Publications

bile-induced peptidoglycan remodelling in salmonella enterica.	changes in the peptidoglycan (pg) structure of salmonella enterica are detected in the presence of a sublethal concentration of sodium deoxycholate (doc): (i) lower proportions of braun lipoprotein (lpp)-bound muropeptides; (ii) reduced levels of muropeptides cross-linked by l(meso)-diaminopimelyl-d(meso)-diaminopimelic acid (l-d) peptide bridges (3-3 cross-links). similar structural changes are found in s. enterica cultures adapted to grow in the presence of a lethal concentration of doc, sugge ...	2015	24762004
rapid salmonella detection in experimentally inoculated equine faecal and veterinary hospital environmental samples using commercially available lateral flow immunoassays.	salmonella enterica is the most commonly reported cause of outbreaks of nosocomial infections in large animal veterinary teaching hospitals and the closure of equine hospitals. rapid detection may facilitate effective control practices in equine populations. shipping and laboratory testing typically require ≥48 h to obtain results. lateral flow immunoassays developed for use in food-safety microbiology provide an alternative that has not been evaluated for use with faeces or environmental sample ...	2015	24506224
fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica in the manure-amended soil-plant ecosystem of fresh vegetable crops: a review.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and salmonella enterica have been implicated in several disease outbreaks linked to consumption of fresh vegetables. both ruminant and non-ruminant animals carry ehec and s. enterica in their gastrointestinal tracts and can shed the pathogens in the faecal matter both in symptomatic and asymptomatic states. application of animal waste in soil fertility management and irrigation of crops with contaminated waste water has been recognised as an important ro ...	2015	24083946
role of host cell-derived amino acids in nutrition of intracellular salmonella enterica.	the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica resides in a specific membrane-bound compartment termed the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). despite being segregated from access to metabolites in the host cell cytosol, salmonella is able to efficiently proliferate within the scv. we set out to unravel the nutritional supply of salmonella in the scv with focus on amino acids. we studied the availability of amino acids by the generation of auxotrophic strains for alanine, asparagine ...	2015	26351287
aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide exerts opposing effects on thiamine synthesis in salmonella enterica.	in salmonella enterica, the thiamine biosynthetic intermediate 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (air) can be synthesized de novo independently of the early purine biosynthetic reactions. this secondary route to air synthesis is dependent on (i) 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribotide (aicar) accumulation, (ii) a functional phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide (saicar) synthetase (purc; ec 6.3.2.6), and (iii) methionine and lysine in the growth medium. studies presented here show that aicar i ...	2015	26100042
the outer membrane protease pgte of salmonella enterica interferes with the alternative complement pathway by cleaving factors b and h.	the virulence factor pgte is an outer membrane protease (omptin) of the zoonotic pathogen salmonella enterica that causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to severe enteric fever. it is surface exposed in bacteria that have a short-chain, i.e., rough lps, as observed e.g., in bacteria residing inside macrophages or just emerging from them. we investigated whether pgte cleaves the complement factors b (b) and h (h), key proteins controlling formation and inactivation of the complement protei ...	2015	25705210
poultry body temperature contributes to invasion control through reduced expression of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 genes in salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis.	salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and enteritidis (s. enteritidis) are foodborne pathogens, and outbreaks are often associated with poultry products. chickens are typically asymptomatic when colonized by these serovars; however, the factors contributing to this observation are uncharacterized. whereas symptomatic mammals have a body temperature between 37°c and 39°c, chickens have a body temperature of 41°c to 42°c. here, in vivo experiments using chicks demonstrated that ...	2015	26386070
the development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	typhoid fever remains a public health threat in many countries. a positive result in traditional culture is a gold-standard for typhoid diagnosis, but this method is time consuming and not sensitive enough for detection of samples containing a low copy number of the target organism. the availability of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay, which offers high speed and simplicity in detection of specific targets, has vastly improved the diagnosis of numerous infectious diseases. ...	2015	25910059
presence of zoonotic agents in engorged ticks and hedgehog faeces from erinaceus europaeus in (sub) urban areas.	european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are hosts for ixodes hexagonus and i. ricinus ticks, which are vectors for zoonotic microorganisms. in addition, hedgehogs may carry several enteric zoonoses as well. it is unclear to what extent a presence of pathogens in hedgehogs poses a risk to public health, as information on the presence of zoonotic agents in hedgehogs in urban areas is relatively scarce.	2015	25885888
bacterial flagella: twist and stick, or dodge across the kingdoms.	the flagellum organelle is an intricate multiprotein assembly best known for its rotational propulsion of bacteria. however, recent studies have expanded our knowledge of other functions in pathogenic contexts, particularly adherence and immune modulation, e.g., for salmonella enterica, campylobacter jejuni, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and escherichia coli. flagella-mediated adherence is important in host colonisation for several plant and animal pathogens, but the specific interactions that promote ...	2015	25590430
la35 poultry fecal marker persistence is correlated with that of indicators and pathogens in environmental waters.	disposal of fecally contaminated poultry litter by land application can deliver pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria (fib) into receiving waters via runoff. while water quality is regulated by fib enumeration, fib testing provides inadequate information about contamination source and health risk. this microbial source tracking (mst) study compared the persistence of the brevibacterium sp. strain la35 16s rrna gene (marker) for poultry litter with that of pathogens and fib under outdoor, enviro ...	2015	25934617
plant pathogen-induced water-soaking promotes salmonella enterica growth on tomato leaves.	plant pathogen infection is a critical factor for the persistence of salmonella enterica on plants. we investigated the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of s. enterica on diseased tomato plants by using four diverse bacterial spot xanthomonas species that differ in disease severities. xanthomonas euvesicatoria and x. gardneri infection fostered s. enterica growth, while x. perforans infection did not induce growth but supported the persistence of s. enterica. x. vesicatoria-infected le ...	2015	26386057
cilantro microbiome before and after nonselective pre-enrichment for salmonella using 16s rrna and metagenomic sequencing.	salmonella enterica is a common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the united states and is associated with outbreaks in fresh produce such as cilantro. salmonella culture-based detection methods are complex and time consuming, and improvments to increase detection sensitivity will benefit consumers. in this study, we used 16s rrna sequencing to determine the microbiome of cilantro. we also investigated changes to the microbial community prior to and after a 24-hour nonselective pre-enrichmen ...	2015	26264042
structural features reminiscent of atp-driven protein translocases are essential for the function of a type iii secretion-associated atpase.	many bacterial pathogens and symbionts utilize type iii secretion systems to interact with their hosts. these machines have evolved to deliver bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic target cells to modulate a variety of cellular functions. one of the most conserved components of these systems is an atpase, which plays an essential role in the recognition and unfolding of proteins destined for secretion by the type iii pathway. here we show that structural features reminiscent of other atp-d ...	2015	26170413
downy mildew disease promotes the colonization of romaine lettuce by escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica.	downy mildew, a plant disease caused by the oomycete bremia lactucae, is endemic in many lettuce-growing regions of the world. invasion by plant pathogens may create new portals and opportunities for microbial colonization of plants. the occurrence of outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) and salmonella enterica typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infections linked to lettuce prompted us to investigate the role of downy mildew in the colonization of romaine lettuce by these human pathogens und ...	2015	25648408
development of a protocol for predicting bacterial resistance to microbicides.	regulations dealing with microbicides in europe and the united states are evolving and now require data on the risk of the development of resistance in organisms targeted by microbicidal products. there is no standard protocol to assess the risk of the development of resistance to microbicidal formulations. this study aimed to validate the use of changes in microbicide and antibiotic susceptibility as initial markers for predicting microbicide resistance and cross-resistance to antibiotics. thre ...	2015	25636848
the diagnostic accuracy of three rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever at chittagong medical college hospital, chittagong, bangladesh.	to determine the diagnostic accuracy of three rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for typhoid fever in febrile hospitalised patients in bangladesh.	2015	26094960
intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens.	a community-based sessile life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. under such conditions, cell-to-cell interactions are inevitable and ultimately lead to the establishment of dense, complex and highly structured biofilm populations encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular matrix and capable of coordinated and collective behavior. remarkably, in food processing environments, a variety of different bacteria may attach to surfaces, survive, grow, and for ...	2015	26347727
a macrophage subversion factor is shared by intracellular and extracellular pathogens.	pathogenic bacteria have developed strategies to adapt to host environment and resist host immune response. several intracellular bacterial pathogens, including salmonella enterica and mycobacterium tuberculosis, share the horizontally-acquired mgtc virulence factor that is important for multiplication inside macrophages. mgtc is also found in pathogenic pseudomonas species. here we investigate for the first time the role of mgtc in the virulence of an extracellular pathogen, pseudomonas aerugin ...	2015	26080006
conjunctival flora of clinically normal and diseased turtles and tortoises.	in captive breed turtles and tortoises conjunctival disease is common. our aim was to investigate the bacterial and fungal flora present in the eyes of healthy and pathological chelonians and to compare findings in turtles with those in tortoises.	2015	25889261
phylogenetic and amino acid conservation analyses of bacterial l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase and of its zymogen-maturation protein reveal a putative interaction domain.	all organisms must synthesize the enzymatic cofactor coenzyme a (coa) from the precursor pantothenate. most bacteria can synthesize pantothenate de novo by the condensation of pantoate and β-alanine. the synthesis of β-alanine is catalyzed by l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase (pand), a pyruvoyl enzyme that is initially synthesized as a zymogen (pro-pand). active pand is generated by self-cleavage of pro-pand at gly24-ser25 creating the active-site pyruvoyl moiety. in salmonella enterica, this cleavage ...	2015	26276430
the extended regulatory networks of sxt/r391 integrative and conjugative elements and inca/c conjugative plasmids.	nowadays, healthcare systems are challenged by a major worldwide drug resistance crisis caused by the massive and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and associated emergence of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, in both clinical and environmental settings. conjugation is the main driving force of gene transfer among microorganisms. this mechanism of horizontal gene transfer mediates the translocation of large dna fragments between two bacterial cells in direct contact. inte ...	2015	26347724
small rna-based feedforward loop with and-gate logic regulates extrachromosomal dna transfer in salmonella.	horizontal gene transfer via plasmid conjugation is a major driving force in microbial evolution but constitutes a complex process that requires synchronization with the physiological state of the host bacteria. although several host transcription factors are known to regulate plasmid-borne transfer genes, rna-based regulatory circuits for host-plasmid communication remain unknown. we describe a posttranscriptional mechanism whereby the hfq-dependent small rna, rpra, inhibits transfer of pslt, t ...	2015	26307765
temperature-sensitive salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt13a expressing essential proteins of psychrophilic bacteria.	synthetic genes based on deduced amino acid sequences of the nad-dependent dna ligase (liga) and ctp synthetase (pyrg) of psychrophilic bacteria were substituted for their native homologues in the genome of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 13a (pt13a). the resulting strains were rendered temperature sensitive (ts) and did not revert to temperature resistance at a detectable level. at permissive temperatures, ts strains grew like the parental strain in broth medium and in macrop ...	2015	26187965
inhibition of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria by a novel biofilm-forming lactobacillus isolate: a potential host for the expression of heterologous proteins.	bacterial biofilms are a preferred mode of growth for many types of microorganisms in their natural environments. the ability of pathogens to integrate within a biofilm is pivotal to their survival. the possibility of biofilm formation in lactobacillus communities is also important in various industrial and medical settings. lactobacilli can eliminate the colonization of different pathogenic microorganisms. alternatively, new opportunities are now arising with the rapidly expanding potential of ...	2015	26150120
the stringent response regulator dksa is required for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium growth in minimal medium, motility, biofilm formation, and intestinal colonization.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a facultative intracellular human and animal bacterial pathogen posing a major threat to public health worldwide. salmonella pathogenicity requires complex coordination of multiple physiological and virulence pathways. dksa is a conserved gram-negative regulator that belongs to a distinct group of transcription factors that bind directly to the rna polymerase secondary channel, potentiating the effect of the signaling molecule ppgpp during a stringent r ...	2015	26553464
regulation of fucose and 1,2-propanediol utilization by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	after ingestion, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) encounters a densely populated, competitive environment in the gastrointestinal tract. to escape nutrient limitation caused by the intestinal microbiota, this pathogen has acquired specific metabolic traits to use compounds that are not metabolized by the commensal bacteria. for example, the utilization of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd), a product of the fermentation of l-fucose, which is present in foods of herbal origin and is ...	2015	26528264
new insights into the biological role of the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria.	this review emphasizes the biological roles of the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs). osmoregulated periplasmic glucans occur in almost all α-, β- and γ-proteobacteria. this polymer of glucose is required for full virulence. the roles of the opgs are complex and vary depending on the species. here, we outline the four major roles of the opgs through four different pathogenic and one symbiotic bacterial models (dickeya dadantii, salmonella enterica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, brucella abortus ...	2015	26265506
two-step ligand binding in a (βα)8 barrel enzyme: substrate-bound structures shed new light on the catalytic cycle of hisa.	hisa is a (βα)8 barrel enzyme that catalyzes the amadori rearrangement of n'-[(5'-phosphoribosyl)formimino]-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (profar) to n'-((5'-phosphoribulosyl) formimino)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide (prfar) in the histidine biosynthesis pathway, and it is a paradigm for the study of enzyme evolution. still, its exact catalytic mechanism has remained unclear. here, we present crystal structures of wild type salmonella enterica hisa (sehisa) in its ...	2015	26294764
protozoan cysts act as a survival niche and protective shelter for foodborne pathogenic bacteria.	the production of cysts, an integral part of the life cycle of many free-living protozoa, allows these organisms to survive adverse environmental conditions. given the prevalence of free-living protozoa in food-related environments, it is hypothesized that these organisms play an important yet currently underinvestigated role in the epidemiology of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. intracystic bacterial survival is highly relevant, as this would allow bacteria to survive the stringent cleaning and ...	2015	26070667
the o-antigen capsule of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium facilitates serum resistance and surface expression of flic.	group iv polysaccharide capsules are common in enteric bacteria and have more recently been described in nontyphoidal salmonella species. such capsules are known as o-antigen (o-ag) capsules, due to their high degree of similarity to the o-ag of the lipopolysaccharide (lpso-ag). capsular polysaccharides are known virulence factors of many bacterial pathogens, facilitating evasion of immune recognition and systemic dissemination within the host. previous studies on the o-ag capsule of salmonellae ...	2015	26195553
meta-genomic analysis of toilet waste from long distance flights; a step towards global surveillance of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance.	human populations worldwide are increasingly confronted with infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance spreading faster and appearing more frequently. knowledge regarding their occurrence and worldwide transmission is important to control outbreaks and prevent epidemics. here, we performed shotgun sequencing of toilet waste from 18 international airplanes arriving in copenhagen, denmark, from nine cities in three world regions. an average of 18.6 gb (14.8 to 25.7 gb) of raw illumina paire ...	2015	26161690
the periplasmic nitrate reductase napabc supports luminal growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium during colitis.	the food-borne pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium benefits from acute inflammation in part by using host-derived nitrate to respire anaerobically and compete successfully with the commensal microbes during growth in the intestinal lumen. the s. typhimurium genome contains three nitrate reductases, encoded by the narghi, narzyv, and napabc genes. work on homologous genes present in escherichia coli suggests that nitrate reductase a, encoded by the narghi genes, is the main enzyme pr ...	2015	26099579
distribution and characterization of salmonella enterica isolates from irrigation ponds in the southeastern united states.	irrigation water has been implicated as a likely source of produce contamination by salmonella enterica. therefore, the distribution of s. enterica was surveyed monthly in irrigation ponds (n = 10) located within a prime agricultural region in southern georgia and northern florida. all ponds and 28.2% of all samples (n = 635) were positive for salmonella, with an overall geometric mean concentration (0.26 most probable number [mpn]/liter) that was relatively low compared to prior reports for riv ...	2015	25911476
extracellular zinc induces phosphoethanolamine addition to pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid a via the colrs two-component system.	gram-negative bacteria survive harmful environmental stressors by modifying their outer membrane. much of this protection is afforded upon remodeling of the lipid a region of the major surface molecule lipopolysaccharide (lps). for example, the addition of cationic substituents, such as 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-ara4n) and phosphoehthanolamine (petn) at the lipid a phosphate groups, is often induced in response to specific environmental flux stabilizing the outer membrane. the work herein r ...	2015	25846400
increased efficiency of campylobacter jejuni n-oligosaccharyltransferase pglb by structure-guided engineering.	conjugate vaccines belong to the most efficient preventive measures against life-threatening bacterial infections. functional expression of n-oligosaccharyltransferase (n-ost) pglb of campylobacter jejuni in escherichia coli enables a simplified production of glycoconjugate vaccines in prokaryotic cells. polysaccharide antigens of pathogenic bacteria can be covalently coupled to immunogenic acceptor proteins bearing engineered glycosylation sites. transfer efficiency of pglbcj is low for certain ...	2015	25833378
sublethal exposure to commercial formulations of the herbicides dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate cause changes in antibiotic susceptibility in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	biocides, such as herbicides, are routinely tested for toxicity but not for sublethal effects on microbes. many biocides are known to induce an adaptive multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype. this can be due to either an increase in the expression of efflux pumps, a reduced synthesis of outer membrane porins, or both. exposures of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to commercial formulations of three herbicides-dicamba (kamba), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), ...	2015	25805724
detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens from individual filth flies.	there is unanimous consensus that insects are important vectors of foodborne pathogens. however, linking insects as vectors of the pathogen causing a particular foodborne illness outbreak has been challenging. this is because insects are not being aseptically collected as part of an environmental sampling program during foodborne outbreak investigations and because there is not a standardized method to detect foodborne bacteria from individual insects. to take a step towards solving this problem ...	2015	25742168
differential single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis of an outbreak caused by salmonella enterica serovar manhattan reveals epidemiological details missed by standard pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	we retrospectively analyzed a rare salmonella enterica serovar manhattan outbreak that occurred in italy in 2009 to evaluate the potential of new genomic tools based on differential single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis in comparison with the gold standard genotyping method, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. a total of 39 isolates were analyzed from patients (n=15) and food, feed, animal, and environmental sources (n=24), resulting in five different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge ...	2015	25653407
the flagellar regulator tvia reduces pyroptosis by salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	to discern virulent from innocuous microbes, the innate immune system senses events associated with bacterial access to immunoprivileged sites such as the host cell cytosol. one such pathway is triggered by the cytosolic delivery of flagellin, the major subunit of the flagellum, by bacterial secretion systems. this leads to inflammasome activation and subsequent proinflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) of the infected phagocyte. in this study, we demonstrate that the causative agent of typhoid fe ...	2015	25644011
multidrug efflux pumps from enterobacteriaceae, vibrio cholerae and staphylococcus aureus bacterial food pathogens.	foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and constitute a serious public health concern. in particular, microorganisms belonging to the enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae families of gram-negative bacteria, and to the staphylococcus genus of gram-positive bacteria are important causative agents of food poisoning and infection in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. recently, variants of these bacteria have developed resistance to medically important chemother ...	2015	25635914
bacterial stimulation of toll-like receptor 4 drives macrophages to hemophagocytose.	during acute infection with bacteria, viruses or parasites, a fraction of macrophages engulf large numbers of red and white blood cells, a process called hemophagocytosis. hemophagocytes persist into the chronic stage of infection and have an anti-inflammatory phenotype. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection of immunocompetent mice results in acute followed by chronic infection, with the accumulation of hemophagocytes. the mechanism(s) that triggers a macrophage to become hemophagocy ...	2015	26459510
recombinant salmonella expressing burkholderia mallei lps o antigen provides protection in a murine model of melioidosis and glanders.	burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. these bacteria are highly infectious via the respiratory route and can cause severe and often fatal diseases in humans and animals. both species are considered potential agents of biological warfare; they are classified as category b priority pathogens. currently there are no human or veterinary vaccines available against these pathogens. consequently efforts are directed towards ...	2015	26148026
structure of aada from salmonella enterica: a monomeric aminoglycoside (3'')(9) adenyltransferase.	aminoglycoside resistance is commonly conferred by enzymatic modification of drugs by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes such as aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferases (ants). here, the first crystal structure of an ant(3'')(9) adenyltransferase, aada from salmonella enterica, is presented. aada catalyses the magnesium-dependent transfer of adenosine monophosphate from atp to the two chemically dissimilar drugs streptomycin and spectinomycin. the structure was solved using selenium sad phasing and ...	2015	26527143
characterization of novel factors involved in swimming and swarming motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	salmonella enterica utilizes flagellar motility to swim through liquid environments and on surfaces. the biosynthesis of the flagellum is regulated on various levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. here, we investigated the motility phenotype of 24 selected single gene deletions that were previously described to display swimming and swarming motility effects. mutations in flge, flih, ydiv, rfag, yjcc, stm1267 and stm3363 showed an altered motility phenotype. deleti ...	2015	26267246
distinct type i and type ii toxin-antitoxin modules control salmonella lifestyle inside eukaryotic cells.	toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules contribute to the generation of non-growing cells in response to stress. these modules abound in bacterial pathogens although the bases for this profusion remain largely unknown. using the intracellular bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a model, here we show that a selected group of ta modules impact bacterial fitness inside eukaryotic cells. we characterized in this pathogen twenty-seven ta modules, including type i and type ii ta modules ...	2015	25792384
a fantastic voyage for sliding bacteria.	a recent study showed that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exhibits sliding motility under magnesium-limited conditions. overall, bacteria that exhibit this passive surface movement described as sliding share few common traits. this discovery provides an opportunity to revisit and better characterize appendage-independent bacterial motility.	2015	25777934
development and validation of a high-throughput cell-based screen to identify activators of a bacterial two-component signal transduction system.	cpxra is a two-component signal transduction system (2csts) found in many drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. in response to periplasmic stress, cpxa autophosphorylates and donates a phosphoryl group to its cognate response regulator, cpxr. phosphorylated cpxr (cpxr-p) upregulates genes involved in membrane repair and downregulates multiple genes that encode virulence factors, which are trafficked across the cell membrane. mutants that constitutively activate cpxra in salmonella enterica sero ...	2015	25870061
enhancement of mechanical properties, microstructure, and antimicrobial activities of zein films cross-linked using succinic anhydride, eugenol, and citric acid.	zein constitutes about half of the endosperm proteins in corn. recently, attempts have been made to utilize zein for food coatings and biodegradable materials, which require better physical properties, using chemical modification of zein. in this study, zein proteins were modified using citric acid, succinic anhydride, and eugenol as natural cross-linking agents in the wet state. the cross-linkers were added either separately or combined in increment concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%). the ...	2015	25036665
compounds in a particular production lot of tryptic soy broth inhibit staphylococcus aureus cell growth.	staphylococcus aureus newman strain and several methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) clinical isolates were grown on agar plates prepared with conventional lots of tryptic soy broth (tsb). cell growth of these strains was inhibited on agar plates containing tsb of a particular product lot (lot a), whereas the cell growth of s. aureus rn4220 strain and several other mrsa clinical isolates was not inhibited. the cell growth of a strain of s. epidermidis was also inhibited on agar plates containi ...	2015	26193939
crystal structure of β-n-acetylglucosaminidase cbsa from thermotoga neapolitana.	cbsa from the thermophilic marine bacteria thermotoga neapolitana is a chitinolyitc enzyme that can cleave a glycosidic bond of the polymer n-acetylglucosamine at the non-reducing end. this enzyme has particularly high activity on di-n-acetylchitobiose. cbsa consists of a family of 3 glycoside hydrolase (gh3)-type catalytic domains and a unique c-terminal domain. the c-terminal domain distinguishes cbsa from other gh3-type enzymes. sequence analyses have suggested that cbsa has the asp-his dyad ...	2015	26187666
near-infrared spectroscopy for the detection and quantification of bacterial contaminations in pharmaceutical products.	accurate detection and quantification of microbiological contaminations remains an issue mainly due the lack of rapid and precise analytical techniques. standard methods are expensive and time-consuming being associated to high economic losses and public health threats. in the context of pharmaceutical industry, the development of fast analytical techniques able to overcome these limitations is crucial and spectroscopic techniques might constitute a reliable alternative. in this work we proved t ...	2015	26151105
tracking the elusive function of bacillus subtilis hfq.	rna-binding protein hfq is a key component of the adaptive responses of many proteobacterial species including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and vibrio cholera. in these organisms, the importance of hfq largely stems from its participation to regulatory mechanisms involving small non-coding rnas. in contrast, the function of hfq in gram-positive bacteria has remained elusive and somewhat controversial. in the present study, we have further addressed this point by comparing growth phenoty ...	2015	25915524
potential probiotic attributes of a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9951 isolated from healthy piglet feces.	a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9551, which has a broad range of antibacterial activities against six main pathogenic bacteria including escherichia coli o8, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, streptococcus suis, listeria monocytogenes and pasteurella multocida, was isolated from healthy piglet feces. in adhesion assay, the isolate exhibited a stronger adhesion to pig intestinal mucus than that of b. subtilis jt143 and l. acidophilus ly24 res ...	2015	25752235
purification and characterization of a novel plantaricin, kl-1y, from lactobacillus plantarum kl-1.	three bacteriocins from lactobacillus plantarum kl-1 were successfully purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase hplc. the bacteriocin peptides kl-1x, -1y and -1z had molecular masses of 3053.82, 3498.16 and 3533.16 da, respectively. all three peptides were stable at ph 2-12 and 25 °c and at high temperatures of 80 and 100 °c for 30 min and 121 °c for 15 min. however, they differed in their susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes and their inhi ...	2015	25862353
antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts.	foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. to help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in th ...	2015	25856120
antimicrobial activities of active component isolated from lawsonia inermis leaves and structure-activity relationships of its analogues against food-borne bacteria.	the antimicrobial activities of lawsonia inermis leaf extract and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone analogues against food-borne bacteria. the antimicrobial activities of five fractions derived from the methanol extract of lawsonia inermis leaves were evaluated against 7 food-borne bacteria. 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was isolated by chromatographic analyses. 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone showed the strong activities against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, shigella sonn ...	2015	25829631
improved in vitro assay for determining the mucin adherence of bacteria sensitive to triton x-100 treatment.	mucin-associated microbiota are in relatively close contact with the intestinal epithelium and may thus have a more pronounced effect on host health. we have previously developed a simple mucin agar assay to simulate initial mucus colonization by intestinal microbial communities. adherence of microbiota was estimated using flow cytometry after detachment with triton x-100. in this study, the effect of this detergent on the cultivability of both virulent and commensal strains was investigated. mu ...	2015	25702162
pyrosequencing analysis of microbial community and food-borne bacteria on restaurant cutting boards collected in seri kembangan, malaysia, and their correlation with grades of food premises.	this study adopts the pyrosequencing technique to identify bacteria present on 26 kitchen cutting boards collected from different grades of food premises around seri kembangan, a city in malaysia. pyrosequencing generated 452,401 of total reads of otus with an average of 1.4×10(7) bacterial cells/cm(2). proteobacteria, firmicutes and bacteroides were identified as the most abundant phyla in the samples. taxonomic richness was generally high with >1000 operational taxonomic units (otus) observed ...	2015	25679309
antimicrobial potential of cauliflower, broccoli, and okara byproducts against foodborne bacteria.	the antimicrobial potential of cauliflower, broccoli, and okara byproducts was assessed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, and listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b growth behavior was assessed under exposure to 5% vegetable byproducts added to the reference medium, buffered peptone water (0.1% [wt/vol]), at 37°c. although the byproducts were not effective against l. monocytogenes, they were bactericid ...	2015	25587927
propidium monoazide combined with real-time pcr for selective detection of viable staphylococcus aureus in milk powder and meat products.	staphylococcus aureus is a spherical, gram-positive, pathogenic bacterium commonly associated with bovine mastitis and clinical infections. it is also recognized as a pathogen that causes outbreaks of food poisoning. the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid and reliable technique that combines propidium monoazide (pma) staining with real-time quantitative (q)pcr to detect and quantify viable cells of staph. aureus in milk powder and meat products. the inclusivity and exclu ...	2015	25582587
characterization of mannanase from bacillus circulans nt 6.7 and its application in mannooligosaccharides preparation as prebiotic.	this study focused on the characterization of mannanase from bacillus circulans nt 6.7 for mannooligosaccharides (mos) production. the enzyme from b. circulans nt 6.7 was produced using defatted copra meal as a carbon source. the mannanase was purified by ultrafiltration and column chromatography of q-sepharose. the purified protein (m1) was a dimeric protein with a 40 kda subunit. the purified m1 exhibited optimum ph and temperature at ph 6.0 and 60 °c, respectively. it was activated by mn(2+,) ...	2015	26697281
genome sequence of salmonella enterica phage det7.	det7 is a myoviridae bacteriophage that gains entry into its salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium host cells by adsorbing to o-antigen polysaccharide. we report here the complete 157,498-bp sequence of its genome. det7, together with its vi01-like relatives, are distantly related to phage t4.	2015	25953168
temperature and oxygen dependent metabolite utilization by salmonella enterica serovars derby and mbandaka.	salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen of clinical and veterinary significance, with over 2500 serovars. in previous work we compared two serovars displaying host associations inferred from isolation statistics. here, to validate genome sequence data and to expand on the role of environmental metabolite constitution in host range determination we use a phenotypic microarray approach to assess the ability of these serovars to metabolise ~500 substrates at 25°c with oxygen (aerobic conditions) ...	2015	25798944
inhibition of salmonella enterica biofilm formation using small-molecule adenosine mimetics.	biofilms have been widely implicated in chronic infections and environmental persistence of salmonella enterica, facilitating enhanced colonization of surfaces and increasing the ability of the bacteria to be transmitted to new hosts. salmonella enterica serovar typhi biofilm formation on gallstones from humans and mice enhances gallbladder colonization and bacterial shedding, while salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium biofilms facilitate long-term persistence in a number of environments impo ...	2015	25313216
aerobic bacterial microbiota isolated from the cloaca of the european pond turtle (emys orbicularis) in poland.	we conducted a comparative analysis of the aerobic cloacal bacteria of european pond turtles (emys orbicularis) living in their natural environment and juvenile turtles reared under controlled conditions in a breeding center. we included 130 turtles in the study. the aerobic bacteria isolated from the cloaca of the juvenile turtles were less diverse and more prevalent than the bacteria isolated from free-living adults. we isolated 17 bacterial species from juvenile captive turtles, among which t ...	2015	25380369
a novel antimicrobial peptide derived from fish goose type lysozyme disrupts the membrane of salmonella enterica.	in aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic antibiotics. antimicrobial peptides (amps) which are described as evolutionary ancient weapons have been considered as promising alternates in recent years. in this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide had been derived from goose type lysozyme (lyzg) which was identified from the cdna library of freshwater fish channa stri ...	2015	26477736
photodynamic inactivation mediated by erythrosine and its derivatives on foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria.	the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (pdi) mediated by erythrosine (ery) and its ester derivatives erythrosine methyl ester (erymet) and erythrosine butyl ester (erybut) on foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. we evaluated staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, aeromonas hydrophila atcc 7966, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium atcc 14028, escherichia coli atcc 25922, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853. the toxicity of all of the com ...	2015	25925153
biological activity of the essential oils from cinnamodendron dinisii and siparuna guianensis.	this study had analyzed the antibacterial, antifungal and trypanocidal activity of the essential oils from cinnamodendron dinisii schwacke (canellaceae) and siparuna guianensis aublet (siparunaceae). the essential oils were obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation, using a modified clevenger apparatus. chemical analysis by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (gc-ms) showed that these essential oils are rich in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. activity against ...	2015	26221107
three phoma spp. synthesised novel silver nanoparticles that possess excellent antimicrobial efficacy.	the authors report extracellular mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by phoma capsulatum, phoma putaminum and phoma citri. the agnps thus synthesised were characterised by uv-visible spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nanosight lm20 and transmission electron microscopy, which confirmed the synthesis of mostly spherical and polydisperse nanoparticles capped with proteins. the size of agnps was found in the range of 10-80 , 5-80 and 5-90 nm with an average size o ...	2015	26435281
mechanistic aspects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against food- and water-borne microbes.	in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized from aqueous leaves extract of malva crispa and their mode of interaction with food- and water-borne microbes were investigated. formation of agnps was conformed through uv-vis, fe-sem, eds, afm, and hr-tem analyses. further the concentration of silver (ag) in the reaction mixture was conformed through icp-ms analysis. different concentration of nanoparticles (1-3 mm) tested to know the inhibitory effect of bacterial pathogens such a ...	2015	26178241
acquisition of the lac operon by salmonella enterica.	classical bacteriological characteristics of salmonella enterica indicate that the members of this species are unable to utilize lactose as a carbon source. however, lactose-fermenting (lac+) strains of several salmonella serovars have been isolated from different foodborne outbreaks as well as different geographical regions worldwide. in the present study, we sequenced the genomes of 13 lac + s. enterica isolates and characterized the lac region, comparing it to the lac region in other enteric ...	2015	26303940
characterization of foodborne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis with whole-genome sequencing single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis for surveillance and outbreak detection.	salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness in the united states; however, current molecular subtyping methods lack resolution for this highly clonal serovar. advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have made it possible to examine whole-genome sequencing (wgs) as a potential molecular subtyping tool for outbreak detection and source trace back. here, we conducted a retrospective analysis of s. enteritidis isolates from seven epidemiolog ...	2015	26269623
salmonella enterica biofilm-mediated dispersal by nitric oxide donors in association with cellulose nanocrystal hydrogels.	protected by extracellular polymers, microbes within biofilms are significantly more resistant to disinfectants. current research has been instrumental in identifying nitric oxide donors and hydrogels as potential disinfectant additives. nitric oxide (no) donors are considered a very promising molecule as biofilm dispersal agents and hydrogels have recently attracted a lot of interest due to their biocompatible properties and ability to form stable thin films. when the no donor mahma nonoate was ...	2015	26020015
virulence gene regulation by l-arabinose in salmonella enterica.	invasion of the intestinal epithelium is a critical step in salmonella enterica infection and requires functions encoded in the gene cluster known as salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1). expression of spi-1 genes is repressed by l-arabinose, and not by other pentoses. transport of l-arabinose is necessary to repress spi-1; however, repression is independent of l-arabinose metabolism and of the l-arabinose-responsive regulator arac. spi-1 repression by l-arabinose is exerted at a single tar ...	2015	25991823
host cell type-dependent translocation and phop-mediated positive regulation of the effector ssek1 of salmonella enterica.	salmonella enterica expresses two virulence-related type iii secretion systems (t3sss) encoded in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) and spi2, respectively. ssek1 is a poorly characterized substrate of the spi2-encoded t3ss. here, we show that this effector is essential to get full virulence both in oral and intraperitoneal mice infections, in spite of not having a role in invasion or intracellular proliferation in cultured mammalian cells. in vitro, expression of ssek1 was higher in media ...	2015	25972862
signatures of adaptation in human invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 populations from sub-saharan africa.	two lineages of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) of multi-locus sequence type st313 have been linked with the emergence of invasive salmonella disease across sub-saharan africa. the expansion of these lineages has a temporal association with the hiv pandemic and antibiotic usage. we analysed the whole genome sequence of 129 st313 isolates representative of the two lineages and found evidence of lineage-specific genome degradation, with some similarities to that observed i ...	2015	25803844
growth kinetics of salmonella enterica in hajna tetrathionate broth, rappaport broth and modified semisolid rappaport agar.	to determine the appropriate method for isolating salmonella enterica, we compared the growth of s. enterica serovars using three selective enrichment media. s. enterica was more successfully isolated from artificially contaminated fecal samples after enrichment in hajna tetrathionate broth or modified semisolid rappaport agar than in rappaport broth. since most bacteria (other than motile s. enterica) do not migrate on modified semisolid rappaport agar, the growth characteristics of s. enterica ...	2015	26498402
inca/c plasmid carrying bla(ndm-1), bla(cmy-16), and fosa3 in a salmonella enterica serovar corvallis strain isolated from a migratory wild bird in germany.	a salmonella enterica serovar corvallis strain was isolated from a wild bird in germany. this strain carried the inca/c2 prh-1238 plasmid. complete sequencing of the plasmid was performed, identifying the blandm-1, blacmy-16, fosa3, sul1, sul2, stra, strb, aac(6')-ib, aada5, apha6, teta(a), mpha, flor, dfra7, and mera genes, which confer clinically relevant resistance to most of the antimicrobial classes, including β-lactams with carbapenems, fosfomycin, aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole, tetracyc ...	2015	26169417
characterization of inci1 sequence type 71 epidemic plasmid lineage responsible for the recent dissemination of ctx-m-65 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in the bolivian chaco region.	during the last decade, a significant diffusion of ctx-m-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) was observed in commensal escherichia coli from healthy children in the bolivian chaco region, with initial dissemination of ctx-m-2, which was then replaced by ctx-m-15 and ctx-m-65. in this work, we demonstrate that the widespread dissemination of ctx-m-65 observed in this context was related to the polyclonal spreading of an inci1 sequence type 71 (st71) epidemic plasmid lineage. the structure ...	2015	26100713
ingested salmonella enterica, cronobacter sakazakii, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes: transmission dynamics from adult house flies to their eggs and first filial (f1) generation adults.	the mechanical transmission of pathogenic bacteria by synanthropic filth flies is widely recognized. while many studies report the fate and the temporospatial distribution of ingested foodborne bacteria by filth flies, there is little evidence about the transmission dynamics of ingested foodborne bacteria by adult house flies (musca domestica) to their progeny. in this study, we fed parental house fly adults with food contaminated with low, medium, and high concentrations of salmonella enterica, ...	2015	26228457
deciphering the regulatory circuitry that controls reversible lysine acetylation in salmonella enterica.	in salmonella enterica, the reversible lysine acetylation (rla) system is comprised of the protein acetyltransferase (pat) and sirtuin deacetylase (cobb). rla controls the activities of many proteins, including the acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) synthetase (acs), by modulating the degree of acs acetylation. we report that iolr, a myo-inositol catabolism repressor, activates the expression of genes encoding components of the rla system. in vitro evidence shows that the iolr protein directly regul ...	2015	26199328
laboratory-based nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in ghana.	global efforts are underway to combat antimicrobial resistance (amr). a key target in this intervention is surveillance for local and national action. data on amr in ghana are limited, and monitoring of amr is nonexistent. we sought to generate baseline data on amr, and to assess the readiness of ghana in laboratory-based surveillance. biomedical scientists in laboratories across ghana with capacity to perform bacteriological culture were selected and trained. in-house standard operating protoco ...	2015	26604806
genome rearrangements can make and break small rna genes.	small rnas (srnas) are short, transcribed regulatory elements that are typically encoded in the intergenic regions (igrs) of bacterial genomes. several srnas, first recognized in escherichia coli, are conserved among enteric bacteria, but because of the regulatory roles of srnas, differences in srna repertoires might be responsible for features that differentiate closely related species. we scanned the e. coli mg1655 and salmonella enterica typhimurium genomes for nonsyntenic igrs as a potential ...	2015	25601101
clinical and microbiological features of salmonella meningitis in a south african population, 2003-2013.	the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) meningitis in south africa, where human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence is high (approximately 15% in persons ≥15 years of age), were reviewed.	2015	26449942
comparative growth analysis of capsulated (vi+) and acapsulated (vi-) salmonella typhi isolates in human blood.	salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is a human restricted pathogen. it biosynthesizes a virulence capsular polysaccharide named as vi antigen. s. typhi regulates expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of vi antigen in response to osmolarity. beside vi-positive isolates, vi-negative (acapsulated) isolates are also pathogenic. however, vi-positive isolates are more prevalent. the present study was planned to investigate comparative growth of vi-positive and vi-negative s. typhi ...	2015	26417360
the stm4195 gene product (pans) transports coenzyme a precursors in salmonella enterica.	coenzyme a (coa) is a ubiquitous coenzyme involved in fundamental metabolic processes. coa is synthesized from pantothenic acid by a pathway that is largely conserved among bacteria and eukaryotes and consists of five enzymatic steps. while higher organisms, including humans, must scavenge pantothenate from the environment, most bacteria and plants are capable of de novo pantothenate biosynthesis. in salmonella enterica, precursors to pantothenate can be salvaged, but subsequent intermediates ar ...	2015	25645561
monoclonal antibodies of a diverse isotype induced by an o-antigen glycoconjugate vaccine mediate in vitro and in vivo killing of african invasive nontyphoidal salmonella.	nontyphoidal salmonella (nts), particularly salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis, is responsible for a major global burden of invasive disease with high associated case-fatality rates. we recently reported the development of a candidate o-antigen-crm197 glycoconjugate vaccine against s. typhimurium. here, using a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies generated by the vaccine, we examined the relative efficiency of different antibody isotypes specific for the o:4 antigen of s. ...	2015	26169269
development of a taqman array card for acute-febrile-illness outbreak investigation and surveillance of emerging pathogens, including ebola virus.	acute febrile illness (afi) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet an etiologic agent is often not identified. convalescent-phase serology is impractical, blood culture is slow, and many pathogens are fastidious or impossible to cultivate. we developed a real-time pcr-based taqman array card (tac) that can test six to eight samples within 2.5 h from sample to results and can simultaneously detect 26 afi-associated organisms, including 15 viruses (chikungunya, crime ...	2015	26491176
exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime enhances the systemic colonization of salmonella typhimurium in balb/c mice.	it has been proposed that sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics play a role in virulence modulation. in this study, we evaluated the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (hereafter s. typhimurium) to colonize systemically balb/c mice after exposure to a sub-inhibitory concentration of cefotaxime (ctx). in vivo competition assays showed a fivefold increase in systemic colonization of ctx-exposed bacteria when compared to untreated bacteria. to identify the molecular mechanism ...	2015	26468132
influence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ssrb on colonization of eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) as revealed by a promoter probe screen.	although salmonella has been isolated from 7.4 to 8.6% of domestic raw oysters, representing a significant risk for food-borne illness, little is known about the factors that influence their initial colonization by salmonella. this study tested the hypothesis that specific regulatory changes enable a portion of the invading salmonella population to colonize oysters. an in vivo promoter probe library screen identified 19 unique regions as regulated during colonization. the mutants in the nearest ...	2015	26497459
presumable role of outer membrane proteins of salmonella containing sialylated lipopolysaccharides serovar ngozi, sv. isaszeg and subspecies arizonae in determining susceptibility to human serum.	the o48 group comprises salmonella bacteria containing sialic acid in the lipopolysaccharide (lps). bacteria with sialylated surface structures are described as pathogens that avoid immunological response of the host by making similar their surface antigens to the host's tissues (molecular mimicry). it is known that the smooth-type lps of salmonella enterica and outer membrane proteins (omp) pgte, pagc and rck mediate serum resistant phenotype by affecting complement system (c). the aim of this ...	2015	26185527
effects of norspermidine and spermidine on biofilm formation by potentially pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica wild-type strains.	polyamines are present in all living cells. in bacteria, polyamines are involved in a variety of functions, including biofilm formation, thus indicating that polyamines may have potential in the control of unwanted biofilm. in the present study, the effects of the polyamines norspermidine and spermidine on biofilms of 10 potentially pathogenic wild-type strains of escherichia coli serotype o103:h2, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, and s. enterica serovar agona were invest ...	2015	25595767
real-time duplex applications of loop-mediated amplification (lamp) by assimilating probes.	isothermal nucleic-acid amplification methods such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) are increasingly appealing alternatives to pcr for use in portable diagnostic system due to the low cost, weight, and power requirements of the instrumentation. as such, interest in developing new probes and other functionality based on the lamp reaction has been intense. here, we report on the development of duplexed lamp assays for pathogen detection using spectrally unique assimilating probes. ...	2015	25741765
de novo amino acid biosynthesis contributes to salmonella enterica growth in alfalfa seedling exudates.	salmonella enterica is a member of the plant microbiome. growth of s. enterica in sprouting-seed exudates is rapid; however, the active metabolic networks essential in this environment are unknown. to examine the metabolic requirements of s. enterica during growth in sprouting-seed exudates, we inoculated alfalfa seeds and identified 305 s. enterica proteins extracted 24 h postinoculation from planktonic cells. over half the proteins had known metabolic functions, and they are involved in over o ...	2015	25416761
genomic targets and features of bara-uvry (-sira) signal transduction systems.	the two-component signal transduction system bara-uvry of escherichia coli and its orthologs globally regulate metabolism, motility, biofilm formation, stress resistance, virulence of pathogens and quorum sensing by activating the transcription of genes for regulatory srnas, e.g. csrb and csrc in e. coli. these srnas act by sequestering the rna binding protein csra (rsma) away from lower affinity mrna targets. in this study, we used chip-exo to identify, at single nucleotide resolution, genomic ...	2015	26673755
regulation of dna phosphorothioate modification in salmonella enterica by dndb.	dna phosphorothioate (pt) modification, in which the non-bridging oxygen of the sugar-phosphate backbone is substituted by sulfur, occurs naturally in diverse bacteria and archaea and is regulated by the dndabcde proteins. dndabcde and the restriction cognate dndfghi constitute a new type of defense system that prevents the invasion of foreign dna in salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87. gaac/gttc consensus contexts across genomes were found to possess partial pt modifications even in the presen ...	2015	26190504
cyclic rhamnosylated elongation factor p establishes antibiotic resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	elongation factor p (ef-p) is a ubiquitous bacterial protein that is required for the synthesis of poly-proline motifs during translation. in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, the posttranslational β-lysylation of lys34 by the poxa protein is critical for ef-p activity. poxa is absent from many bacterial species such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, prompting a search for alternative ef-p posttranslation modification pathways. structural analyses of p. aeruginosa ef-p revealed the attachment o ...	2015	26060278
a diverse range of bacterial and eukaryotic chitinases hydrolyzes the lacnac (galβ1-4glcnac) and lacdinac (galnacβ1-4glcnac) motifs found on vertebrate and insect cells.	there is emerging evidence that chitinases have additional functions beyond degrading environmental chitin, such as involvement in innate and acquired immune responses, tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and serving as virulence factors of bacterial pathogens. we have recently shown that both the human chitotriosidase and a chitinase from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium hydrolyze lacnac from galβ1-4glcnacβ-tetramethylrhodamine (lacnac-tmr (galβ1-4glcnacβ(ch2)8conh(ch2)2nhco-tmr)), a fluorescen ...	2015	25561735
invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 with naturally attenuated flagellin elicits reduced inflammation and replicates within macrophages.	invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) are an important cause of septicemia in children under the age of five years in sub-saharan africa. a novel genotype of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (multi-locus sequence type [st] 313) circulating in this geographic region is genetically different to from s. typhimurium st19 strains that are common throughout the rest of the world. s. typhimurium st313 strains have acquired pseudogenes and genetic deletions and appear to be evo ...	2015	25569606