of epec to kill host cells was investigated in vitro in assays using two human cultured cell lines, hela (cervical) and t84 (colonic). epec killed epithelial cells as assessed by permeability to the vital dyes trypan blue and propidium iodide. in addition, epec triggered changes in the host cell, suggesting apoptosis as the mode of death; such changes included early e ... | 1999 | 10225923 |
| outbreaks of shigella sonnei infection associated with eating fresh parsley--united states and canada, july-august 1998. | in august 1998, the minnesota department of health reported to cdc two restaurant-associated outbreaks of shigella sonnei infections. isolates from both outbreaks had two closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns that differed only by a single band. epidemiologic investigations implicated chopped, uncooked, curly parsley as the common vehicle for these outbreaks. through inquiries to health departments and public health laboratories, six similar outbreaks were identified d ... | 1999 | 10227795 |
| safety and immunogenicity of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri 2a o-specific polysaccharide conjugates in children. | o-specific polysaccharide conjugates of shigellae were safe and immunogenic in young adults, and a shigella sonnei conjugate conferred protection [1-3]. shigellosis is primarily a disease of children; therefore, the safety and immunogenicity of s. sonnei and shigella flexneri 2a conjugates were studied in 4- to 7-year-old children. local and systemic reactions were minimal. the first injection of both conjugates elicited significant rises in geometric mean levels of serum igg only to the homolog ... | 1999 | 10228084 |
| microbiological safety of drinking water: united states and global perspectives. | waterborne disease statistics only begin to estimate the global burden of infectious diseases from contaminated drinking water. diarrheal disease is dramatically underreported and etiologies seldom diagnosed. this review examines available data on waterborne disease incidence both in the united states and globally together with its limitations. the waterborne route of transmission is examined for bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens that either are frequently associated with drinking water ... | 1999 | 10229718 |
| [infections from shigella and enteroinvasive escherchia coli (eiec) strains]. | 1999 | 10230218 | |
| the unipolar shigella surface protein icsa is targeted directly to the bacterial old pole: icsp cleavage of icsa occurs over the entire bacterial surface. | shigella flexneri is an intracellular pathogen that is able to move within the cytoplasm of infected cells by the continual assembly of actin onto one pole of the bacterium. icsa, an outer membrane protein, is localized to the old pole of the bacterium and is both necessary and sufficient for actin assembly. icsa is slowly cleaved from the bacterial surface by the protease icsp (sopa). absence of icsp leads to an alteration in the distribution of surface icsa, such that the polar cap is maintain ... | 1999 | 10231492 |
| isolation of shigella sonnei lysogenic for a bacteriophage encoding gene for production of shiga toxin. | 1999 | 10232325 | |
| shigella flexneri ysh6000 induces two types of cell death, apoptosis and oncosis, in the differentiated human monoblastic cell line u937. | shigella flexneri, but not a non-invasive mutant derivative rapidly induced cell death in human monoblastic u937 cells as well as in differentiated cells pretreated with interferon-gamma (ifn gamma) or retinoic acid (ra). we investigated the morphological and biochemical characteristics of bacterial invasion-induced cell death in these differentiated u937 cells. ifn gamma-differentiated cells showed morphological changes typical of apoptosis and their dna was cleaved giving a ladder-like electro ... | 1999 | 10234825 |
| a comparative study of the actin-based motilities of the pathogenic bacteria listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri and rickettsia conorii. | listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, and rickettsia conorii are three bacterial pathogens that are able to polymerize actin into 'comet tail' structures and move within the cytosol of infected cells. the actin-based motilities of l. monocytogenes and s. flexneri are known to require the bacterial proteins acta and icsa, respectively, and several mammalian cytoskeleton proteins including the arp2/3 complex and vasp (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) for l. monocytogenes and vinculin an ... | 1999 | 10318762 |
| trafficking of shigella lipopolysaccharide in polarized intestinal epithelial cells. | bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) at the apical surface of polarized intestinal epithelial cells was previously shown to be transported from the apical to the basolateral pole of the epithelium (beatty, w.l., and p.j. sansonetti. 1997. infect. immun. 65:4395-4404). the present study was designed to elucidate the transcytotic pathway of lps and to characterize the endocytic compartments involved in this process. confocal and electron microscopic analyses revealed that lps internalized at the api ... | 1999 | 10330399 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreaks of shigella sonnei infection associated with eating fresh parsley--united states and canada, july-august 1998. | 1999 | 10340347 | |
| the effectiveness of triclosan-incorporated plastic against bacteria on beef surfaces. | triclosan is a nonionic, broad-spectrum, antimicrobial agent that has been incorporated into a variety of personal hygiene products, including hand soaps, deodorants, shower gels, mouthwashes, and toothpastes. in this study, plastic containing 1,500 ppm of triclosan was evaluated in plate overlay assays and meat experiments as a means of reducing populations of bacteria. plate overlay assays indicated that the triclosan-incorporated plastic (tip) inhibited the following organisms: brochothrix th ... | 1999 | 10340667 |
| lethality of a heat- and phosphate-catalyzed glucose by-product to escherichia coli o157:h7 and partial protection conferred by the rpos regulon. | a by-product of glucose produced during sterilization (121 degrees c, 15 lb/in2, 15 min) at neutral ph and in the presence of phosphate (i.e., phosphate-buffered saline) was bactericidal to escherichia coli o157:h7 (atcc 43895). other six-carbon (fructose and galactose) and five-carbon (arabinose, ribose, and xylose) reducing sugars also produced a toxic by-product under the same conditions. fructose and the five-carbon sugars yielded the most bactericidal activity. glucose concentrations of 1% ... | 1999 | 10347019 |
| [lipopolysaccharide from photosynthetic bacteria blocks ca2+ response of human neutrophils induced by endotoxins from shigella flexneri and its re-mutant]. | 1999 | 10347828 | |
| bacterial diarrheal pathogens. | 1999 | 10079856 | |
| [distribution of salmonella spp. serotypes isolated in spain during a 4-year period (1993-1996)]. | knowledge of the epidemiology of salmonellosis over time is the main tool for public health care control of this disease which is the main cause of alimentary toxic infections in spain. the epidemiologic marker of choice in this genus is the stable, simple technique of serotyping, which, given its wide use allows the follow up of the main serotypes over the years. this study analyzes the seasonal trends of the main serotypes of salmonella received in the national reference laboratory of salmonel ... | 1999 | 10069106 |
| laboratory surveillance of shigella dysenteriae type 1 in kwazulu-natal. | to collect data on the antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella dysenteriae type 1 in kwazulu-natal, including the testing of newer therapeutic agents, and to evaluate the ability of laboratories to participate in a provincial surveillance programme. | 1999 | 10070415 |
| interactions between vaccinia virus iev membrane proteins and their roles in iev assembly and actin tail formation. | the intracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus (iev) induces the formation of actin tails that are strikingly similar to those seen in listeria and shigella infections. in contrast to the case for listeria and shigella, the vaccinia virus protein(s) responsible for directly initiating actin tail formation remains obscure. however, previous studies with recombinant vaccinia virus strains have suggested that the iev-specific proteins a33r, a34r, a36r, b5r, and f13l play an undefined role in ac ... | 1999 | 10074134 |
| role of the s. typhimurium actin-binding protein sipa in bacterial internalization. | entry of the bacterium salmonella typhimurium into host cells requires membrane ruffling and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. here, it is shown that the bacterial protein sipa plays a critical role in this process. sipa binds directly to actin, decreases its critical concentration, and inhibits depolymerization of actin filaments. these activities result in the spatial localization and more pronounced outward extension of the salmonella-induced membrane ruffles, thereby facilitating bact ... | 1999 | 10092234 |
| natural antibiotic susceptibility of escherichia coli, shigella, e. vulneris, and e. hermannii strains. | the natural antibiotic susceptibility of 139 escherichia coli strains (including 18 enterohemorrhagic e. coli), 73 shigella strains (s. sonnei (n = 37), s. flexneri (n = 29), s. boydii (n = 6), s. dysenteriae (n = 1)), 23 e. vulneris, and 20 e. hermannii strains toward 71 antibiotics was examined. mics were determined using a microdilution procedure. all examined taxa were naturally sensitive/intermediate toward tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, some penicillins (amoxycillin/clavulanate, ampicilli ... | 1999 | 10092968 |
| binding site recognition by rns, a virulence regulator in the arac family. | the expression of cs1 pili by enterotoxigenic strains of escherichia coli is regulated at the transcriptional level and requires the virulence regulator rns, a member of the arac family of regulatory proteins. rns binds at two separate sites upstream of pcoo (the promoter of cs1 pilin genes), which were identified in vitro with an mbp::rns fusion protein in gel mobility and dnase i footprinting assays. at each site, rns recognizes asymmetric nucleotide sequences in two regions of the major groov ... | 1999 | 10094688 |
| the mxi-spa type iii secretory pathway of shigella flexneri requires an outer membrane lipoprotein, mxim, for invasin translocation. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri is mediated by a set of translocated bacterial invasins, the ipa proteins, and its dedicated type iii secretion system, called mxi-spa. we show here that mxim, part of the mxi-spa locus in the s. flexneri virulence plasmid, encodes an indispensable type iii secretion apparatus component, required for both ipa translocation and tissue culture cell invasion. we demonstrated that mature mxim, first identified as a putative lipoprotein, is lipidated ... | 1999 | 10085046 |
| adaptive immune response to shigella flexneri 2a cydc in immunocompetent mice and mice lacking immunoglobulin a. | shigella flexneri cydc, which is deficient in cytochrome bd, was rapidly cleared from the lungs of intranasally inoculated mice and was sereny negative, yet it induced 93% protection against challenge with wild-type s. flexneri. mice that lack immunoglobulin a (iga) were fully protected, suggesting that iga may not be required for adaptive immunity in this model system. | 1999 | 10085048 |
| [bacillary dysentery, ekiri]. | 1999 | 10088448 | |
| the penicillins. | the penicillin family of antibiotics remains an important part of our antimicrobial armamentarium. in general, these agents have bactericidal activity, excellent distribution throughout the body, low toxicity, and efficacy against infections caused by susceptible bacteria. the initial introduction of aqueous penicillin g for treatment of streptococcal and staphylococcal infections was an important pharmacologic landmark. the emergence of penicillinase-producing staphylococcus aureus prompted the ... | 1999 | 10090000 |
| [acute diarrhea in children less than 3 years of age: enteropathogens isolated in patient's stools, compared with a control group] | objectives: to observe the occurrence of different etiological agents of acute diarrhea (ad) in stool specimens of patients and children in a control group. material and methods: 100 children less than three years of age with ad were studied as well as 100 controls, between november 1993 and may 1994. stool specimens were collected in both groups and the following enteropathogens were searched for: rotavirus, escherichia coli (epec, etec, eiec, ehec), salmonella sp, shigella sp, campylobacter je ... | 1999 | 14685548 |
| moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039): a new methoxy quinolone antibacterial. | moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039) is a new 8 methoxy quinolone antibacterial. the mic90 values are < or = 0.25 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae (irrespective of penicillin susceptibility), haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive or negative), morexella catarrhalis, bordetella pertussis, legionella sp., mycoplasma pneumoniae, clamydia pneumoniae, mycobacterium tuberculosis, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, beta-haemolytic streptococci (macrolide-sensitive or -resistant), listeria sp ... | 1999 | 15992072 |
| [studies on the anti-enteropathogenic bacteria action of herba pogostemonis extracts]. | the results of antimicrobial test in vitro of water-extracts and volatile oil of the herba pogostemonis shown that the water-extracts posses some inhibitory activity on all the tested bacteria, including salmonella, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri and staphylococcus aureus, while inhibition to s. aureus is more stronger than to enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.01). in addition, the activity of anti-enteropathogens of water-extracts of the herb collected from gaoyao county is more stronger than of t ... | 1999 | 12571888 |
| virulence factors of salmonella ser. enteritidis strains isolated in italy from food-borne outbreaks. | twelve salmonella ser. enteritidis strains phage type 4 isolated in italy from different food-borne outbreaks were characterized for the expression of different virulence traits, for antibiotic resistance, and for plasmid dna profile. all the twelve s. enteritidis strains were able to invade and multiply within hela cell monolayers, even if at a lower efficiency if compared to an invasive shigella flexneri strain. the strains were not hemolytic and produced only a moderate-level cytotoxic effect ... | 1999 | 12783651 |
| host responses to secreted shigella virulence factors. | shigella and related enteropathogens deliver effector molecules into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and macrophages via a type iii secretion system. epithelial cells respond to contact with shigella by rearranging the cytoskeleton, which leads to uptake of the bacterium. apart from several cytoskeletal proteins, this process involves the recruitment and activation of kinases, and the small gtpase rho. macrophages infected with shigella undergo apoptosis and release mature il-1beta, a pro-infl ... | 1999 | 17035783 |
| bacterial infections of the small intestine and colon. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae o1, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella species, and shigella species are major causes of morbidity and death in diarrheal disease. more recently recognized pathogens are v. cholerae o139 and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. in addition to this, several presumptive virulence factors have been identified in diarrheagenic e. coli and in other species. to confirm these as virulence factors we need good diagnostic tools and good epidemiological studies. these ... | 1999 | 17023917 |
| foodborne infections. | the role of foodborne infections in the health of the population has become of major concern recently. numerous agents are transmitted in food and water and typically result in acute gastroenteritis, although long-term complications such as reactive arthritis (due to salmonella, yersinia, and shigella organisms), guillain-barré syndrome (due to campylobacter organisms), and renal failure (due to escherichia coli) are now well recognized. the development of foodnet to follow the epidemiology of s ... | 1999 | 17024004 |
| synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of d metal complexes of some 2-substituted-1h-benzimidazoles. | the metal complexes of nine 2-substituted-1h-benzimidazoles (i-ix) with ni(ii), pd(ii), cu(ii), ag(i), zn(ii) salts were synthesized. the compounds were characterized by melting point, analytical data, ir spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility. the antimicrobial activity of the compounds was determined by the disk diffusion method in mueller-hinton agar on staphylococcus aureusatcc 6538, staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 12228, escherichia coli atcc 8739, klebsiella pneumoniae atcc 4352, pseudom ... | 1999 | 18472907 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of tn10. | the complete nucleotide sequence of tn10 has been determined. the dinucleotide signature and percent g+c of the sequence had no discontinuities, indicating that tn10 constitutes a homogeneous unit. the new sequence contained three new open reading frames corresponding to a glutamate permease, repressors of heavy metal resistance operons, and a hypothetical protein in bacillus subtilis. the glutamate permease was fully functional when expressed, but tn10 did not protect escherichia coli from the ... | 2000 | 10781570 |
| grb2 links signaling to actin assembly by enhancing interaction of neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) with actin-related protein (arp2/3) complex. | proteins of the wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (wasp) family connect signaling pathways to the actin polymerization-driven cell motility. the ubiquitous homolog of wasp, n-wasp, is a multidomain protein that interacts with the arp2/3 complex and g-actin via its c-terminal wa domain to stimulate actin polymerization. the activity of n-wasp is enhanced by the binding of effectors like cdc42-guanosine 5'-3-o-(thio)triphosphate, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, or the shigella icsa protein. here ... | 2000 | 10781580 |