Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| safety of rotavirus vaccines: postmarketing surveillance in the who region of the americas. | 2011 | 21337810 | |
| self-assembled virus-like particles from rotavirus structural protein vp6 for targeted drug delivery. | proteins of viral capsid may self-assemble into virus-like particles (vlps) that can find many biomedical applications such as platform for drug delivery. in this paper, we describe preparation of vlps by self-assembly of vp6, a rotavirus capsid protein that was chemically conjugated with doxorubicin (dox), an anticancer drug. vp6 was first highly expressed in e. coli, followed by purification and renaturation. dox was then covalently attached to vp6 to form dox-vp6 (dvp6) conjugates, which were ... | 2011 | 21338097 |
| [vaccines, immunization and technological innovation: an update]. | the smallpox worldwide eradication was the major world public health achievement. the binomial - vaccines and immunization - continues to demonstrate very high performance in the prevention and control of other diseases preventable by vaccination. the new global initiatives on vaccination, such as gavi, have made possible the introduction of new and important vaccines preventing million of children deaths in the poorest countries in the world. the national immunization program of brazil is also ... | 2011 | 21340320 |
| [the rotavirus disease and the oral human rotavirus vaccination in the brazilian scenario: an integrative literature review]. | due to the epidemiological relevance of rotavirus disease on the worldwide panorama as an important cause of morbid-mortality in the infantile public and to the still incipient production of studies concerning the problematic in the nationwide scenario, not to mention the unique necessity of encouraging the promotion of care and education as inseparable factors in the health spaces, it was delimited as study object of the present article the rotavirus disease in the brazilian scenario, emphasizi ... | 2011 | 21340332 |
| [rotavirus prevalence in children with acute gastroenteritis and the distribution of serotypes and electropherotypes]. | rotavirus is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide as well as in turkey. the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis and to investigate the prevalent rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes. stool specimens collected from 251 (108 female, 143 male) children age between 0-5 years old who were admitted to gazi university hospital between april 2009 and february 2010 were included to the study. the presen ... | 2011 | 21341165 |
| [preliminary investigation of viruses to the wild tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinese)]. | virological testing and monitoring is a fundamental part of quality control of experimental animals. however, there are few papers regarding the spectrum and status of natural infection in wild tree shrews with human and animal pathogenic viruses. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent adsorption assay (elisa), we tested sixty wild tree shrews captured from qinglong, an outskirt region of kunming, yunnan province, china for eleven viruses, including herpes simplex virus, coxsackie virus, influenza vi ... | 2011 | 21341387 |
| an infant with rotavirus infection presenting as a severe acute duodenal ulcer. | 2011 | 21342334 | |
| a waterborne outbreak of epidemic diarrhea due to group a rotavirus in malatya, turkey. | we characterized an outbreak of acute diarrheal disease caused by group a rotavirus that occurred during the autumn of 2005 in malatya city, turkey. a total 9907 patients between 0 to 91 years old (mean age: 25.05?19.67) were included in the epidemic. the patients? data were prospectively collected and statistically analyzed. microbiologic analyses were performed to determine the etiologic agent. rapid onset diarrhea (98.36%), abdominal cramps (69%), fever (44.4%) and vomiting (69.6%) were the m ... | 2011 | 21344142 |
| diarrheagenic escherichia coli in acute gastroenteritis in infants in north-west italy. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli may cause diarrhoea in infancy, but it is not routinely detected and regarded as a major causative agent. the aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of enteropathogenic e. coli infection and to investigate its epidemiology and pathogenesis from faecal specimens in infants hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. between march 2008 and june 2009, faecal samples were collected and examined to recognize diarrhoeal aetiology, especially for e. coli, b ... | 2011 | 21344146 |
| age specific aetiological agents of diarrhoea in hospitalized children aged less than five years in dar es salaam, tanzania. | this study aimed to determine the age-specific aetiologic agents of diarrhoea in children aged less than five years. the study also assessed the efficacy of the empiric treatment of childhood diarrhoea using integrated management of childhood illness (imci) guidelines. | 2011 | 21345186 |
| accounting for model uncertainty in estimating global burden of disease. | to illustrate the effects of failing to account for model uncertainty when modelling is used to estimate the global burden of disease, with specific application to childhood deaths from rotavirus infection. | 2011 | 21346922 |
| a single-tube multiplex pcr for rapid detection in feces of 10 viruses causing diarrhea. | a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to identify 10 viruses in a single tube. the assay was targeted to detect group a and c rotaviruses, adenovirus, norovirus gi, norovirus gii, sapovirus, astrovirus, aichi virus, parechovirus, and enterovirus. a total of 235 stool samples were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in kyoto, japan, from 2008 to 2009, then tested by this novel multiplex pcr and compared with a multiplex pcr described previously ... | 2011 | 21349292 |
| a gastrointestinal rotavirus infection mouse model for immune modulation studies. | rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. the current study was conducted to assess whether colostrum containing rotavirus-specific antibodies (gastrogard-r-«) could protect against rotavirus infection. in addition, this illness model was used to study modulatory effects of intervention on several immune parameters after re-infection. | 2011 | 21385425 |
| the burden of rotavirus disease in denmark 2009-2010. | this study sought to determine the incidence and the burden of severe diarrheal disease in denmark with emphasis on rotavirus (rv) disease. | 2011 | 21386748 |
| results from a randomized clinical trial of coadministration of rotateq, a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, and neisvac-c, a meningococcal serogroup c conjugate vaccine. | rotateq (merck & co. inc./sanofi pasteur msd) is a three-dose, oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for the immunization of infants from 6 weeks of age for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. the primary objective of the present trial was to demonstrate that rotateq can be coadministered with meningococcal serogroup c conjugate vaccine (mencc; neisvac-c; baxter healthcare) to healthy infants without impairing the protective immune responses to mencc. this was an open-label, randomized, co ... | 2011 | 21389149 |
| viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in seoul, korea. | the present study was carried out to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of viral gastroenteritis and determine the phylogenetic composition of norovirus strains detected in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in seoul, korea. | 2011 | 21391466 |
| rotavirus and norovirus infections in children in sana'a, yemen. | to describe the epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children with acute gastroenteritis in sana'a, yemen. | 2011 | 21392189 |
| molecular characterization of group a rotaviruses detected in children with gastroenteritis in ireland in 2006-2009. | summarycommunity and hospital-acquired cases of human rotavirus are responsible for millions of gastroenteritis cases in children worldwide, chiefly in developing countries, and vaccines are now available. during surveillance activity for human rotavirus infections in ireland, between 2006 and 2009, a total of 420 rotavirus strains were collected and analysed. upon either pcr genotyping and sequence analysis, a variety of vp7 (g1-g4 and g9) and vp4 (p[4], p[6], p[8] and p[9]) genotypes were dete ... | 2011 | 21396145 |
| an unusual outbreak of rotavirus genotype g2p[6] during the 2005-2006 epidemic season in philadelphia. | most rotavirus gastroenteritis is caused by g1p[8] strains. when g2 infections are encountered, the p type has most often been reported to be p[4]. the purpose of our study was to describe an unusual outbreak of g2p[6] cases. children presenting to the children's hospital of philadelphia with acute gastroenteritis have been monitored for rotavirus antigen in stool by elisa (with g-typing if elisa positive) since 1994-1995. compared to the last 12 rotavirus seasons before the 2006 introduction of ... | 2011 | 21398071 |
| rotavirus toxin nsp4 induces diarrhea by activation of tmem16a and inhibition of na+ absorption. | rotavirus infection is the most frequent cause for severe diarrhea in infants, killing more than 600,000 every year. the nonstructural protein nsp4 acts as a rotavirus enterotoxin, inducing secretory diarrhea without any structural organ damage. electrolyte transport was assessed in the colonic epithelium from pups and adult mice using ussing chamber recordings. western blots and immunocytochemistry was performed in intestinal tissues from wild-type and tmem16a knockout mice. ion channel current ... | 2011 | 21399895 |
| three clusters of bovine kobuvirus isolated in korea, 2008-2010. | fecal samples (n = 107) were collected from cattle with ascertained or suspected diarrheal disease on korean farms during 2008-2010. of these, 37 samples tested positive for bovine kobuvirus. the 37 positive samples came from 32 cattle that exhibited diarrhea and five cattle that were non-diarrhetic. the majority of the virus-positive feces samples were from calves under 1 month of age (n = 25). nine of the 37 cattle infected with bovine kobuvirus were confirmed to have a co-infection with other ... | 2011 | 21399921 |
| [pathogenesis of acute encephalitis and acute encephalopathy]. | many aspects of the pathogenesis of acute encephalitis and acute encephalopathy have been clarified in this decade, although many unknown mechanisms remain to be elucidated. according to progress of mri and neuroimmunological analysis and the observation of clinical findings, many new syndromes were found, which enhanced our understanding of acute encephalitis and acute encephalopathy. the pathogenesis of encephalitis is divided into infection and immune mediated mechanisms. the antibodies to ne ... | 2011 | 21400830 |
| [rota virus encephalopathy]. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children, but the pathogenesis and immunity of this disease are not completely understood. less well recognized is the association of rotavirus-induced central nervous system (cns) involvement, which has been associated with seizure, encephalopathy and death etc. the term 'rotavirus encephalopathy' has been used for cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis with cns involvement as evidenced by clinical features of encephalopathy with ... | 2011 | 21400834 |
| successful sanitation of an edim-infected mouse colony by breeding cessation. | despite decreasing prevalence, rotavirus infections still rank among the most important viral infections in colonies of laboratory mice. although the disease is characterized by low mortality and a relatively short and mild clinical period, the infection has the potential to alter the outcome of experiments substantially. for animal facilities, it is therefore essential to eradicate the virus. here we report a successful sanitation of a rotavirus-infected mouse colony in an animal facility. desp ... | 2011 | 21402733 |
| [annual incidence of human group a rotavirus g-serotypes detected in a japanese university hospital between 2003 and 2007]. | group a rotavirus g-serotyping by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using university hospital subject samples in september 2003 to august 2004, september 2004 to august 2005, september 2005 to august 2006, and september 2006 to august 2007 showed the most common serotypes g1 and g3, detected in 27 and 33 subjects, compared to 4 subjects in whom serotype g4 was detected. between 2003 and 2004, serotypes g1 accounted for 50% and g3 for 38%, contrasting with serotype g3 at 79% between 2004 and 2005, ... | 2011 | 21404601 |
| etiology of diarrhea in young children and patterns of antibiotic resistance in cambodia. | little is known about diarrhea etiology and antibiotic resistance in developing countries where diarrhea is a major public health problem. | 2011 | 21412204 |
| cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in bolivia from the state perspective. | background: in bolivia, the under-five mortality rate is 54 per 1000 live births. diarrhea causes 15% of these deaths, and 40% of pediatric diarrhea-related hospitalizations are caused by rotavirus illness (ri). rotavirus vaccination (rv), subsidized by international donors, is expected to reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to the bolivian state. estimates of the illness and economic burden of ri and their reduction by rv are essential to the bolivian state's policies on rv program ... | 2011 | 21624421 |
| bug breakfast in the bulletin: rotavirus. | 2011 | 21632006 | |
| enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in tripoli-libya. | abstract. stool samples from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea (n = 239) were examined for enteric pathogens using a combination of culture, enzyme-immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction methods. pathogens were detected in 122 (51%) stool samples; single pathogens were detected in 37.2% and co-pathogens in 13.8% of samples. norovirus, rotavirus, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) were the most frequently detected pathogens (15.5%, 13.4%, and 11.2%, respectively); salmonella, aden ... | 2011 | 21633024 |
| index of suspicion: case 1: fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain in an adolescent boy. case 2: poor feeding and weight gain, tachypnea, and vomiting in a neonate. case 3: afebrile seizures after a bout of diarrhea in a 2-year-old girl. | 2011 | 21364016 | |
| rotavirus vaccination in germany: analysis of nationwide surveillance data 2006 to 2010. | background:: efficacy of rotavirus (rv) vaccination is difficult to assess outside of controlled clinical trials. in countries with low-to-moderate rv vaccination coverage, annual variation in rv outbreak might have a stronger influence on morbidity than rv vaccination. methods:: we analyzed german rv surveillance data from 2006 to 2010 in the 16 federal states of germany. to overcome the bias of annual variation of rv infections, we analyzed the effects of rv vaccination in germany by comparing ... | 2011 | 21817956 |
| impact of early life exposures to geohelminth infections on the development of vaccine immunity, allergic sensitization, and allergic inflammatory diseases in children living in tropical ecuador: the ecuavida birth cohort study. | geohelminth infections are highly prevalent infectious diseases of childhood in many regions of the tropics, and are associated with significant morbidity especially among pre-school and school-age children. there is growing concern that geohelminth infections, particularly exposures occurring during early life in utero through maternal infections or during infancy, may affect vaccine immunogenicity in populations among whom these infections are endemic. further, the low prevalence of allergic d ... | 2011 | 21714922 |
| genetic divergence and classification of nonstructural protein 1 among porcine rotaviruses of species b. | porcine rotavirus b (rvb) has been often detected in diarrhea of suckling and weaned pigs. moreover, epidemiological studies using elisa demonstrated high antibody prevalence in sera from sows, indicating that rvb infections are widespread. because it is difficult to serially propagate rvbs in cell culture, genetic analysis of rna segments of porcine rvbs other than those encoding vp7 and nsp2 has been scarcely performed. we conducted sequence and phylogenetic analyses focusing on nonstructural ... | 2011 | 21832005 |
| the occurrence of amino acid substitutions d96n and s242n in vp7 of emergent g2p[4] rotaviruses in nepal in 2004-2005: a global and evolutionary perspective. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among children worldwide. strains with g2p[4] have captured recent attention because of its abrupt increase or re-emergence in many locations in the world. in nepal, g2p[4] strains were detected at a rate of 1% in 2003-2004, but increased to 33% in 2004-2005. thus, the vp7 genes of 45 emergent g2 strains from nepal were sequenced and analyzed together with a total of 339 g2vp7 sequences detected over the last 34-áyears that were compiled from the ... | 2011 | 21842161 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in italy, 2007-2009. | the surveillance network rotanet-italia was established in 2007 in order to investigate the diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains in italy, and to provide a baseline for future assessment of possible effects of vaccine implementation in selecting novel versus common rotavirus strains. a total of 2,645 rotavirus strains from pediatric patients with acute diarrhea were collected over three consecutive seasons from september 2006 through august 2009, and partially characterized by standardi ... | 2011 | 21739459 |
| phylogenetic analysis of rotavirus a nsp2 gene sequences and evidence of intragenic recombination. | the rotavirus non-structural protein nsp2 is one of the earliest and most abundant viral proteins produced during infection. this protein has multiple essential roles in the replication cycle involving rna binding, viroplasm formation, helicase and can hydrolyse the +¦-phosphate of rna and ntps acting as an rtpase and ntpase. in studying sequences from rotavirus strains isolated in australia between 1984 and 2009, the nsp2 gene was seen to be highly conserved and clustered with defined nsp2 geno ... | 2011 | 21689784 |
| baseline estimates of diarrhea-associated mortality among united states children before rotavirus vaccine introduction. | objectives:: deaths due to diarrhea among us children declined substantially from the 1960s through the 1980s, but have not been recently assessed. we examined diarrhea-associated mortality among young us children from 1992 to 2006 to establish baseline estimates through which the effect of rotavirus vaccines, introduced in 2006, can be assessed. methods:: national center for health statistics multiple cause-of-death mortality data were used to examine diarrhea-associated deaths and death rates ... | 2011 | 21691244 |
| hospital-based study of the economic burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea in eastern china. | rotavirus infection is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea in china. to evaluate the economic burden associated with rotavirus infection of children in china, we combined data on the disease burden of rotavirus-associated costs for samples comprising 832 outpatients and 604 inpatients from five seaside cities. the average social costs and direct medical costs for rotavirus-associated admissions were calculated to be us $61.64 and us $40.73 for outpatients, and us $684.15 and us $559 ... | 2011 | 21843578 |
| incidence of intussusception in early infancy: a capture-recapture estimate for germany. | background: rotavirus (rv) vaccination with the first generation vaccine (rotashield) has been associated with intussusception (is). reliable age specific baseline incidence data for children ôëñ6 months of age in particular is fundamental for further post marketing monitoring of potential effects of recently introduced new rv vaccines. methods: is incidence was estimated by a 2-source capture-recapture calculation (crc) based on esped (german paediatric surveillance unit) reports and on hospita ... | 2011 | 21698555 |
| direct and indirect effects of rotavirus vaccination upon childhood hospitalizations in 3 us counties, 2006-2009. | routine rotavirus vaccination of us infants began in 2006. we conducted active, population-based surveillance for rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations in 3 us counties to assess vaccine impact. | 2011 | 21705316 |
| effects of viscogens on rna transcription inside reovirus particles. | the dsrna genome of mammalian reovirus (mrv), like the dsdna genomes of herpesviruses and many bacteriophages, is packed inside its icosahedral capsid in liquid-crystalline form, with concentrations near or more than 400 mg/ml. viscosity in such environments must be high, but the relevance of viscosity for the macromolecular processes occurring there remains poorly characterized. here, we describe the use of simple viscogens, glycerol and sucrose, to examine their effects on rna transcription in ... | 2011 | 21719697 |
| biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens. | most microorganisms on earth live in various aggregates which are generally termed "biofilms". they are ubiquitous and represent the most successful form of life. they are the active agent in biofiltration and the carriers of the self-cleaning potential in soils, sediments and water. they are also common on surfaces in technical systems where they sometimes cause biofouling. in recent years it has become evident that biofilms in drinking water distribution networks can become transient or long-t ... | 2011 | 21697011 |
| rotavirus in a wild english red squirrel (sciurus vulgaris) identified by electron microscopy. | 2011 | 21821691 | |
| intra-genotypic diversity of archival g4p[8] human rotaviruses from washington, dc. | group a human rotaviruses (rvs) remain the most frequently detected viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. despite their medical importance, relatively few complete genome sequences have been determined for commonly circulating g/p-type strains (i.e., g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8], and g9p[8]). in the current study, we sequenced the genomes of 11 g4p[8] isolates from stool specimens that were collected in washington, dc during the years of 1974-1991. w ... | 2011 | 21712102 |
| osteopontin upregulation in rotavirus-induced murine biliary atresia requires replicating virus but is not necessary for development of biliary atresia. | biliary atresia (ba) is a progressive fibro-inflammatory pediatric liver disease in which osteopontin (opn), a glycoprotein with inflammatory and fibrogenic activity, may play a pathogenic role. the current studies were conducted in a mouse model of rotavirus-induced ba to test the hypotheses that live but not inactivated rotavirus causes antigenemia, upregulation of hepatic opn expression, and induction of ba and fibrosis; and that opn is necessary for development of ba. prolonged or transient ... | 2011 | 21742364 |
| investigations of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) in vaccine-related and other cell lines. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is highly prevalent in swine and was recently reported in u.s. licensed rotavirus vaccines. since animal-derived raw materials, such as cells, trypsin, and serum, can be a major source of introducing virus contamination in biological products, we have investigated pcv1 in several cell lines obtained from atcc that have broad use in research, diagnostics, or vaccine development. it is expected that these cell lines have been exposed to bovine and porcine viruses d ... | 2011 | 21835219 |
| clinical features and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus infections in libyan children. | rotaviruses and noroviruses are leading viral causes of diarrhoea in children. a cross-sectional study was undertaken among children aged <5 years with acute gastroenteritis at al-jala children's hospital, tripoli, libya, from october 2007 to september 2008. of 1,090 fecal samples collected, 260 from inpatients and 830 from outpatients, all inpatients and approximately a third of outpatients, selected systematically, were investigated for rotavirus and norovirus infection by elisa and real-time ... | 2011 | 21837804 |
| the incidence and direct medical cost of hospitalization due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in kyoto, japan, as estimated from a retrospective hospital study. | anticipating imminent licensure of rotavirus vaccine for use in japan, we estimated the incidence of rotavirus hospitalization and calculated the direct medical cost associated with rotavirus hospitalization in a hospital that provided virtually exclusive pediatric beds to the local community adjacent to the northern outskirts of metropolitan kyoto, japan. for a 2 year period between september, 2008 and august, 2010, there were 103 hospitalizations due to acute gastroenteritis among children les ... | 2011 | 21821087 |
| identification of a novel biomarker candidate, a 4.8-kda peptide fragment from a neurosecretory protein vgf precursor, by proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from children with acute encephalopathy using seldi-tof-ms. | abstract: background: acute encephalopathy includes rapid deterioration and has a poor prognosis. early intervention is essential to prevent progression of the disease and subsequent neurologic complications. however, in the acute period, true encephalopathy cannot easily be differentiated from febrile seizures, especially febrile seizures of the complex type. thus, an early diagnostic marker has been sought in order to enable early intervention. the purpose of this study was to identify a novel ... | 2011 | 21838886 |
| identification of an antibody binding epitope on the rotavirus non-structural protein nsp2 using phage display analysis. | the nsp2 of rotavirus has important roles in rotavirus replication associated with rna binding, hydrolysis of ntps and rna, and helix destabilising properties. a cell culture assay using a nsp2 specific monoclonal antibody (mab) and polyclonal antiserum to block viral replication showed a 73% and a 96% reduction in the amount of virus produced during replication respectively. phage display technology was used to identify the antibody binding region on the nsp2 protein with the motif (244)t-(y/f) ... | 2011 | 21697352 |
| rotavirus-induced ifn-{beta} promotes anti-viral signaling and apoptosis that modulate viral replication in intestinal epithelial cells. | rotavirus (rv), a leading cause of diarrhea, primarily infects intestinal epithelial cells (iec). rotavirus-infected iec produce ifn-+¦ and express hundreds of ifn-dependent genes. we thus hypothesized that type 1 ifn plays a key role in helping iec limit rv replication and/or protect against cell death. to test this hypothesis, we examined iec (ht29 cells) infected with rv (moi 1) -¦ neutralizing antibodies to ifn-+¦/+¦ via microscopy and sds-page immunoblotting. we hypothesized that neutraliza ... | 2011 | 21733977 |
| randomized, open-label, multicentre pharmacokinetic studies of two dose levels of pantoprazole granules in infants and children aged 1 month through <6 years with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. | the primary objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of pantoprazole delayed-release granules in infants and children aged 1 month to <6 years with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord). the studies described in this manuscript were conducted to fulfil the requirements of the paediatric written request for pantoprazole by the us fda. | 2011 | 21740077 |
| case report: detection of rotavirus rna in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with rotavirus gastroenteritis and meningism. | although case reports have described detection of rotavirus (rv) in extraintestinal sites such as the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (cns) of children with rv gastroenteritis, cns localization in rv infection seems to be rare. rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing detected a g1p[8] strain in the stool and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples of a patient with concurrent rv-associated enteritis and cns signs. upon sequence analysis, the viruses detected in the csf was identical to the virus de ... | 2011 | 21739456 |
| one-step rt-qpcr with an internal control system for the detection of turkey rotaviruses in faecal samples. | turkey rotaviruses are one of the major pathogens responsible for the poult enteritis syndrome (pes). in this study a one step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assay targeting the rotaviral non-structural protein 4 (nsp4) was developed. the nsp4 is a highly conserved gene inside the turkey rotavirus genome and contains an internal control system to monitor any potential rt-qpcr inhibitors. the detection limit of the optimized nsp4-rt-qpcr assay ranged from 8.15 ... | 2011 | 21816176 |
| genotype diversity of group a rotavirus strains in children with acute diarrhea in urban burkina faso, 2008-2010. | in this study, the diversity of g and p genotypes of rotavirus strains in burkinabe children were examined. between november 2008 and february 2010, 447 stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhea visiting hospital in ouagadougou. group a rotavirus was previously detected in 151/447 (33.8%) of the samples tested by an immunochromatographic test and these samples were now tested further for rotavirus g and p genotypes by rt-pcr. of these, the rotavirus type gene ... | 2011 | 21678452 |
| cost-effectiveness of universal rotavirus vaccination in reducing rotavirus gastroenteritis in ireland. | we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal infant rotavirus (rv) vaccination compared to current standard of care of "no vaccination". two rv vaccines are currently licensed in ireland: rotarixôäó and rotateqôäó. a cohort model used in several european countries was adapted using irish epidemiological, resource utilisation and cost data. the base case model considers the impact of rotarix vaccination on health-related quality of life of children under five years old from a healthcare payer ... | 2011 | 21821085 |
| circovirus and impact of temporary withdrawal of rotavirus vaccines in spain. | at the beginning of 2010 dna fragments of a porcine circovirus 1 (pcv-1) were detected in the monovalent rotavirus vaccine, rotarix-« (glaxosmithkline), and later also of pcv-1 and pcv-2 in the rotateq-« (msd) vaccine. these viruses are frequently found in meat and other products for normal human consumption and have not been shown to cause disease in humans. although the world health organization (who) and the european medicines agency (ema) did not recommended discontinuation of vaccination ag ... | 2011 | 21715979 |
| complications in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus: a retrospective analysis. | acute gastroenteritis (age) caused by rotavirus (rv) is a common disease among infants and toddlers, often leading to hospitalization and, in resource-poor countries, to death. however, little is known on specific complications of severe rv-positive (rv+) age and on the clinical course in chronically ill children. this was a retrospective analysis of data for children <5-áyears of age hospitalized due to age during six rotavirus seasons in three large german pediatric hospitals. the primary stud ... | 2011 | 21833497 |
| comparative evaluation of the potential impact of rotavirus versus hpv vaccination in gavi-eligible countries: a preliminary analysis focused on the relative disease burden. | immunization policymakers at global and local levels need to establish priorities among new vaccines competing for limited resources. however, comparison of the potential impact of single vaccination programs is challenging, primarily due to the limited number of vaccine analyses as well as their differing analytic approaches and reporting formats. the purpose of this study is to provide early insight into how the comparative impact of different new vaccines could be assessed in resource-poor se ... | 2011 | 21679420 |
| astrovirus infections in humans and animals - molecular biology, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmissions. | astroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded rna viruses first identified in 1975 in children suffering from diarrhea and then described in a wide variety of animals. to date, the list of animal species susceptible to astrovirus infection has expanded to 22 animal species or families, including domestic, synantropic and wild animals, avian, and mammalian species in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. astrovirus infections are considered among the most common cause ... | 2011 | 21843659 |
| infection: preventing 5 million child deaths from diarrhea in the next 5 years. | 2011 | 21725348 | |
| enteric vaccines for resource-limited countries: current status and future prospects. | 2011 | 21736257 | |
| use of the state immunization information system to assess rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in connecticut, 2006-2008. | immunization information systems (iis) contain individual vaccination records and have potential use for evaluating post-licensure vaccine effectiveness (ve). a matched case-control study was performed by using the connecticut state iis to calculate rotavirus ve against hospitalization; results were compared with pre-licensure efficacy and with estimates previously obtained by traditional case-control methods using matched controls from medical sources and medical chart abstracted data. case-pat ... | 2011 | 21723356 |
| iron oxide amended biosand filters for virus removal. | laboratory studies were performed to determine if the addition of iron oxides throughout biosand filter (bsf) media would increase virus removal due to adsorption. the proposed mechanism is electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged virion particles to positively charged iron oxides formed during the corrosion of zerovalent iron. initial tests conducted using continuous flow, small-scale glass columns showed high ms2 bacteriophage removal in an iron-amended sand column (5log10) compared to a ... | 2011 | 21708394 |
| comparative review of three cost-effectiveness models for rotavirus vaccines in national immunization programs; a generic approach applied to various regions in the world. | abstract: | 2011 | 21740545 |
| intussusception risk and health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in mexico and brazil. | because postlicensure surveillance determined that a previous rotavirus vaccine, rotashield, caused intussusception in 1 of every 10,000 recipients, we assessed the association of the new monovalent rotavirus vaccine (rv1) with intussusception after routine immunization of infants in mexico and brazil. | 2011 | 21675888 |
| rotavirus vaccination and intussusception--act two. | 2011 | 21675894 | |
| nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in a canadian paediatric hospital: incidence, disease burden and patients affected. | rotavirus is a well-recognised nosocomial pathogen in paediatric settings. although rotavirus gastroenteritis is a vaccine-preventable disease, there is currently no publicly funded programme in canada. the objective of this study was to inform rotavirus vaccination strategy by determining the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis (nrvge), estimating the burden of disease and characterising the patients affected. we performed a retrospective cohort study of all nrvge cases over a per ... | 2011 | 21723643 |
| viruses exploiting peroxisomes. | viruses that are of great importance for global public health, including hiv, influenza and rotavirus, appear to exploit a remarkable organelle, the peroxisome, during intracellular replication in human cells. peroxisomes are sites of lipid biosynthesis and catabolism, reactive oxygen metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. viral proteins are targeted to peroxisomes (the spike protein of rotavirus) or interact with peroxisomal proteins (hiv's nef and influenza's ns1) or use the peroxisomal mem ... | 2011 | 21824805 |
| experimental infection of pigs with group a rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in india: gross, histopathological and immunopathological study. | the authors describe a detailed study conducted in assam, india, of gross, histopathological and immunopathological alterations in pigs experimentally infected with rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) expressing k88 pili. a total of 30 caesarean derived piglets were infected experimentally with rotavirus alone or in combination with etec to study the gross and histopathological alterations and the distribution pattern of different b- and t cell subsets in the gut. villus atroph ... | 2011 | 21706463 |
| characterization of human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children under five with acute gastroenteritis in a saudi hospital. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. currently, there is no published data on the prevalence of subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the eastern province of saudi arabia. the objectives of the present study were to assess the rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis and to assess the subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the children and maternity hospital in dammam, eastern saudi arabia. | 2011 | 21694956 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children requiring hospitalization in the netherlands. | infectious gastroenteritis causes a considerable burden of disease worldwide. costs due to gastroenteritis are dominated by the hospitalized cases. effective control of gastroenteritis should be targeted at the diseases with the highest burden and costs. for that, an accurate understanding of the relative importance of the different bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens is needed. the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence and etiology of gastroenteritis requiring hosp ... | 2011 | 21725865 |
| Noroviruses as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Finland, 2009-2010. | Abstract Noroviruses are, after rotaviruses, the second most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. In a prospective study conducted in 2009-2010 at the Tampere University Hospital, 195 stool specimens were collected from cases of acute gastroenteritis in children and examined for noroviruses, sapoviruses, and rotaviruses, using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Noroviruses were found in 49 (25%) of the cases and sapoviruses in 12 (6%). The norovirus g ... | 2011 | 21696253 |
| Study results show potential impact of rotavirus vaccine on hospitalization rates of children. | 2011 | 21854305 | |
| Astrovirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children of less than 5 years of age in Taiwan, 2009. | BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Acute gastroenteritis is a common illness in children under 5 years old. Although rotavirus is a leading cause, other viruses including astrovirus are also important, but have been the subject of limited studies. This is a prospective study to investigate astrovirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Taiwan. MATERIAL/METHOD: From January 2009 to December 2009, children below 5 years of age admitted to three hospitals in Taiwan due to acute gastroenteritis were eligib ... | 2011 | 22209687 |
| Effects of vaccine on rotavirus disease in the pediatric population. | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide and continues to have a major global impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. Two effective rotavirus vaccines are available and recommended for routine immunization of all infants. These vaccines have been introduced in both developed and developing countries. As rotavirus vaccines are implemented, studies have been undertaken that assess the effects of vaccinat ... | 2011 | 22189398 |
| Molecular Techniques in Ecohealth Research Toolkit: Facilitating Estimation of Aggregate Gastroenteritis Burden in an Irrigated Periurban Landscape. | Assessment of microbial hazards associated with certain environmental matrices, livelihood strategies, and food handling practices are constrained by time-consuming conventional microbiological techniques that lead to health risk assessments of narrow geographic or time scope, often targeting very few pathogens. Health risk assessment based on one or few indicator organisms underestimates true disease burden due a number of coexisting causative pathogens. Here, we employed molecular techniques i ... | 2011 | 22146856 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus--the unrecognised cause of health and economic burden among young children in Australia. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) presents very similar to influenza and is the principle cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children worldwide. Yet, there is no systematic monitoring of RSV activity in Australia. This study uses existing published data sources to estimate incidence, hospitalisation rates, and associated costs of RSV among young children in Australia. Published reports from the Laboratory Virology and Serology Reporting Scheme, a passive voluntary surveillance system, a ... | 2011 | 22010512 |
| th2 signals induce epithelial injury in mice and are compatible with the biliary atresia phenotype. | biliary atresia (ba) is a destructive cholangiopathy of childhood in which th1 immunity has been mechanistically linked to the bile duct inflammation and obstruction that culminate in liver injury. based on reports of decreased th1 cytokines in some patients and the development of ba in mice lacking cd4+ t cells, we hypothesized that th1-independent mechanisms can also activate effector cells and induce ba. here, we tested this hypothesis using stat1-/- mice, which lack the ability to mount th1 ... | 2011 | 22005305 |
| diversity and zoonotic potential of rotaviruses in swine and cattle across europe. | group a rotaviruses can infect both humans and animals. individual rotavirus strains can occasionally cross species barriers and might hereby contribute to the emergence of new genotypes in heterologous hosts. the incidence and impact of zoonotic rotavirus are not well defined, and one reason for this is a lack of data about strains circulating in suspected reservoir animal hosts. in this study we report the incidence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected in dome ... | 2011 | 22079216 |
| rotavirus vaccine rix4414 (rotarix™): a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in developing countries. | this article provides an overview of the clinical profile of rotavirus vaccine rix4414 (rotarix™) in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) in developing countries, followed by a comprehensive review of pharmacoeconomic analyses with the vaccine in low- and middle-income countries. rvge is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children <5 years of age in developing countries. the protective efficacy of a two-dose oral series of rotavirus vaccine rix4414 has been d ... | 2011 | 21988293 |
| Genotyping of human rotaviruses circulating among children with diarrhea in Valencia, Venezuela. | Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis during childhood worldwide, especially in developing countries. Two rotavirus vaccines are available for childhood immunization programs. Evaluation of the vaccine performance will benefit from knowledge of the epidemiological features of rotavirus infection in regional settings. Limited information on the molecular characteristics of the rotavirus types circulating in Venezuela is available. Eighty seven (89.7%) of the 97 EL ... | 2011 | 22012733 |
| modeling rotavirus strain dynamics in developed countries to understand the potential impact of vaccination on genotype distributions. | understanding how immunity shapes the dynamics of multistrain pathogens is essential in determining the selective pressures imposed by vaccines. there is currently much interest in elucidating the strain dynamics of rotavirus to determine whether vaccination may lead to the replacement of vaccine-type strains. in developed countries, g1p[8] strains constitute the majority of rotavirus infections most years, but occasionally other genotypes dominate for reasons that are not well understood. we de ... | 2011 | 22084114 |
| Norovirus VLPs and rotavirus VP6 protein as combined vaccine for childhood gastroenteritis. | Noroviruses (NoVs) and rotaviruses (RVs) are the two most important viral causes of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Live oral RV vaccines are already part of routine childhood immunization in many countries, but may be associated with low risk of intussusception and other potential risks associated with live vaccines. NoV capsid-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) are in early phase clinical trials, but there is no vaccine available yet. We suggest that there is a need for no ... | 2011 | 21854823 |
| VP8* antigen produced in tobacco transplastomic plants confers protection against bovine rotavirus infection in a suckling mouse model. | Group A rotavirus is a major leading cause of diarrhea in mammalian species worldwide. In Argentina, bovine rotavirus (BRV) is the main cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves. VP4, one of the outermost capsid proteins, is involved in various virus functions. Rotavirus infectivity requires proteolytic cleavage of VP4, giving an N-terminal non-glycosilated sialic acid-recognizing domain (VP8*), and a C-terminal fragment (VP5*) that remains associated with the virion. VP8* subunit is the major determ ... | 2011 | 21893114 |
| first reports of human rotavirus g8p[4] gastroenteritis in the united states. | in 2009, three children were hospitalized in rochester, ny with sequence-confirmed g8p[4] rotavirus gastroenteritis-the first us detection of this uncommon strain more typically found in africa. continued monitoring of g8p[4] and other rotavirus genotypes not represented in current vaccines is essential to assess whether vaccination will result in an increase in prevalence of these strains. | 2011 | 22170918 |
| One year environmental surveillance of rotavirus specie A (RVA) genotypes in circulation after the introduction of the Rotarix® vaccine in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | Rotavirus specie A (RVA) infection is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide. To reduce this major RVA health impact, the Rotarix® vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium) was introduced in the Brazilian Expanded Immunization Program in March 2006 and became available to the entire birth cohort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spread of RVA in the environment after the introduction of Rotarix® in Brazil. For this purpose, a Wastewater Treatment P ... | 2011 | 21917289 |
| complete molecular genome analyses of equine rotavirus a strains from different continents reveal several new genotypes and a largely conserved genotype constellation. | in this study, the complete genome sequence of seven equine group a rotavirus (rva) strains (rva/horse-tc/gbr/l338/1991/g13p[18], rva/horse-wt/irl/03v04954/2003/g3p[12] and rva/horse-wt/irl/04v2024/2004/g14p[12] from europe; rva/horse-wt/arg/e30/1993/g3p[12], rva/horse-wt/arg/e403/2006/g14p[12], and rva/horse-wt/arg/e4040/2008/g14p[12] from argentina, and rva/horse-wt/zaf/eqrv-sa1/2006/g14p[12] from south africa) were determined. multiple new genotypes were identified and genotype numbers were a ... | 2011 | 22190012 |
| lessons from the us rotavirus vaccination program. | 2011 | 22009102 | |
| the emergence of rotavirus g12 and the prevalence of enteric viruses in hospitalized pediatric diarrheal patients in southern vietnam. | diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and the majority of infections are of viral etiology. we aimed to compare the etiological prevalence of the major enteric viruses in an urban and a rural setting in southern vietnam. we simultaneously screened fecal specimens from 362 children in ho chi minh city and dong thap province that were hospitalized with acute diarrhea over a 1-month-long period for four viral gastrointestinal pathogens. rotavirus wa ... | 2011 | 21976585 |
| benign afebrile convulsions in the course of mild acute gastroenteritis: a study of 28 patients and a literature review. | since the description of afebrile convulsions in the course of mild acute gastroenteritis (age) in 1982 by morooka in japan, there have been few reports of further cases outside asia. the aim of this study was to share our casuistry--from a non-asian country. | 2011 | 22068069 |
| acute cerebellitis associated with rotavirus infection. | background: rotavirus infection is occasionally associated with central nervous system involvement, including cerebellitis. however, the precise clinical sequelae of central nervous system disorders and the usefulness of neuroradiological examination for clinical therapies such as steroid pulse therapy have not been clarified. methods: we present a case of rotavirus cerebellitis examined by magnetic resonance imaging (mri), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and single photon emission computed tom ... | 2011 | 21874616 |
| notes from the field: outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis among elderly adults in two retirement communities--illinois, 2011. | in february 2011, three residents of a retirement community in illinois were hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. the admitting physicians ordered testing of stool specimens for several pathogens, including rotavirus. the hospital laboratory detected rotavirus antigen in specimens from each patient, and the hospital infection control practitioner reported that information to the cook county department of public health. two additional residents were hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis s ... | 2011 | 22031219 |
| Human infection with novel G3P[25] rotavirus strain in Taiwan. | Genotype P[25] rotaviruses are rare and to date have been reported to occur only in a few countries of mainland Asia. Here we report the molecular characterization of a novel human rotavirus genotype combination, G3P[25], detected in a 17-month-old child hospitalized due to severe gastroenteritis during 2009 in central Taiwan. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 gene demonstrated a distinct origin from other strains bearing the P[25] VP4 gene, whereas the VP7, VP6 and NSP4 gene phylo ... | 2011 | 21851477 |
| Epidemiology of acute encephalopathy in Japan, with emphasis on the association of viruses and syndromes. | A research committee supported by the Japanese government conducted a nationwide survey on the epidemiology of acute encephalopathy in Japan using a questionnaire. A total of 983 cases reportedly had acute encephalopathy during the past 3years, 2007-2010. Among the pathogens of the preceding infection, influenza virus was the most common, followed by human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and rotavirus. Among syndromes of acute encephalopathy, acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced di ... | 2011 | 21924570 |
| Rotavirus disease burden among children <5 years of age - Santa Rosa, Guatemala, 2007-2009. | Objectives To assess the burden of rotavirus disease in Guatemala, in view of the recent introduction of a national rotavirus vaccination programme. Methods We examined data from an active, facility-based surveillance system in Santa Rosa, Guatemala, from October 2007 through September 2009 among children <5 years of age presenting to the hospital or ambulatory clinics with diarrhoea (=3 loose stools in 24 h during the last 7 days). Demographic and epidemiological data were collected, and spec ... | 2011 | 22175547 |
| trends in intussusception-associated deaths among us infants from 1979-2007. | objective: we examined data from 1979-2007 to generate up-to-date baseline estimates of rotavirus intussusception mortality in us infants, to inform policy deliberations of the risks and benefits of vaccination. study design: secular trends in the infant intussusception mortality rate were evaluated using national multiple cause-of-death and natality data from 1979- 2007. linked birth/infant death data from 1998-2006 were examined to identify risk factors for intussusception deaths. results: aft ... | 2011 | 21925681 |
| Whole-genomic analysis of rotavirus strains: current status and future prospects. | Studies on genetic diversity of rotaviruses have been primarily based on the genes encoding the antigenically significant VP7 and VP4 proteins. Since the rotavirus genome has 11 segments of RNA that are vulnerable to reassortment events, analyses of the VP7 and VP4 genes may not be sufficient to obtain conclusive data on the overall genetic diversity, or true origin of strains. In the last few years following the advent of the whole-genome-based genotype classification system, the whole genomes ... | 2011 | 21958144 |
| meta-analysis: the effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg supplementation for the prevention of healthcare-associated diarrhoea in children. | in children, healthcare-associated diarrhoea, in particular, due to rotavirus, may prolong the hospital stay and increase medical costs, prompting interest in effective, low-cost, preventive strategies. | 2011 | 21899584 |
| rotavirus nsp4 is secreted from infected cells as an oligomeric lipoprotein and binds to glycosaminoglycans on the surface of non-infected cells. | abstract: background: nonstructural glycoprotein 4 (nsp4) encoded by rotavirus is the only viral protein currently believed to function as an enterotoxin. nsp4 is synthesized as an intracellular transmembrane glycoprotein and as such is essential for virus assembly. infection of polarized caco-2 cells with rotavirus also results in the secretion of glycosylated nsp4 apparently in a soluble form despite retention of its transmembrane domain. we have examined the structure, solubility and cell ... | 2011 | 22185400 |