Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| presence of a surface-exposed loop facilitates trypsinization of particles of sinsiro virus, a genogroup ii.3 norovirus. | noroviruses (novs) are the causative agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. novs that belong to genogroup ii (gii) are quite prevalent and prone to undergo recombination, and their three-dimensional structure is not yet known. protein homology modeling of sinsiro virus (sv), a member of the gii.3 novs, revealed the presence of a surface-exposed 20-amino-acid (aa) insertion in the p2 domain of the capsid protein (cp) relative to the norwalk virus (nv) cp, which is a well known ho ... | 2007 | 17079293 |
| complete genomic characterization and antigenic relatedness of genogroup iii, genotype 2 bovine noroviruses. | bovine enteric noroviruses form a genogroup, iii, distinct from the 2 human norovirus genogroups, i and ii. two genogroup iii genotypes were suggested by partial genomic analyses. in the present study, analysis of the full-length genome sequence of bo/newbury2/76/uk and the more contemporary newbury2-like virus, bo/dumfries/1994/uk, showed that both were 7311 nucleotides in length and had three open reading frames (orfs), amino acids motifs typical of noroviruses, and 95% or greater amino acid i ... | 2007 | 17066248 |
| outbreak of norovirus illness associated with a swimming pool. | on 3 february 2004, the vermont department of health received reports of acute gastroenteritis in persons who had recently visited a swimming facility. a retrospective cohort study was conducted among persons attending the facility between 30 january and 2 february. fifty-three of 189 (28%) persons interviewed developed vomiting or diarrhoea within 72 h after visiting the facility. five specimens tested positive for norovirus and three specimen sequences were identical. entering the smaller of t ... | 2007 | 17076938 |
| library screen for inhibitors targeting norovirus binding to histo-blood group antigen receptors. | human noroviruses (nvs) are a common cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. the disease is difficult to control due to its widespread nature and the lack of antivirals or vaccines against nvs. the recent identification of human histo-blood group antigens (hbgas) as nv receptors opens a new way for the discovery and design of antivirals against nvs. a saliva-based enzyme immune assay (eia) was used to screen a synthetic-compound library for inhibition of the binding of norovirus-like particles to ... | 2007 | 17060523 |
| behavior of pathogenic microbes in a treated wastewater reuse system and examination of new standards for the reuse of treated wastewater. | we researched the behavior of pathogenic microbes in a treated wastewater reuse system to acquire knowledge for establishing new standards for the reuse of treated wastewater. based on the results that showed occasional growth of total coliforms but barely any growth of escherichia coli in the supply tank, we found that the total coliform, which includes bacteria that also breed in the soil, etc., is not necessarily suitable as the index bacteria for indicating pollution by excrement. we also cl ... | 2007 | 17057950 |
| detection of genogroup i and ii human picobirnaviruses showing small genomic rna profile causing acute watery diarrhoea among children in kolkata, india. | picobirnaviruses (pbvs) with bisegmented small rna genome profile (1.75 and 1.55kbp for segment 1 and 2, respectively) were detected from 1999 to 2003 in faecal specimens of acute watery diarrhoea cases, largely children (n=20) and an adult in kolkata, india. varying degrees of dehydration necessitated their visit to hospital for further treatment and management of acute watery diarrhoea. pbv was associated with rotavirus (n=3) or astrovirus (n=3) and with both in one case. no co-infection with ... | 2007 | 17049316 |
| [norovirus outbreaks in a teaching hospital: the role of infection control]. | in january 2004, 20 patients and 19 staff in one ward became ill in an outbreak of norovirus-related gastroenteritis over a 12-day period. the epidemic curve indicated person-to-person transmission. infection control measures were instituted in consultation with the government health authorities. a prompt rigorous response may have prevented spread to other wards. in march 2004, 54 staff and 1 member of a patient's family became ill in an outbreak of gastroenteritis. the source of norovirus cont ... | 2007 | 18095467 |
| [elisa kit in outbreaks of infectious gastroenteritis among elderly nursing home]. | 2007 | 18095478 | |
| [interaction between noroviruses and human histo-blood group antigens]. | norovirus (nov), a member of the family caliciviridae, is a major cause of water and food-borne acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, and forms many morphologically similar but antigenically diverse groups of viruses. the virus-like particles (vlps) derived from the prototype strain of nov, norwalk virus (nv/68), bind to histo-blood group antigens (hbgas). hbgas are carbohydrates that contain structurally related saccharide moieties, and are found in saliva and mucosal secretions from intestinal e ... | 2007 | 18357756 |
| norovirus in captive lion cub (panthera leo). | african lions (panthera leo) are susceptible to viral diseases of domestic carnivores, including feline calici-virus infection. we report the identification of a novel enteric calicivirus, genetically related to human noroviruses of genogroup iv, in a lion cub that died of severe hemorrhagic enteritis. | 2007 | 18214183 |
| cell culture assay for human noroviruses. | 2007 | 18214197 | |
| norovirus gii.4 strains and outbreaks, australia. | 2007 | 18214205 | |
| human bocavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis, brazil. | human bocavirus (hbov) was detected in 14 (2%) of 705 fecal specimens from brazilian children with gastroenteritis. coinfection with rotavirus, adenovirus, or norovirus was found in 3 (21.4%) hbov-positive specimens. none of the hbov-positive patients had respiratory symptoms. | 2007 | 18217564 |
| norovirus and gastroenteritis in hospitalized children, italy. | noroviruses were detected in 48.4% of 192 children (<3 years of age) hospitalized for gastroenteritis in palermo, italy, during 2004; predominant genotypes were ggiib/hilversum and ggii.4 hunter. of children with viral enteritis, 19.6% had a mixed norovirus-rotavirus infection. the severity of infection was lower for norovirus than for rotavirus but increased in co-infection. | 2007 | 18252118 |
| fecal viral concentration and diarrhea in norovirus gastroenteritis. | fecal viral concentrations of 40 patients infected with norovirus genogroup gii.4 correlated with diarrhea duration and frequency of vomiting. higher viral concentration and older age were independently associated with prolonged diarrhea (> or =4 days). these findings provide information on the pathogenesis and transmission of norovirus infections. | 2007 | 18252121 |
| multiple recombinant noroviruses in japan. | a total of 417 fecal specimens collected from sporadic pediatric cases of acute gastroenteritis in japan from 2005 to 2006 were tested for noroviruses by rt-pcr. noroviruses were detected in 44 of 417 (10.1%) fecal specimens tested. of these, the gii/3 was the most predominant genotype with a prevalence rate of 56.8%, followed by 34% of the gii/4 and others. phylogenetic analysis reveals that multiple recombinant noroviruses, which were both dependently and independently introduced from four dif ... | 2007 | 18257462 |
| investigation on virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide. experimental data on feline calicivirus, hav and coxsackie b5. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of clo2 with regard to viruses which show a particular resistance to oxidizing agent such as hav and norwalk and norwalk-like viruses, and which play an important role in the epidemiology of viral foodborne diseases. in the food industry, disinfection of processing systems and equipment is a very important instrument to prevent secondary contamination and to guarantee food safety. among disinfectants, chlorine dioxide (clo2) presents a good effi ... | 2007 | 18274345 |
| genotyping and quantitation of noroviruses in oysters from two distinct sea areas in japan. | norovirus (nv) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and shellfishes including oysters act as major vehicles of the virus. to investigate the genetic characteristics of nvs, we collected 1,512 oysters for raw consumption between october 2002 and march 2005 from two distinct areas (area a: the sanriku sea area; area b: the setouchi sea area). we detected the capsid gene and subjected it to phylogenetic analysis. by further quantification of the copy number of the genome by usin ... | 2007 | 17310085 |
| viral diarrhea can be infectious for a long time. | 2007 | 17312620 | |
| detection of sporadic cases of norovirus infection in hospitalized children in italy. | this study was performed to investigate the role of noroviruses (nv) in sporadic cases of acute diarrhoea among hospitalized children in brescia hospital. nv were the most frequently involved viruses (23.7%) and were more common in children >5 years (23/63) than in children <5 years (6/59). the majority of the nv-positive specimens belonged to genotype ii (gii). the frequency of rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and astrovirus was 12.2%, 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively. results obtained confirm the rele ... | 2007 | 17319600 |
| norovirus gastroenteritis. | recent epidemiologic studies have shown that norovirus is one of the most frequent causes of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing are the means by which the hundreds of norovirus strains have been identified, named, and classified into genogroups and genetic clusters. they are also the means by which a particular strain is traced from the source of an outbreak throughout its spread. these molecular techniques have been comb ... | 2007 | 17324346 |
| [viruses in drinking water]. | viruses in drinking water can cause infectious diseases. in the past, hepatitis a and e were the most frequently observed drinking- water-borne viral infections, but in recent years several small- and large-scale norovirus epidemics have been described, even in europe. all virus species spread via drinking water are of fecal origin. they are regularly identified in waste water even after conventional multi-stage water treatment. the approved disinfection methods can cope with these viruses if th ... | 2007 | 17334891 |
| norovirus mixed infection in an oyster-associated outbreak: an opportunity for recombination. | we describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis in which the nucleic acid of three distinct noroviruses was amplified from the same fecal sample. to enable the separate amplification of each virus, an inclusion/exclusion rt-pcr primer design strategy was developed. this paired a virus-specific exclusion primer (designed with the exact sequence of one virus in a region displaying low conservation among the three viruses) with a virus-nonspecific inclusion primer (designed in a conserved region). thus, ... | 2007 | 17334907 |
| murine norovirus 1 infection is associated with histopathological changes in immunocompetent hosts, but clinical disease is prevented by stat1-dependent interferon responses. | human noroviruses are the major cause of nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. however, little is known regarding their pathogenesis or the immune responses that control them because until recently there has been no small animal model or cell culture system of norovirus infection. we recently reported the discovery of the first murine norovirus, murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), and its cultivation in macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro. we further defined interferon receptors and the ... | 2007 | 17229692 |
| porcine enteric caliciviruses: genetic and antigenic relatedness to human caliciviruses, diagnosis and epidemiology. | porcine enteric caliciviruses include sapoviruses and noroviruses. porcine sapoviruses infect pigs of all ages and cause diarrhea in young pigs, whereas porcine noroviruses were detected exclusively from adult pigs without clinical signs. importantly, certain porcine norovirus strains were genetically and antigenically related to human noroviruses. this raises public health concerns that pigs may be reservoirs for emergence of epidemic human norovirus strains. this article reviews the discovery ... | 2007 | 17234307 |
| [frozen berries as a risk factor for outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis. results of an outbreak investigation in the summer of 2005 in hamburg]. | an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred in hamburg among guests of a canteen in august 2005. a total of 241 persons were found ill. in stool samples of 16 of them norovirus genogroup i was identified. neither bacterial nor viral pathogens could be detected in food samples. among 162 guests enrolled in a cohort study, 69 (42.6 %) met the case definition. a desert dish made from blackberries and yoghurt showed a significant association with the disease (rr 6.9; 95% ci 3.36-14.16). in additio ... | 2007 | 17238056 |
| a waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with multiple etiologies among resort island visitors and residents: ohio, 2004. | the implementation of treated municipal water systems in the 20th century led to a dramatic decrease in waterborne disease in the united states. however, communities with deficient water systems still experience waterborne outbreaks. in august 2004, we investigated an outbreak of gastroenteritis on south bass island, ohio, an island of 900 residents that is visited by >500,000 persons each year. | 2007 | 17243052 |
| evaluation and application of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of noroviruses. | a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for the detection of norovirus (nv) was developed. in order to design primer sets for the detection of a wide range of nvs, nvs were categorized into three groups, that is, genogroup i (gi), prevalent gii, and minor gii; three sets of primers were developed for each group. clinical specimens of patients suffering from enteric rna viruses, such as nv, group a and c rotavirus, and sapovirus were examined using ... | 2007 | 17245722 |
| identification of bovine enteric caliciviruses (bec) from cattle in baden-württemberg. | caliciviruses are known to cause different diseases in many animal species. the bovine enteric caliciviruses (bec) are associated with diarrhoea in cattle. these viruses have been classified in the genus norovirus and are closely related to human noroviruses, the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans. this has raised questions about zoonotic transmission and an animal reservoir for the human viruses. two samples from 41 stool samples collected for diagnostic purposes from diarrheic cattle i ... | 2007 | 17252930 |
| postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome after a food-borne outbreak of acute gastroenteritis attributed to a viral pathogen. | a large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis at the annual meeting of the canadian society of gastroenterology nurses and associates (csgna) was attributed to food-borne norovirus. a prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence and natural history of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs). | 2007 | 17289440 |
| norovirus outbreak in a district general hospital--new strain identified. | media reports about norovirus outbreaks, especially in hospitals and nursing homes, have accumulated in the past years. the reasons for this increasing problem are manifold: resistance against common disinfectants, a high level of contagion (a dose of less than 100 particles may be infective); variability of the virus-genome documented by polymerase chain reaction-studies, as well as further factors concerning modern life-style. the following study describes and analyses a norovirus outbreak in ... | 2007 | 17299671 |
| [epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by human calicivirus in lulong county]. | to survey an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in lulong county and analyze the cause of the disease. | 2007 | 17971930 |
| a new zealand outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis linked to the consumption of imported raw korean oysters. | to investigate an outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred following an international rugby test at eden park (auckland, new zealand) on 17 june 2006. | 2007 | 17972982 |
| [epidemiology of infectious acute diarrhoea in france and europe]. | acute infectious diarrhoea can be linked to various pathogens among which viruses are responsible for more than a half cases. rotaviruses and caliciviruses are the most frequently encountered, in close to 60 % of viral gastroenteritis. rotaviruses account for more than 50 % of severe diseases and caliciviruses, especially norovirus are responsible for less severe sporadic gastroenteritis and water-or food- borne epidemics. astroviruses and adenoviruses are minority, excepted for immunocompromise ... | 2007 | 17961805 |
| gastroenteritis outbreak caused by waterborne norovirus at a new zealand ski resort. | in july 2006, public health services investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among staff and visitors of a popular ski resort in southern new zealand. the source of the outbreak was a drinking water supply contaminated by human sewage. the virological component of the investigation played a major role in confirming the source of the outbreak. drinking water, source stream water, and 31 fecal specimens from gastroenteritis outbreak cases were analyzed for the presence of norovirus (nov) ... | 2007 | 17965205 |
| [norovirus infections]. | during the last winter season, there was the hitherto largest norovirus gastroenteritis epidemic in germany. noroviruses are genetically highly variable, non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded, positive sense rna genome. they are the major cause of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and have been identified as the cause of more than 70% of outbreaks and approximately half of all gastroenteritis outbreaks. noroviruses also are frequently involved in sporadic cases of gastroen ... | 2007 | 17966285 |
| new trends in emerging pathogens. | the emergence of pathogens is the result of a number of impact in all parts of the food chain. the emerging technologies in food production explain how new pathogens can establish themselves in the food chain and compromise food safety. the impact of the food technology is analysed for several bacteria, such as yersinia, campylobacter, arcobacter, helicobacter pullorum, enterobacter sakazakii, mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis, prions related to vcjd and others. the importance of the abi ... | 2007 | 17976849 |
| norovirus outbreak associated with a hotel in the west of ireland, 2006. | an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease (nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea) occurred among a party of wedding guests, staff and other guests in a hotel in the west of ireland, in october 2006. upon notification, a multi-disciplinary outbreak control team was convened to investigate and control the outbreak. in all, 98 people were ascertained ill. the median duration of illness was 48 hours. the attack rate ranged between 48 and 85%. the hotel voluntarily notified health authorities and co-operated f ... | 2007 | 17991406 |
| survival of mycobacterium avium, legionella pneumophila, escherichia coli, and caliciviruses in drinking water-associated biofilms grown under high-shear turbulent flow. | most of the bacteria in drinking water distribution systems are associated with biofilms. in biofilms, their nutrient supply is better than in water, and biofilms can provide shelter against disinfection. we used a propella biofilm reactor for studying the survival of mycobacterium avium, legionella pneumophila, escherichia coli, and canine calicivirus (cacv) (as a surrogate for human norovirus) in drinking water biofilms grown under high-shear turbulent-flow conditions. the numbers of m. avium ... | 2007 | 17337541 |
| human sapoviruses: genetic diversity, recombination, and classification. | the family caliciviridae contains four genera sapovirus, norovirus, lagovirus and vesivirus, which include sapporo virus (sav), norwalk virus (nov), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), respectively. sav is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in children and adults. sav can be divided into five genogroups (gi-gv), among which gi, gii, giv and gv are known to infect humans, whereas sav giii infects porcine species. detection methods include elisa, rt-pcr and real ... | 2007 | 17340567 |
| survival of calicivirus in foods and on surfaces: experiments with feline calicivirus as a surrogate for norovirus. | although there is a large body of evidence incriminating foods as vehicles in the transmission of norovirus, little is known about virus survival in foods and on surfaces. feline calicivirus was used as a surrogate for norovirus to investigate its survival in representative foods of plant and animal origin and on metal surfaces. known concentrations of feline calicivirus in a natural fecal suspension were deposited onto lettuce, strawberries, ham, or stainless steel and incubated for 7 days at r ... | 2007 | 17340890 |
| an efficient and rapid method for recovery of norovirus from food associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis. | noroviruses have emerged as the most common cause of foodborne outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. in this study, two methods for the extraction of viruses from deli ham were compared. using both methods, as little as 1 to 10 reverse transcription (rt)-pcr units of inoculated norovirus and enterovirus could be detected by nested rt-pcr assays. the fastest and most efficient extraction method based on trizol ls reagent was chosen to identify viruses in food items associated with thre ... | 2007 | 17340891 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome complicated with norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. | 2007 | 17341500 | |
| development of a virus concentration method and its application for the detection of noroviruses in drinking water in china. | a new procedure for the concentration of nonoviruses from water samples has been developed. this procedure (calcium flocculation-citrate dissolution method) uses the following steps: virus flocculation formed by treatment with 1 m cacl2 and 1 m na2hpo4, virus release by sodium citrate dissolution (0.3 m na citrate, ph 3.5), and virus re-concentration by ultrafiltration. when reverse transcription (rt)-pcr was performed after the procedure, the overall detection sensitivity for seeded noroviruses ... | 2007 | 17342055 |
| a novel single-nucleotide polymorphism in the lactoferrin gene is associated with susceptibility to diarrhea in north american travelers to mexico. | diarrhea affects 40%-60% of travelers from industrialized nations who visit developing countries and is due to bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents. lactoferrin is bactericidal to enteric pathogens, modulates the intestinal immune response, and is excreted in stool in response to infection with intestinal organisms. we investigated the impact that selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the human lactoferrin gene have on susceptibility to traveler's diarrhea. | 2007 | 17342646 |
| inactivation of norovirus by ozone gas in conditions relevant to healthcare. | we evaluated the ability of ozone gas to inactivate norovirus and its animal surrogate feline calicivirus (fcv) in dried samples placed at various locations within a hotel room, a cruise liner cabin and an office. norovirus was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay, and fcv by a combination of qrt-pcr and virus infectivity assays. we were able to reduce the concentration of infectious fcv by a factor of more than 10(3), and in some cas ... | 2007 | 17350729 |
| closure of medical departments during nosocomial outbreaks: data from a systematic analysis of the literature. | a total closure of an affected medical department is one of the most expensive infection control measures during investigation of a nosocomial outbreak. however, until now there has been no systematic analysis of typical characteristics of outbreaks, for which closure was considered necessary. this article presents data on features of such nosocomial epidemics published during the past 40 years in the medical literature. a search of the outbreak database (1561 nosocomial outbreaks in file) revea ... | 2007 | 17350731 |
| retrospective study of noroviruses in samples of diarrhoea from cattle, using the veterinary laboratories agency's farmfile database. | a collaborative study was undertaken by the veterinary laboratories agency (vla) and the royal veterinary college (rvc) to determine the prevalence of bovine noroviruses in cattle with diarrhoea. samples of bovine diarrhoea were provided by the vla from routine diagnostic submissions and a reverse transcription-pcr was used by the rvc to detect the viruses. epidemiological information about the samples was provided retrospectively by the farmfile database. noroviruses were detected in 44 (11 per ... | 2007 | 17351173 |
| etiological role of viruses in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the netherlands from 1994 through 2005. | acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases worldwide. in developed countries, viruses, particularly noroviruses, are recognized as the leading cause. in the netherlands, the surveillance of gastroenteritis outbreaks with suspected viral etiologies (as determined by kaplan criteria) was established by the national institute for public health and the environment in 1994. this paper presents an overview of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks reported from 1994 through 2005. a minimum epid ... | 2007 | 17360839 |
| inter-seasonal diversity of norovirus genotypes: emergence and selection of virus variants. | this study describes a method used to determine the diversity of novs co-circulating in the community that consisted of the analysis of a limited number of strains collected from outbreaks occurring at different times of the nov season. the diversity of twenty nov strains collected from outbreaks occurring at the beginning of each nov season (september) was compared to the diversity found in the middle (december) and at the end of the season (march). the method was validated through the characte ... | 2007 | 17361327 |
| internationally distributed frozen oyster meat causing multiple outbreaks of norovirus infection in australia. | between november 2003 and january 2004, outbreaks of norovirus in 3 australian jurisdictions involving 83 cases of illness were associated with imported oyster meat. | 2007 | 17366444 |
| widespread outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis among evacuees of hurricane katrina residing in a large "megashelter" in houston, texas: lessons learned for prevention. | after hurricane katrina, an estimated 200,000 persons were evacuated to the houston metropolitan area, >27,000 of whom were housed in 1 large "megashelter," the reliant park complex. we investigated an outbreak of gastroenteritis reported among the evacuees who resided in the reliant park complex to assess the spread of the infectious agent, norovirus, and to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions used for control. | 2007 | 17366445 |
| gastroenteritis caused by norovirus ggii.4, the netherlands, 1994-2005. | from 1994 through 2005, gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus generally increased in the netherlands, with 3 epidemic seasons associated with new ggii.4 strains. increased percentages of ggii.4 strains during these epidemics, followed by a sharp decrease in their absolute and relative numbers, suggest development of immunity. | 2007 | 17370531 |
| norovirus recombination. | rna recombination is a significant driving force in viral evolution. increased awareness of recombination within the genus norovirus of the family calicivirus has led to a rise in the identification of norovirus (nov) recombinants and they are now reported at high frequency. currently, there is no classification system for recombinant novs and a widely accepted recombinant genotyping system is still needed. consequently, there is duplication in reporting of novel recombinants. this has led to di ... | 2007 | 18024905 |
| phylogenetic analysis of norovirus isolates involved in some canadian gastroenteritis outbreaks in 2004 and 2005. | noroviruses are recognized as the most common cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. in this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of noroviral isolates in canada from 2004 to 2005 by sequencing the rna polymerase gene and capsid n-terminal/shell (n/s) domain. norovirus genogroups i and ii were thus found to have co-circulated in canada during the studied period, with a higher incidence of genogroup ii (95.7%). the gii-4 or lordsdale subgroup was the predominant genotype, s ... | 2007 | 18026205 |
| norovirus outbreak associated with ill food-service workers--michigan, january-february 2006. | on january 30, 2006, the barry-eaton district health department (bedhd) in michigan was notified of gastrointestinal illness in several members of two dining parties after a meal at an eaton county restaurant on january 28. an investigation was initiated by bedhd to identify the source and agent of infection and to determine the scope of illness among patrons and employees of this national chain restaurant. norovirus genogroup i (gi) was detected in stool specimens submitted by multiple patrons ... | 2007 | 18030282 |
| an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis suspected to be related to contaminated food, october 2006, sakai city, japan. | on october 17, 2006, the sakai city public health center received a report of acute gastroenteritis among 4 members from the same company who had eaten raw meat dish called "yukke: korean-style beef tartar" and raw liver at a rotisserie in sakai city on october 7. based on information from interviews, the median incubation period was 5.5 (range, 5-7 days), and the median length of illness was 7 days (range, 4-10 days). the illness was characterized by a prolonged incubation period, non-bloody wa ... | 2007 | 18032847 |
| norovirus storm in osaka, japan, last winter (2006/2007). | 2007 | 18032849 | |
| [characteristic of the etiologic structure of acute enteric infections in adults based on the data from infectious diseases hospital]. | study of the etiologic spectrum of sporadic cases of causative agents of acute enteric infections (aei) in 753 patients aged 15-85 years old using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed in the infectious diseases hospital during 12 months. it was shown that detection of the causative agents of aei by pcr was 2.2 times more effective than routine microbiologic diagnostics supplemented with test of feces on rotavirus by elisa method and allowed to detect etiologic agent in 54.3% of the pati ... | 2007 | 18038539 |
| it's not just montezuma's revenge anymore... | 2007 | 18044256 | |
| outbreak of norovirus infection in a nursing home in northern slovenia, july 2007. | 2007 | 17997920 | |
| epidemiological and virological investigation of a norovirus outbreak in a resort in puglia, italy. | this paper describes the third large outbreak of norovirus (nov) gastroenteritis reported in the southern italy region of puglia. | 2007 | 18021429 |
| a human norovirus-like particle vaccine adjuvanted with iscom or mlt induces cytokine and antibody responses and protection to the homologous gii.4 human norovirus in a gnotobiotic pig disease model. | we inoculated gnotobiotic pigs orally/intranasally with human norovirus gii.4 hs66 strain virus-like particles (vlp) and immunostimulating complexes (iscom) or mutant e. coli lt toxin (mlt, r192g) as mucosal adjuvants, then assessed intestinal and systemic antibody and cytokine responses and homologous protection. both vaccines induced high rates of seroconversion (100%) and coproconversion (75-100%). the vlp+mlt vaccine induced th1/th2 serum cytokines and cytokine secreting cells, whereas the v ... | 2007 | 18022293 |
| outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis among staff at a hospital in barcelona, spain, september 2007. | 2007 | 18053564 | |
| norovirus outbreak associated with canteen salad in suffolk, united kingdom. | 2007 | 18053571 | |
| [attention-getting cross infections: viral enteritis]. | 2007 | 18069301 | |
| [norovirus infection in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in northeastern poland]. | noroviruses belonging to the family of caliciviridae are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in both children and adults. in the current study incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis was estimated in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis using commercially available elisa tests. epidemiological data were correlated with basic demographic findings. a hundred and forty nine children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled in the study. screening for common viruses causing gastroenteri ... | 2007 | 18069383 |
| [study on the epidemiologic characteristics of norovirus infection in beijing]. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in beijing. | 2007 | 18069555 |
| [a preliminary study on molecular characteristics of noroviruses detected in beijing]. | to investigate the molecular characteristics of noroviruses detected in beijing. | 2007 | 18069556 |
| [clinical manifestations of norovirus gastroenteritis in infants and children]. | to study the clinical manifestations for norovirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children. | 2007 | 18069557 |
| norovirus genotypes involved in the outbreaks of gastroenteritis in croatia during the winter season 2004--2005. | seven outbreaks and four sporadic cases of the non-bacterial gastroenteritis caused by a norovirus (nov) were detected in croatia between november 2004 and february 2005. an enzyme immunoassay (eia) and three different rt-pcrs for the viral polymerase (orf1 rt-pcr) and genogroup i (gi) or ii (gii) of capsid gene regions (gi-orf2 rt-pcr; gii-orf2 rt-pcr) were performed to detect nov in 21 stool samples. to characterize novs, sequencing of the orf1 region was performed on 12 rt-pcr positive sample ... | 2007 | 18076309 |
| enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish. | one hundred and thirty-seven bivalves were collected for environmental monitoring and the market; all the samples were analysed by rt-pcr test. bacteriological counts meeting the european union shellfish criteria were reached by 69.5% of all the samples, whereas the overall positive values for enteric virus presence were: 25.5%, 18.2%, 8.0% and 2.1% for rotavirus, astrovirus, enteroviruses, norovirus, respectively. mussels appear to be the most contaminated bivalves, with 64.8% of positive sampl ... | 2007 | 18080684 |
| prevalence of enteropathogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group a rotavirus among children with diarrhea in dar es salaam tanzania. | different groups of viruses have been shown to be responsible for acute diarrhea among children during their first few years of life. epidemiological knowledge of viral agents is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. | 2007 | 18162127 |
| [development of noroviruses]. | noroviruses (nvs) were one of the new borne viruses, which was found firstly in the unit states of america in 1972 and reported in china in 1995. the main food-borne viral pathogens affect people badly and cause the epidemic acute gastroenteritis in all kinds of people. and to this day, however, no cell lines and animal models have been found, which has hampered the study of these viruses. with the progress of the molecular biology and other subjects, the genomes of different nvs were sequenced, ... | 2007 | 18062279 |
| [rimozione dei virus nei processi convenzionali di trattamento delle acque reflue.]. | little has been published in the scientific literature on the distribution of pathogenic viruses and on their removal in the different treatment phases in wastewater treatment plants in italy. recent advances in molecular biology have reduced analytic costs and allowed the detection of virus directly in the environment. this study evaluates the presence of enteric viruses and their removal in three treatment plants of different sizes and which use different treatment methods. overall 92 samples ... | 2007 | 18617963 |
| plant-based vaccines against diarrheal diseases. | every year 1.6 million deaths occur due to diarrhea related to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation-the vast majority in children under 5 years old. safe and effective vaccines against enteric infections could contribute to control of these diseases. however, purification of protective antigens for inclusion in vaccines using traditional expression systems is expensive and unattractive to vaccine manufacturers who see the vaccine market as economically uninviting. cost is one of the persistent ... | 2007 | 18528491 |
| reducing the health impact of infectious agents: the significance of preventive strategies. | each year almost 15 million people die of infectious diseases and in all probability this figure is much higher, because in many cases infection is not at all recognized as being the cause of death or its contributory role is not known. there is an increase in the risks posed by infections; the belief in the omnipotence of drugs has not stood the test of time; rather, by adopting a counterstance we risk losing all that we accomplished during the last decades. after all, over the past 40 years we ... | 2007 | 20200667 |
| divergent opinions on surface disinfection: myths or prevention? a review of the literature. | virtually no prevention strategy in hospital hygiene has been the focus of such frequent controversial discussions as the role of surface disinfection. set against that background, the commission for hospital hygiene and infection prevention at the robert koch institute founded a working group comprising members with divergent views of risk evaluation as regards the role of disinfection. this working group produced a most carefully drafted guideline on how to deal with various risk areas and als ... | 2007 | 20200680 |
| an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a holiday resort in italy: epidemiological survey, implementation and application of preventive measures. | a major gastroenteritis outbreak was reported in a vacation resort in central italy in 2003. a total of 183 cases were identified. the case-control study identified a statistically significant correlation between the disease and sea bathing, use of sanitary facilities in bungalows and of common showers. stool samples taken from people affected were found positive for norovirus (68%, 13 of 19 samples), rotavirus (38%, 1 of 14 samples) and campylobacter (7%, 3 of 8 samples). environmental investig ... | 2008 | 20405445 |
| viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in deployed british troops during 2002-7. | the aim of this study was to see what lessons could be learnt from the suspected viral gastroenteritis outbreaks that have occurred in deployed british troops during 2002-7. | 2008 | 19202819 |
| [molecular methods for the diagnosis of acute viral gastroenteritis]. | acute gastroenteritis (age) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. in europe, viruses are responsible for most episodes of gastroenteritis, and among these, rotaviruses are associated with most age in children under the age of 2 years, and noroviruses in older ages. classical methods for laboratory diagnosis leave between 60 and 70% of cases undiagnosed. most cases in which the etiology is unknown are probably caused by viruses. through the use of molecular methods (nucleic acid ... | 2008 | 19195451 |
| [pathogenic diagnosis of an unexplained epidemic event of infectious diarrhea]. | to determine the pathogen of an unexplained epidemic event of infectious diarrhea by laboratory diagnosis of suspected cases samples. | 2008 | 19544646 |
| outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis caused by norovirus in a neonatal intensive care unit. | to investigate an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) and to identify the etiology, describe illness risk factors, and develop control measures. | 2008 | 18534621 |
| effects of sanitation, freezing and frozen storage on enteric viruses in berries and herbs. | norovirus (nv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are foodborne enteric viruses associated with outbreaks of disease following consumption of fresh or frozen produce. model experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of certain commercial processes for the removal of enteric viruses that might be present in berries and herbs. the survival and persistence of hav, nv, rotavirus (rv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), a surrogate for nv, in frozen produce over time were determined. survival and i ... | 2008 | 18547667 |
| [viral gastroenteritis. an epidemiologic investigation between the period 2001-2006]. | the most common causes for diarrhea both in children and adults are of viral genesis. thereby rota-, noro-, adeno-, and astroviruses are mentioned in descending order. the diagnosis of these frequently nosocomial infections can easily result from virus antigen detection of stool samples. | 2008 | 18548208 |
| quantitative detection of norovirus excretion in pediatric patients with cancer and prolonged gastroenteritis and shedding of norovirus. | although chronic courses of norovirus infection have been described in immunocompromised patients, little is known about noroviral shedding and correlation with clinical symptoms in these patients. in this report, the quantitative courses of norovirus excretion in nine pediatric patients with hematologic and oncologic disorders and prolonged gastroenteritis were investigated. in a retrospective study multiple fecal samples from nine pediatric cancer patients were examined by a one-step real-time ... | 2008 | 18551595 |
| norwalk virus: how infectious is it? | noroviruses are major agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. the infectivity of norwalk virus, the prototype norovirus, has been studied in susceptible human volunteers. a new variant of the hit theory model of microbial infection was developed to estimate the variation in norwalk virus infectivity, as well as the degree of virus aggregation, consistent with independent (electron microscopic) observations. explicit modeling of viral aggregation allows us to express virus infectivity per sing ... | 2008 | 18551613 |
| detection of a novel intergenogroup recombinant norovirus from kolkata, india. | mutation and recombination are recognized as important driving forces of evolution among rna viruses. an intergenogroup recombinant norovirus strain [hu/kol/nlv/l8775/ab290150/2006/india] was detected in the faecal specimen of a 17 year old male, who had suffered from acute watery diarrhea and severe dehydration. sequence analysis confirmed that this novel recombinant strain had a polymerase gene fragment that closely resembled a norovirus (nov) genogroup-i genotype-3 virus (hucv/nlv/gi.3/va9811 ... | 2008 | 18555887 |
| [from the international world of public health: management of a norovirus outbreak in a large clinic in the usa]. | 2008 | 18561780 | |
| [pilgimage and other mass gatherings: epidemiology and prevention]. | hajj is the typical example of a mass gathering. pilgrims should receive appropriate counselling. following the late 20th century epidemics, meningococcal acwy vaccination is obligatory for saudi arabia. respiratory illnesses are frequent and influenza vaccination recommended. elderly and ill travellers should be aware of the physical constrains during the pilgrimage and the risk of trauma. no epidemic was detected during big sports events, but surveillance is warranted and recommendations need ... | 2008 | 18561823 |
| pediatric norovirus diarrhea in nicaragua. | information about norovirus (nov) infections in central america is limited. through a passive community and hospital pediatric diarrhea surveillance program, a total of 542 stool samples were collected between march 2005 and february 2006 in león, nicaragua. nov was detected in 12% (65/542) of the children; of these, 11% (45/409) were in the community and 15% (20/133) were in the hospital, with most strains (88%) belonging to genogroup ii. nov infections were age and gender associated, with chil ... | 2008 | 18562593 |
| murine norovirus, a recently discovered and highly prevalent viral agent of mice. | murine norovirus (mnv), a recently discovered viral agent of laboratory mice, is closely related to human norovirus, a contagious pathogen known to cause gastroenteritis. the prototype strain of mnv (mnv-1) was first isolated and characterized in 2003 as a sporadic, lethal pathogen in certain strains of immunocompromised knockout mice. serological surveillance data from mouse colonies throughout the us and canada have since shown that mnv is highly prevalent. because mnv is unique among noroviru ... | 2008 | 18568010 |
| translation termination reinitiation between open reading frame 1 (orf1) and orf2 enables capsid expression in a bovine norovirus without the need for production of viral subgenomic rna. | a generally accepted view of norovirus replication is that capsid expression requires production of a subgenomic transcript, the presence of capsid often being used as a surrogate marker to indicate the occurrence of viral replication. using a polymerase ii-based baculovirus delivery system, we observed capsid expression following introduction of a full-length genogroup 3 norovirus genome into hepg2 cells. however, capsid expression occurred as a result of a novel translation termination/reiniti ... | 2008 | 18579601 |
| tracking the spatial diffusion of influenza and norovirus using telehealth data: a spatiotemporal analysis of syndromic data. | telehealth systems have a large potential for informing public health authorities in an early stage of outbreaks of communicable disease. influenza and norovirus are common viruses that cause significant respiratory and gastrointestinal disease worldwide. data about these viruses are not routinely mapped for surveillance purposes in the uk, so the spatial diffusion of national outbreaks and epidemics is not known as such incidents occur. we aim to describe the geographical origin and diffusion o ... | 2008 | 18582364 |
| improved inactivation of nonenveloped enteric viruses and their surrogates by a novel alcohol-based hand sanitizer. | norovirus is the leading cause of food-related illness in the united states, and contamination of ready-to-eat items by food handlers poses a high risk for disease. this study reports the in vitro (suspension test) and in vivo (fingerpad protocol) assessments of a new ethanol-based hand sanitizer containing a synergistic blend of polyquaternium polymer and organic acid, which is active against viruses of public health importance, including norovirus. when tested in suspension, the test product r ... | 2008 | 18586970 |
| atomic resolution structural characterization of recognition of histo-blood group antigens by norwalk virus. | members of norovirus, a genus in the family caliciviridae, are causative agents of epidemic diarrhea in humans. susceptibility to several noroviruses is linked to human histo-blood type, and its determinant histo-blood group antigens (hbgas) are regarded as receptors for these viruses. specificity for these carbohydrates is strain-dependent. norwalk virus (nv) is the prototype genogroup i norovirus that specifically recognizes a- and h-type hbga, in contrast to genogroup ii noroviruses that exhi ... | 2008 | 18599458 |
| genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in new delhi, india. | human caliciviruses (hucvs) cause gastroenteritis throughout the world. limited information is available on molecular epidemiology of caliciviruses from developing countries including india. | 2008 | 18602864 |
| contamination of the hospital environment with gastroenteric viruses: comparison of two pediatric wards over a winter season. | the aims of this study were to examine the extent of gastroenteric virus contamination in a pediatric primary immunodeficiency (ppi) ward and a general pediatric ward over a winter season and to determine whether changes to hospital infection control interventions would have an impact on environmental contamination levels within pediatric units. environmental swabs were collected weekly from 11 sites in both wards from 15 december 2005 to 3 march 2006 and examined for the presence of norovirus ( ... | 2008 | 18614656 |
| functional analysis of the 5' genomic sequence of a bovine norovirus. | jena virus (jv), a bovine norovirus, causes enteric disease in cattle and represents a potential model for the study of enteric norovirus infection and pathogenesis. the positive sense rna genome of jv is organised into orf1 (non-structural proteins), orf2 (major capsid protein) and orf3 (minor capsid protein). the lack of a cell culture system for studying jv replication has meant that work to date has relied upon in vitro systems to study non-structural protein synthesis and processing. | 2008 | 18478070 |
| genetic analysis of the capsid gene of genotype gii.2 noroviruses. | noroviruses (novs) are considered to be a major cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. the nov genus is genetically diverse, and genotype gii.4 has been most commonly identified worldwide in recent years. in this study we analyzed the complete capsid gene of nov strains belonging to the less prevalent genotype gii.2. we compared a total of 36 complete capsid sequences of gii.2 sequences obtained from the genbank (n = 5) and from outbreaks or sporadic cases that occurred in the ne ... | 2008 | 18480447 |