Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| bugs and guts: practical applications of probiotics for gastrointestinal disorders in children. | probiotics are foods or products that contain live microorganisms that benefit the host when administered. in this clinical review, we evaluate the literature associated with using probiotics in common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, focusing specifically on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute gastroenteritis, clostridium difficile infection (cdi), colic, inflammatory bowel disease, and functional gastrointestinal diseases. meta-analysis of several randomized controlled trials have confi ... | 2015 | 26538058 |
| hospital-based clostridium difficile infection surveillance reveals high proportions of pcr ribotypes 027 and 176 in different areas of poland, 2011 to 2013. | as part of the european clostridium difficile infections (cdi) surveillance network (ecdis-net), which aims to build capacity for cdi surveillance in europe, we constructed a new network of hospital-based laboratories in poland. we performed a survey in 13 randomly selected hospital-laboratories in different sites of the country to determine their annual cdi incidence rates from 2011 to 2013. information on c. difficile laboratory diagnostic testing and indications for testing was also collected ... | 2015 | 26536049 |
| economic evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in australia. | 2015 | 26533526 | |
| the cost of treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection in patients attending infectious disease clinics at four hospitals in sweden. | 2015 | 26533275 | |
| health-economic evaluation of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and epidemiology in england and merseyside. | 2015 | 26533270 | |
| healthcare associated infections. impact and costs of diagnosis and management of clostridium difficile infections (cdi). the experience of a university hospital in rome. | 2015 | 26532060 | |
| administration of defined microbiota is protective in a murine salmonella infection model. | salmonella typhimurium is a major cause of diarrhea and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and perturbations of the gut microbiota are known to increase susceptibility to enteric infections. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a microbial ecosystem therapeutic (met-1) consisting of 33 bacterial strains, isolated from human stool and previously used to cure patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection, could also protect against s. typhimurium diseas ... | 2015 | 26531327 |
| diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification in detection of clostridium difficile in stool samples: a meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. more recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) has become readily available for the diagnosis of cdi, and many studies have investigated the usefulness of lamp for rapid and accurate diagnosis of cdi. however, the overall diagnostic accuracy of lamp for cdi remains unclear. in this meta-analysis, our aim was to establish the overall diagnostic accuracy of lamp in detection of clostridium difficile ... | 2015 | 26528332 |
| acute infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides. | infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides can present with an acute abdomen. the most common entities are ulcerative colitis, crohn disease, and clostridium difficile colitis. this article reviews the clinical and imaging findings of patients who present acutely with infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides. the acute abdomen can be defined as the sudden onset (generally <24 hours) of severe localized or generalized abdominal pain that prompts the patient to seek immediate medical assistanc ... | 2015 | 26526437 |
| fluoroquinolone and macrolide exposure predict clostridium difficile infection with the highly fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant epidemic c. difficile strain bi/nap1/027. | antibiotics have been shown to influence the risk of infection with specific clostridium difficile strains as well as the risk of c. difficile infection (cdi). we performed a retrospective case-control study of patients infected with the epidemic bi/nap1/027 strain in a u.s. hospital following recognition of increased cdi severity and culture of stools positive by c. difficile toxin immunoassay. between 2005 and 2007, 72% (103/143) of patients with first-episode cdis were infected with the bi st ... | 2015 | 26525793 |
| clostridium difficile secreted pro-pro endopeptidase ppep-1 (zmp1/cd2830) modulates adhesion through cleavage of the collagen binding protein cd2831. | the clostridium difficile cd2830 gene product is a secreted metalloprotease, named pro-pro endopeptidase (ppep-1). ppep-1 cleaves c. difficile cell surface proteins (e.g. cd2831). here, we confirmed that ppep-1 has a unique preference for prolines surrounding the scissile bond. moreover, we show that it exhibits a high preference for an asparagine at the p2 position and hydrophobic residues at the p3 position. using a ppep-1 knockout c. difficile strain, we demonstrate that the removal of the co ... | 2015 | 26522134 |
| impact of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea on acute care length of stay, hospital costs, and readmission: a multicenter retrospective study of inpatients, 2009-2011. | the recent epidemiologic changes of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) have resulted in substantial economic burden to u.s. acute care hospitals. past studies evaluating cdad-attributable costs have been geographically and demographically limited. here, we describe cdad-attributable burden in inpatients, overall, and in vulnerable subpopulations from the premier hospital database, a large, diverse cohort with a wide range of high-risk subgroups. | 2015 | 26521932 |
| an assessment of the aga and ccfa quality indicators in a sample of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by activation of the mucosal immune system and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. management of ibd places a significant burden on the health care system because of the complexity of treatment, variability in patient outcomes, and chronic nature of the disease. | 2015 | 26521118 |
| analysis of norovirus outbreaks reveals the need for timely and extended microbiological testing. | norovirus outbreaks in hospitals remain a substantial threat despite many recommendations for prevention published recently. | 2015 | 26520593 |
| investigation of clostridium difficile interspecies relatedness using multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst), multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed on 37 animal and human c. difficile isolates belonging to 15 different pcr-ribotypes in order to investigate the relatedness of human and animal isolates and to identify possible transmission routes. mlva identified a total of 21 different types while mlst only distinguished 12 types. identical c. difficile strains were detected in the same animal species fo ... | 2015 | 26545846 |
| molecular characterization of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection in pediatric ward in iran. | clostridium difficile is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. it is a significant financial burden on modern healthcare resources. this study aimed to assess the molecular characterization of c. difficile strains isolated from children under 5 years old suffered from nosocomial diarrhea. one hundred diarrheic and 130 non-diarrheic fecal samples were collected from pediatrics less than 5 years old. samples were cultured an ... | 2015 | 26543762 |
| neomycin and bacitracin reduce the intestinal permeability in mice and increase the expression of some tight-junction proteins. | tight-junction (tj) proteins regulate paracellular permeability. gut permeability can be modulated by commensal microbiota. manipulation of the gut microbiota with antibiotics like bacitracin and neomycin turned out to be useful for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by clostridium difficile or chemotherapy drugs. | 2015 | 26541656 |
| hiv-related opportunistic infections are still relevant in 2015. | the incidence of hiv-related opportunistic infections (ois) has declined in the united states with the increasing use of effective antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of hiv infection. however, the absolute number of patients with ois remains high and there continues to be considerable associated mortality. oi guidelines from the national institutes of health, centers for disease control and prevention, and infectious diseases society of america continue to be updated on a regular basis, se ... | 2015 | 26518395 |
| oral teicoplanin for successful treatment of severe refractory clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea. there is no defined protocol for treating severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi) refractory to vancomycin or vancomycin and metronidazole combination therapy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of clinical cure, time to resolution of diarrhoea and recurrence rate in patients with severe refractory cdi treated with oral teicoplanin. | 2015 | 26517480 |
| susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolates of varying antimicrobial resistance phenotypes to smt19969 and 11 comparators. | we determined the in vitro activity of smt19969 and 11 comparators, including metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomicin, against 107 c. difficile isolates of different antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. fidaxomicin and smt19969 were the most active. the fidaxomicin and smt19969 geometric mean mics were highest in ribotypes known to show multiple resistance. coresistance to linezolid and moxifloxacin was evident in ribotypes 001, 017, 027, and 356. the high-level ceftriaxone resistance in ribo ... | 2015 | 26552981 |
| cost analysis of hospitalized clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) causes heavy financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. as with all hospital-acquired infections, prolonged hospital stays are the main cost driver. previous cost studies only include hospital billing data and compare the length of stay in contrast to non-infected patients. to date, a survey of actual cost has not yet been conducted. | 2015 | 26550553 |
| differential outcome of an antimicrobial stewardship audit and feedback program in two intensive care units: a controlled interrupted time series study. | antimicrobial decision making in intensive care units (icus) is challenging. unnecessary antimicrobials contribute to the development of resistant pathogens, clostridium difficile infection and drug related adverse events. however, inadequate antimicrobial therapy is associated with mortality in critically ill patients. antimicrobial stewardship programs are increasingly being implemented to improve antimicrobial prescribing, but the optimal approach in the icu setting is unknown. we assessed th ... | 2015 | 26511839 |
| obesity is independently associated with infection in hospitalised patients with end-stage liver disease. | infection is the most common cause of mortality in end-stage liver disease (esld). the impact of obesity on infection risk in esld is not established. | 2015 | 26510540 |
| association between outpatient antibiotic prescribing practices and community-associated clostridium difficile infection. | background. antibiotic use predisposes patients to clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and approximately 32% of these infections are community-associated (ca) cdi. the population-level impact of antibiotic use on adult ca-cdi rates is not well described. methods. we used 2011 active population- and laboratory-based surveillance data from 9 us geographic locations to identify adult ca-cdi cases, defined as c difficile-positive stool specimens (by toxin or molecular assay) collected from out ... | 2015 | 26509182 |
| molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolated from rabbits raised for meat production. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of enteric disease in humans and animals. recent studies demonstrated a genetic overlap between c. difficile isolated from animals and humans suggesting animals as possible reservoir for human pathogenic strains. this study was a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of c. difficile in rabbits raised in industrial holdings for food production and aimed to characterise isolates and estimate their antimicrobial susceptibility. c. difficile isolates ... | 2015 | 26507420 |
| cadazolid does not promote intestinal colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in mice. | the promotion of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) is one potential side effect during treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), resulting from disturbances in gut microbiota. cadazolid (cdz) is an investigational antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against c. difficile and against vre and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of cdad. we report that cdz treatment did not lead to intestinal vre overgrowth in mice. | 2015 | 26503650 |
| multimorbidity in elderly hospitalised patients and risk of clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective study with the cumulative illness rating scale (cirs). | to identify the role of chronic comorbidities, considered together in a literature-validated index (cumulative illness rating scale, cirs), and antibiotic or proton-pump inhibitor (ppi) treatments as risk factors for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly multimorbid hospitalised patients. | 2015 | 26503394 |
| memory b cells encode neutralizing antibody specific for toxin b from the clostridium difficile strains vpi 10463 and nap1/bi/027 but with superior neutralization of vpi 10463 toxin b. | secreted toxin b (tcdb) substantially contributes to the pathology observed during clostridium difficile infection. to be successfully incorporated into a vaccine, tcdb-based immunogens must stimulate the production of neutralizing antibody (ab)-encoding memory b cells (bmem cells). despite numerous investigations, a clear analysis of bmem cellular responses following vaccination against tcdb is lacking. b6 mice were therefore used to test the ability of a nontoxigenic c-terminal domain (ctd) fr ... | 2015 | 26502913 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels are not associated with adverse outcomes in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant source of healthcare-associated morbidity and mortality. this study investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d is associated with adverse outcomes from cdi. patients with cdi were prospectively enrolled. charts were reviewed and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d was measured. the primary outcome was a composite definition of severe disease: fever (temperature >38°c), acute organ dysfunction, or serum white blood cell count >15,000 cells/µl withi ... | 2015 | 26500740 |
| decreasing clostridium difficile health care-associated infections through use of a launderable mattress cover. | the annual incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the united states is estimated to be 330,000 cases. we evaluated the impact of using a launderable mattress and bed deck cover on the incidence of hospital-onset cdi in 2 long-term acute care hospitals (ltachs). | 2015 | 26498703 |
| identification of a novel lipoprotein regulator of clostridium difficile spore germination. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive spore-forming pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea. c. difficile infections are transmitted when ingested spores germinate in the gastrointestinal tract and transform into vegetative cells. germination begins when the germinant receptor cspc detects bile salts in the gut. cspc is a subtilisin-like serine pseudoprotease that activates the related cspb serine protease through an unknown mechanism. activated cspb cleaves the pro-slec zymogen, ... | 2015 | 26496694 |
| use of probiotics in pediatric infectious diseases. | we summarize current evidence and recommendations for the use of probiotics in childhood infectious diseases. probiotics may be of benefit in treating acute infectious diarrhea and reducing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. potential benefits of probiotic on prevention of traveler's diarrhea,clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, side effects of triple therapy in helicobacter pylori eradication, necrotizing enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, acute respiratory infections and recurrent urinary tract ... | 2015 | 26496433 |
| a rare cause of reversible renal hemosiderosis. | kidney failure secondary to renal hemosiderosis has been reported in diseases with intravascular hemolysis, like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and valvular heart diseases. we present here a case of hemosiderin induced acute tubular necrosis secondary to intravascular hemolysis from clostridium difficile infection with possible role of supratherapeutic inr. we discuss the pathophysiology, causes, and prognosis of acute tubular injury from hemosiderosis. | 2015 | 26491580 |
| evaluation of a bedside scoring system for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of clostridium difficile infections. | the accuracy of a bedside scoring system, atlas, for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) was evaluated. | 2015 | 26490821 |
| hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a considerable health issue in the united states and represents the most common healthcare-associated infection. solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of cdi, which can affect both graft and patient survival. however, little is known about the impact of cdi on health services utilization posttransplantation. we examined hospital-onset cdi from 2012 to 2014 among transplant recipients in the university healthsystem consortium, which inclu ... | 2015 | 26484839 |
| from the hospital to the home--the rise and rise of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has emerged as a serious worldwide public health threat. although c. difficile has always been a cause of diarrhoeal disease in patients presenting to general practice, the rates of community-associated cdi (ca cdi) have increased. | 2015 | 26484484 |
| clinical characteristics and risk factors for community-acquired clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective, case-control study in a tertiary care hospital in japan. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has changed in the past decade. the incidence, prevalence, and severity of community-acquired cdi (ca-cdi) have increased. however, the epidemiology of ca-cdi in japan has not been investigated. to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for ca-cdi in japan, we conducted a retrospective, case-control study of ca-cdi at the national hospital organization tokyo medical center between january 2010 and december 2014. two age- a ... | 2015 | 26482373 |
| risk factors and outcomes for bloodstream infections secondary to clostridium difficile infection. | we determined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of bloodstream infections (bsi) subsequent to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we performed a retrospective study of all patients with definite diagnosis of cdi admitted from january 2014 to december 2014 in two large hospitals in rome. two groups of patients were analyzed: those with cdi and subsequent bsi (cdi/bsi(+)) and those with cdi and no evidence of primary bsi (cdi/bsi(-)). data about clinical features, microbiology, treatmen ... | 2015 | 26482315 |
| gastroenterologist perceptions of faecal microbiota transplantation. | to explore gastroenterologist perceptions towards and experience with faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). | 2015 | 26478682 |
| [the hunt for the toxicant from clostridium difficile]. | 2015 | 26485133 | |
| evaluating risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in adult and pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. | although hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients are routinely exposed to classic risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), few studies have assessed cdi risk in these high-risk patients, and data are especially lacking for pediatric hct recipients. we aimed to determine incidence and risk factors for cdi in adult and pediatric allogeneic hct recipients. | 2015 | 26473030 |
| scientific evidence for the use of current traditional systemic therapies in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. | traditional systemic therapies are frequently prescribed for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (hs). clinicians consider antibiotics, retinoids, antiandrogens, immunosuppressants, and less common treatment, such as fumarates, in the management of hs. different classes of medications have been selected to treat hs based on their ability to target various pathways of the condition. concerns about infection, such as infection with clostridium difficile, necessitates switching therapy or sho ... | 2015 | 26470615 |
| a gut odyssey: the impact of the microbiota on clostridium difficile spore formation and germination. | 2015 | 26468647 | |
| the effect of polydextrose and probiotic lactobacilli in a clostridium difficile-infected human colonic model. | clostridium difficile is a natural resident of the intestinal microbiota; however, it becomes harmful when the normal intestinal microbiota is disrupted, and overgrowth and toxin production occurs. the toxins can cause bloating and diarrhoea, which may cause severe disease and have the potential to cause outbreaks in hospitals and other healthcare settings. normally, antibiotic agents are used for treatment, although for some of the patients, these treatments provide only a temporary relief with ... | 2015 | 26468159 |
| clostridium difficile screening in cirrhosis: one for all, or some for one? | 2015 | 26467702 | |
| [the most common acute gastrointestinal infections]. | acute gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea with vomiting as its main presentation are a frequently encountered entity in an outpatient setting. due to a mostly self-limiting disease course a diagnostic work-up is often futile. viral infections caused by noro- or rotavirus are most frequent, while bacterial infections are second line due to high hygienic standards in developed countries. in an inpatient setting and after a precedent antibiotic treatment one should think of clostridium diffici ... | 2015 | 26463905 |
| effects of proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists on response to fidaxomicin or vancomycin in patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. | it has been established that use of proton pump inhibitors (ppis) is associated with an increased risk of acquiring clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad). however, it is not known whether the use of ppis or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (h2ras) concurrently with cdad-targeted antibiotic treatment affects clinical response or recurrence rates. | 2015 | 26462279 |
| the non-toxigenic clostridium difficile cd37 protects mice against infection with a bi/nap1/027 type of c. difficile strain. | clostridium difficile cd37, a clinical isolate from the usa, does not produce toxin a, b or binary toxin. the aim of this study was to determine whether strain cd37 can protect mice against infection from a challenge with a toxigenic c. difficile strain. three groups of mice (n = 10) were pretreated with a antibiotics cocktail for 5 days, switched to sterile water for 2 days, and given one dose of clindamycin (10 mg/kg) one day (day-1) before challenge (day 0) with a toxigenic c. difficile strai ... | 2015 | 26461425 |
| preparation and preliminary application of monoclonal antibodies to the receptor binding region of clostridium difficile toxin b. | a previous nationwide chinese epidemiological study revealed through isolation of a‑b+ clostridium difficile strains, which produce toxin b (tcdb), but not toxin a tcda, that the strains are widespread and more frequent in east asian countries,. the development of a process capable of detecting tcdb is required in microbiological laboratories in order to facilitate the control of the a‑b+ c. difficile strains, however, no diagnostic reagents have been developed to date. the aim of the present st ... | 2015 | 26459027 |
| microbiome as mediator: do systemic infections start in the gut? | the intestinal microbiome is emerging as a crucial mediator between external insults and systemic infections. new research suggests that our intestinal microorganisms contribute to critical illness and the development of non-gastrointestinal infectious diseases. common pathways include a loss of fecal intestinal bacterial diversity and a disproportionate increase in toxogenic bacterial species. therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiome - primarily probiotics - have yielded limited resul ... | 2015 | 26457009 |
| a potential cellular explanation for the increased risk of clostridium difficile infection due to hypoalbuminemia: reply di bella et al. | 2015 | 26456896 | |
| the protective role of albumin in clostridium difficile infection: a step toward solving the puzzle. | 2015 | 26456662 | |
| top ten facts you need to know about clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 26863828 | |
| hospital acquired diarrhea in a burn center of tehran. | incidence of hospital-acquired diarrhea has increased rapidly and burn patients are at high risk of getting it. infection with c. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. the aim of this study was to determine the baseline characteristics and clinical presentation of hospital-acquired diarrhea and compare c. difficile and non-c. difficile diarrhea in burn patients treated at a burn center. | 2015 | 26885330 |
| microbiome regulation of autoimmune, gut and liver associated diseases. | extensive analysis of the complexity and diversity of microbiota using metagenomics in the gut and other body sites has provided evidence that dysbiosis occurs in many disease states. with the application of next generation sequencing technology this research is starting to uncover the impact of microbiota on metabolic, physiological and immunological pathways and elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. to highlight these advances we have focused on autoimmunity and gut and liv ... | 2015 | 26817477 |
| persisting variation in testing and reporting clostridium difficile cases. | previous evidence suggested a significant variation in the testing algorithms used across the united kingdom for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and new national guidelines were issued in 2012. the main aim of this paper was to explore if such variation in testing and reporting is still present, to compare the management of cdi cases, and to investigate if there is any significant variation in the antibiotic policies among different hospitals. using london hospitals as a s ... | 2015 | 26877769 |
| [fecal bacteriotherapy for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile colitis used in the clinic of infectious diseases of the university hospital brno in 2010-2014 - a prospective study]. | the aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of fecal bacteriotherapy in the treatment of clostridium difficile colitis. | 2015 | 26795227 |
| quality outcomes in the surgical intensive care unit after electronic health record implementation. | the electronic health record (ehr) is increasingly viewed as a means to provide more coordinated, patient-centered care. few studies consider the impact of ehrs on quality of care in the intensive care unit (icu) setting. | 2015 | 26767058 |
| the use of an iv to po clinical intervention form to improve antibiotic administration in a community based hospital. | antimicrobials are among the most commonly prescribed medications in acute care settings, with 50% of antimicrobial use deemed inappropriate. antimicrobial stewardship programs (asp) aim to optimize antibiotic use in order to improve patient clinical outcomes while minimizing unwanted effects of therapy including clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and the emergence of resistant organisms. antimicrobial stewardship involves a coordinated set of interventions that ensure patients who require an ... | 2015 | 26734367 |
| prospective evaluation of a novel two-step protocol for screening of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adult patients. | abstract. clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in thailand and worldwide. the clinical spectrum ranges from annoy- ing diarrhea to severe life-threatening disease. enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay for cytotoxins a/b (cytotoxins a/b elfa), which has been widely used in our institute, generally is considered as having low sensitivity for diagnosis of cdi. the study was a prospective evaluation of a novel two-step diagnostic algorithm, in which ... | 2015 | 26867362 |
| prophylactic use of gentamicin/flucloxacillin versus cefuroxime in surgery: a meta analysis of clinical studies. | to conduct meta-analyses of all available studies comparing efficacies of prophylactic cefuroxime and prophylactic gentamicin/flucloxacillin (gen/flu) in preventing post-operative wound infections and their association with risks of clostridium difficile infections and post-operative renal impairment. | 2015 | 26770380 |
| comparison of a novel chemiluminescent based algorithm to three algorithmic approaches for the laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | rapid commercial assays, including nucleic acid amplification tests and immunoassays for clostridium. difficile toxins, have replaced the use of older assays. they are included in a two-step algorithm diagnosis, including first the detection of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) as a screening method and second the detection of toxins as a confirmatory method. although assays that detect the presence of free toxins in feces are known to lack sensitivity, they are preferable to confirm infection. ... | 2015 | 26705425 |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations and clostridium difficile infection: a meta-analysis. | well-known risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are exposure to antibiotics and gastric acid suppressants. recent studies have provided some evidence of an association between hypovitaminosis d and the risk of cdi. therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to pool all the existing evidence to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25[oh]d) and cdi. | 2015 | 26701764 |
| clinical features and characteristics of clostridium difficile pcr-ribotype 176 infection: results from a 1-year university hospital internal ward study. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. given an increasing cdi incidence and global spread of epidemic ribotypes, a 1-year study was performed to analyse the molecular characteristics of c. difficile isolates and associated clinical outcomes from patients diagnosed with cdi in the internal medicine department at university hospital motol, prague from february 2013 to february 2014. | 2015 | 26698842 |
| molecular characteristics of clostridium difficile strains from patients with a first recurrence more than 8 weeks after the primary infection. | nearly all published studies of recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi) report recurrent cdi within 8 weeks after the primary infection. this study explored the molecular characteristics of c. difficile isolates from the first recurrent cdi more than 8 weeks after the primary infection. | 2015 | 26698688 |
| self-administered home series fecal "minitransplants" for recurrent clostridium difficile infection on a rectal remnant. | a fecal microbiota transplant has proved to be an extremely effective method for patients with recurrent infections with clostridium difficile. we present the case of a 65-year-old female patient with multiple clostridium difficile infection (cdi) relapses on the rectal remnant, post-colectomy for a cdi-related toxic megacolon. the patient also evidenced associated symptomatic clostridium difficile vaginal infection. she was successfully treated with serial fecal "minitransplants" (self-administ ... | 2015 | 26697583 |
| clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. | patients with liver cirrhosis are at-risk population for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). there is a paucity of data on the incidence of cdi in cirrhotics with hepatic encephalopathy (he). the aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for cdi in cirrhotics hospitalized with he. | 2015 | 26697567 |
| nutritional keys for intestinal barrier modulation. | the intestinal tract represents the largest interface between the external environment and the human body. nutrient uptake mostly happens in the intestinal tract, where the epithelial surface is constantly exposed to dietary antigens. since inflammatory response toward these antigens may be deleterious for the host, a plethora of protective mechanisms take place to avoid or attenuate local damage. for instance, the intestinal barrier is able to elicit a dynamic response that either promotes or i ... | 2015 | 26697008 |
| the effect of lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the incidence of clostridium difficile infection in high risk patients treated with antibiotics. | lactobacillus plantarum 299v (lp299v) has been used in order to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms during antibiotic exposure. however, it remains controversial whether or not probiotics are effective in the prevention of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) among patients receiving antibiotics. the aim of this study was to analyze the cdi among patients receiving antibiotics and hospitalized in the period before and after starting routine use of lp299v as a prevention of this infection. | 2015 | 26690209 |
| the sos response master regulator lexa is associated with sporulation, motility and biofilm formation in clostridium difficile. | the lexa regulated sos network is a bacterial response to dna damage of metabolic or environmental origin. in clostridium difficile, a nosocomial pathogen causing a range of intestinal diseases, the in-silico deduced lexa network included the core sos genes involved in the dna repair and genes involved in various other biological functions that vary among different ribotypes. here we describe the construction and characterization of a lexa clostron mutant in c. difficile r20291 strain. the mutat ... | 2015 | 26682547 |
| two patients with fulminant clostridium difficile enteritis who had not undergone total colectomy: a case series and review of the literature. | introduction. clostridium difficile is the most common cause of healthcare associated infectious diarrhea, and its most common clinical manifestation is pseudomembranous colitis. small bowel enteritis is reported infrequently in the literature and typically occurs only in patients who have undergone ileal pouch anastomosis due to inflammatory bowel disease or total abdominal colectomy for other reasons. presentation of cases. we report here two cases in which patients developed small bowel c. di ... | 2015 | 26682082 |
| time-resolved amino acid uptake of clostridium difficile 630δerm and concomitant fermentation product and toxin formation. | clostridium difficile is one of the major nosocomial threats causing severe gastrointestinal infections. compared to the well documented clinical symptoms, little is known about the processes in the bacterial cell like the regulation and activity of metabolic pathways. in this study, we present time-resolved and global data of extracellular substrates and products. in a second part, we focus on the correlation of fermentation products and substrate uptake with toxin production. | 2015 | 26680234 |
| comparison of oral vancomycin capsule and solution for treatment of initial episode of severe clostridium difficile infection. | vancomycin is recommended as a first-line therapy for severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi). due to the high cost of commercially available vancomycin capsules, hospitals frequently compound oral solution despite a lack of data comparing outcomes. this study was conducted to determine treatment outcome differences based on oral vancomycin formulation. | 2015 | 24375999 |
| the relationship of bedside nurses' emotional intelligence with quality of care. | emotional intelligence, a predictor of productivity and success, may impact behaviors responsible for quality of care. this study examined if emotional intelligence of units' bedside nurses is related to the quality of care delivered to the patients. in this study, emotional intelligence was found to be correlated to the number of clostridium difficile infections, mrsa infections, patient falls with injury, and pressure ulcer screenings (p < .001) in the inpatient acute care setting. | 2015 | 24356579 |
| the prevention and management of infections due to multidrug resistant organisms in haematology patients. | infections due to resistant and multidrug resistant (mdr) organisms in haematology patients and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are an increasingly complex problem of global concern. we outline the burden of illness and epidemiology of resistant organisms such as gram-negative pathogens, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre), and clostridium difficile in haematology cohorts. intervention strategies aimed at reducing the impact of these organisms are reviewed: infection p ... | 2015 | 24341410 |
| association between prehospital vitamin d status and hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infections. | to investigate whether preadmission 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25(oh)d) levels are associated with the risk of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (hacdi). | 2015 | 24492311 |
| a study in transfer learning: leveraging data from multiple hospitals to enhance hospital-specific predictions. | data-driven risk stratification models built using data from a single hospital often have a paucity of training data. however, leveraging data from other hospitals can be challenging owing to institutional differences with patients and with data coding and capture. | 2015 | 24481703 |
| novel risk factors for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in children. | clostridium difficile, a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, has been reported to recur in high rates in adults. the rates and risk factors for recurrent c difficile infection (rcdi) in children have not been well established. | 2015 | 25199038 |
| mathematical modelling reveals properties of tcdc required for it to be a negative regulator of toxin production in clostridium difficile. | the role of the protein tcdc in pathogenicity of the bacterium clostridium difficile is currently unclear: conflicting reports suggest it is either a negative regulator of toxin production or, on the other hand, has no effect on virulence at all. we exploit a theoretical approach by taking what is known about the network of proteins surrounding toxin production by c. difficile and translating this into a mathematical model. from there it is possible to investigate a range of possible interaction ... | 2015 | 24687436 |
| antimicrobial stewardship program implementation in a medical intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in saudi arabia. | antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) have shown to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance associated with an inappropriate antimicrobial use. the primary objective of this study was to compare the prescribing appropriateness rate of the empirical antibiotic therapy before and after the asp implementation in a tertiary care hospital. secondary objectives include the rate of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), physicians' acceptance rate, patient's intensive care unit ... | 2015 | 24413857 |
| vitamin d status and severity of clostridium difficile infections: a prospective cohort study in hospitalized adults. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, affecting up to 10% of hospitalized patients. preliminary studies suggest an association between vitamin d status and c difficile infections (cdis). our goal was to investigate whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25(oh)d) levels are associated with cdi severity. | 2015 | 24408036 |
| vaccination against clostridium difficile using toxin fragments: observations and analysis in animal models. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. recently, we have shown that effective protection can be mediated in hamsters through the inclusion of specific recombinant fragments from toxin a and b in a systemically delivered vaccine. interestingly while neutralizing antibodies to the binding domains of both toxin a and b are moderately protective, enhanced survival is observed when fragments from the glucosyltransferase region of toxin b replace those from the bindi ... | 2015 | 24637800 |
| surgical management of severe colitis in the intensive care unit. | severe colitis, an umbrella encompassing several entities, is one of the most common acute gastrointestinal disorders resulting in critical illness. clostridium difficile infection is responsible for the majority of nosocomial diarrhea with fulminant c difficile colitis (cdc) carrying a high mortality. optimal outcomes can be achieved by early identification and treatment of fulminant cdc, with appropriate surgical intervention when indicated. ischemic colitis, on the other hand, is uncommon wit ... | 2015 | 24859995 |
| detecting and preventing reversion to toxicity for a formaldehyde-treated c. difficile toxin b mutant. | the toxicity of clostridium difficile large clostridial toxin b (tcdb) can be reduced by many orders of magnitude by a combination of targeted point mutations. however, a tcdb mutant with five point mutations (referred to herein as mtcdb) still has residual toxicity that can be detected in cell-based assays and in-vivo mouse toxicity assays. this residual toxicity can be effectively removed by treatment with formaldehyde in solution. storage of the formaldehyde-treated mtcdb as a liquid can resu ... | 2015 | 24951860 |
| deciphering meta-analytic results: a mini-review of probiotics for the prevention of paediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and clostridium difficile infections. | meta-analyses are used to evaluate pooled effects of a wide variety of investigational agents, but the interpretation of the results into clinical practices may be difficult. this mini-review offers a three-step process to enable healthcare providers to decipher pooled meta-analysis estimates into results that are useful for therapeutic decisions. as an example of how meta-analyses should be interpreted, a recent meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of paediatric antibiotic-associated ... | 2015 | 24889895 |
| a different kind of "allogeneic transplant": successful fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent and refractory clostridium difficile infection in a patient with relapsed aggressive b-cell lymphoma. | 2015 | 24828871 | |
| [clostridium difficile infections in spanish internal medicine departments during the period 2005-2010: the burden of the disease]. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing in spain. a review is presented of this infection in order to evaluate the burden of the disease in this country. | 2015 | 24679445 |
| peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis triggered by clostridium difficile-associated colitis. | 2015 | 24525609 | |
| bacterial xylrs and synthetic promoters function as genetically encoded xylose biosensors in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable and abundant starting material for biofuel production. however, lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain not only glucose, but also other sugars including xylose which cannot be metabolized by the industrial workhorse saccharomyces cerevisiae. hence, engineering of xylose assimilating s. cerevisiae has been much studied, including strain optimization strategies. in this work, we constructed genetically encoded xylose biosensors that can control protein expres ... | 2015 | 24975936 |
| an in vitro culture model to study the dynamics of colonic microbiota in syrian golden hamsters and their susceptibility to infection with clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are caused by colonization and growth of toxigenic strains of c. difficile in individuals whose intestinal microbiota has been perturbed, in most cases following antimicrobial therapy. determination of the protective commensal gut community members could inform the development of treatments for cdi. here, we utilized the lethal enterocolitis model in syrian golden hamsters to analyze the microbiota disruption and recovery along a 20-day period following a s ... | 2015 | 25036923 |
| phage tail-like particles kill clostridium difficile and represent an alternative to conventional antibiotics. | current clostridium difficile infection (cdi) antibiotic regimens have become increasingly ineffective at achieving cure and preventing recurrence. a recently developed alternative to conventional antibiotics are phage tail-like particles (ptlps), which are proteins that are morphologically similar to bacteriophages and are produced by c difficile. this study examines the in vitro killing spectrum of a previously unreported ptlp isolated from a clinical isolate of c difficile. | 2015 | 25061002 |
| first polish outbreak of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infections among dialysis patients. | this report describes an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in a nephrology ward in 2012, caused by the fluoroquinolone- and clindamycin-resistant polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ribotype 027 strains. an increase in the number of cases of diarrhoea was noted among patients hospitalised between 26 november 2012 and 17 december 2012 in a hospital in north poland. eight patients were on haemodialysis in the outpatient dialysis facility, while one patient was receiving peritoneal dial ... | 2015 | 25060801 |
| calorie intake of enteral nutrition and clinical outcomes in acutely critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | the appropriate calorie intake to be provided to critically ill patients via enteral nutrition (en) remains unclear. we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effect of initial underfeeding and full feeding in acutely critically ill patients. | 2015 | 25078609 |
| incidence of diarrhea by clostridium difficile in hematologic patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: risk factors for severe forms and death. | we describe the rate of incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in hematologic and patients undergone stem cell transplant (hsct) at hc-fmusp, from january 2007 to june 2011, using two denominators 1,000 patient and 1,000 days of neutropenia and the risk factors associated with the severe form of the disease and death. the elisa method (ridascreen-biopharm, germany) for the detections of toxins a/b was used to identify c. difficile. a multivariate analysis was performed to ... | 2015 | 25076434 |
| an agent-based simulation model for clostridium difficile infection control. | control of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasingly difficult problem for health care institutions. there are commonly recommended strategies to combat cdi transmission, such as oral vancomycin for cdi treatment, increased hand hygiene with soap and water for health care workers, daily environmental disinfection of infected patient rooms, and contact isolation of diseased patients. however, the efficacy of these strategies, particularly for endemic cdi, has not been well studied. ... | 2015 | 25112595 |
| identifying all at-risk patients for clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 25110874 | |
| investigation of the mics of fidaxomicin and other antibiotics against hungarian clostridium difficile isolates. | the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro activities of fidaxomicin and other antibiotics against 188 clostridium difficile strains collected from different centers of hungary. c. difficile isolates showed minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range for fidaxomicin of ≤0.008-0.5 mg/l, with a mic90 of 0.125 mg/l. only four isolates (2.1%) had 0.5 mg/l mic to fidaxomicin. the obtained mics showed identical distribution to those found in the eucast database for wild-type strains. | 2015 | 25139122 |
| iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in kenyan infants. | in-home iron fortification for infants in developing countries is recommended for control of anaemia, but low absorption typically results in >80% of the iron passing into the colon. iron is essential for growth and virulence of many pathogenic enterobacteria. we determined the effect of high and low dose in-home iron fortification on the infant gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation. | 2015 | 25143342 |
| tigecycline suppresses toxin a and b production and sporulation in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is mediated by potent extracellular toxins and is spread largely via bacterial spores. we and others have shown that some antibiotics stimulate c. difficile toxin production in a strain-specific manner; however, the effects of newer anti-c. difficile antibiotics on this process remain to be investigated. | 2015 | 25151204 |
| the first case of severe clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infection in taiwan. | 2015 | 25150914 |