Publications

isolation of indigenous enteroviruses from chemically treated and dewatered sludge samples.	samples of wastewater sludge were examined for infectious enteroviruses before and after they had been chemically conditioned and dewatered. the least virus was recovered from the cake produced by filter pressing of sludge, which had a greatly increased solids content (39 to 45% [wt/vol]) relative to the untreated sludge (4.2 to 6.2% [wt/vol]) and in one plant was at ph 11 due to the lime conditioner used. conditioning with a cationic polyelectrolyte before dewatering by centrifugation produced ...	1982	6295275
coxsackievirus b4 nephritis in the squirrel monkey.	seventeen squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were experimentally infected with coxsackievirus b4, and the kidneys, as well as other organs, were studied for pathological changes induced by the virus. seven (41%) of these monkeys developed renal lesions--interstitial and glomerular. the coxsackievirus was identified in 4 of these 7 monkeys (by isolation from the renal tissue in 2, by immunofluorescence staining of viral antigen in 1, and by electron microscopic finding of viral particles in 1). ...	1982	6295434
high frequency of antigenic variants among naturally occurring human coxsackie b4 virus isolates identified by monoclonal antibodies.		1982	6183593
coxsackie b virus infection in acute myocardial infarction and adult heart disease.	over a 12-month period, 329 patients admitted to the coronary care unit, wellington hospital, new zealand, were studied for evidence of coxsackie b virus infection. fifteen patients (9.8%) with acute myocardial infarction (ami), three (6.5%) with arrhythmia, and three (25%) with heart failure had serological evidence of coxsackie b virus infection. during the same period, two control groups were also studied, and the rates of coxsackie b infection in these groups were compared with that of patie ...	1982	6296646
[patterns in the spread and serovirological diagnosis of serous meningitis].	the epidemiological and clinico-etiological study of cases of acute serous meningitis with unknown etiology in children was carried out in a large industrial city at the period of a considerable morbidity rise caused by this infection. the maximum morbidity was registered among younger children under school age attending children's institutions. in 26 closed groups of children group morbidity was revealed (4 cases and more), in 5 such groups small local outbreaks were registered. the clinico-ins ...	1982	6297190
coxsackie b4 virus causing insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, myopericarditis and encephalitis--a case report.		1982	6302065
viruses and diabetes mellitus.		1982	6302066
antiviral activity of antibiotic-producing marine bacteria.	the stability of poliovirus 1 in estuarine water and sediment was examined. the present data indicated that a 2 log reduction in virus titer at 15 degrees c occurred within 6-7 days in water samples taken from estuarine waters on both sides of the atlantic ocean. the antiviral effect decreased significantly when the seawater was subjected to autoclaving but not when it was filtered. that the antiviral activity activity of the seawater was related to the growth activities of microorganisms was co ...	1982	6279263
host factors in coxsackievirus b4-induced pancreopathy.	the diabetogenic potential of the human isolate, coxsackievirus b4 (cb4) (edwards) was studied in three inbred mice strains, swr/j, dba/2, and c57bl/6. the mice were infected with this agent and evaluated for mortality, pancreatic histopathology, and glucose tolerance. results showed that the mortality induced by cb4 in these inbred strains differed considerably. there was no evidence of a correlation between virus-induced mortality and virus-induced pancreopathy. although cb4 (edwards) was most ...	1982	6279960
[cathepsin d activity in cells differing in their sensitivity to the poliomyelitis virus].		1982	6280396
influence of sex hormones on coxsackie b-3 virus infection in balb/c mice.		1982	6280880
infection as a predominant cause of perinatal mortality.	during a 15-month period, all 34 infants delivered at the department of obstetrics and gynecology at university hospital in lund, sweden, who died perinatally or neonatally were included in a prospective study of causes of death. autopsies--including extensive culturing of specimens for bacteria, chlamydia, fungi, mycoplasmas, and viruses--were performed for all infants. maternal sera obtained during pregnancy and after delivery were examined regarding titers against a number of microorganisms. ...	1982	6281706
a solid-phase assay of solubilized hela cell membrane receptors for binding group b coxsackieviruses and polioviruses.		1982	6281966
induction of cytopathogenicity in mammalian cell lines challenged with culturable enteric viruses and its enhancement by 5-iododeoxyuridine.	cultures of 17 established cell lines were tested against 105 enteric virus types for capacity to support viral replication as indicated by cytopathogenic effect production. enhancement of susceptibility by treatment of the cells with 5-iododeoxyuridine was evaluated in parallel with untreated cells. cytopathogenic effect was produced in two or more cell lines by every virus tested except six strains of group a coxsackie virus. no cell line was found to be susceptible to these six virus types. i ...	1982	6282217
pancreatic isleitis with coxsackie virus b5 infection.	coxsackie group b virus infection may be responsible for some cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. however, coxsackie b5 virus is rarely implicated in this respect. the authors observed striking pancreatic islet cell damage in an infant who died of a coxsackie b5 virus infection. the inflammatory response consisted of mononuclear cells, and the acinar tissue was completely uninvolved.	1982	6282732
increase in the saturation of c18 fatty acids induced by coxsackie b6 virus in vero cells.		1982	6285601
cv-1 cells release proteins that facilitate infection by simian virus 40 and echovirus 6.	uninfected simian cells (cv-1) produce two different proteins, one of which enhances the infectivity of echovirus 6 and the other enhances the infectivity of sv40 in less susceptible cells. the enhancers are released by metabolizing cells into the culture medium. the sv40 enhancer protein is larger and less acidic than the echovirus enhancer. the sv40 enhancer protein can be dissociated into 2 subunits with apparent molecular weights of 42,000 and 24,000. the echovirus enhancer protein consists ...	1982	6285865
various phenotypes of diabetes mellitus at ultimate outcome of acutely developed diabetic state induced by viral infection.	for 4 to 8 years we followed up 3 diabetic patients in whom the onset of diabetes seemed to be closely related to the well-documented epstein-barr virus infection (case 1) or coxsackie b4 virus infection (case 2, 3). although all developed acute ketosis-prone diabetes in the convalescent stage of the viral infections, the subsequent clinical courses were quite different from each other. case 1 has remained consistently insulin-dependent and associated with positive islet cell antibody, gastric p ...	1982	6286296
coxsackievirus b infection in pregnant mice and transplacental infection of the fetus.	direct instillation of coxsackievirus b1 into the gastrointestinal tracts of albino mice caused viremia in more than 85% of the animals within 1 day. in pregnant mice infected early in gestation (7 days), the geometric mean titer of virus in the blood was lower (p = 0.02) and the duration of viremia was shorter (p = 0.07) than in nonpregnant female mice, but infection of the heart, liver, and uterus did not differ on each of 5 days after infection. although transplacental infection of the placen ...	1982	6286490
dietary hepatic cholesterol elevation: effects on coxsackievirus b infection and inflammation.	mice made hypercholesterolemic (hc) by diet are highly susceptible to coxsackievirus (cv) b5, whereas normal adult animals remain resistant. in attempting to define those dietary-induced physiological changes which contribute to altered resistance, a strong association between accumulation of intrahepatic cholesterol and increased cv b5-induced mortality was demonstrated, with maximum susceptibility to cv coinciding with a 2.5-fold increase in the ratio of hepatic cholesterol to protein. this me ...	1982	6286492
the virus susceptibility of skin-derived fibroblasts from families with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	we have studied the growth of eight different viruses on skin fibroblasts from three families each having one or more diabetic members and appropriate controls. the haplotypes of all of the family members had been previously characterized. in addition, we have investigated the growth of mumps virus on the lymphoblast cultures from four families of the same type. our results show no difference between the growth of these viruses in cells derived from juvenile diabetics and cells derived from nond ...	1982	6286862
antimicrobial effect of human serum iga.	serum iga, igg and colostrum secretory iga prepared from specimens pooled from a large number of human beings were shown to have measurable levels of antibodies against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, poliovirus, coxsackie b virus, echovirus and influenza virus. serum iga exerted a bacteriostatic effect in vitro on e. coli and p. aeruginosa, which increased in the presence of the iron-binding proteins lactoferrin and transferrin. this bacteriostasis was reduced w ...	1982	6287178
diagnostic relevance of humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions in patients with acute viral myocarditis.	sera of 177 patients with acute myocarditis (10 coxsackie b 3/4, four influenza, four mumps, 15 cytomegalovirus, 144 undefined) were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for autoantibodies against heart and skeletal muscle and vital or air-dried adult cardiocytes. antibody-dependent cytolysis, lymphocytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular lymphocytotoxicity were assessed using viral adult rat cardiocytes as target cells. muscle-specific anti-sarcolemmal antibodies of the anti-myolemmal typ ...	1982	6288291
role of antiviral antibodies in resistance against coxsackievirus b3 infection: interaction between preexisting antibodies and an interferon inducer.	an experimental model of coxsackievirus b3 infection in newborn mice was utilized to examine the protective role of antiviral antibodies and an interferon inducer, polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid [poly(i:c)]. subcutaneous administration to the infected mice of specific antiviral antibodies resulted in significant protection against coxsackievirus b3 infection. antibody-treated animals had shortened viremia, early clearance of virus from tissues, and a reduced mortality rate. dose response t ...	1982	6288570
[polyradiculoneuritis with concomitant arrhythmia caused by coxsackie b virus].		1982	6289535
coxsackie b virus infections in new zealand patients with cardiac and non-cardiac diseases.	from 1979 to 1981, a total of 910 cardiac patients and 776 noncardiac patients were studied and compared for evidence of coxsackie b virus infections. of 78 cardiac patients with coxsackie b infection, 30 had pleurodynia, 18 myocarditis, and 20 pericarditis. the age-adjusted rates of infection per 100 cases of defined category were 7.2, 13.3, and 7.0, respectively. of 69 noncardiac patients with coxsackie b infection, 27 presented with pyrexia of unknown origin, 14 with upper respiratory tract i ...	1983	6302218
a study of school children who had identified virus infections of the central nervous system during infancy.	forty-nine children who had a virus infection of the central nervous system (cns) when under 1 year of age were studied. one child had died during the initial illness and three of the survivors were severely disabled. the other survivors, more than 5 years after the initial illness, were all attending normal schools. these 45 children, together with 45 matched controls, were examined. we confirm the findings of other studies that virus infections of the cns in infancy may cause severe disabiliti ...	1983	6303619
coxsackie b virus infection in coronary care unit patients.	it has been suggested that coxsackie b virus infections may play a part in causing or triggering myocardial infarction. this study was designed to compare the incidence of such infections in coronary care unit patients and normal controls. the choice of a suitable criterion for diagnosis of coxsackie infection is discussed fully. two hundred and fifty admissions to a coronary care unit and 100 control subjects had a serum sample tested by microneutralisation for coxsackie b antibodies. the incid ...	1983	6304150
human skin fibroblasts are nonpermissive to coxsackie b4 infection: an age-dependent phenomenon.	human skin fibroblasts were previously shown to be resistant to coxsackie b4 virus infection. we have cultured fibroblasts from skin and lung tissues of donors of various ages. by a novel method for direct assay of virus absorption and penetration, we have shown that skin fibroblasts from young fetuses are susceptible to coxsackie b4 infection, whereas those from older fetuses, children and adults are not and that this refractoriness is caused by a tissue-specific block to virus penetration.	1983	6305870
tests for coxsackie b virus-specific igm.		1983	6306096
coxsackie b infection in a general medical unit.	from january 1979 until december 1980, neutralizing antibody titres to coxsackie b1-6 viruses were measured in sera from 220 patients presenting to a general medical unit, the majority of whom had chest pain. no four-fold or greater rises in antibody titre were detected in these hospital patients. however, 49 per cent had titres of greater than or equal to 256 to one or more coxsackie b virus types compared with 10 per cent of the 950 persons studied during a 'normal population' survey in the we ...	1983	6306762
cellular immune mechanisms in coxsackievirus group b, type 3 induced myocarditis in balb/c mice.	coxsackie b viruses are a common cause of viral myocarditis in humans. a murine model of the human disease has been developed using coxsackievirus group b, type 3 and inbred balb/c mice. infection of t lymphocyte deficient mice does not result in significant myocarditis indicating the importance of t cells in this disease. the virus can be isolated from the hearts of t cell deficient and normal mice in equal concentrations. virus elimination presumably is mediated by virus specific neutralizing ...	1983	6307010
two cases of coxsackie b2 infection in neonates: clinical, virological, and epidemiological aspects.	two cases of neonatal coxsackie virus b2 infection are described. one infant presented with meningitis and enteritis, the other with rhinitis, meningoencephalitis, and enteritis. both infants made good recoveries. the virus infection could also be demonstrated in all nonimmune family members, most of whom gave a history of recent mild febrile disease (pharyngitis, diarrhea). enterovirus infections may be suspected in cases of neonatal meningitis or myocarditis associated with gastrointestinal si ...	1983	6307701
eclipse of coxsackievirus infectivity: the restrictive event for a non-fusing myogenic cell line.	coxsackieviruses a2, a5 and b3 did not replicate in l8cl3-u cells (a non-fusing variant of the rat l8 myogenic cell line) although these cells possessed a common receptor for coxsackieviruses a2 and a5, and a different receptor for coxsackievirus b3. the restriction in replication was identified as a block in viral eclipse, since 6 m-licl treatment permitted recovery of the coxsackievirus a2 inoculum from l8cl3-u cells after 2 h at 37 degrees c, and the cells could be transfected by viral rna. c ...	1983	6308134
variation in virulence of coxsackie virus b3 in the hearts of mice. i. comparison of mortality and virus growth in the heart and other organs.	virulence of coxsackie virus b3 (cb3) was compared in mice between strain sk-74 isolated from a patient and strain t-70 isolated from a healthy child as well as between prototype strain nancy and its mouse-passaged derivative strain pmh. strain sk-74 showed a high mortality (40-80%), while strain t-70 did not induce deaths in mice (mortality: 0%). strain pmh showed a high mortality (65-85%), but strain nancy did not cause deaths in the mice. in agreement with the mortality trend, virus titers in ...	1983	6308400
experimental coxsackie b viral myocarditis in cynomolgus monkeys.	in 11 of 13 cynomolgus monkeys inoculated with coxsackievirus b3 and/or b4, myocarditis was proved histologically. myocarditis was evident the first 10 days after inoculation and left chronic sequelae; moderate myocardial cellular hypertrophy with an increase of connective tissue with focal distribution, and some residual inflammatory foci were found 5 months after viral inoculation. virus was recovered from the heart on the 4th day but not on the 10th day, while serum neutralizing antibody rose ...	1983	6298479
a survey of enteric viruses in domestic sewage.	in this second study (1979-1981) of the viral content of sewage we have demonstrated the presence of poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in laval and montreal. several strains of poliovirus types 2 and 3 were nonvaccinal. this is in contrast with our first study (1977-1978) in which only type 1 poliovirus isolates were nonvaccinal. coxsackievirus types b-3, b-4, and b-5 and echovirus types 1, 7, and 11 were also isolated from sewage. interestingly, these isolations coincided with reports of isolation o ...	1983	6299493
temperature-sensitive mutant of coxsackievirus b3 establishes resistance in neonatal mice that protects them during adolescence against coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis.	inoculation of neonatal cd-1 mice by multiple routes with an amyocarditic temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant (ts 1) derived from a myocarditic parent variant of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3(m)) resulted in approximately half of the neonates surviving to adolescence. challenge of the ts 1 survivors with cvb3(m) did not induce myocarditis, as assessed by histological examination of heart tissues. virus was not detected in heart tissues of adolescent ts 1 survivors, but inoculation of these mice with cvb ...	1983	6299950
diversity within a human isolate of coxsackie b4: relationship to viral-induced diabetes.	the ability of different strains of a single virus type to produce different pathogenic expressions is well documented within the picornavirus group. coxsackievirus, group b, type 4 (cb4) has been associated with viral-induced diabetes in man, but expression of its potential to induce diabetes in experimental animals is variable. evidence is presented here for one of the primary sources of this variability that could explain resulting contradictory reports offered in support or rejection of its ...	1983	6300315
isolation and characterization of a membrane-bound population of group b coxsackieviruses.	hela cells infected with several group b coxsackieviruses contain a previously undetected, virus-specific ribonucleoprotein particle which we designated membrane-bound virion (mbv). mbvs of b5 virus have a pronounced polygonal appearance and are slightly smaller than virions. the particles sediment more slowly (at about 107s) and have a lower buoyant density (about 1.30). they contain 35s virion rna; only three, and not four, capsid proteins; and at least seven additional proteins with apparent ...	1983	6300437
preliminary characterization of coxsackievirus b3 temperature-sensitive mutants.	prototype temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of a coxsackievirus b3 parent virus capable of replication to similar levels at 34 or 39.5 degrees c were examined for the nature of the temperature-sensitive event restricting replication in hela cells at 39.5 degrees c. the ts mutant prototypes represented three different non-overlapping complementation groups. the ts1 mutant (complementation group iii) synthesized less than 1% of the infectious genomic rna synthesized by the coxsackievirus b3 paren ...	1983	6300445
myalgic encephalomyelitis--report of an epidemic.	the relationship between the group b coxsackieviruses and a wide variety of illnesses, particularly pleurodynia and myo/pericarditis, is already well established. the detection of raised levels of neutralizing antibody to these viruses in a group of patients in a rural practice presenting with an illness resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis (me) was therefore unexpected. this is a most distressing and debilitating illness for the patient and the affected family. what is the immunological failure ...	1983	6310104
variation in virulence of coxsackie virus b3 in the heart of mice, ii. pathological comparison.	histopathological analysis of the heart in adult mice inoculated with coxsackie virus b3 (cb3) strains revealed that strain sk-74 isolated from a patient suffering from severe diarrhea and fever produced severe myocarditis but strain t-70 isolated from a healthy child induced no lesion in the hearts of mice tested, and that intensities of myocardial lesions in mice inoculated with strain pmh were higher than those in mice inoculated with prototype strain nancy. the results support the conclusion ...	1983	6310354
haemolytic uraemic syndrome: evidence of multiple viral infections in a cluster of ten cases.	during july 1979, ten patients were admitted to the hospital with bloody diarrhoea followed by manifestations of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus): acute microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, intravascular coagulopathy, and impaired renal function. ages ranged from 13 months to 58 yr, with only two patients more than 5 yr old. in a household that included seven children born to three sisters who married three brothers, six children required hospitalization for bloody diarrhoea and four developed ...	1983	6311967
monoclonal antibodies that inhibit attachment of group b coxsackieviruses.	hybridoma cell lines that secrete monoclonal antibodies which react with hela cell surface antigens were produced. the monoclonal antibodies prevented cytopathic effects caused by coxsackievirus b1 and significantly reduced the amounts of coxsackieviruses b1, b5, and b6 that absorb to hela cells. these antibodies did not protect the cells from poliovirus cytopathic effects, and they had no effect on the attachment of other picornaviruses to hela cells.	1983	6312109
cross antigenicity among enteroviruses as revealed by immunoblot technique.	antigenic relationships of various human and two animal picornaviruses were investigated by the immunoblotting ("western blot") technique. the viruses included all coxsackievirus b types (1-6), poliovirus types 1-3, several strains of echovirus 11, emc virus, and fmdv. antisera included human sera and sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with either purified picornaviruses, viral structural polypeptides (vp8), boiled or "sample-boiled" virions. group-specific reactions of various extent were observe ...	1983	6312682
coxsackie b virus antibodies in myocardial infarction.	evidence for the association between coxsackie b virus infections and myocardial infarction was studied in a prospective follow-up examination. using the micro neutralization test, 9 (15%) of 59 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 1 (2.6%) of 38 control patients showed a fourfold, or higher, antibody increase in paired serum samples against coxsackie b1-5 viruses. this difference is significant (p less than or equal to 0.05). none of the patients or controls revealed symptoms of a vira ...	1983	6312770
neutralizing antibodies against coxsackie b viruses in patients with recent onset of type i diabetes.	in a search for coxsackie b virus-induced, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) we examined sera from 166 selected patients (age 1-17 years) with recent onset of iddm for specific neutralizing antibodies. all 166 patients investigated had a clinical history of recent infectious illness. eighty per cent of the patients had antibodies against at least one coxsackie b virus type. but even among the children studied with antibody titers higher than 256 only in about 44% could a recent coxsacki ...	1983	6313373
the development of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: two contrasting presentations.	genetic, immunological and viral factors have been implicated in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. the development of type 1 diabetes in two siblings of patients with type 1 diabetes studied as part of a large epidemiological study, is described. one case, a 13-year-old male not sharing either hla haplotype with his diabetic sister, had virtually normal glucose tolerance 80 days before symptomatic presentation. he showed serological evidence of infection by coxsackie cb4 (at diagnosis) a ...	1983	6313459
the role of t lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of coxsackie virus b3 heart disease.	myocarditis in athymic balb/c-nu/nu (nu/nu) mice infected with coxsackie virus b3 was studied to determine whether inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration was produced by transfer of spleen cells ob balb/c-nu/+ (nu/+) mice infected with the same virus. in addition, spleen cells of uninfected nu/+mice were transferred into athymic nu/nu mice infected with coxsackie virus b3. athymic nu/nu mice infected with coxsackie virus b3 after transfer of spleen cells of nu/+ mice infected with the same v ...	1983	6315043
a long-term follow-up study of acute viral and idiopathic myocarditis.	in order to clarify the prognosis of myocarditis and the relationship between myocarditis and idiopathic cardiomyopathy, 20 patients with myocarditis (one with coxsackie b; one with rubella and 18 with idiopathic myocarditis) were followed up for a long period using echocardiography and holter electrocardiographic monitoring. the follow-up period was 49.1 +/- 39.3 months (mean +/- sd). subjects were classified into the following 4 groups according to their prognoses, left ventricular end-diastol ...	1983	6315985
[differential diagnosis of myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and chronic ischemic heart disease].	a total of 108 patients with myocarditis and cardiomyopathies and 25 with chronic coronary disease (ccd) were investigated. the most informative diagnostic criteria were identified for the differentiation between noncoronarogenic myocardial disease (nmd) and ccd. bicycle ergometry was positive in all ccd patients, whereas in those with nmd it was negative or had to be discontinued because of fatigue. nmd was associated with increased activity of transaminases, ldh and its isonenzymes (first and ...	1983	6316018
the role of immunoglobulins in amniotic fluid growth inhibition of bacteroides fragilis, herpes simplex, coxsackie b 5 and cytomegalovirus.	in serum and amniotic fluid (af) from 30 pregnant women, antibodies against the anaerobe bacteroides fragilis were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the results were compared with those of previously performed tests of b. fragilis growth inhibition by af. the neutralizing effects of serum and af against herpes simplex virus (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and coxsackie b 5 virus were also investigated, and antibody titres were determined by elisa. no correlation could be d ...	1983	6316121
viruses in the pathogenesis of type i diabetes.		1983	6317287
myocarditis in siblings leading to chronic heart failure.	two brothers, aged 7 and 9, presented 4 years apart with progressive heart failure following a probable viral infection. electrocardiograms of both showed widespread precordial q waves. cardiac catheterization in each case revealed almost equal right atrial, right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures and poorer contraction of the right than left ventricle. high neutralizing antibody titres to coxsackie b4 virus were found in the siblings and their mother. widespread post-myocarditic scarri ...	1983	6317392
antidiabetic treatment and coxsackie virus in diabetes.		1983	6317551
specificity of igm antibodies in acute human coxsackievirus b infections, analysed by indirect solid phase enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot technique.	the specificity of the igm response in acute human coxsackievirus b infections was examined by indirect solid phase enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot techniques. igm antibodies detected by elisa were either strictly type-specific, type-predominant or group-reactive to coxsackieviruses b-1 to b-5. homotypic and type-dominant responses were clearly correlated with the serotype isolated from the patient. analysis of elisa antigens by sds-gel electrophoresis, protein transfer and subsequent immunode ...	1983	6185632
heterogeneity of a human isolate of coxsackie b4: biological differences.	evidence is presented to demonstrate existence of virion heterogeneity within the human isolate, edwards, of coxsackievirus b4 (cb4-edw). three virion types (e1, e2 and e3) were cloned by repeated plaque purification of cb4-edw and then all were compared relative to their effects on the pancreas of mice during acute infection. seventy-two hours post-infection blood glucose, plasma amylase and insulin levels were monitored in mice of the swr/j strain (previously classified susceptible to other di ...	1983	6193205
type-specific and cross-reactive antigenicity of capsid proteins vp1 and vp2 of echovirus type 7.	after disruption of echovirus type 7 virions with urea and heat, vp1 and vp2 were separated by isoelectric focusing in urea-containing sucrose gradients. antisera to these two polypeptides were produced in guinea pigs. in complement fixation, antiserum to vp1 reacted with native and heated virions (n and h antigens, respectively) of homologous virus, and also cross-reacted with heated virions of some other enteroviruses used. antiserum to vp2 was reactive only with heated virions of homologous a ...	1983	6199652
alterations in coxsackievirus b4 heart muscle disease in icr swiss mice by anti-thymocyte serum.	coxsackievirus b4 (cb4) infection in infant icr swiss mice induces synchronous peaks in both virus titres and pathologic changes in the heart. among surviving mice, transmural necrosis is followed by fibrosis and ventricular aneurysm. rabbit antimouse thymocyte serum (ats) was given before cb4 infection to determine the effects of thymus-dependent functions upon the course of disease. the mortality in ats-treated mice was 75.9% (65 of 83 mice died) compared to 21.3% (16 of 75 mice died) in norma ...	1983	6296300
coxsackie-b-virus-specific igm responses in children with insulin-dependent (juvenile-onset; type i) diabetes mellitus.	coxsackie b1-6 virus igm responses were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 11 of 28 (39%) children aged 3-14 years in whom insulin-dependent (juvenile onset; type i) diabetes mellitus (iddm) developed in 1982. 5 patients had a homotypic response to coxsackie b4 and 1 had a homotypic response to b5. a serum sample had been obtained from each patient 2 to 16 weeks after onset of iddm symptoms. islet-cell cytoplasmic antibodies (igg) and complement fixing islet cell antibod ...	1983	6134178
insulin-dependent diabetes: a possible viral disease.	the available information regarding the possible relevance of viruses in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes is reviewed. experimental studies in animals, clinical cases, histopathologic findings as well as epidemiologic and family studies provide circumstantial evidence that at least some cases of the disease are triggered by infection. moreover, since it is widely accepted that autoimmunity plays a key role in diabetogenesis, the possible relationship between viruses and the inducti ...	1983	6100819
[the kinetics of coxsackie b virus interaction with natural clay minerals].		1983	6101073
levamisole exacerbates coxsackievirus b3-induced murine myocarditis.	levamisole administration to several strains of adolescent mice at the time of or up to 4 days post-inoculation (p.i.) with a myocarditic variant of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3m) increased the number of myocarditic lesions above that found in cvb3m-inoculated mice. virus replication in heart tissues in vivo was not affected by levamisole administration to the mice, nor was production of neutralizing antibody to cvb3m. lymphocytes from nodes of virus-inoculated mice treated with levamisole at 2 days ...	1983	6309663
experimental coxackievirus b 1 infection in immunologically altered mice.	the patterns of response to coxackievirus b1 infection were studied in intragastrically infected mice differing with respect to their state of immunity. it is shown that coxsackie-viral infection of mice with lymphocytopenia elicited by pretreatment with lymphocyte-specific antiserum resulted in higher virus titres, longer virus persistence and more accentuated histologic changes in the parenchyma of target organs than seen in a control group of infected mice. on the other hand, in mice infected ...	1983	6309957
differences in cytolytic t cell response of balb/c mice infected with myocarditic and non-myocarditic strains of coxsackievirus group b, type 3.	two strains of coxsackie b-3 virus, indistinguishable by neutralization with acute mouse antiserum to coxsackie b-3 group virus, differ markedly in pathogenicity. one strain induces extensive mononuclear cell infiltration and necrosis in the heart, and 92% of the infected animals die by day 10 after infection. inflammation, cardiac damage, and mortality are reduced in mice infected with the nonmyocarditic virus. peak virus replication occurs on day 3 with both viruses. virus concentrations decre ...	1983	6301994
[changes in the membrane fluidity of human neutrophilic granulocytes under the effect of a chemoattractant (fmlp) and of echo virus, type 9, a. barty strain].	preincubation of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) with different concentrations of echo virus, type 9, strain a. barty results in viral dose- and time-dependent inhibition of chemotactic cellular response to chemoattractant (n-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine = fmlp). in the present experiments, by means of biophysical methods using excimer forming lipids (pyrendecanoic acid) the influence of fmlp and echo 9 virus on membrane fluidity of pmns was investigated. it is shown that the inc ...	1983	6412297
analysis of the directed and nondirected movement of human granulocytes: influence of temperature and echo 9 virus on n-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine-induced chemokinesis and chemotaxis.	the directed movement of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) in a plane (zigmond chamber assay) is described by a statistical model. we demonstrate that (a) the movement of a single cell is a superposition of a directed and a random movement, and (b) the degree of orientation, p1, of moving cells in a chemotactic gradient can be determined either by the time average of a single cell or by the average of movement of multiple cells at a fixed time (ergoden hypothesis). however, an homogeneous ...	1983	6853601
inability of counterimmunoelectrophoresis to detect echovirus in cerebrospinal fluid.	methods for rapid detection of viral antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) are needed to aid in the differentiation of viral from bacterial meningitis. the formation of precipitin bands in patients with suspect viral meningitis utilizing viral antisera in a counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) system has been described. to investigate further the possible value of cie in the diagnosis of viral meningitis, the specificity of the csf precipitin bands was studied. precipitin bands were formed between ...	1983	6881103
[an epidemic of echovirus 33 infection in brittany].		1983	6881860
epidemiological studies on echovirus type 18 infection in toyama prefecture.	echovirus type 18 (echo 18) was isolated from six aseptic meningitis children in fukumitsu-machi, toyama prefecture, from july to august, 1980. this was the first virologically-confirmed epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echo 18 in japan. epidemiological studies on the prevalence of this virus among the inhabitants in toyama prefecture were also performed. the results are summarized as follows. (1) significant increases in neutralizing antibody titers against echo 18 were observed in all the ...	1983	6888292
[sensitive virologic evaluation in suspected meningitis: study of a radioimmunotest for the detection of igm antibodies against echo 9 and echo 11 viruses].	the majority of viral meningitis cases is known to be due to echo virus infections on one hand, and mumps on the other. while the latter can be diagnosed by igm antibody detection from one serum sample in the acute stage, diagnosis of enterovirus infections is by virus isolation and typing. an igm-antibody test for echo 9 and 11 viruses is presented to evaluate the possibility of rapid serological diagnosis of echo virus meningitis cases. 36 cases from five local outbreaks due to echo 6, 9, 11, ...	1983	6612271
epidemic of meningitis and febrile illness in neonates caused by echo type 11 virus in philadelphia.	between april and november, 1980, an outbreak of meningitis and of febrile illness of neonates caused by echo 11 virus occurred in philadelphia and surrounding communities. thirty-eight virologically confirmed and ten virologically presumptive cases of meningitis were hospitalized in two philadelphia hospitals for children. most patients had fever and irritability. vomiting, upper respiratory symptoms and poor feeding were present in one-third to one-half of the cases. seventy-five percent of ca ...	1983	6634464
myopericarditis associated with echo virus type 3 infection--a case report.	a case with myopericarditis caused by type 3 echo virus was reported. the diagnosis was based on a significantly increased hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer (from 4:6 to 4:516) against type 3 echo virus in the acute and the convalescent phase. a 29-year-old male was hospitalized for chest pain and fever. the patient had congestive heart failure, pericardial effusion and temporarily appearing abnormal q waves on his electrocardiogram in the acute phase all of which gradually improved wit ...	1983	6645036
[risk of intrauterine infection of the human fetus with coxsackie viruses in pregnancy complicated by late toxicosis and pyelonephritis].	during virological examinations of 144 pregnant women including 85 women with complicated course of pregnancy coxsackie a viruses were isolated from the blood or identified in the cells of urinary tracts in 60.3% of the cases of nephropathy, in 68.3% of the pregnant women with pyelonephritis, and in 8.5% of normal subjects. the groups of the pregnant women under comparison did not differ significantly in the rate of finding of other viruses. coxsackie a viruses were also isolated from the placen ...	1983	6322456
[a serological monitoring of coxsackie b virus].		1983	6327042
immunopathology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. the demonstration of coxsackie group b viral antigen in the myocardium.	immunopathologic studies were performed on heart tissue of patients with acute rheumatic fever with carditis and chronic rheumatic heart disease. coxsackie group b viral antigen was demonstrated in 3 heart specimens of patients clinically compatible with active rheumatic fever. in two of these the pathologic findings were compatible with acute rheumatic carditis. immunoglobulin was detected in 2 and complement in one of these heart specimens. all of the chronic rheumatic heart specimens and the ...	1983	6088158
poliovirus and echovirus survival in tetrahymena pyriformis culture in vivo.	axenic cultures of tetrahymena pyriformis, strain i mt iv, grown in a defined medium at room temperature, were used to study interactions of these protozoa with vaccination strain l sc 2ab of poliovirus type 1, vaccination strain p 712 of poliovirus type 2 and with type 30 echovirus, strain 480/78. t. pyriformis cultures in media containing 10(3.0) tcd50/1 ml of type poliovirus, 10(3.0) tcd50/1 ml of type 2 poliovirus or 10(2.5) tcd50/1 ml echovirus 30 and in virus-free medium did not differ one ...	1984	6088623
replicase gene of coxsackievirus b3.	a cdna copy covering two-thirds of the coxsackievirus b3 genome was cloned in the psti site of the pbr322 vector. a nucleotide sequence containing the gene for the viral replicase and the 3' noncoding region of the coxsackievirus b3 genome was determined. the predicted amino acid sequence of the coxsackievirus b3 replicase was shown to be remarkably similar to that of the poliovirus 1 replicase. the 3' noncoding region, in contrast, was only weakly homologous to the poliovirus 1 sequence but sho ...	1984	6088796
coxsackievirus b3 persistence and myocarditis in nfr nu/nu and +/nu mice.	nfr nude (nu/nu) and euthymic (+/nu) littermates were infected with coxsackievirus b3 (cbv-3) and assayed for virus persistence in the heart, pancreas and spleen, for development of myocarditis and for antibody production. the virus grew to higher titer and persisted longer in hearts of nu/nu mice. in both types of mice there was comparable myocarditis with a mononuclear cell inflammatory response, and there was some evidence of chronic lesions for up to 21 days in +/nu and 28 days in nu/nu mice ...	1984	6088960
influence of diabetes mellitus heredity on susceptibility to coxsackievirus b4.	using the criteria of virus susceptibility as defined by the 50 percent lethal dose response and the percent cumulative mortality response it was shown that the diabetic mutation db, located on chromosome 4, exerted a particular influence on the host response to cb4 challenge. neither the yellow obese mutation ay on chromosome 2 nor the misty coat color mutation located one centimorgan from the db mutation had the same effect on cb4 response. the obese diabetic mutation ob located on chromosome ...	1984	6089704
[viral lesions of the heart].		1984	6089715
epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory features of coxsackie b1-b5 infections in the united states, 1970-79.	in the period 1970 through 1979, the coxsackie b1, b2, b3, b4, and b5 viruses constituted 24 percent of more than 18,000 enteroviruses isolated and reported through national surveillance. young children, especially males, were most frequently affected: 48 percent of the national surveillance population were less than 5 years of age, including 30 percent who were less than 1 year old. among the most frequently reported clinical syndromes associated with b infection were meningitis (in 56 percent ...	1984	6091168
diabetes heredity and disease: effects on humoral immunity and virus infection.		1984	6091612
cardiac injury in myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus group b, type 3 in balb/c mice is mediated by lyt 2 + cytolytic lymphocytes.	male balb/c mice inoculated with a heart-adapted variant of coxsackievirus, group b, type 3 (cvb3) develop severe myocarditis 7 days later. the lesions are characterized by mononuclear cell inflammation and myocyte necrosis. infected t-lymphocyte-deficient mice show either minimal or no cardiac injury, although virus concentrations in the hearts of t-cell-deficient and -sufficient animals are similar. adoptive transfer of 2 x 10(6) cvb3 immune thy 1+ cells into cvb3-infected t-cell-deficient mic ...	1984	6091924
elimination of some enteroviruses in the excrements of experimentally infected rats (rattus norvegicus) and gulls (larus ridibundus).	young rats of both sexes, weight 150-170 g, the first laboratory progeny of captured wild parent pairs, were used throughout this experiment. rats in two experimental groups comprising a total of 34 animals were infected orally with type 2 poliovirus vaccine strain given in each group at doses of 500, 5000 or 50,000 tcd50. in the first experiment, the presence of poliovirus in rat excrements was detectable irregularly till day 13, in the second experiment till day 2 after infection. small quanti ...	1984	6092458
characterization and myocarditic capabilities of coxsackievirus b3 variants in selected mouse strains.	two variants of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) were compared with the original myocarditic parent variant (cvb3m) for myocarditic properties in several strains of mice. the ts1r variant produced little to no myocarditis in any of the nine mouse strains examined. the ts10r variant and cvb3m could be differentiated on the basis of the extent of myocarditis induced in mice of selected h-2b and h-2k haplotypes and in the female versus the male responses of two other inbred strains. virus quantities recove ...	1984	6092681
experimental coxsackie b3 virus myocarditis in golden hamsters. ii. evaluation of left ventricular function in intact in situ heart 14 months after inoculation.	the hemodynamic changes of the left ventricle (lv) of golden hamsters surviving for 14 months after acute coxsackie b3 virus myocarditis were assessed with the use of a high fidelity micromanometer pressure system. of 25 infected hamsters, 10 survived to the 14th month, and 4 of these had cardiomegaly. body weight (bw) was 150.0 +/- 20.7 g (mean +/- sd) (controls, 164.5 +/- 20.1 g, ns); heart weight (hw), 0.499 +/- 0.084 g (controls, 0.448 +/- 0.035 g, ns); and hw/bw, 3.39 +/- 0.79 x 10(-3) (con ...	1984	6092735
[lesions of the vascular tract of the eye (uveitis) caused by enteroviruses in man and monkeys].	strains of poliomyelitis, echo-11 and coxsackie a7 viruses have first been shown to produce uveitis and keratouveitis in javan macaca and green monkeys inoculated intraocularly. the most marked clinical picture of the eye affection in monkeys (keratoleukoma and opacity of the anterior chamber humor, edema and hyperemia of the iris, significant changes in the iris colour, development of posterior synechias, marked dilation of the pupil to 5-7 mm, no pupil reaction to light) was observed after ino ...	1984	6093386
[characteristics of enterovirus infection in cultures of human and mouse hybrid cells].	lines of human-mouse hybrid cells susceptible to infection with poliomyelitis types i, ii, iii, echo type 1 and 12, and coxsackie a7 viruses have been derived. the presence in the hybrid cells of 2 and 3 genomes of the nonpermissive cell partner (mouse) was shown not to inhibit enterovirus reproduction. hybrid cultures differed in their sensitivity to the mutagenic action of poliomyelitis virus. there was no correlation between poliomyelitis virus yield and the number of chromosome breaks in hyb ...	1984	6093387
myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.	with more widespread application of emb techniques, a significant percentage of iccm patients have been found to have lymphocytic myocarditis on biopsy. it is now appreciated that patients with myocarditis may also present with isolated abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic function, dysrhythmias, and/or complaints of chest discomfort with normal coronary angiograms. epidemiologic and serologic data incriminate a viral etiology underlying many cases of acute myocarditis and iccm. although ...	1984	6093491
elution of enteric viruses from mississippi estuarine sediments with lecithin-supplemented eluents.	isoelectric casein supplemented with lecithin was tested for its ability to recover enteric viruses from estuarine sediments of varied sand, silt, and clay composition. recoveries were higher when lecithin was incorporated into an eluent as compared with trials with only the casein solution. semipurified soybean lecithin (3%) allowed the highest overall recovery of virus from all sediments tested; crude soybean lecithin produced the lowest recovery. a difference in the percentage of virus able t ...	1984	6093692
agarose isoelectrofocusing of intact virions.	a convenient and accurate method for determining the isoelectric points of intact virions is described. tritium-labeled poliovirus 1 (strains brunhilde and lsc-2) and echovirus 1 (isolates v239, v248, v212, r115 and 4ch-1) were successfully focused into sharp bands at their respective isoelectric points using a thin-layer agarose isoelectric focusing system. in situ detection of labeled virus bands in the agarose was by fluorography. freezing and thawing of virus samples prior to isoelectric foc ...	1984	6094606
a study of coxsackie b virus infections, 1972-1983.	the results of a twelve-year study of coxsackie b virus (cbv) infections in patients with a variety of acute and chronic illnesses are reported. cbvs were isolated from only 123 patients most of whom were children with respiratory illness. virus diagnosis in adults was based mainly on the detection of significant rising or static high neutralizing antibody titres. between 1972 and 1979 most investigations centred on patients with suspected viral heart disease, 12% of whom were found to have diag ...	1984	6094660
reverse radioimmunoassays of igm and igg antibodies to coxsackie b viruses in patients with acute myopericarditis.	a reverse radioimmunoassay (ria) of antibodies to enteroviruses, previously developed for the detection of igm antibodies to coxsackie b1 (cb1) and b3 (cb3) and to echo 11 (e11) and 30 (e30) viruses, was extended in the present study for the detection of igm antibodies to coxsackie b2 (cb2), b4 (cb4), and b5 (cb5) viruses and of igg antibodies to cb1-cb5, e11, and e30 viruses. after standardisation of the assays and application to a collection of serum specimens from patients with proven enterov ...	1984	6094719
murine forebrain anomalies induced by coxsackievirus b3 variants.	neonatal or 7-day-old mice inoculated intracranially with either of two temperature-sensitive mutants (ts1, ts6) or the parent coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) subsequently developed porencephaly or hydranencephaly. the forebrain anomaly induced depended upon age of the animal at inoculation and virus variant inoculated. sections of brains from hydranencephalic mice revealed severe meningeal reactions, necrotizing encephalitis, and liquifactive necrosis in the cerebrum. no pathology was found in the pon ...	1984	6096503
[possible relations between viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (congestive)].		1984	6096936
[retrospective study of coxsackie b virus infections and congestive cardiomyopathy].	thirty patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (c.c.) have been studied for the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to coxsackie b viruses in comparison with age and sex matched controls. seropositivity toward each antigen was similar in cases and controls: an exception was coxsackie b5 virus, where a significantly seropositivity was found in the control group. as a whole, high antibody titers to any antigen were observed more frequently on sera of cardiopathic patients; however the difference ...	1984	6097290
[myocarditis caused by coxsackie b viruses in adults].	two hundred and thirty-eight patients with a clinical and electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocarditis and two control groups were examined for virus-neutralizing antibodies against coxsackie b1-6 viruses. serological evidence for preceding coxsackie infection was demonstrated by 40.9% of myocarditis and in 29.3% of myopericarditis patients. coxsackie b2 and b4 viruses were the most prevalent. the patients manifested a significant increase in the antibody titer as compared with the control grou ...	1984	6098043
[coxsackie b4 virus murine myocarditis].		1984	6098385