Publications

reappearance of salmonella serovar choleraesuis var. kunzendorf in danish pig herds.	salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis is a porcine adapted serovar which may cause serious outbreaks in pigs. here we describe outbreaks of salmonellosis due to s. choleraesuis in four danish pig farms in 2012-2013 by clinic, serology, and microbiology and compare the isolates to those of a previous outbreak in 1999-2000. the infection was in some herds associated with high mortality and a moderate to high sero-prevalence was found. in 2012-2013 the disease contributed to increased mortality ...	2015	25703158
characterization of quinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serovar indiana from chickens in china.	the aim of this study was to characterize the quinolone resistance of salmonella enterica serovar indiana isolated from chickens in china. a total of 293 salmonella strains were isolated from chicken farms and slaughterhouses in shandong province of china, and 130 (44.4%) were characterized as salmonella enterica indiana (chicken farms, n=52 strains; slaughter houses, n=78 strains). all isolate serotypes were tested with the kauffmann-white classification system and examined for susceptibility t ...	2015	25701209
outbreak of salmonella newport infections linked to cucumbers--united states, 2014.	in august 2014, pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, detected a multistate cluster of salmonella enterica serotype newport infections with an indistinguishable pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern (xbai pfge pattern jjpx01.0061). outbreaks of illnesses associated with this pfge pattern have previously been linked to consumption of tomatoes harvested from virginia's eastern shore in the delmarva region and have not been linked to cucumbe ...	2015	25695319
[salmonella enterica with nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype in pediatric patients].	decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in salmonella spp. may lead to treatment failures. the use of ciprofloxacin for extraintestinal and serious intestinal salmonella infections in children is controversial and therefore the clinical relevance of these strains is not significant. consequently little is know about the quinolone resistance of strains salmonella of our paediatric population. the objective of this study was to assess the incidence of nonclassical quinolone resistance phenoty ...	2015	25690143
immune reaction and survivability of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella infantis after infection of primary avian macrophages.	salmonella serovars are differentially able to infect chickens. the underlying causes are not yet fully understood. aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2) for the virulence of two non-host-specific, but in-vivo differently invasive, salmonella serovars in conjunction with the immune reaction of the host. primary avian splenic macrophages were inoculated with salmonella enterica sub-species enterica serovar (s.) typhimuri ...	2015	25811871
updated recommendations for the use of typhoid vaccine--advisory committee on immunization practices, united states, 2015.	these revised recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices update recommendations published in mmwr in 1994 and include updated information on the two currently available vaccines and on vaccine safety. they also include an update on the epidemiology of enteric fever in the united states, focusing on increasing drug resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, as well as the emergence of salmonella serotype paratyphi a, a cause of paratypho ...	2015	25811680
multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi, gulf of guinea region, africa.	we identified 3 lineages among multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolates in the gulf of guinea region in africa during the 2000s. however, the mdr h58 haplotype, which predominates in southern asia and kenya, was not identified. mdr quinolone-susceptible isolates contained a 190-kb inchi1 pst2 plasmid or a 50-kb incn pst3 plasmid.	2015	25811307
the effective differentiation of salmonella isolates using four pcr-based typing methods.	discrimination of salmonella strains below the species level is very important to trace the source of outbreaks. to this end molecular typing methods can be successfully applied to routine analysis in nonspecialized laboratories due to their simplicity and speed. here, the discriminatory ability of four molecular typing methods was investigated in 74 salmonella enterica isolates.	2015	25809397
enteric fever and its impact on returning travellers.	enteric fever, a systemic illness, is caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi or s. enterica serovar paratyphi a, b or c. the organism is transmitted to humans by the faecal oral route and is endemic in countries with poor sanitation and lacking clean drinking water. there are around 27 million individuals infected with s. typhi worldwide annually. enteric fever is a particular problem in travellers to endemic areas, especially those visiting friends and relatives. currently, the two main va ...	2015	25808163
activity of a bacterial cell envelope stress response is controlled by the interaction of a protein binding domain with different partners.	the bacterial phage shock protein (psp) system is a highly conserved cell envelope stress response required for virulence in yersinia enterocolitica and salmonella enterica. in non-inducing conditions the transcription factor pspf is inhibited by an interaction with pspa. in contrast, pspa associates with the cytoplasmic membrane proteins pspbc during inducing conditions. this has led to the proposal that pspbc exists in an off state, which cannot recruit pspa, or an on state, which can. however ...	2015	25802329
take the tube: remodelling of the endosomal system by intracellular salmonella enterica.	salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen residing in a unique host cell-derived membrane compartment, termed salmonella-containing vacuole or scv. by the activity of effector proteins translocated by the spi2-endoced type iii secretion system (t3ss), the biogenesis of the scv is manipulated to generate a habitat permissive for intracellular proliferation. by taking control of the host cell vesicle fusion machinery, intracellular salmonella creates an extensive interconnected s ...	2015	25802001
the distribution of salmonella enterica serovars and subtypes in surface water from five agricultural regions across canada.	serovar prevalence of the zoonotic pathogen, salmonella enterica, was compared among 1624 surface water samples collected previously from five different canadian agricultural watersheds over multiple years. phagetyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and antimicrobial resistance subtyping assays were performed on serovars enteritidis, typhimurium, and heidelberg. serovars and subtypes from surface water were compared with those from animal feces, human sewage, and serovars reported to ...	2015	25799976
reduction of salmonella enterica serotype poona and background microbiota on fresh-cut cantaloupe by electron beam irradiation.	the efficacy of electron beam (e-beam) irradiation processing to reduce salmonella enterica serotype poona on surfaces of fresh-cut cantaloupe, and the impact of e-beam irradiation processing on the numbers of indigenous microorganisms were determined. additionally, the d10-value for s. poona reduction on the cut cantaloupe was also determined. fresh-cut cantaloupe pieces, inoculated with s. poona to 7.8 log10 cfu/g, were exposed to 0.0, 0.7, or 1.5 kgy. surviving s. poona, lactic acid bacteria ...	2015	25796062
carbapenemase-producing salmonella enterica isolates in the uk.		2015	25795771
acquisition of iron is required for growth of salmonella spp. in tomato fruit.	salmonella remains a leading cause of bacterial food-borne disease, sickening millions each year. although outbreaks of salmonellosis have traditionally been associated with contaminated meat products, recent years have seen numerous disease cases caused by the consumption of produce. tomatoes have been specifically implicated, due to the ability of salmonella spp. to enter the tomato fruit and proliferate within, making the decontamination of the raw product impossible. to investigate the genet ...	2015	25795672
draft genome sequences of 33 salmonella enterica clinical and wildlife isolates from chile.	salmonella enterica causes health problem worldwide. the relationships among strains that are from the same serotype but different hosts, countries, and continents remain elusive. few genome sequences are available from s. enterica isolates from south america. therefore, we sequenced the genomes of 33 strains from diverse sources isolated in chile and determined that they were of different serotypes. these genomes will improve phylogenetic analysis of salmonella strains from chile and the rest o ...	2015	25792040
fate of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and salmonella enterica on the surface of eggs as affected by chicken feces, storage temperature, and relative humidity.	we compared the microbiological quality of chicken eggshells obtained from a traditional wholesale market and a modern supermarket. we also determined the survival and growth characteristics of naturally occurring mesophilic aerobic bacteria (mab) and artificially inoculated salmonella enterica on eggshells under various environmental conditions (presence of chicken feces, temperature [4, 12, or 25 °c], and relative humidity [rh; 43 or 85%]). the populations of mab, coliforms, and molds and yeas ...	2015	25791009
east london experience with enteric fever 2007-2012.	the clinical presentation and epidemiology for patients with enteric fever at two hospitals in east london during 2007-2012 is described with the aim to identify preventive opportunities and to reduce the cost of treatment.	2015	25790017
molecular ruler determines needle length for the salmonella spi-1 injectisome.	the type-iii secretion (t3s) systems of bacteria are part of self-assembling nanomachines: the bacterial flagellum that enables cells to propel themselves through liquid and across hydrated surfaces, and the injectisome that delivers pathogenic effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. although the flagellum and injectisome serve different purposes, they are evolutionarily related and share many structural similarities. core features to these t3s systems are intrinsic length control mechanis ...	2015	25775540
antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from egg layer flocks and egg shells.	this study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial resistance (amr) of salmonella spp. isolated from commercial caged layer flocks in new south wales and south australia. all salmonella isolates (n=145) were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of amr and carriage of integrons. the majority of salmonella isolates (91.72%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested in this study. limited resistance was observed to amoxicillin and ampicillin (5.51%), tetracycline (4.13%), c ...	2015	25770430
acquisition of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and colistin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport by pilgrims during hajj.	gatherings like the hajj involving many people who travel from different parts of the world represent a risk for the acquisition and dissemination of infectious diseases. in this study, acquisition of multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella spp. in 2013 hajj pilgrims from marseille, france, was investigated. in total, 267 rectal swabs were collected from 129 participants before their departure and after their return from the pilgrimage as well as during the pilgrimage from patients with diarrhoea. ...	2015	25769786
turtle-associated salmonella infections in kanagawa, japan.	in this paper, we examine 2 case reports for different reptile-related salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotypes. in case 1, a 5-year-old boy presented with gastroenteritis caused by s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar poona. the suspected source of infection was a turtle kept at the patient's home. in case 2, a 4-year-old boy presented with gastroenteritis caused by s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar abony. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that a tortoise ...	2015	25766610
peritonitis as presentation of aorto-caval fistula with salmonella choleraesuis-associated abdominal aortic aneurysm.	the majority of aorto-caval fistulae occur spontaneously, either as a result of rupture of an existing atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm into the vena cava or secondary to iatrogenic injuries during peripheral angiography or surgery. aorto-caval fistula from an infected aortic aneurysm is a rare scenario, but potentially lethal.	2015	25761084
differences in clinical and laboratory findings between group d and non-group d non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis in children.	to investigate the differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between group d and non-group d non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) gastroenteritis in children.	2015	26157693
influence of prgh on the persistence of ingested salmonella enterica in the leafhopper macrosteles quadrilineatus.	phytophagous insects can encounter salmonella enterica on contaminated plant surfaces and transmit externally adhered and internalized bacteria on and among leaves. excretion of ingested s. enterica by the leafhopper macrosteles quadrilineatus has been previously reported; however, the sites of persistence of ingested bacteria remain undetermined. fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence and persistence of s. enterica in various organs of m. quadrilineatus fed an inoculated diet for 12 h an ...	2015	26150468
stg fimbrial operon from s. typhi sth2370 contributes to association and cell disruption of epithelial and macrophage-like cells.	salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) stg operon, encoding a chaperone/usher fimbria (cu), contributes to an increased adherence to human epithelial cells. however, one report suggests that the presence of the stg fimbria impairs the monocyte--bacteria association, as deduced by the lower level of invasion to macrophage-like cells observed when the stg fimbrial cluster was overexpressed. nevertheless, since other cu fimbrial structures increase the entry of s. typhi into macrophages, and ...	2015	26149381
fibrinolytic and procoagulant activities of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica.	pla of the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and pgte of the enteropathogen salmonella enterica are surface-exposed, transmembrane β-barrel proteases of the omptin family that exhibit a complex array of interactions with the hemostatic systems in vitro, and both proteases are established virulence factors. pla favors fibrinolysis by direct activation of plasminogen, inactivation of the serpins plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and α2-antiplasmin, inactivation of the thrombin-activable fibrinolysi ...	2015	26149012
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar give, isolated from an imported chili powder product.	we report the genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar give (cfsan012622), isolated from imported chili powder in 2014. this genome contains genes previously reported to be specific only to s. enterica serovar enteritidis. this strain shows a unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern clustering with serovar enteritidis (jeg x01.0005).	2015	26139723
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona 460004 2-1, associated with a multistate outbreak in the united states.	within the last several years, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona has been among the 20 most frequently isolated serovars in clinical cases of salmonellosis. in this report, the complete genome sequence of s. agona strain 460004 2-1 isolated from unsweetened puffed-rice cereal during a multistate outbreak in 2008 was sequenced using single-molecule real-time dna sequencing.	2015	26139714
comparison between salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis genotyping methods and phage type.	a quantitative comparison between discriminatory indexes and concordance among multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), automated ribotyping, and phage typing has been performed, testing 238 salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates not epidemiologically correlated. the results show that mlva is the best choice, but each typing method provides a piece of information for establishing clonal relationships between the isolates.	2015	26135859
intracellular bacterial pathogens trigger the formation of u small nuclear rna bodies (u bodies) through metabolic stress induction.	invasive bacterial pathogens induce an amino acid starvation (aas) response in infected host cells that controls host defense in part by promoting autophagy. however, whether aas has additional significant effects on the host response to intracellular bacteria remains poorly characterized. here we showed that shigella, salmonella, and listeria interfere with spliceosomal u snrna maturation in the cytosol. bacterial infection resulted in the rerouting of u snrnas and their cytoplasmic escort, the ...	2015	26134566
diversity and persistence of salmonella enterica strains in rural landscapes in the southeastern united states.	salmonellosis cases in the in the united states show distinct geographical trends, with the southeast reporting among the highest rates of illness. in the state of georgia, usa, non-outbreak associated salmonellosis is especially high in the southern low-lying coastal plain. here we examined the distribution of salmonella enterica in environmental waters and associated wildlife in two distinct watersheds, one in the atlantic coastal plain (a high case rate rural area) physiographic province and ...	2015	26131552
characterization of salmonella typhimurium isolates from domestically acquired infections in finland by phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pfge and mlva.	salmonella enterica spp. enterica serotype typhimurium (stm) is the most common agent of domestically acquired salmonellosis in finland. subtyping methods which allow the characterization of stm are essential for effective laboratory-based stm surveillance and for recognition of outbreaks. this study describes the diversity of finnish stm isolates using phage typing, antimicrobial susceptible testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis ( ...	2015	26129826
emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi in italy.	in developed countries, typhoid fever is often associated with persons who travel to endemic areas or immigrate from them. typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi. because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance to standard first-line drugs, fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choice. resistance to ciprofloxacin by this salmonella serovar represents an emerging public health issue. two s. enterica ser. typhi strains resistant to ciprofloxacin (cip) we ...	2015	26121266
first description of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants and β-lactamase encoding genes in non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from humans, one companion animal and food in romania.	gastroenteritis attributable to salmonella enterica and the continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance of this gut pathogen, which compromises the use of previously effective treatments, is of great concern for public health. this study was conducted in order to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants and β-lactamase-encoding genes, in s. enterica, isolated from humans, one companion animal and food. moreover, the study aimed to identify potenti ...	2015	26120367
up-regulation of nlrc5 and nf-κb signaling pathway in carrier chickens challenged with salmonella enterica serovar pullorum at different persistence periods.	the immune performance, snps and expression levels of candidate genes (il1-β, nramp1, tlr4, myd88, nf-κb and nlrc5) were analyzed in carrier chickens of a chinese indigenous breed infected with salmonella enterica serovar pullorum at different persistence periods (12, 19 and 24 weeks of age). carrier birds at 19 weeks of age presented significant difference in most immune parameters, as compared to carriers at 12 and 24 weeks of age, while no significant difference in most immune parameters was ...	2015	26118124
reduction of salmonella enterica on the surface of eggshells by sequential treatment with aqueous chlorine dioxide and drying.	the synergistic effects of sequential treatments with chlorine dioxide (clo2) and drying in killing salmonella enterica on the surface of chicken eggshells were investigated. initial experiments were focused on comparing lethalities of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and clo2. eggs surface-inoculated with s. enterica in chicken feces as a carrier were immersed in water, naocl (50 or 200 μg/ml), or clo2 (50 or 200 μg/ml) for 1 or 5 min. for 1-min treatments, lethal activities of sanitizers were not s ...	2015	26114591
pcr melting profile as a tool for outbreak studies of salmonella enterica in chickens.	salmonellosis is of great economic concern in all phases of the poultry industry, from production to marketing, leading to severe economic losses. monitoring the source of the bacterial contamination has fundamental importance in the spreading of salmonellosis.	2015	26100129
regulation of dna phosphorothioate modifications by the transcriptional regulator dptb in salmonella.	dna phosphorothioate (pt) modifications, with one non-bridging phosphate oxygen replaced with sulfur, are widely but sporadically distributed in prokaryotic genomes. short consensus sequences surround the modified linkage in each strain, although each site is only partially modified. the mechanism that maintains this low-frequency modification status is still unknown. in salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87, pt modification is mediated by a four-gene cluster called dptbcde. here, we found that d ...	2015	26096787
spatial variation and survival of salmonella enterica subspecies in a population of australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa).	the life cycles of many enteric bacterial species require a transition between two very distinct environments. their primary habitat is the gastrointestinal tract of the host, while their secondary habitat, during transmission from one host to another, consists of environments external to the host, such as soil, water, and sediments. consequently, both host and environmental factors shape the genetic structure of enteric bacterial populations. this study examined the distribution of four salmone ...	2015	26092451
first report of anaerobic isolation of salmonella enterica from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle.		2015	26085617
ovariectomy as treatment for ovarian bacterial granulomas in a duvaucel's gecko (hoplodactylus duvaucelii).	an adult female duvaucel's gecko (hoplodactylus duvaucelii) from a threatened species breeding programme presented due to a prolonged gestation period and distended abdomen.	2015	26085121
construction of an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a vaccine strain harboring defined mutations in htra and yncd.	the global epidemic features of enteric fever have changed greatly in recent years. the incidence of enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a has progressively increased. in some areas of asia, infections with s. paratyphi a have exceeded those with s. typhi, resulting in s. paratyphi a becoming the main causative agent of enteric fever. however, two currently licensed typhoid vaccines do not confer adequate cross-protection against s. paratyphi a infection. therefore, dev ...	2015	26084199
results of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype identification by salmonella check&trace microarray in international external quality assurance systems.	traditionally salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes are identified by slide agglutination with specific antisera for somatic, flagellar and sometimes capsular antigens. an alternative way is genoserotyping using for example a microarray, eg. commercially available test check&trace salmonella. the goal of this study was to evaluate the check&trace salmonella microarray for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype identification, using salmonella strains provided by reference laborator ...	2015	26084071
genomic comparison of non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, heidelberg, hadar and kentucky isolates from broiler chickens.	non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars, associated with different foods including poultry products, are important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. the colonization of the chicken gut by s. enterica could result in the contamination of the environment and food chain. the aim of this study was to compare the genomes of 25 s. enterica serovars isolated from broiler chicken farms to assess their intra- and inter-genetic variability, with a focus on virulence and antibiotic resistan ...	2015	26083489
understanding paratyphoid infection: study protocol for the development of a human model of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a challenge in healthy adult volunteers.	this study will develop the first human challenge model of paratyphoid infection which may then be taken forward to evaluate paratyphoid vaccine candidates. salmonella paratyphi a is believed to cause a quarter of the estimated 20 million cases of enteric fever annually. epidemiological evidence also suggests that an increasing proportion of the enteric fever burden is attributable to s. paratyphi infection meriting further attention and interest in vaccine development. assessment of paratyphoid ...	2015	26082464
differential induction of total ige by two salmonella enterica serotypes.	the main goal of this study was to establish how the inflammation caused by infection with two different salmonella enterica serotypes, s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis, may lead to the predisposition to allergy as measured by total ige level in the blood. infection by s. typhimurium did not affect the systemic ige concentration while in s. enteritidis-infected patients there was a significant 3.5-fold increase. this effect was especially profound in patients >4 years old, with up to the 8-fold ...	2015	26075186
erratum for parry et al., clinically and microbiologically derived azithromycin susceptibility breakpoints for salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a.		2015	26071570
5'-utr of mals increases the invasive capacity of salmonella enterica serovar typhi by influencing the expression of bax.	an rna-seq analysis recently identified a 236-nucleotide transcript upstream from mals in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. here, we investigated its molecular characteristics and function.	2015	26059618
prevalence of salmonella in captive reptiles from croatia.	salmonellosis transmitted by pet reptiles is an increasing public health issue worldwide. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of salmonella strains from captive reptiles in croatia. from november 2009 to november 2011 a total of 292 skin, pharyngeal, cloacal, and fecal samples from 200 apparently healthy reptiles were tested for salmonella excretions by bacteriologic culture and serotyping. these 200 individual reptiles included 31 lizards, 79 chelonians, and 90 snakes belong ...	2015	26056873
comparison of fresh and frozen fecal samples for detection of enteric salmonella from captive indian star tortoises (geochelone elegans).	the use of frozen fecal samples in enrichment media to detect salmonella spp. strains was evaluated in indian star tortoises (geochelone elegans) to determine the utility of this test method for field collection. fresh fecal samples were collected from 10 captive adult indian star tortoises. each sample was split, with one portion in enrichment media at room temperature for 1 or 2 days before submission to a reference laboratory for standard enteric culture. the other was placed in the same enri ...	2015	26056867
transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of spi1 and spi2 expression by ppgpp, rpos and dksa in salmonella enterica sv typhimurium.	the expression of genes within salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi1, spi2) is required to facilitate invasion and intracellular replication respectively of s. typhimurium in host cell lines. control of their expression is complex and occurs via a variety of factors operating at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in response to the environmental stimuli found within the host. several of the factors that modulate spi1 and spi2 expression are involved in the redistribution or ...	2015	26039089
genomic comparison of the closely-related salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, dublin and gallinarum.	the salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, dublin, and gallinarum are closely related but differ in virulence and host range. to identify the genetic elements responsible for these differences and to better understand how these serovars are evolving, we sequenced the genomes of enteritidis strain lk5 and dublin strain sarb12 and compared these genomes to the publicly available enteritidis p125109, dublin ct 02021853 and dublin sd3246 genome sequences. we also compared the publicly available g ...	2015	26039056
improvements to a pcr-based serogrouping scheme for salmonella enterica from dairy farm samples.	molecular serotyping through the use of pcr is a simple and useful technique for characterizing isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica belonging to serogroups b, c1, c2, d1, and e1, which are the majority of the isolates associated with human disease outbreaks. however, many of the salmonella strains currently isolated from dairy farms in the northeastern united states are serovar cerro, a group k strain not detected by this assay. primers from a well-known pcr assay for the identificat ...	2015	26038910
genetic and phenotypic evidence of the salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis human-animal interface in chile.	salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis is a worldwide zoonotic agent that has been recognized as a very important food-borne bacterial pathogen, mainly associated with consumption of poultry products. the aim of this work was to determine genotypic and phenotypic evidence of s. enteritidis transmission among seabirds, poultry and humans in chile. genotyping was performed using pcr-based virulotyping, pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst). pathogenicity-a ...	2015	26029196
salmonella manipulation of host signaling pathways provokes cellular transformation associated with gallbladder carcinoma.	cancer is fueled by deregulation of signaling pathways in control of cellular growth and proliferation. these pathways are also targeted by infectious pathogens en route to establishing infection. gallbladder carcinoma (gbc) is frequent in the indian subcontinent, with chronic salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection reported as a significant risk factor. however, direct association and causal mechanisms between salmonella typhi infection and gbc have not been established. deconstructing the ...	2015	26028364
efficient suppression of biofilm formation by a nucleic acid aptamer.	biofilms are microbial communities that are attached to a solid surface using extracellular polymeric substances. motility and initial attachment mediated by flagella are required for biofilm formation. therefore, blocking the motility of flagella is a potential strategy to inhibit biofilm formation. in this study, single-stranded dna aptamers specific to the salmonella choleraesuis were selected after 14 cycles of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. among the selected ...	2015	26025307
massive lineage replacements and cryptic outbreaks of salmonella typhi in eastern and southern africa.	a new large-scale study reports the whole-genome sequences of nearly 2,000 salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) strains collected from 63 countries. a recent and dominant multidrug-resistant (mdr) lineage originating from south asia, which is supplanting a bulk of ancestral drug-sensitive strains, is identified; the success of this lineage is likely driven by plasmid acquisitions and the chromosomal integration of resistance-conferring genes.	2015	26018894
[salmonella meningitis in an infant due to a pet turtle].	in humans, salmonella most often causes self-limiting gastroenteritis, but more severe symptoms such as sepsis and meningitis can also occur and can sometimes have a fatal outcome. even if the meningitis is not fatal, sequelae such as epilepsy, cranial nerve palsies, and hydrocephalus can occur. in the united states, it has been estimated that approximately 6% of the human cases of salmonellosis can be attributed to contact with reptiles or amphibians. the infection may take place by direct cont ...	2015	26014646
acidic ph and divalent cation sensing by phoq are dispensable for systemic salmonellae virulence.	salmonella phoq is a histidine kinase with a periplasmic sensor domain (pd) that promotes virulence by detecting the macrophage phagosome. phoq activity is repressed by divalent cations and induced in environments of acidic ph, limited divalent cations, and cationic antimicrobial peptides (camp). previously, it was unclear which signals are sensed by salmonellae to promote phoq-mediated virulence. we defined conformational changes produced in the phoq pd on exposure to acidic ph that indicate st ...	2015	26002083
altered host immune responses to membrane vesicles from salmonella and gram-negative pathogens.	membrane vesicles (mvs), discrete nano-structures produced from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as salmonella enterica typhimurium (s. typhimurium), strongly activate dendritic cells (dcs), contain major antigens (ags) recognized by salmonella-specific b-cells and cd4+ t-cells, and provide protection against s. typhimurium challenge in a mouse model. with this in mind, we hypothesized that alterations to the gene expression profile of bacteria will be reflected in the immunolog ...	2015	26001432
effectiveness of levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate employed as a sanitizer during harvest or packing of cantaloupes contaminated with salmonella poona.	freshly harvested eastern variety cantaloupes (cucumis melo l. var. reticulatus cv. athena) were subjected to three different harvest and wash treatments to examine conditions under which the efficacy of the sanitizer, levulinic acid (lv) plus sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), could be enhanced to reduce salmonella contamination. in treatment set one, cantaloupes were spot inoculated with salmonella enterica serovar poona (prepared from solid or liquid media cultures) before or after a 1-min dip tre ...	2015	26001062
inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica on blueberries in water using ultraviolet light.	ultraviolet light (uv) has antimicrobial effects, but the shadowing effect has limited its application. in this study, a novel setup using uv processing in agitated water was developed to inactivate escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on blueberries. blueberries were dip- or spot-inoculated with e. coli or salmonella. blueberries inoculated with e. coli were treated for 2 to 10 min with uv directly (dry uv) or immersed in agitated water during uv treatment (wet uv). e. coli was most easily k ...	2015	25998253
older leaves of lettuce (lactuca spp.) support higher levels of salmonella enterica ser. senftenberg attachment and show greater variation between plant accessions than do younger leaves.	salmonella can bind to the leaves of salad crops including lettuce and survive for commercially relevant periods. previous studies have shown that younger leaves are more susceptible to colonization than older leaves and that colonization levels are dependent on both the bacterial serovar and the lettuce cultivar. in this study, we investigated the ability of two lactuca sativa cultivars (saladin and iceberg) and an accession of wild lettuce (l. serriola) to support attachment of salmonella ente ...	2015	25953858
a handheld flow genetic analysis system (fgas): towards rapid, sensitive, quantitative and multiplex molecular diagnosis at the point-of-care level.	a handheld flow genetic analysis system (fgas) is proposed for rapid, sensitive, multiplex and real-time quantification of nucleic acids at the point-of-care (poc) level. the fgas includes a helical thermal-gradient microreactor and a microflow actuator, as well as control circuitry for temperature, fluid and power management, and smartphone fluorescence imaging. all of these features are integrated into a field-portable and easy-to-use molecular diagnostic platform powered by lithium batteries. ...	2015	25953325
salmonella in raw chicken meat from the romanian seaside: frequency of isolation and antibiotic resistance.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of salmonella in raw chicken meat samples collected at the romanian seaside and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. in 2012, 317 chicken meat samples from slaughterhouses (n = 289) and retail markets (n = 28) were evaluated. overall, 13.2% (42) of the samples contained salmonella; 12.8% (37) and 17.8% (5) from the chicken carcasses at slaughterhouses and the fresh meat from retail markets, respectively. eight s ...	2015	25951397
multiplex pcr-based serogrouping and serotyping of salmonella enterica from tonsil and jejunum with jejunal lymph nodes of slaughtered swine in metro manila, philippines.	food poisoning outbreaks and livestock mortalities caused by salmonella enterica are widespread in the philippines, with hogs being the most commonly recognized carriers of the pathogen. to prevent and control the occurrence of s. enterica infection in the country, methods were used in this study to isolate and rapidly detect, differentiate, and characterize s. enterica in tonsils and jejuna with jejunal lymph nodes of swine slaughtered in four locally registered meat establishments (lrmes) and ...	2015	25951380
development of combined dry heat and chlorine dioxide gas treatment with mechanical mixing for inactivation of salmonella enterica serovar montevideo on mung bean seeds.	foodborne outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of fresh sprouted beans. the sprouting conditions of mung bean seeds provide optimal conditions of temperature and relative humidity for any potential pathogenic contaminant on the seeds to grow. the lack of a kill step postsprouting is a major safety concern. thus, the use of a kill step on the seeds prior to a sprouting step would enhance the safety of fresh sprouts. the objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of th ...	2015	25951379
variable responses to carbon utilization between planktonic and biofilm cells of a human carrier strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is a foodborne pathogen that causes typhoid fever and infects only humans. the ability of s. typhi to survive outside the human host remains unclear, particularly in human carrier strains. in this study, we have investigated the catabolic activity of a human carrier s. typhi strain in both planktonic and biofilm cells using the high-throughput biolog phenotype microarray, minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) biofilm inoculator (96-well peg ...	2015	25946205
liver abscess caused by salmonella choleraesuis.	a 65-year-old man with long-term alcohol abuse presented with intermittent fever. abdominal computed tomography revealed multiple masses. abscess blood and pus cultures conducted after percutaneous catheter drainage with pigtail catheters yielded salmonella choleraesuis. antibiotic treatment with meropenem was started using multiple catheters in the liver. drainage catheters in different locations were exchanged several times with larger-bored catheters. after septicemia was detected, abscesses ...	2015	25945064
diagnostics for invasive salmonella infections: current challenges and future directions.	invasive salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi or paratyphi a, b, c, or invasive non-typhoidal salmonella serotypes, is an immensely important disease cluster for which reliable, rapid diagnostic tests are not available. blood culture remains the gold standard but is insensitive, slow, and resource-intensive. existing molecular diagnostics have poor sensitivity due to the low organism burden in bodily fluids. commercially available serologic tests for typhoidal salmonella ha ...	2015	25937611
dual 3'seq using deepsupersage uncovers transcriptomes of interacting salmonella enterica typhimurium and human host cells.	the interaction of eukaryotic host and prokaryotic pathogen cells is linked to specific changes in the cellular proteome, and consequently to infection-related gene expression patterns of the involved cells. to simultaneously assess the transcriptomes of both organisms during their interaction we developed dual 3'seq, a tag-based sequencing protocol that allows for exact quantification of differentially expressed transcripts in interacting pro- and eukaryotic cells without prior fixation or phys ...	2015	25927313
evaluation of the salmonella enterica serovar pullorum pathogenicity island 2 mutant as a candidate live attenuated oral vaccine.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) is a highly adapted pathogen that causes pullorum disease (pd), an important systemic disease of poultry that causes severe economic losses in developing countries. in the interests of developing a safe and immunogenic oral vaccine, the efficacy of a salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2)-deleted mutant of s. pullorum (s06004δspi2) was evaluated in chickens. s06004δspi2 was severely less virulent than the parental wild-type strain s06004 as de ...	2015	25924763
resistance-gene cassettes associated with salmonella enterica genotypes.	the epidemiology of salmonellosis is complex because of the diversity and different serotypes of salmonella enterica (s. enterica) that occur in different reservoirs and geographic incidences.	2015	25918187
unprecedented mechanism employed by the salmonella enterica eutt atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase precludes adenosylation of incomplete co(ii)rrinoids.	three distinct families of atp:corrinoid adenosyltransferases (acats) exist that are capable of converting vitamin b12 derivatives into coenzyme b12 by catalyzing the thermodynamically challenging reduction of co(ii) rrinoids to form "supernucleophilic" co(i) intermediates. while the structures and mechanisms of two of the acat families have been studied extensively, little is known about the eutt enzymes beyond the fact that they exhibit a unique requirement for a divalent metal cofactor for en ...	2015	25914129
acid environments affect biofilm formation and gene expression in isolates of salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104.	the aim of this study was to examine the survival and potential virulence of biofilm-forming salmonella typhimurium dt104 under mild acid conditions. salmonella typhimurium dt104 employs an acid tolerance response (atr) allowing it to adapt to acidic environments. the threat that these acid adapted cells pose to food safety could be enhanced if they also produce biofilms in acidic conditions. the cells were acid-adapted by culturing them in 1% glucose and their ability to form biofilms on stainl ...	2015	25912312
mangrovibacter yixingensis sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil.	a gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, designated tull-at, was isolated from a farmland soil sample in yixing, china. the optimal conditions for growth were 30 °c, ph 7.0-8.0 and 0% (w/v) nacl. q8 was the dominant respiratory quinone and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipid. phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that strain tull-at was most closely related to ma ...	2015	25908712
live attenuated vaccines for invasive salmonella infections.	salmonella enterica serovar typhi produces significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the fact that there are licensed salmonella typhi vaccines available. this is primarily due to the fact that these vaccines are not used in the countries that most need them. there is growing recognition that an effective invasive salmonella vaccine formulation must also prevent infection due to other salmonella serovars. we anticipate that a multivalent vaccine that targets the following serovars wi ...	2015	25902362
salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden st1500 associated foodborne outbreak in pune, india.		2015	25900961
a single amino acid of a salmonella virulence protein contributes to pathogenicity by protecting from the ftsh-mediated proteolysis.	ftsh is a membrane-bound atp-dependent protease in bacteria that is critical for degrading membrane proteins. the mgtc virulence protein from salmonella enterica is located at the inner membrane and required for survival inside macrophages. here we report that a single substitution at tryptophan 226 of the mgtc protein to alanine promotes the ftsh-mediated proteolysis. the trp residue is located at the very c-terminus of the cytoplasmic domain of the mgtc protein and conserved only in intracellu ...	2015	25900124
colorimetric biosensing of targeted gene sequence using dual nanoparticle platforms.	we have developed a colorimetric biosensor using a dual platform of gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide sheets for the detection of salmonella enterica. the presence of the inva gene in s. enterica causes a change in color of the biosensor from its original pinkish-red to a light purplish solution. this occurs through the aggregation of the primary gold nanoparticles-conjugated dna probe onto the surface of the secondary graphene oxide-conjugated dna probe through dna hybridization with the ta ...	2015	25897217
isolation of salmonella from ready-to-eat poultry meat and evaluation of its survival at low temperature, microwaving and simulated gastric fluids.	a study was conducted to evaluate the risk of salmonella contamination and its survival at different stages in chill ready-to-eat poultry meat products chain. samples (n = 181) were collected and examined for the presence of salmonella species. the bacteria were initially identified against polyvalent antisera "o" and "h", followed by confirmation with 16 s rdna. the single salmonella, isolate from the tested food samples showed 99.8 % phylogenetic similarity with salmonella enterica. it was fur ...	2015	25892808
evaluation of tubex-tf and onsite typhoid igg/igm combo rapid tests to detect salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection during a typhoid outbreak in harare, zimbabwe.	salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the causative agent of typhoid, is endemic in most parts of the world especially in africa. reliable and rapid diagnosis of the bacterium is therefore critical for confirmation of all suspected typhoid cases. in many parts of zimbabwe, laboratory capacity to isolate the microorganism by culture method as a way of diagnosis has limitations. in this study, two rapid serological kits, tubex-tf and onsite typhoid igg/igm combo, were evaluated for possible expeditio ...	2015	25890321
two draft genome sequences of a new serovar of salmonella enterica, serovar lubbock.	salmonella enterica is principally a foodborne pathogen that shows considerable serovar diversity. in this report, we present two draft genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar lubbock, a novel serovar.	2015	25883279
first description of food-borne salmonella enterica resistance regions r1 and r3 associated with is26 elements.	in this study, we assessed the presence of is26 in food-borne assut-type salmonella enterica isolates. a new genetic region (r3) was described, that included a c14 caspase gene between is26 elements. r3 was present in two salmonella rissen isolates from a swine carcass and a meat handler, collected at the same abattoir. furthermore, a new rearrangement of resistance region r1, harboring the blatem-1 gene flanked by is26 elements, was identified in salmonella typhimurium and salmonella 4,[5],12:i ...	2015	25881795
ongoing outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a infections, phnom penh, cambodia.		2015	25881538
[salmonella spp. prevalence and contamination risk factors in broiler and broiler meat of gallus gallus in germany and the european union].	in order to reduce the prevalence of the salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis as a main causative agent of human salmonellosis originating from poultry flocks and products, the eu regulations 2160/2003 and 2073/2005 and the german hühner-salmonellen-verordnung were established ten years ago. a literature review shows that this aim could be reached to a large extend in many areas of the food production chain, e.g. in breeding and husbandry facilities in most eu member states i ...	2015	25876278
draft genome sequence of multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden isolated from seafood.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar weltevereden is the most frequent serovar isolated from asia. here, we report a draft genome sequence of multidrug resistant salmonella weltevreden 9 isolated from seafood. whole-genome of this isolate and annotation will help enhance the understanding of this pathogenic multidrug-resistant serovar.	2015	25874015
immunization with ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine elicits crossreactive multifunctional cd8+ t-cell responses against salmonella enterica serovar typhi, s. paratyphi a, and s. paratyphi b in humans.	previously we have extensively characterized salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi)-specific cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses in volunteers orally immunized with the licensed ty21a typhoid vaccine. in this study we measured salmonella-specific multifunctional (mf) cd8+ t-cell responses to further investigate whether ty21a elicits crossreactive cmi against s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b that also cause enteric fever. ty21a-elicited crossreactive cmi responses against all three salmon ...	2015	25872480
[increase in antimicrobial resistance of salmonella from food to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins--a review of data from ten years].	animal derived food is a relevant source of human infections with salmonella enterica. in this paper we analyse the presence of salmonella in meat with respect to the observed serovars and their resistance to the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin and 3rd generation cephalosporins in the years 2003 to 2012. data originated from 8176 isolates that were isolated from meat, characterized in the national reference laboratory for salmonella and tested for antimicrobial resistance in the national reference ...	2015	25872252
anti-salmonella activity of volatile compounds of vietnam coriander.	essential oil derived from the fresh leaves of polygonum odoratum lour was tested for their effects on a foodborne bacterium salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis atcc 35640 using a broth dilution method. this essential oil showed a significant antibacterial activity against s. choleraesuis at the concentration of 200 µg/ml. twenty-five volatile compounds were characterized from this essential oil by gc-ms, and aldehyde compounds were found abundant and accounted for more than three-fourth ...	2015	25870012
molecular characterization of salmonella enterica isolates associated with starling-livestock interactions.	bird-livestock interactions have been implicated as potential sources for bacteria within concentrated animal feeding operations (cafo). in this study we characterized xbai-digested genomic dna from salmonella enterica using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the pfge analysis was conducted using 182 s. enterica isolates collected from a single cafo between 2009 and 2012. samples collected in 2012 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. the analysis was limited to s. enteri ...	2015	25866128
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of salmonella enterica.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is considered a "gold standard" for the molecular characterization of a number of bacterial strains. its strength relies on its high discriminatory power, together with its high reproducibility. for many years, an international network, pulsenet international, allows the rapid comparison of pfge data obtained all over the world, and it provides a valuable tool to promptly recognize the epidemiological dynamics of many pathogens, including salmonella enteri ...	2015	25862058
expression and function of s100a8/a9 (calprotectin) in human typhoid fever and the murine salmonella model.	typhoid fever, caused by the gram-negative bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhi, is a major cause of community-acquired bacteremia and death worldwide. s100a8 (mrp8) and s100a9 (mrp14) form bioactive antimicrobial heterodimers (calprotectin) that can activate toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock and multi-organ failure. we aimed to characterize the expression and function of s100a8/a9 in patients with typhoid fever and in a murine invasive salmonella model.	2015	25860480
genome-wide methylation patterns in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars.	the methylation of dna bases plays an important role in numerous biological processes including development, gene expression, and dna replication. salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and methylation in salmonella is implicated in virulence. using single molecule real-time (smrt) dna-sequencing, we sequenced and assembled the complete genomes of eleven salmonella enterica isolates from nine different serovars, and analysed the whole-genome methylation patterns of each genome. we descri ...	2015	25860355
acute scrotal ulcers in typhoid fever: case report and literature review.	in developed countries, typhoid fever is a travel-associated disease that is often overlooked. however, as standard blood and stool culture methods have relatively low sensitivity, diagnosis depends heavily on clinical signs and symptoms and on a high level of suspicion.	2015	25859155
the role of carbohydrates in infection strategies of enteric pathogens.	enteric pathogens cause considerable public health concerns worldwide including tropical regions. here, we review the roles of carbohydrates in the infection strategies of various enteric pathogens including viruses, bacteria and protozoa, which infect the epithelial lining of the human and animal intestine. at host cell entry, enteric viruses, including norovirus, recognize mainly histo-blood group antigens. at the initial step of bacterial infections, carbohydrates also function as receptors f ...	2015	25859152
typhoid fever in young children in bangladesh: clinical findings, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and immune responses.	children bear a large burden of typhoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) in endemic areas. however, immune responses and clinical findings in children are not well defined. here, we describe clinical and immunological characteristics of young children with s. typhi bacteremia, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated strains.	2015	25849611
differential innate immune responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes to salmonella enterica serovars dublin, typhimurium, and enteritidis.	the majority of salmonella serovars cause no clinical disease in cattle, while some are associated with severe disease. the objective of the current study was to determine the innate immune responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to salmonella enterica serovar dublin (bovine-specific), salmonella typhimurium (murine adapted, but zoonotic), and salmonella enteritidis (poultry host-adapted) in 3-week-old calves. all salmonella exposures increased cell surface cd14 and cd18 regardle ...	2015	25847354
specificity of salmonella typhimurium strain (atcc 14028) growth responses to salmonella serovar-generated spent media.	salmonella enterica is one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for foodborne illness worldwide. numerous salmonella serovars have been associated with the consumption of a variety of products, and limiting food-borne illness due to salmonella serovars is a continuing problem for food producers and public health. the emergence and prevalence of salmonella serovars has been studied but the predominant serovars have varied somewhat over the years. the aims of this research were to compare t ...	2015	25844864