Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
legal abortion. 1994303225
simple sensitive technique for detecting organochlorine pesticides on thin layer chromatograms.chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides can be quickly detected using commercially available thin layer chromatographic plates dipped in an acetone solution of silver nitrate. the limits of detection are functions of the pesticide, adsorbent, developing system, and concentration of the silver nitrate in acetone solution. on exposure to ultraviolet light, 0.002 microgram 2,4,5-t produced clear darkening within 30 min on precoated silica gel plates (polyvinyl alcohol binder) coated with a solution of 0 ...1994197057
antimicrobial susceptibility of non-o1 vibrio cholerae isolated from wastewater stabilization ponds in marrakesh, morocco.the 365 strains of vibrio cholerae, isolated in marrakesh from raw sewage and stabilization pond effluent, were all identified as non-o1 vibrio cholerae. when tested for their susceptibilities to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, novobiocin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, 13% of the strains from raw sewage and 20% of those from stabilization pond effluent were found to be resistant to one or more of the antibiotics. there were no significant ...199424420955
production of n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase by vibrio cholerae non-o1.vibrio cholerae non-o1 (1148 a) produced β-n-acetylglucosamini-dase and n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) deacetylase intracellularly when grown in chitin or glcnac containing medium. it also secreted chitinase only in the chitin-containing medium. the partially purified glcnac deacetylase deacetylated glcnac but not chitin oligosaccharides, the dimer to hexamer of glcnac. we also detected the reaction product by capillary electrophoresis.199427315721
vibrio mimicus are the reservoirs of the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (nag-st) among species of the genus vibrio.using a 0.27 kb dna probe specific for the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (nag-st) of vibrio cholerae non-o1, 1109 strains representing 17 species of the genus vibrio, isolated from clinical and environmental sources were examined. the nag-st gene was preponderantly associated with strains classified as v. mimicus; 16.8% of these strains hybridized. it was more frequent in the clinical isolates (22.6%) than in the environmental isolates (13.7%). the incidence of nag-st gene-positive strains of v. ...199424420888
cholera toxin gene polymerase chain reaction for detection of non-culturable vibrio cholerae o1.cholera enterotoxin is a major antigenic determinant for virulence of vibrio cholerae o1 which can enter into a viable but non-culturable (n-c) state, not detectable by conventional culture methods, yet remain capable of producing enterotoxin and potentially pathogenic. pcr was applied in the current study to detect the chilera toxin (ctx) gene of n-c cells, thus eliminating the necessity of culture. sets of oligonucleotide primers were designed, based on the ctxab operon of v. cholerae o1, to d ...199424421136
cholera in the mediterranean: outbreak in albania.in the 1990s, an epidemic of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae 01 el tor has spread from northern pakistan to the mediterranean. in 1993 sporadic cases of cholera, and epidemic foci, were recorded in many countries of the southern part of eastern europe.199512631749
intestinal coinfection with numerous giardia trophozoites and vibrio cholerae in hospitalized children with watery diarrhea.during the recent cholera epidemic which affected peru and other latin american countries, fresh stool samples of 100 hospitalized children were assessed february through april 1991. the children had been admitted because of profuse watery diarrhea. the microbiologic study of wet mount preparations showed curved bacteria suspicious for cholera agent and confirmed afterward to be vibrio cholerae 01 scrotype inaba. in 30% of such cases, besides the curved bacteria, a strikingly large number of tro ...199511995904
neonatal diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal.cholera rarely occurs in children under 2 years of age. we describe diarrhea due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal, the newly described etiologic agent of cholera in a 4-day-old breast-fed baby. however, the diarrhea was mild and was successfully treated with rehydration therapy and erythromycin.19959407221
a review of the current status of enteric vaccines.much progress has been made in developing vaccines against the most important enteric infections. two new vaccines against typhoid fever (oral ty21a and parenteral vi polysaccharide) have been licensed in many countries. newer, more sophisticated typhoid vaccines undergoing clinical testing include recombinant attenuated salmonella typhi strains and vi polysaccharide-carrier-protein conjugate vaccines. two inactivated oral cholera vaccines, consisting of inactivated vibrio cholerae o1 bacteria a ...19959522876
molecular epidemiological studies of vibrio cholerae in taiwan: genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing.to type the vibrio cholerae strains isolated from sporadic and epidemic cases in taiwan, 28 toxigenic isolates were studied by sequencing polymerase chain reaction-amplified cholera toxin gene (ctx) fragments. based on specific base substitutions on positions 115 and 203 of ctxb and comparison with previously published typing system from centers for disease control and prevention (olsvik theta et al., j clin microbiol 1993; 31:22-5, ref.1), two genotypes were identified. cholera strains from imp ...19959775006
genomic and biochemical relatedness between vibrio cholerae serovar o139 and serovar o1 eltor strains.vibrio cholerae o139 (bengal) the new pandemic cholera strain emerging on the indian subcontinent has revealed considerable homology to vibrio cholerae o1 el tor (strain of the seventh pandemic cholera) in terms of genetic and biochemical properties. apart from capsule and o139 lps formation, all strains of v. cholerae o139 were found to be identical to v. cholerae o1 el tor strains with respect to genomic restriction fragment length polymorphism, genomic distribution of the pathogenic island, p ...19959810642
nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 intestinal pathology in adult mice.the intestinal pathology caused by nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 was examined in the sealed adult mouse (sam) model. histologic examination demonstrated that a nontoxigenic v. cholerae o1 strain that elicited maximum fluid accumulation (fa) in the small intestine of adult mice caused damages to the villi and necrosis of lymphoid elements within solitary submucosal lymphoid nodules in the peyer's patches. challenge of mice with a strain that did not elicit intestinal fa produced none of the abo ...19959810644
why do we not yet have a suitable vaccine against cholera?the available options, past and present, of cholera vaccines have been summarized above. it is saddening but clear that, more than a century after the introduction of the first cholera vaccine, we still do not have available a suitable vaccine against cholera. the currently raging and expanding new epidemic of cholera in the western hemisphere dramatically illustrates anew the need, although a new illustration is not necessary if one but considers the innumerable, but unnecessary, victims of cho ...19957502872
molecular subtyping of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o139 causing epidemic cholera in india and bangladesh, 1992-1993.since october 1992, > 150,000 cases of cholera have been reported from india and bangladesh; the great majority of vibrio cholerae isolates belong to the newly established serogroup o139. to better understand the interaction of genetic and epidemiologic factors responsible for their sudden appearance and rapid spread, representative toxigenic v. cholerae o139 isolates were molecularly characterized and compared with a set of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 and non-o1/non-o139 strains. dna sequences of ...19957528249
the capsule and o antigen in vibrio cholerae o139 bengal are associated with a genetic region not present in vibrio cholerae o1.vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, although closely related to v. cholerae o1 el tor, produces a polysaccharide capsule and has a distinct o antigen. we have identified a chromosomal region of at least 11 kb, as defined by three tnphoa mutations, that is required for the expression of both polysaccharides. electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis show that these tnphoa mutants have lost the abilities both to express capsule and to produce lipopolysaccharide bey ...19957528734
evidence for a weak adaptive response to alkylation damage in vibrio cholerae.wild-type vibrio cholerae cells, when adapted by a stepwise treatment with sub-lethal concentrations of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), acquired resistance to killing and mutagenesis by subsequent challenges with higher concentrations of mnng. this was also seen in the rec isogenic strain indicating that the observed phenomenon was not due to the induction of sos functions. further, the adapted cells of both the wild-type and rec strains could reactivate lethally alkylated phages wi ...19957528898
carbohydrate-dependent binding of the cell-free hemagglutinin of vibrio cholerae to glycoprotein and glycolipid.the carbohydrate-binding specificity of the cell-free hemagglutinin (ha) of vibrio cholerae (k.k. banerjee, a.n. ghose, k. datta-roy, s.c. pal, and a.c. ghose, infect. immun.58:3698-3705, 1990) was studied by using glycoconjugates with defined sugar sequences. the ha was not inhibited by simple sugars including glucobiose, galabiose, and their n-acetylated derivatives. the hemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by the ha was inhibited moderately by fetuin, calf thyroglobulin, and human alpha 1- ...19957530711
[causative agent of the so-called "light disease of shrimps" is luminescent vibrio cholerae non-o1].a number of luminous fresh-water shrimps were found in a fish preserve in lake biwa, shiga prefecture, in the middle of july, 1994, and most of them died within several hours after collection (the so-called "light disease of shrimp"). four luminous organisms were isolated from a dead shrimp. although the phenotypic properties of these strains were similar to those of v. cholerae or v. mimicus, a representative strain, 838-94, was shown to have a high level (79%) of dna homology with v. cholerae ...19957474354
[detection of bacterial protein toxins by a bead-elisa].a highly sensitive bead-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect bacterial protein toxins was developed. fab' of anti-toxin igg was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase by the maleimide method and tetramethylbenzidine was used as a substrate. as the solid phase, a 6.5 mm diameter polystyrene bead was used and this was coated with the anti-toxin igg. the sensitivities of the bead-elisa for various bacterial protein toxins were as follows: less than 40 pg/ml for cholera enterotoxin (ct), less ...19957474396
[adhesins from vibrio cholerae: phenotypic analysis and genetic control of synthesis]. 19957477034
[phenotypic analysis of two morphologically different types of vibrio cholerae 0139 colonies].a clinical isolate vibrio cholerae p16064 serogroup 0139 was shown to produce two different kinds of colonies: opaque encapsulated and translucent devoid of capsule. low virulence of translucent colonies seems to be due to not only loss of capsule which determines serum resistance, but also to decreased expression of genes controlling the motility, and production of protease and mannose-sensitive adhesion pili. analysis of the lysogenic properties of the two types of colonies permitted us to pro ...19957477037
genetic rearrangements in the rfb regions of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139.the recent emergence of a pathogenic new non-o1 serotype (o139) of vibrio cholerae has led to numerous studies in an attempt to identify the origins of this new strain. our studies indicate that o139 strains have clear differences in the surface polysaccharides when compared with o1 strains: the lipopolysaccharide can be described as semi-rough. southern hybridization with the o1 rfb region demonstrates that o139 strains no longer contain any of the rfb genes required for the synthesis of the o1 ...19957479787
outbreak of vibrio cholerae 01 in hong kong related to contaminated fish tank water.an outbreak of 12 cholera cases, caused by vibrio cholerae eltor inaba, occurred in hong kong during a three week period in june-july 1994. only adults of both sexes were affected. epidemiological investigations showed linkage in all cases with consumption of seafood, including shellfish, mantis shrimps and crabs. microbiological findings demonstrated that contaminated seawater in fish tanks used for keeping alive these seafoods is the most likely vehicle of transmission. aggressive control meas ...19957480605
acute acalculous cholecystitis due to vibrio cholerae.the case of a 57-year-old woman admitted with symptoms and signs suggesting an intestinal infection caused by vibrio cholerae, and who also developed a clinical picture compatible with acute cholecystitis, is presented. cholera was diagnosed by examining a fresh sample of stools and cultures. an abdominal sonogram disclosed signs of acute acalculous cholecystitis. she underwent cholecystectomy, and cultures of a clear fluid and a "milky" sediment found within the gallbladder were also positive f ...19957482176
necrotizing fasciitis and septic shock caused by vibrio cholerae acquired in san diego, california. 19957483603
vibrio cholerae in the horn of africa: epidemiology, plasmids, tetracycline resistance gene amplification, and comparison between o1 and non-o1 strains.the prevalence of vibrio cholerae o1 and non-o1 has been investigated in numerous somali regions of the horn of africa from 1983 to 1990. from january 1983 to january 1985 and between december 1986 and december 1990, no strains of v. cholerae o1 and 226 strains (5.3%) of v. cholerae non-o1 were isolated from 4,295 diarrhea cases. during a cholera epidemic in 1985 and 1986, the overall case-fatality rate was 13% and the attack rate was 3-3.5 per 1,000 population. matched case-control studies iden ...19957485686
uptake and retention of vibrio cholerae o1 in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica.vibrio cholerae 01, the causative agent of cholera, is known to persist in estuarine environments as endogenous microflora. the recent introduction of v. cholerae 01 into estuaries of the north and south american continents has stimulated the need to determine the effect of controlled purification on reducing this pathogen in edible molluscan shellfish. experiments defined parameters for the uptake and retention of v. cholerae 01 in tissues of crassostrea virginica, and these parameters were com ...19957487003
enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences and the pcr to generate fingerprints of genomic dnas from vibrio cholerae o1, o139, and non-o1 strains.enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequence polymorphism was studied in vibrio cholerae strains isolated before and after the cholera epidemic in brazil (in 1991), along with epidemic strains from peru, mexico, and india, by pcr. a total of 17 fingerprint patterns (fps) were detected in the v. cholerae strains examined; 96.7% of the toxigenic v. cholerae o1 strains and 100% of the o139 serogroup strains were found to belong to the same fp group comprising four fragments (fp1) ...19957487023
targeting of cholera toxin and escherichia coli heat labile toxin in polarized epithelia: role of cooh-terminal kdel.vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli heat labile toxins (ct and lt) elicit a secretory response from intestinal epithelia by binding apical receptors (ganglioside gm1) and subsequently activating basolateral effectors (adenylate cyclase). we have recently proposed that signal transduction in polarized cells may require transcytosis of toxin-containing membranes (lencer, w. i., g. strohmeier, s. moe, s. l. carlson, c. t. constable, and j. l. madara. 1995. proc. natl. acad. sci. usa. 92:10094-1009 ...19957490296
quartz crystal microbalance detection of vibrio cholerae o139 serotype.a piezoelectric (pz) quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) biosensor for the rapid detection of vibrio cholerae serotype o139 has been developed. the antibody to this serotype was immobilized on the gold transducer surface of a 10 mhz at cut pz crystal. solutions containing known antigen concentrations were then incubated for 1 h on the antibody-bound transducer. the biosensor was able to detect 10(5) cells per ml of o139 versus a background of o1 (ogawa) serotype.19957490448
[vibrio cholera (vibrio cholerae non-01) isolated in poland from the bug river].non-01 cholera vibrios for the first time has been isolated from freshwater in poland. in october 1994 during bacteriological examination of bug water by a two-step enrichment method in alkaline peptone water at ph 8.6 and tcbs. repeated examination in november, december and january in the same and other locations among the polish-ukrainian borderline revealed persistence of v. cholerae in the river; 22 strains were isolated. all 22 strains were identical to v. cholerae e1 tor 01 ogawa reference ...19957491417
[mexican phenotype and genotype vibrio cholerae 01].this paper presents the phenotypical and genotypical characterization of 26922 vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated in mexico from 1991 to 1993. all strains isolated were el tor biovar. strains were sensitive to antibiotics excluding furazolidone, streptomycin and sulfisoxasole to which we found resistance in 97% and we are using this characteristic as epidemiological markers. we detected a marked change in frequency of inaba serotype from 1991, when it was dominant, with 99.5%, until 1992 when o ...19957493738
induction of heat shock response in vibrio cholerae.general properties of the heat shock response in vibrio cholerae were examined. enhanced or de novo synthesis of 24 proteins was observed upon heat shock from 30 degrees c to 42 degrees c in cells labelled with [35s]methionine. a similar response could also be induced by a rise in temperature from 30 degrees c to 37 degrees c. of these heat shock proteins, two were determined to be homologues of groel and dnak, based upon their immunological cross-reactivity with antibodies raised against the es ...19957496521
impaired immune response to natural infection as a correlate of vaccine failure in a field trial of killed oral cholera vaccines.in a field trial carried out in 1985 in matlab, bangladesh, the authors evaluated whether subjects who developed vibrio cholerae 01 infections during the first year after earlier receipt of b subunit-killed whole cell (bs-wc) or killed whole cell-only (wc) oral cholera vaccines exhibited deficient serum vibriocidal immune responses to these infections. after severe v. cholerae 01 infections (n = 70) in subjects > 5 years of age, the age group in which both vaccines were efficacious, a 6.5 geomet ...19957572947
cholera gravis caused by vibrio cholerae o139, a novel, imported pathogen. 19957578754
[the role of ultrastructural changes of suckling rabbit lungs in pathogenesis of experimental cholera]. 19957579278
in bacillus subtilis 168, teichoic acid of the cross-wall may be different from that of the cylinder: a hypothesis based on transcription analysis of tag genes.five of the genes known to encode the enzymes for the synthesis of poly(glycerol phosphate), the major teichoic acid of bacillus subtilis 168, are organized in two divergently transcribed operons, tagab and tagdef. lacz and gus transcriptional fusions to the first genes of these operons revealed that: (i) in media of different richness, higher growth rates were paralleled by lower transcription levels; (ii) upon transition to stationary phase, the transcription per unit mass of both operons incr ...19957581998
circular dichroism of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o1 and some related derivatives.the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of vibrio cholerae o1 is a homopolymer of alpha-(1 --> 2)-linked 4-amino-4, 6-dideoxy-d-mannopyranose whose amino group is acylated with 3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid [n-(3-deoxy-l-glycero- tetronyl)-alpha-d-perosamine]. the circular dichroism (cd) of the o-sp as well as of a number of n-acyl (formyl, acetyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3-deoxy-l-and d-glycero-tetronyl) derivatives of methyl alpha-glycosides of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannopyranose (methyl alpha-d-perosa ...19957585695
synthesis and crystal structure of methyl 4-6-dideoxy-4-(3-deoxy-l- glycero-tetronamido)-2-o-methyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside, the methyl alpha-glycoside of the terminal unit, and presumed antigenic determinant, of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa.methyl 4-azido-4,6-dideoxy-3-o-benzyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside and its analogous 3-o-(4-methoxybenzyl) derivative were methylated and the 2-o-methyl derivatives formed were converted into methyl 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-methyl-alpha-d- mannopyranoside [sequence: see text]. reaction of the latter with 3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronolactone gave the methyl glycoside of 4,6-dideoxy-4-(3-deoxy-l-glycero- tetronamido)-2-methyl-alpha-d-mannopyranose [sequence: see text], the monosaccharide that is reported to ...19957585718
aggregation properties of semisynthetic gd1a ganglioside (iv3neu5acii3neu5acggose4cer) containing an acetyl group as acyl moiety.gd1a ganglioside containing an acetyl group as acyl moiety, gd1a(acetyl), was synthesized from natural gd1a. the aggregative properties in aqueous solution of gd1a(acetyl) have been studied by static and dynamic laser light-scattering measurements. gd1a(acetyl) spontaneously aggregates as small micelles showing a hydrodynamic radius and molecular mass of 33 a and 96 kda, respectively. vibrio cholerae sialidase showed a very high activity on the micelles of gd1a(acetyl), compared to gd1a. this ha ...19957586091
the structure of the lipid a-core region of the lipopolysaccharides from vibrio cholerae o1 smooth strain 569b (inaba) and rough mutant strain 95r (ogawa).the lipopolysaccharides (lps) from vibrio cholerae 95r, a rough mutant strain of o1 v. cholerae 162 (ogawa), and from smooth o1 v. cholerae 569b (inaba) were de-o-acylated. in each case, one part of the products was treated with 48% aqueous hf which removed the phosphoryl and fructose residues, then reduced, de-n-acylated, and n-acetylated. another part was de-n-acylated by treatment with hot koh. the products of both degradation pathways were separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromat ...19957588739
c reactive protein and prealbumin as markers of disease activity in shigellosis.to evaluate serum c reactive protein (crp) and prealbumin concentrations as markers of disease activity in shigellosis this study serially measured serum concentrations of crp and prealbumin in 39 patients infected with shigella spp, and a comparison group of 10 patients infected with vibrio cholerae serotype 01. on admission, patients with shigellosis had significantly higher median concentrations of crp (109 v 5 mg/l; p < 0.01) and significantly lower median concentrations of prealbumin (16 v ...19957590438
development of highly specific monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of vibrio cholerae 01.we report here the development of two monoclonal antibodies, termed 5g8 and 5c12, belonging to the igm and igg1 class, respectively, suitable for the identification of vibrio cholerae 01 in clinical and environmental samples. the specificities of the monoclonals were evaluated by elisa and indirect immunofluorescent microscopy of microorganisms normally present in stool samples and with two bacterial panels. one panel included 72 potentially antigenically related bacterial strains and the second ...19957590791
the ompu outer membrane protein, a potential adherence factor of vibrio cholerae.expression of the ompu outer membrane protein of vibrio cholerae is positively regulated by toxr, which also regulates critical virulence factors such as cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus colonization factor. in this study, we have characterized the 38-kda ompu protein and investigated its role in the adhesion of v. cholerae to mammalian cells. the amino-terminal sequence of ompu has similarity with the sequences of haemophilus influenzae hmw1 and hmw2 adhesins, which, in turn, also ...19957591082
multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect toxigenic vibrio cholerae and to biotype vibrio cholerae o1.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed to identify cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae and to biotype v. cholerae o1. enterotoxin-producing v. cholerae strains were identified with a primer pair that amplified a fragment of the ctxa2-b gene. vibrio cholerae o1 strains were simultaneously differentiated into biotypes with three primers specified for the hyla gene in the same reaction. the hlya amplicon in the multiplex pcr serves as an internal control when testing toxin-pr ...19957592121
molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated in nepal by southern hybridization with a cholera toxin gene probe.a cholera epidemic broke out in 1992 due to vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor in the eastern and southern belt of nepal mainly among the bhutanese refugees. restriction fragment profiles (rfp) of dna fragments of v. cholerae o1 isolates hybridized with an enzyme-labelled oligonucleotide probe for cholera toxin gene (ctx) by southern hybridization were compared. the probe hybridized with the 13- and 8-kb fragments of psti-digested total dna in all isolates observed in the epidemic. this rfp in th ...19957594311
plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of vibrio cholerae o1 strain isolated during a recent outbreak in nigeria.in a study on the outbreak of cholera in nigeria in 1992, 86 strains of vibrio cholerae o1 (79 ogawa serotype and 7 inaba serotype) were isolated. antimicrobial susceptibility testing and plasmid profile analysis of the strains were done. most isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurantoin, and less sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, cloxacillin, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline. the strain ...19957594312
vibriocidal activities of some local herbs.four of the seven tested medicinal plants exhibited antimicrobial activity against vibrio cholerae. these 7 plants are: ficus capensis, mitragyna stipulosa, entada africana, piliostigma reticulatum, terminalia avicennoides, mimosa pudica, and lannea acida. of them terminalia avicennoides showed higher antimocrobial activity than others. potentials of these herbs in the control of cholera need to be determined.19957594314
vibrio cholerae o139 bengal infections among tourists to southeast asia: an intercontinental foodborne outbreak.to determine the source and extent of an outbreak of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal infections among 630 cruise ship passengers to southeast asia, a retrospective cohort study was done. questionnaires were sent to all passengers from the united states, canada, and the united kingdom, and serum samples were requested from all passengers reporting diarrhea. a case was defined as diarrheal illness with onset between 8 and 28 february 1994 and a cholera antitoxic antibody titer > or = 800. six passenge ...19957594688
[in vitro antibacterial activity of balofloxacin (blfx) against isolates from patients with bacterial enteritis].in vitro antibacterial activity of balofloxacin (blfx), a newly developed fluoroquinoline, was compared with that of norfloxacin (nflx), ofloxacin (oflx) and ciplofloxacin (cpfx). bacterial strains used in this experiment were freshly isolated from patients with infectious enteritis just before blfx therapy. the isolates were 43 strains of vibrio cholerae o1, 1 strain of campylobacter sp., 4 strains of aeromonas spp., 3 strains of plesiomonas shigelloides, 1 strain of vibrio mimicus and 1 strain ...19957594800
putative o-antigen transport genes within the rfb region of vibrio cholerae o1 are homologous to those for capsule transport.the nucleotide sequence of that part of the vibrio cholerae (vc) o1 rfb region encompassing rfbg, rfbh and rfbi is presented. expression of these genes has enabled the products for rfbg and rfbi to be confirmed, but the rfbh product has not been detected. comparisons with the sequences of known proteins reveals that rfbh and rfbi are likely to be involved in the export of lipopolysaccharide (lps). rfbh shows considerable homology to a number of integral membrane proteins, some of which have been ...19957540582
cholera in the americas. 19957544147
cholera in 1994. part i.in 1994, vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, the agent responsible for the seventh cholera pandemic which began in 1961, continued to spread in all regions of the world (map 1). in all, 384,403 cholera cases were officially reported to who in 1994 (a 2% increase over 1993), reversing the downward trend which started in 1992. a total of 10,692 deaths were reported in 1994, increasing the reported global case-fatality ratio (cfr) to 2.8% from 1.8% in 1993. cholera cases were notified from 94 countr ...19957544150
efficacy and tolerability of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in adult household contacts of patients with cholera.we conducted a randomized double-blinded study in lima, peru, to assess the tolerability and efficacy of a single 250-mg dose of ciprofloxacin in preventing diarrhea and vibrio cholerae o1 infection among household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed index cases. adult household contacts with negative baseline stool cultures were included. a total of 213 household contacts were evaluable. the study drugs were well tolerated in both groups. ciprofloxacin did not prevent the acquisition of v. ...19957548495
ciprofloxacin for the treatment of cholera: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of a single daily dose in peruvian adults.we conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical trial to compare ciprofloxacin (250 mg once a day for 3 days) with tetracycline (500 mg four times a day for 3 days) in terms of efficacy and safety in the treatment of moderate-to-severe cholera in peruvian adults. the baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. a total of 202 patients (102 in the tetracycline group and 100 in the ciprofloxacin group) were included in the efficacy analysis. the clinical and bacteriologic efficacies of th ...19957548496
a simple and rapid method for transformation of vibrio species by electroporation. 19957550730
cholera toxin (ctx) genetic element in vibrio cholerae o139.pfge analysis of the noti- and sfii-digested genome of vibrio cholerae o139 strains isolated from different epidemic regions of india showed that all the strains are of clonal origin and the genome size is about 2.2 mb. an analysis of the electrophoretic profiles of the genome of o139 strains, the rflp of the cholera toxin (ctx) gene and southern blot hybridization of noti-digested genomes of classical, el tor and o139 with a noti-linking clone of classical strain 569b, suggest that these strain ...19957551060
structure of the capsular polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal containing d-galactose 4,6-cyclophosphate.the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal, which is thought to carry determinants of o-specificity, was isolated by phenol/water extraction followed by delipidation of the contaminating lipopolysaccharide at ph 4.2 and gel-permeation chromatography. the cps contained d-galactose, 3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexose (colitose, col), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (n-acetyl-d-quinovosamine, d-quinac), d-galacturonic acid (d-gala), and phosphat ...19957556186
characterization of phage phi o139, a vibrio cholerae o139 temperate bacteriophage with cohesive dna termini.a temperate bacteriophage isolated from vibrio cholerae o139, the new epidemic strain of cholera, was found to have a polyhedral head 65 nm in diameter and a rigid contractile tail 120 nm in length. the phage chromosome was a double-stranded dna of 35 kb, with unique cohesive ends and had a g + c content of 58.8%. a restriction map of the phage dna was constructed using the restriction endonucleases avai and bsteii. the phage, whose presence could be detected in nine out of 13 v. cholerae o139 i ...19957557312
amino acids of the cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae o37 strain s7 which differ from those of strain o1. 19957557467
initial studies of the structural signal for extracellular transport of cholera toxin and other proteins recognized by vibrio cholerae.the specificity of the pathway used by vibrio cholerae for extracellular transport of cholera toxin (ct) and other proteins was examined in several different ways. first, v. cholerae was tested for the ability to secrete the b polypeptides of the type ii heat-labile enterotoxins of escherichia coli. genes encoding the b polypeptide of lt-iib in pbluescriptks- phagemids were introduced into v. cholerae by electroporation. culture supernatants and periplasmic extracts were collected from cultures ...19957558324
evaluation of dna probes for specific detection of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal.two dna probes, 2r1 and 2r3, prepared from a region in the chromosome specific for the lipopolysaccharide o side chains of vibrio cholerae o139 (m.k. waldor and j.j. mekalanos, lancet 343:1366, 1994) were examined for their specificity and sensitivity. both probes did not hybridize with any strain of v. cholerae belonging to serogroups other than o139 and to any of the other species examined belonging to the family vibrionaceae. among the 126 strains of v. cholerae o139 examined, probe 2r1 hybri ...19957559975
peru-15, an improved live attenuated oral vaccine candidate for vibrio cholerae o1.cholera vaccine candidate peru-15 was derived from a vibrio cholerae o1 el tor inaba strain by deleting the cholera toxin genetic element, introducing the gene encoding cholera toxin b subunit into reca, and screening for nonmotility. in a controlled study, peru-15 (2 x 10(8) cfu) was administered to 11 volunteers. no vaccinee developed diarrhea, and 10 of 11 had > 4-fold rises in vibriocidal antibody titers. one month later, 5 vaccinees and 5 control volunteers were challenged with wild type v. ...19957561195
rapid detection of vibrio cholerae with a new selective enrichment medium and polymerase chain reaction.the inhibitory effect of metallic edta compounds on growth of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli was studied. only fe-edta among the compounds tested showed ph-dependent growth inhibition on e. coli at ph 9.0, but no inhibition of v. cholerae at the same ph. by addition of fe-edta as a selective inhibitor, a novel enrichment broth (tentatively designated as vcf broth) for the selective isolation and cultivation of v. cholerae from other gram-negative bacilli has been developed, and the selecti ...19957561254
distribution of the cytolethal distending toxin a gene (cdta) among species of shigella and vibrio, and cloning and sequencing of the cdt gene from shigella dysenteriae.we investigated the distribution of the cytolethal distending toxin a gene (cdta) among s. dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae 01 and vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers constructed from the nucleotide sequences of escherichia coli cdta gene reported independently by scott and kaper (infect immun 1994; 62: 244-51) and by pickett et al. (infect immun 1994; 62: 1046-51). the cdta gene reported by scott and kaper was found to occur among eight of the 35 strains of s. d ...19957565011
distribution of genes encoding cholera toxin, zonula occludens toxin, accessory cholera toxin, and el tor hemolysin in vibrio cholerae of diverse origins.a large collection of 1154 strains of vibrio cholerae of diverse origins including serogroups 01 and 0139 and those belonging to the non-01 and non-0139 (non-01:non-0139) serogroups were examined with a battery of dna probes specific for cholera toxin (ct), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera toxin (ace) and el tor hemolysin (hly) to determine the distribution of genes among wild strains and to understand the importance of these factors in the pathogenesis of the disease cholera. amo ...19957565017
[the role of food in cholera transmission].the spreading of cholera, from peru to other latinoamerican countries in 1991, raised questions regarding food safety, food transportation and handling. control, prevention and risks implied in food import-export were also matters of concern. we deemed it interesting to determine the viability of vibrio cholerae in wide consumption food locally. selected food had different intrinsic characteristics such as: acidity (ph), water activity (aw), chemical composition, indigenous flora and other biolo ...19957565031
organization of tcp, acf, and toxt genes within a toxt-dependent operon.the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp) is required for vibrio cholerae to colonize the human intestine. the expression of the pilin gene, tcpa, is dependent upon toxr and upon toxt. the toxt gene was recently mapped within the tcp biogenesis gene cluster and shown to be capable of activating a tcpa::tnphoa fusion when cloned in escherichia coli. in this study, we determined that toxr/toxt activation occurs at the level of tcpa transcription. toxt expressed in e. coli could activate a tcp operon fusio ...19957565104
characterization of the melanogenic system in vibrio cholerae, atcc 14035.the nature of the pigment formed by vibrio cholerae and the characterization of its biosynthetic pathway is shown. this microorganism is able to synthesize melanin-like pigment when cultured in the presence of l-tyrosine. other phenolic chemicals related to l-tyrosine do not lead to pigment production. the microorganism has no tyrosine hydroxylase activity, and the levels of dopa oxidase activity are very low, making the existence of a tyrosinase very unlikely. however, vibrio cholerae contained ...19957567791
iron transport genes of the pjm1-mediated iron uptake system of vibrio anguillarum are included in a transposonlike structure.the pjm1 genes encoding the proteins involved in iron transport in the anguibactin iron uptake system were found to be flanked by insertion sequences in a composite transposonlike structure. these vibrio anguillarum insertion sequences, isv-a1 and isv-a2, are related to is903, is102, and the isvs found in vibrio parahaemoliticus, vibrio mimicus, and non-o1 vibrio cholerae flanking various tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) genes. the inverted repeats at the ends of isv-a1 and isv-a2 have no mor ...19957568465
cholera in england and wales, 1994. 19957533034
monoclonal antibodies against ogawa specific & ogawa-inaba common antigenic determinants of vibrio cholerae o1 & their diagnostic utility.monoclonal antibodies to ogawa-inaba common antigenic determinant and ogawa specific antigenic determinant of v. cholerae belonging to the serogroup o1 were generated from balb/c mice immunized with v. cholerae o1 eltor ogawa strain. reactivity and specificities of the monoclonal antibodies were examined by slide agglutination method. the monoclonal antibodies agglutinated all the v. cholerae o1 strains tested but did not agglutinate with any of the other currently recognized 140 serogroups of v ...19957533744
update: vibrio cholerae o1--western hemisphere, 1991-1994, and v. cholerae o139--asia, 1994.the cholera epidemic caused by vibrio cholerae o1 that began in january 1991 has continued to spread in central and south america (figure 1). in southern asia, the epidemic caused by the newly recognized strain v. cholerae o139 that began in late 1992 also has continued to spread (figure 2). this report updates surveillance findings for both epidemics.19957533888
application of ribotyping for differentiating vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated from shrimp farms in thailand.a collection of 143 vibrio cholerae non-o1 strains isolated from shrimp farms in thailand were characterized and grouped by ribotyping. sixty-four ribotypes were distinguished following digestion of chromosomal dna with the restriction enzyme bgli, and the reproducibility of the method was 100%. there was no correlation between specific ribotype distributions and the locations of the shrimp farms. ribotype similarity was examined by cluster analysis, and two main groups with 10 and 54 ribotypes, ...19957534053
new variant of vibrio cholerae o1 from clinical isolates in amazonia.a survey of pathogenic vibrio cholerae o1 strains from the north of brazil by using arbitrarily primed pcr fingerprints revealed a group of strains with similar fingerprint patterns that are distinct from those of the current el tor epidemic strain. these strains have been analyzed by in vivo and in vitro techniques and the group has been denominated the amazonian variant of v. cholerae o1.19957535309
from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: vibrio cholerae o1--western hemisphere, 1991-1994, and v. cholerae o139--asia, 1994. 19957535870
synthesis of specifically deoxygenated analogues of the methyl alpha-glycoside of the intracatenary monosaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1.treatment of methyl alpha-d-perosaminide (1) with gamma-butyrolactone gave the 2'-deoxy analogue of methyl 4,6-dideoxy-4-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-alpha-d-mannopyranos ide (13), the methyl alpha-glycoside of the intracatenary monosaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1. the analogous 4'-deoxy derivative was obtained by hydrogenolysis of a 4'-chlorodeoxy precursor, obtained by chlorination of methyl 2,3-di-o-benzyl-4-(2-o-benzyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido ...19957537627
immunochemistry of group a and inaba c antigen factors constituting the o antigen of o1 vibrio cholerae.serological cross-reactivity among intact lipopolysaccharides (lps) from o1 vibrio cholerae inaba o-form (inaba), yersinia enterocolitica o9 (o9), non-o1 v. cholerae serogroup hakata (hakata) and vibrio bio-serogroup 1875 variant (1875 variant) (all of which share inaba antigen factor c), as well as a total of six kinds of chemically modified lps (three from o9 and three from inaba) was demonstrated by passive hemolysis and passive hemolysis inhibition by using these lps as antigen for sensitizi ...19957538078
brucella antibodies and oral cholera vaccination. 19957603186
effect of dilution, incubation time, and temperature of enrichment on cultural and pcr detection of vibrio cholerae obtained from the oyster crassostrea virginica.the recovery of vibrio cholerae 01 by culture from the oyster crassostrea virginica and detection of the cholera toxin gene by polymerase chain reaction were evaluated using various enrichment procedures in alkaline peptone water. the effects of dilutions (1:10 and 1:100), incubation times (6-8 and 18-21 h), and incubation temperatures (35 and 42 degree) were determined. recovery of v.cholerae was significantly greater (p<0.05) from oyster homogenates diluted 1:100 in alkaline peptone water and ...19957603474
two highly similar multidrug transporters of bacillus subtilis whose expression is differentially regulated.the bacillus subtilis genome encodes two multidrug efflux transporters sharing 51% sequence identity: bmr, described previously, and blt, described here. overexpression of either transporter in b. subtilis leads to a similar increase in resistance to ethidium bromide, rhodamine and acridine dyes, tetraphenylphosphonium, doxorubicin, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. however, blt differs widely from bmr in its expression pattern. under standard cultivation conditions, b. subtilis expresses bmr but ...19957608059
cholera admissions in adults 1989-1994: a hospital based study.in order to gain insight into the distribution of cholera over the years and proportion of monthly admissions under our adult medical services, we scrutinized our records of hospital discharges between 1989 and 1994. only culture positive cases were included. each year most of the cases of cholera are admitted between may and november with almost disease free interval from december to april. in 1992 admission rate was 4.24/1000 medical admissions which increased to 12.65 in 1993 and 13.73 in 199 ...19957623405
identification of errors among database sequence entries and comparison of correct amino acid sequences for the heat-labile enterotoxins of escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae. 19957623669
isolation and characterization of the exo-enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae strain 110 cal.vibrio cholerae "strain 110 cal" from calabar, nigeria were grown in syncase broth. exo-enterotoxin secreted into the medium was then isolated purified and characterized. the toxin had enterotoxic activity using the infant mouseassay of world health organization. the toxin also had a molecular weight of about 89,000 daltons by gel filtration through sephadex g-150 and 100,000 daltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the toxin exhibited two subunits with molecular weights of about 63 ...19957626525
dynamics of non-o1 vibrio cholerae and fecal coliforms in experimental stabilization ponds in the arid region of marrakesh, morocco, and the effect of ph, temperature, and sunlight on their experimental survival.we studied the spatial-temporal dynamics of non-o1 vibrio cholerae numbers at a stabilization pond treatment plant. this bacterium's seasonal dynamics were the inverse of those of fecal coliforms, with high levels in hot periods and low levels in cold periods. stabilization pond treatment did not significantly reduce non-o1 v. cholerae numbers between the system's inflow and outflow points. in contrast, fecal coliforms were reduced by 98.95% in hot periods and by 94.91% in cold periods. signific ...19957627909
zonula occludens toxin modulates tight junctions through protein kinase c-dependent actin reorganization, in vitro.the intracellular signaling involved in the mechanism of action of zonula occludens toxin (zot) was studied using several in vitro and ex vivo models. zot showed a selective effect among various cell lines tested, suggesting that it may interact with a specific receptor, whose surface expression on various cells differs. when tested in iec6 cell monolayers, zot-containing supernatants induced a redistribution of the f-actin cytoskeleton. similar results were obtained with rabbit ileal mucosa, wh ...19957635964
epidemiology of cholera in delhi--1992.cholera is endemic in delhi and is a highly seasonal disease. suspected cholera cases are referred to infectious diseases hospital, delhi. rectal swabs from 2783 cases were bacteriologically examined during 1992, out of which 1075 were found to be positive for vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor. first isolation was made on 3 april and the last on 14 december. about 87 per cent isolations were made between may and september, which are summer and monsoon months in delhi. detailed epidemiological in ...19957636931
emergence of tetracycline resistance due to a multiple drug resistance plasmid in vibrio cholerae o139.of the 173 clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o139 isolated from india, bangladesh, and thailand tested, six strains from india were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and gentamicin. these six strains harbored a self-transmissible plasmid that mediated resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and o/129. the multiple drug resistance plasmids were 200 kb in size and belonged to the incompatibil ...19957640673
vibrio cholerae o139 produces a protease which is indistinguishable from the haemagglutinin/protease of vibrio cholerae o1 and non-o1.haemaglutinin/protease (ha/p) is one of the virulence factors of vibrio cholerae o1 and pathogenic strains of v. cholerae non-o1. in this study, we examined protease activity of a new serogroup of vibrio cholerae recently designated as o139 synonym bengal. the protease activity was produced by all eight isolates of v. cholerae o139 from bangladeshi patients. purification and partial characterization of the protease from v. cholerae o139 demonstrated the purified protease (o139-p) was indistingui ...19957640676
public health impact of rwandan refugee crisis: what happened in goma, zaire, in july, 1994? goma epidemiology group.the flight of 500,000-800,000 rwandan refugees into the north kivu region of zaire in july, 1994, overwhelmed the world's response capacity. during the first month after the influx, almost 50,000 refugees died, an average crude mortality rate of 20-35 per 10,000 per day. this death rate was associated with explosive epidemics of diarrhoeal disease caused by vibrio cholerae 01 and shigella dysenteriae type 1. 3-4 weeks after the influx of refugees, acute malnutrition rates among children under 5 ...19957646638
why treatment centres failed to prevent cholera deaths among rwandan refugees in goma, zaire.in july, 1994, in one of the worst cholera outbreaks in recent times, an estimated 12,000 rwandan refugees died in goma in eastern zaire. the vibrio cholerae strains were resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline, the commonly used drugs for cholera treatment. despite the efforts of international organisations, which provided medical relief by establishing treatment centres in goma, mortality from the disease was much higher than expected. in the area of muganga camp, which had the largest conce ...19957646639
prevalence of vibrio cholerae with heat-stable enterotoxin (nag-st) and cholera toxin genes; restriction fragment length polymorphisms of nag-st genes among v. cholerae o serogroups from a major shrimp production area in thailand.a total of 148 vibrio cholerae isolates from a major shrimp production area in southern thailand were examined by colony hybridisation for genes encoding heat-stable enterotoxin (nag-st) and cholera toxin (ct). only non-o1 v. cholerae strains were found to harbour nag-st (14 of 146) whereas no strains hybridised with the ct probe. nag-st-positive v. cholerae non-o1 strains were isolated from shrimp farms situated close to urban areas. five different o serogroups were found among nag-st positive ...19957650730
[the interrelationships between vibrio cholerae and the infusorian tetrahymena pyriformis].the results of the study of interaction between v. cholerae of different virulence and t. pyriformis are presented. the study has revealed the heterogeneity of v. cholerae population: alongside easily phagocytized vibrios, there are vibrios resistant to the digestive action of t. pyriformis. an increase in the number of v. cholerae in association with t. pyriformis has been evaluated, taking into account the selective multiplication of vibrios resistant to phagocytosis. the data on changes in th ...19957653129
[the reasons for the resistance of vibrio cholerae to diagnostic phages].phage resistance of 225 strains of cholera germs of o1 group obtained from different countries in 1988-1992 has been analyzed. change of sensitivity to diagnostic phages was mostly connected with the decrease or loss of agglutinability in cholera sera. phage resistance is rather conditioned by the change of the surface structures of the cell and by further change of phage reception zones. the increase in the number of strains sensitive to diagnostic phages after 6-12 months of storage evidenced ...19957655658
initial clinical studies of cvd 112 vibrio cholerae o139 live oral vaccine: safety and efficacy against experimental challenge.since october 1992, epidemics of cholera associated with vibrio cholerae o group 139 have occurred in india, bangladesh, and much of the rest of asia. a volunteer model was used to determine the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an attenuated delta ctxa delta zot delta ace delta cep v. cholerae o139 vaccine strain, designated cvd 112. six volunteers received 10(6) cfu and 6 received 10(8) cfu of cvd 112. no subject who received the 10(6) dose had diarrhea or other severe symptoms after vac ...19957658089
immunoglobulin mutant library genetically screened for folding stability exploiting bacterial signal transduction.a model repertoire of variants of immunoglobulin kappa variable domain reiv with different folding stabilities was generated by oligonucleotide-directed randomization of position 29, a key conserved residue of hypervariable loop 1. fused to toxr', the membrane-anchored cytoplasmic domain of the vibrio cholerae toxr transcription activator, different members of the library induce different levels of transcription from the ctx promoter in escherichia coli. differences in transcription activation c ...19957658465
the 2.4 a crystal structure of cholera toxin b subunit pentamer: choleragenoid.cholera toxin, a heterohexameric ab5 enterotoxin released by vibrio cholera, induces a profuse secretory diarrhea in susceptible hosts. choleragenoid, the b subunit pentamer of cholera toxin, directs the enzymatic a subunit to its target by binding the gm1 gangliosides exposed on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelial cells. the crystal structure of choleragenoid has been independently solved and refined at 2.4 a resolution by combining single isomorphous replacement with non-crystallograp ...19957658472
membrane insertion of the bacterial signal transduction protein toxr and requirements of transcription activation studied by modular replacement of different protein substructures.the vibrio cholerae protein toxr is an integral membrane protein that acts as a transcription activator in response to environmental signals; it controls expression of toxin genes ctxa and ctxb, along with a variety of other genes related to pathogenicity. here it is shown that: (i) toxr has a modular architecture and that activation of transcription starting at the ctx promoter depends strictly on dimerization of the periplasmic toxr domain; (ii) the transmembrane (tm) region of toxr is suffici ...19957664730
the first epidemic of vibrio cholerae o139. 19957665689
Refresh
firstprev
...101102103104105106107108109110...
nextlast
Displaying items 10001 - 10100 of 24874