Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| differential interaction of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains with ferret alveolar macrophages: possible role in pathogenicity. | the ferret provides a unique model for the study of human influenza. the interaction between alveolar macrophages and virus strains with different levels of virulence was examined in vitro. the greater virulence of wild-type a strains over type b and c viruses was reflected in the higher production of infectious virus progeny and subsequent cytopathology, even though the expression of viral antigens was equivalent for all strains tested. these included a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) and a/rochester/1/8 ... | 1990 | 2181032 |
| a 36 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the ns1 gene of an influenza a virus rna segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype. | previously a spontaneous 36 nucleotide deletion in the coding region of ns1 was detected in the ns gene of a reassortant virus (cr43-3) recovered from a dual infection by the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) mutant and wild-type (wt) influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2). the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and ns genes were derived from the wild type virus parent while the other 5 genes were derived from the ca parent. the cr43-3 reassortant virus exhibited: (i) a host range (hr) phenotype, i ... | 1990 | 2138396 |
| analysis of influenza a virus temperature-sensitive mutants with mutations in rna segment 8. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza virus strain a/udorn/72 (h3n2 subtype) with lesions in rna segment 8 exhibited intrasegmental complementation, and were divided in two complementation groups (h1 and h2) on mdck cells. the nucleotide sequence of segment 8 was determined for three of these mutants. the h1 strains, icr1629 and spc45, have a single amino acid substitution in the coding region of the non-structural protein ns1, whereas the h2 strain, icr516, has a substitution in the n ... | 1990 | 2141068 |
| comparison of live attenuated cold-adapted and avian-human influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant virus vaccines in infants and children. | randomized, placebo-controlled studies with 10(3)-10(7) 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (tcid50) of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant viruses were completed in 106 seronegative young children 6-48 months of age. although the reassortants differed in six of eight rna segments, they exhibited similar properties in level of attenuation, infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. the 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.6) tcid50 for ah and 10(4.4) fo ... | 1990 | 2197335 |
| sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a virus infections in clinical specimens. | samples of nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) from 100 infants and small children admitted for acute respiratory disease during the period from january to march 1989 were examined for the presence of influenza a virus. all samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), fluorescent antibody (fa) technique and by isolation in cell culture 3-6 h after they were obtained from the patients. of 24 influenza strains found by isolation, 21 were detected by eia and 19 were fa+. in comparison with virus iso ... | 1990 | 2203125 |
| primary structure of the gene coding for the haemagglutinin of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80(h3n2): detection of a point mutation responsible for the antigenic drift. | primary structure of the gene coding for haemagglutinin (ha-gene) of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80(h2n2) isolated during the epidemics of influenza in leningrad in 1980 was determined. the close relationship of ha gene of this virus to the corresponding gene of the virus a/bangkok/1/79(h3n2) was confirmed. it was shown that a single mutation in an antigenic site (the change from isoleucine to leucine at position 51 of ha1 gene) caused an antigenic drift. one silent mutation was detected (nu ... | 1990 | 1980394 |
| influenza virus detection in clinical specimens. | the authors compared the results of influenza a (h1n1) and influenza a (h3n2) virus detection in nasopharyngeal swabs from flu patients by molecular hybridization (mh), elisa, virus isolation and seroconversion. using the immunofluorescence (if) technique influenza virus was detected in cell suspensions from the first chick embryo passage. altogether 63 swabs from various epidemic seasons were separated into 3 groups according to specimen sampling and storage. it was shown that influenza virus r ... | 1990 | 1981455 |
| single amino acid residues in a synthetic peptide of influenza haemagglutinin, ha 1 177-199, distinguish i-ad- and i-ed-restricted t-cell epitopes. | a majority of iad-restricted, cd4+ t-cell clones, derived from balb/c mice infected with x31 (h3n2) influenza virus and specific for the ha 1 subunit of the viral haemagglutinin (ha), has previously been shown to recognize the synthetic peptide ha 1 177-199, corresponding to the primary amino acid sequence of a major antibody binding site. here it is demonstrated that both i-ad- and i-ed-restricted t-cell clones recognize ha 1 177-199, and that inter- and intra-allelic differences in iad-restric ... | 1990 | 1693908 |
| [the ts phenotype of reisolates from children inoculated with live cold-adapted influenza vaccine type a]. | using mutants of fowl plague virus (frv) which have single temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in some genes, an analysis was carried out on reisolates from children of 3-6 years, vaccinated with a monovaccine from recombinant strains of influenza type a virus. the recombinants were obtained by crossing of current epidemic strains of subtypes a (hini) and a (h3n2) with the cold-adapted (xa) ts-donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) from which they, as a rule, inherited 5 ts-mutations ... | 1990 | 1697128 |
| [various approaches to designing the functionally active determinants as illustrated by the influenza virus a(h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | hexapeptide lys-gly-pro-asp-ser-gly analogous to the immunodominant fragment 141-146 of the epitope a of the influenza virus a(h3n2) hemagglutinin is synthesized. conjugated with thyroglobulin and hemocyanine, the hexapeptide induced formation of highly specific antibodies with heterolytic properties in cba mice. antihexapeptide antibodies interact not only with the homologous antigen but also with hemagglutinin and influenza virus. choice of the hexapeptide sequence is discussed. | 1990 | 1700716 |
| [studies of the adaptation of influenza viruses to lowered temperatures of replication. ii. studies in vivo]. | swiss white mice were given intranasally suspension of influenza a virus (h3n2) isolated at different period of time and replicated in lowered temperatures in 11 days old chicken embryos. the presence of antigen in lung of animals was detected by if. they were given the virus replicated at 30 degrees c at different rate depending on strain tested. no distinct differences were observed in haemagglutination inhibition antibody level. on the other hand the level of neuraminidase activity inhibiting ... | 1990 | 1964991 |
| influenza a (h3n2) component of recommended vaccine induces antibody to current virus. | 1990 | 1967480 | |
| cellular events in the lymph node and lung of mice with influenza. consequences of depleting cd4+ t cells. | the cellularity of the mediastinal lymph nodes of mice infected intranasally with a high dose of an h3n2 influenza a virus increases massively within 5 days. all classes of lymphocytes are involved. a similar, but much smaller, expansion in cell numbers occurs after exposure to a comparable dilution of normal chick allantoic fluid. in the control group, this increase in lymph node size is totally prevented by the in vivo depletion of cd4+ t cells whereas there is only a 50% reduction in the viru ... | 1990 | 1692070 |
| [differences in the structure of the hemagglutinin gene in variants of the influenza a (h3n2) virus, differing in immunogenic activity]. | 1990 | 1706067 | |
| [comparative study of parenteral and oral immunization against influenza in a large clinical trial. 2. results of immunologic studies]. | in a multicentric trial 350 persons (19-24 years) were immunized with influenza vaccines containing the following virus antigens: a/singapore/6/86, (h1n1); a/mississippi/1/85, (h3n2); b/ann arbor/1/86. 174 received an i.m. injection of 0.5 ml "influmun" vaccine from ssw dresden/gdr. 176 persons were immunized twice within 60 days with enteric-wated capsules each containing approximately 60 micrograms hemagglutinin of all three virus strains. the volunteers were clinically observed in an interval ... | 1990 | 1706903 |
| studies on the adaptation of influenza virus replicated at low temperature. iii. biochemical studies. | five strains of influenza viruses a(h3n2) replicated at low temperature passaged in cotton rats were reisolated. the properties of these strains replicated at low temperature were compared before and after passage in susceptible animals to check the stability of some its markers. at the same time original viruses replicated at 37 degrees c--which are different in epidemiological potency--were compared. the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titers, heat inactivation na and ha, mi ... | 1990 | 1715640 |
| [surveillance of acute respiratory diseases in the 1988/1989 season in czechoslovakia]. | the authors submit an analysis of results of surveillance of acute respiratory diseases during the 1988/1989 season in the cssr. the influenza epidemic took place between the 4th and 11th calendar week with a peak in the 7th week. during the epidemic 19.7% of the population in the csr contracted the disease. the influenza epidemic was preceded by a high incidence of infections caused by a respiratory syncytia virus. as to the aetiology, influenza viruses subtypes a/h1n1/, a/h3n2/ and type b part ... | 1990 | 2144473 |
| emergence and possible transmission of amantadine-resistant viruses during nursing home outbreaks of influenza a (h3n2). | outbreaks of influenza a (h3n2, a/shanghai/11/87-like) occurred in two partially (60% and 79%) vaccinated nursing home populations in january 1988. a retrospective cohort study using chart review was designed to assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination and amantadine prophylaxis (100 mg per day) in controlling the outbreaks and to determine the amantadine susceptibility of influenza viruses isolated from case-patients. the point estimate of vaccine efficacy in preventing influenza-like ... | 1991 | 1951297 |
| recovery of drug-resistant influenza a virus during therapeutic use of rimantadine. | the therapeutic activity of rimantadine and its relationship to the shedding of drug-resistant influenza a virus were assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving patients with laboratory-documented influenza a virus (h3n2 subtype) illness of 2 days' duration or less. in a family-based study, rimantadine treatment for 10 days (24 children and adults) was associated with significant decreases in the number of days to a 50% reduction in symptoms (mean difference, 2 ... | 1991 | 1952841 |
| [new sites in the hemagglutinin composition of epidemic variants of the influenza virus a (h3n2) from 1989-1990]. | immunological analysis of the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of newly isolated variants of influenza (h3n2) virus carried out using monoclonal and monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic sites of hemagglutinin showed the 1989-1990 isolates to be markedly different in their antigenic properties from the variants isolated in previous years. sites with new antigenic properties were determined in hemagglutinin of the isolates. wide variability was found in the region of three immunodom ... | 1991 | 1725076 |
| molecular evidence for a role of domestic ducks in the introduction of avian h3 influenza viruses to pigs in southern china, where the a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) strain emerged. | the haemagglutinins (has) of five h3 influenza a viruses isolated from domestic ducks and one from a goose in southern china were analysed antigenically and genetically. the patterns of reactivity of two of the duck viruses and the goose virus with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to 10 different epitopes on the h3 ha were similar to those of influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks and pigs, as well as those of the earliest human h3 viruses. the other three isolates from domestic ducks were d ... | 1991 | 1875195 |
| inhibition of influenza a virus hemagglutinin and induction of interferon by synthetic sialylated glycoconjugates. | multivalent forms of neoglycoproteins and polyacrylamides containing sialic acid were prepared and shown to be potent inhibitors of influenza a virus (h3n2) hemagglutinin with chick red blood cells. the synthetic sialylated glycoconjugates, although they were neuraminidase substrates, did not suppress viral neuraminidase and did not reduce infectivities in chick embryos. the copolyacrylamide conjugate containing a spacer group of approximately 11 a (1 a = 0.1 nm) between the polymer backbone and ... | 1991 | 1711409 |
| characterization of the attenuating m and np gene segments of the avian influenza a/mallard/78 virus during in vitro production of avian-human reassortant vaccine viruses and after replication in humans and primates. | a unique requirement for live attenuated reassortant influenza vaccines is the need to generate new reassortant vaccine viruses with the appearance of each new antigenic variant. thus, the attenuation phenotype conferred by the attenuated donor influenza virus must remain genetically stable during the generation of each new reassortant vaccine virus. in this study we used nucleotide sequence analysis to evaluate the genetic stability of the attenuating m and np genes of the avian influenza a/mal ... | 1991 | 1897305 |
| [the heterogeneity of an influenza virus a population due to differences at individual hemagglutinin h3 sites]. | using monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein of various influenza virus strains, the populations of long-passaged strain a/hong kong/1/68 and of recently isolated strain a/sparrow/ukraine/83 belonging to the h3n2 serovariant were shown to have subpopulations of virions differing in the structure of antigenic sites of hemagglutinin and in nucleoprotein domain which correlated with the degree of electrostatic interaction of virions with an ion-exchanger. the results of the study ... | 1991 | 1715627 |
| use of monoclonal anti-haemagglutinin antibodies for the "in vitro" selection of a sequential influenza virus antigenic variant. | a sequential antigenic variant of the a/texas/77 (h3n2) influenza virus was obtained in vitro using a monoclonal antibody against the haemagglutinin (ha) of the antigenic variant v18 previously selected in vitro from the parental texas virus. the sequential antigenic variant, designated dv1, the v18 antigenic variant and the parental a/texas/77 viruses were used to evaluate the frequency of anti-haemagglutinin antibodies in human sera in single radial haemolysis assays. twenty six of 100 childre ... | 1991 | 1717311 |
| rapid detection of type a influenza viruses with monoclonal antibodies to the m protein (m1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the m protein (m1) were used in the development of direct detection systems for type a influenza viruses in clinical specimens. optimal detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was achieved when mabs were used as capture antibodies and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used as sandwich antibodies. detection by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay required amplification of the virus. direct detection in clinical specimens (nasopharyngeal aspirates) was ac ... | 1991 | 1774253 |
| [a comparative study of the inoculation properties of live recombinant and inactivated influenza vaccines made from strain a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) in 8- to 15-year-old children]. | this study was carried out to compare reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines prepared from influenza a/philippines/2/82-like virus strains. schoolchildren of a boarding school of moscow were randomly divided into three groups: (1) vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine, (2) vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine, and (3) given placebo. both vaccines were well tolerated by the children, with practically no severe general or loc ... | 1991 | 1803766 |
| the herald waves of influenza virus infections detected in sendai and yamagata cities in 1985-1990. | the community surveillance of respiratory virus infections performed during 1985-1987 in sendai and 1988-1990 in yamagata has identified a total of five herald waves of influenza virus infections: a/h3n2 virus infections in 1985 and 1989, a/h1n1 virus infections in 1986 and 1988, and type b virus infections in 1989. to investigate the antigenic and genetic relationships between the herald wave and epidemic strains, influenza a/h1n1 viruses isolated during the 1986 and 1988 herald waves were comp ... | 1991 | 1943849 |
| cross-protection against influenza a virus infection by passively transferred respiratory tract iga antibodies to different hemagglutinin molecules. | mice that were intranasally immunized with different influenza a virus hemagglutinins (ha), derived from pr8 (h1n1), a/yamagata (h1n1) or a/fukuoka (h3n2) virus, together with cholera toxin b subunit as an adjuvant, were examined for protection against pr8 infection; pr8 ha and a/yamagata ha immunization conferred complete protection, while a/fukuoka ha immunization failed to confer protection. in parallel with protection, pr8 ha-, a/yamagata ha-, and a/fukuoka ha-immunized mice produced a high, ... | 1991 | 1646112 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza a and b in human sera collected from five ecological zones in nigeria. | the prevalence of antibodies to the haemagglutinins of two influenza a subtype, h1n1 and h3n2 and influenza b in sera collected from 1986 to 1988 from persons of different ages and from 10 locations in 5 ecological zones of nigeria was determined. the levels of influenza antibodies in the sera varies with age and ecological zones of the country. a total of 1,022 sera were tested, of which 732 (71.6%) were positive for influenza antibodies. the prevalence of antibodies at titre 1:10 varied betwee ... | 1991 | 1804870 |
| [the evolutionary characteristics of an influenza epidemic in a large urban center (b.) of romania between 1988 and 1990]. | the report presents the peculiar characteristics of influenza epidemics in a big urban centre (b.) of romania, between 1988 and 1990, surveyed by clinical, epidemiological and laboratory methods. among the peculiarities of the epidemics: the low rate of endemic morbidity, the seasonal and preseasonal peaks, the very high implication of infantile population in influenza a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b virus circulation, as well as the high level of mass specific humoral protection against these viruses. e ... | 1991 | 1814431 |
| isolation and characterization of egg yolk antibodies igy from hens immunized with different influenza virus strains. | a comparison of two precipitation methods of igy from normal hen eggs was made. for method i the precipitation agent is represented by peg 6000, and for method ii by organic solvents. the comparative study of some parameters (protein concentration, ovalbumin content, presence of non-specific inhibitors, paa-gel electrophoresis) shows that method i is more efficient and more convenient than method ii. using this method, we isolated and characterized igy preparations from hens immunized with circu ... | 1991 | 1821163 |
| nosocomial influenza in a general hospital for indigent patients. | surveillance of influenza virus infections was maintained on the medical and pediatric wards of a general hospital serving indigent patients of harris county, texas during the winter of 1987-88. influenza a/sichuan/2/87(h3n2) was the predominant virus during the community epidemic. influenza a(h3n2) virus was isolated from six of 17 adult patients (35%) suspected to have nosocomial infections; two of these patients died of fulminating pneumonia. another patient, admitted with alcoholism and hema ... | 1991 | 1824284 |
| intragenic suppression of a deletion mutation of the nonstructural gene of an influenza a virus. | the influenza a/alaska/77 (h3n2) virus mutant 143-1 is temperature sensitive (ts) due to a spontaneous in-frame 36-nucleotide deletion in the nonstructural (ns) gene segment, which leads to a 12-amino-acid deletion in the ns1 protein. in addition, it has a small-plaque phenotype on mdck cell monolayers. however, phenotypically revertant (i.e., ts+) viruses were isolated readily following replication of the 143-1 virus both in vitro and in vivo. in order to determine the genetic mechanism by whic ... | 1991 | 1830112 |
| [the antigenic characteristics of influenza a viral strains circulating synchronously in 2 separated areas (the czsfr--saint petersburg)]. | a comparative study of the antigenic characteristics of influenza a (h1n1) and a (h3n2) virus strains isolated during the same epidemic season, 1989-1990, in st. petersburg and czsfr was carried out by routine serological methods and by cross-challenge of immunized mice. antigenic differences were found only among serosubtype a (h1n1) strains isolated in different areas. the study was carried out in connection with potential occurrence of influenza epidemic outbreaks from local sources. | 1991 | 1838452 |
| [serological investigation of influenza type a and b in university students, brazil]. | wide serological prevalence of influenza a and b was verified by the serological survey covering 200 students of the university of s. paulo during the 1984-1985 period. the humoral antibodies were detected by the single radial haemolysis technique, whose arithmetic titres averages were greater for both subtypes, (h1n1) and (h3n2) of the influenza a virus strains recently isolated from the population. however, the situation of this type b virus was not the same as that of type a seeing that the b ... | 1991 | 1843236 |
| [a comparative study of monoclonal and monospecific antibodies in determining the immunodominant antigenic sites of influenza virus a (h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | comparative studies of monospecific (msa) and monoclonal (mca) antibodies showed msa to detect three non-overlapping immunodominant sites on the surface of hemagglutinin (ha) molecule whereas mca established more subtle differences in ha antigenic structure on the level of epitopes with different immunological significance. the activity of msa and mca differed in various tests. while mca were more active in hi and eia tests, msa had a higher neutralizing activity, reducing the infectious virus t ... | 1991 | 1858361 |
| [a comparative study of the protective properties of live recombinant and inactivated influenza vaccines made from strain a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) in 8- to 15-year-old children]. | a limited controlled comparative study for the evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of live recombinant and inactivated virion vaccines from a/philippines/2/82-like strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus was carried out in schoolchildren of 8 to 15 years of age. during the influenza epidemic of 1987-1988 caused by influenza a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2)-like strains and by influenza b virus in 8.2-17% of cases, a statistically significant efficacy index for live influenza vaccine was 1.8 for the labo ... | 1991 | 1803767 |
| [the effect of different factors on the reproduction of influenza viruses and reassortants in cell cultures]. | the influence of the maintenance medium, polyethylene glycol (peg), deae-dextran, and low temperature on reproduction of influenza a, b, and c viruses and their reassortants in diploid and continuous cell cultures was determined. lowering of ph in the maintenance medium to 6.5 was found to decrease reproduction of influenza a (h1n1) and a (h3n2) viruses and increase that of influenza b viruses. treatment of cells with peg solution increased the yield of influenza b and c but not a viruses. howev ... | 1991 | 1803770 |
| [interepidemic influenza in bulgaria based on laboratory research data]. | during the interepidemic periods of 34 years (1955-1988) the national influenza centre of bulgaria with the aid of 11 supporting stations investigated a total of 27240 nasopharyngeal washings and 42530 paired sera of patients with acute respiratory diseases. eighty strains of subtype a (h1n1) influenza virus, 60 strains of subtype a (h2n2), 148 strains of subtype a (h3n2), 3 strains of subtype a (heg2, neg2), 2 strains of subtype a (hsw1n1), 14 strains of type b, and 6 strains of type c were iso ... | 1991 | 1803771 |
| replication of avian influenza viruses in humans. | volunteers inoculated with avian influenza viruses belonging to subtypes currently circulating in humans (h1n1 and h3n2) were largely refractory to infection. however 11 out of 40 volunteers inoculated with the avian subtypes, h4n8, h6n1, and h10n7, shed virus and had mild clinical symptoms: they did not produce a detectable antibody response. this was presumably because virus multiplication was limited and insufficient to stimulate a detectable primary immune response. avian influenza viruses c ... | 1991 | 1863223 |
| correlation of amino acid residues in the m1 and m2 proteins of influenza virus with high yielding properties. | the ability of influenza a viruses to replicate to high titer in the allantoic sac of the chicken embryo has been mapped to the matrix protein gene (rna 7). because influenza a/wsn/33 (h1n1) virus grows poorly in this host but contains a matrix protein gene with a sequence similar to sequences from viruses that grow well in eggs, we derived a single gene reassortant containing only the m gene from a/wsn/33 (h1n1) in a background of the other 7 rna segments from a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) (a low y ... | 1991 | 1867007 |
| [rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infections from nasopharyngeal secretions]. | since virus isolation consumes a lot of work and time, and virus specific antibodies are not detectable before several days after the onset of illness we developed an enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the detection of influenza a and influenza b virus antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (nps). this test permits antigen detection within four hours. this elisa was tested with 119 nps from children, most of these between 1-12 years old. virus isolation in mdck-cells served as control. a total of 67 in ... | 1991 | 1870599 |
| the a/mallard/6750/78 avian-human, but not the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted, influenza a/kawasaki/86 (h1n1) reassortant virus vaccine retains partial virulence for infants and children. | characteristics of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/kawasaki/9/86 (h1n1) reassortant vaccine viruses were compared in 37 seronegative adults and 122 seronegative infants and children. the 50% human infectious dose (hid50) in infants and children was 10(2.9) and 10(2.6) tcid50 for the ah and ca vaccine, respectively. the ah influenza a/kawasaki/9/86 reassortant was reactogenic: 24% of infants and children infected with greater than or equal to 100 hid50 had fever greater than or ... | 1991 | 2019751 |
| programmed antigenic stimulation: kinetics of the immune response to challenge infections of mice primed with influenza inactivated whole virus or neuraminidase vaccine. | mice were immunized with either inactivated whole virus influenza a (h3n2) virus (wv) vaccine or with purified n2 neuraminidase (na) vaccine then challenged with mouse-adapted homologous infective virus at intervals of 1-141 days later in order to ascertain the optimal vaccine-infection interval for induction of resistance to subsequent infection. measured by serological or infection suppressing response, this interval was 15 days for both vaccines. maximal reduction in pulmonary virus replicati ... | 1991 | 1872017 |
| [the selection of cold-adapted variants of the influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2 and their antigenic and genetic characteristics]. | as a result of serial passages (42 passages) at low temperatures (26 degrees--28 degrees c) of two influenza h1n1 and h3n2 virus strains stable cold-adapted (ca) variants were produced. investigations of them showed the ca a/ussr/03/84 (h1n1) variant to have ts-mutations in genes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 and the ca a/ussr/215/79 (h3n2) to have ts-mutations in genes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8. these ca-variants may be recommended as attenuation donors to be used in recombination experiments with epidemic in ... | 1991 | 1882517 |
| in elderly persons live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines do not offer an advantage over inactivated virus vaccine in inducing serum or secretory antibodies or local immunologic memory. | in a double-blind, randomized trial, 102 healthy elderly subjects were inoculated with one of four preparations: (i) intranasal bivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine containing cold-adapted a/kawasaki/86 (h1n1) and cold-adapted a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) viruses; (ii) parenteral trivalent inactivated subvirion vaccine containing a/taiwan/86 (h1n1), a/leningrad/86 (h3n2), and b/ann arbor/86 antigens; (iii) both vaccines; or (iv) placebo. to determine whether local or systemic immunization augmente ... | 1991 | 2037667 |
| superiority of live attenuated compared with inactivated influenza a virus vaccines in older, chronically ill adults. | forty-eight older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with live attenuated influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2), cr59 virus. forty-two (88 percent) cr59 virus recipients became infected with vaccine virus without adverse effects or change in mean pulmonary function even among the 29 infected recipients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. among control groups who received either monovalent or trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccines intramuscularly, ... | 1991 | 1914615 |
| clearance of influenza virus respiratory infection in mice lacking class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cd8+ t cells. | transgenic mice homozygous for a beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) gene disruption and normal mice that had been treated with a cd8-specific mab were infected intranasally with an h3n2 influenza a virus. both groups of cd8t cell-deficient mice eliminated the virus from the infected respiratory tract. potent ctl activity was detected in lung lavage populations taken from mice with intact cd8+ t cell function, with minimal levels of cytotoxicity being found for inflammatory cells obtained from the a ... | 1991 | 1919440 |
| effect of rimantadine on the immune response to influenza a infections. | the effects of rimantadine on lymphocyte responses to mitogens con-a and pha, natural killer cell activity, and the development of serum and local antibodies were studied during an epidemic outbreak of influenza a (h3n2). twenty-three families consisting of 38 adults and 46 children had a member who developed a flu-like illness and were randomly assigned to receive placebo or rimantadine either as treatment or post exposure prophylaxis. nasal washings for virus isolation and igg and iga determin ... | 1991 | 1885945 |
| influenza a(h1n1): a widening spectrum? | to study the incidence of h1n1 influenza from 1977 to 1988 in unvaccinated volunteers and the effects of continuing minor antigenic change (antigenic drift) in the virus. | 1991 | 1921782 |
| principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. vi. inactivation of the infectivity of the influenza virus by the action of beta-propiolactone. | the kinetics of inactivation of the infectivity of the influenza virus by beta-propiolactone have been studied. rate constants have been determined for inactivation of the a/leningrad/385 (h3n2) and b/leningrad/489/80 influenza virus under the action of beta-propiolactone on a virus-containing allantoic fluid and on a purified viral suspension. the data obtained allow calculation of the time required for inactivation of the influenza virus infectivity to a given extent in virus-containing soluti ... | 1991 | 1887669 |
| [the anomalous isoelectric properties of influenza virus matrix protein m1]. | the isoelectric point (pi) values of matrix protein m1 of influenza a, b, and c viruses, calculated theoretically on the basis of its primary structure, were found to be about 10.0. however, experimental pi determination by electrofocusing in ampholyte-containing polyacrylamide gel showed it to be 5.0 for m1 protein isolated from a/wsn/33 (h1n1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) viruses by mild deproteinization with nonionic detergents. this marked discrepancy between experimental and theoretical pi value ... | 1991 | 1891873 |
| involvement of the influenza a virus pb2 protein in the regulation of viral gene expression. | to determine the function(s) of the pb2 protein of influenza a virus, six temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus, each carrying a ts mutation in the pb2 gene, were analysed for virus rna and protein synthesis. one of the mutants, icrc27, exhibited unique phenotypes and was characterized in detail. at the non-permissive temperature, 40 degrees c, the accumulation of mrna for each genome segment was reduced severely, leading to delayed and reduced synthesis of viral proteins ... | 1991 | 1940863 |
| immunogenicity of trivalent subunit and split influenza vaccines (1989-90 winter season) in volunteers of different groups of age. | trivalent split or subunit influenza vaccines [a/shangai/11/87 (h3n2), a/singapore/6/86 (h1n1) and b/yamagata/16/88] recommended for the 1989-90 winter season and licensed in italy, were administered to 149 volunteers of three different age groups (elderly, middle-aged and young). antibody production was determined in pre- and postvaccination sera by haemagglutinin inhibition test and the results were evaluated as protection and response rates. the split vaccine was more immunogenic than the sub ... | 1991 | 1950094 |
| [the evaluation of the reactogenicity and immunological activity of an inactivated 3-component influenza vaccine with an elevated hemagglutinin concentration in the inoculation dosage]. | in this work the reactogenic properties and antigenic potency of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine, obtained by elution and centrifugation and containing up to 9-11 micrograms of hemagglutinin for influenza viruses a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) and up to 14 micrograms for influenza virus b, were studied. the reactogenicity of the preparation was found to correspond to the regulations. the immunogenic potency characteristics of individual batches of this trivaccine were higher than the immunogenicity ... | 1991 | 1950267 |
| distinct glycoprotein inhibitors of influenza a virus in different animal sera. | normal horse and guinea pig sera contain the glycoprotein inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin, which inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza a viruses of the h2 and h3 subtypes. in the current study, the presence of inhibitors of influenza a virus in pig and rabbit sera was investigated. variants of influenza virus type a/los angeles/2/87(h3n2) that were resistant to horse, pig, or rabbit serum were isolated. analysis of the variant viruses with anti-hemagglutinin (ha) mo ... | 1991 | 1702161 |
| influenza virus rna in the lung and lymphoid tissue of immunologically intact and cd4-depleted mice. | the distribution and clearance of viral rna (vrna) and mrna has been analysed for the acute and recovery stages of the pneumonia induced by intranasal infection of c57bl/6j mice with h3n2 influenza a viruses. amplification of viral genomic material by the polymerase chain reaction showed that the influenza haemagglutinin (ha) gene was eliminated from the lungs of immunologically intact mice by day 14 post-infection, whereas in vitro depletion of the cd4+ t cells delayed clearance by at most 4 da ... | 1991 | 1677414 |
| [the strain-specific diagnosis of influenza by using lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis based on monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of the influenza a virus]. | nine monoclonal antibodies (mca) to hemagglutinin of influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus and 5 mca to influenza a/mississippi/1/85 (h3n2) virus were generated and characterized. the mca were used for the development of diagnostic test systems on the basis of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. the same mca were used as primary and detecting antibodies in the test system specific for ha of the h1 serosubtype, whereas in the test system specific for influenza a serosubtype h3 virus mca of different ... | 1991 | 1724583 |
| conservation of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies against the separated subunits of influenza hemagglutinin among type a viruses of the same and different subtypes. | monoclonal antibodies raised against the separated hemagglutinin subunits (ha1 and ha2) of influenza a/vic/3/75 (h3n2) virus were tested against a large panel of human and avian strains. the epitopes recognized by most antibodies were conserved among subtype h3 viruses, but reactivity of some antibodies with members of other subtypes was also observed. particularly, the h4 virus reacted with most antibodies directed against the ha2 subunit. these results are discussed in terms of sequence simila ... | 1991 | 1705790 |
| a dominant idiotype in the antibody response against the influenza virus hemagglutinin. serum and in situ analyses. | py206 is an id associated with a balb/c murine mab described as being specific for the influenza a virus hemagglutinin. however, production of this id by balb/c mice immunized with influenza is low. this report shows that the py206 id is a dominant component of the anti-influenza antibody response in c57bl/6j strain mice infected intranasally with the influenza a/hong kong/168/(h3n2)[r] x-31 virus. high py206 id expression was linked to the ighb ig allotype locus. py206 id+ antibody-forming cell ... | 1991 | 1993846 |
| homotypic and heterotypic protection against influenza virus infection in mice by recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the haemagglutinin or nucleoprotein of influenza virus. | recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the influenza virus haemagglutinin (ha) or nucleoprotein (np) genes from a/sw/hong kong/1/74 (h1n1) under the control of a hybrid promoter containing the p7.5 early promoter element and promoter of the gene encoding the major protein of cowpox virus a type inclusion body was constructed to investigate protective immunity against homologous and heterologous viruses in mice. these recombinant vaccinia viruses produced authentic influenza virus ha and np in inf ... | 1991 | 2005435 |
| genetic relationship between the ha genes of type a influenza viruses isolated in off-seasons and later epidemic seasons. | from january 1985 to march 1989, off-season viruses of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes of influenza a viruses were isolated on five occasions in japan. the ha gene sequences of the influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) viruses isolated in japan from 1985-9 were analysed and the phylogenetic tree for each subtype virus was constructed to determine any genetic relationship between viruses isolated in off-seasons and the epidemic viruses of the following influenza seasons. in one instance with h1n1 viruses in 1986 ... | 1991 | 2019304 |
| complement is activated in the upper respiratory tract during influenza virus infection. | the purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether complement is activated in the upper respiratory tract during experimental influenza virus infection in human volunteers. seven subjects were challenged with influenza a/bethesda/1/85 (h3n2), and four subjects received placebo. c3a and c5a concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in nasal lavage fluids before challenge and for 8 days after challenge. a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in c3a and c5a concentrations was demons ... | 1991 | 2024815 |
| influenza in senescent mice: impaired cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity is correlated with prolonged infection. | influenza and pneumonia are leading causes of death in the elderly. cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity is responsible for viral clearance after infection and declines with age. we hypothesized that following intranasal infection with influenza virus, aged mice would have decreased anti-influenza cytotoxic t-lymphocyte activity that would correlate with prolonged pulmonary viral shedding. to test this, young (1.5-4.0 month) and aged (22-25 month) balb/c mice were infected intranasally with influenza ... | 1991 | 2037313 |
| measurement of igm responses to a subunit influenza a vaccine by sucrose-gradient centrifugation and membrane-filtration enzyme immunoassays. | igm responses to a deoxycholate-split influenza vaccine containing the surface antigens of the h3n2 virus a/philippines/2/82 were studied in five volunteers, three of whom were seronegative by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests. responses were measured by a sucrose-gradient centrifugation technique, in which igm-specific hi activity was computed as a proportion of total igm and igg-specific hi activity, and by a membrane filtration-enzyme immunoassay (mf-eia). responses could be detected in ... | 1991 | 2049172 |
| agglutination of human o erythrocytes by influenza a(h1n1) viruses freshly isolated from patients. | the hemagglutinin titers of 10 influenza a (h1n1) viruses were examined using the erythrocytes of several species. human o erythrocytes showed the highest agglutination titer to the viruses, whereas chicken erythrocytes showed a low titer. these findings were noted for at least 10 passages by serial dilutions of the viruses in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. all influenza a(h1n1) viruses, plaque-cloned directly from throat-washing specimens of patients, also agglutinated human o but not ... | 1991 | 2066386 |
| age distribution of patients with medically-attended illnesses caused by sequential variants of influenza a/h1n1: comparison to age-specific infection rates, 1978-1989. | since influenza a/h1n1 viruses reappeared during the 1977-1978 season, this subtype has contributed 27% of 6,609 documented influenza infections of persons with acute respiratory disease presenting to clinics serving as surveillance sites of the influenza research center in houston for the 12-year period ending june 1989. wide differences in the distribution of h1n1 viruses occurred by age group: more than 50% of h1n1 infections were detected among persons aged 10-34 years, compared with 28% for ... | 1991 | 2000847 |
| passive transfer of local immunity to influenza virus infection by iga antibody. | secretory iga is presumed to be the mediator of mucosal immunity based on many studies that show a correlation between protection and secretory iga titers; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. classically, passive transfer of antibody has been used to demonstrate causality, but the passive transfer of local immunity with physiologically transported iga has not been previously reported. in this study mice were injected intravenously with polymeric iga (piga), monomeric iga ... | 1991 | 2005388 |
| evolutionary pathways of n2 neuraminidases of swine and human influenza a viruses: origin of the neuraminidase genes of two reassortants (h1n2) isolated from pigs. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase (na) genes of two reassortant (h1n2) and two h3n2 influenza a viruses isolated from pigs were determined and phylogenetic relationships between these and previously reported n2 na genes were investigated. on the basis of pairwise nucleotide sequence identity, the na genes of two reassortants, a/sw/kanagawa/2/78 and a/sw/ehime/1/80, were most closely related to those of human influenza a virus strains isolated in 1972 and the earliest availab ... | 1991 | 2005434 |
| an unusual community outbreak of influenza a. | the hong kong h3n2 subtype of influenza a virus appeared in 1968 and since then has caused epidemics of varying degrees of severity. we describe a community outbreak of influenza a h3n2 which occurred in members of a bowls club in an english rural village in late april 1989. the explosive onset, high attack rate (34/41 = 83 per cent) in those exposed, and the clinical presentation initially suggested a toxic or allergic aetiology. twenty-three persons consulted their general practitioners; befor ... | 1991 | 1958413 |
| control of influenza a outbreaks in nursing homes: amantadine as an adjunct to vaccine--washington, 1989-90. | outbreaks of influenza a virus infection can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among residents of nursing homes. surveillance for the 1991-92 influenza season indicates that the dominant circulating viruses are influenza a (1), for which amantadine hydrochloride is effective for prevention and treatment (2). this report describes the use of amantadine as an adjunct to influenza vaccine for controlling an influenza a(h3n2) outbreak that occurred in a washington nursing home during the 198 ... | 1991 | 1961174 |
| the genes associated with trans-dominance of the influenza a cold-adapted live virus vaccine. | segment 7 (m) of the cold-adapted live influenza a virus vaccine plays a primary role in the ability of this virus to interfere with the replication of wild-type influenza a viruses. this conclusion is based on several lines of evidence. single gene reassortant viruses derived by crossing influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) cold-adapted donor virus with an epidemic wild-type strain, a/korea/1/82 (h3n2), were tested for their ability to interfere with wild-type parental virus in the madin-darby lin ... | 1991 | 1984670 |
| influenza virus a infection induces interleukin-8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells. | to determine the role of the airway epithelial cell in mediating virus-induced inflammation, we infected primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells with human influenza type a/port chalmers/72 (h3n2). after two days, the medium was collected for measurement of the chemotactic cytokine interleukin-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the rna was extracted from the cells for analysis of interleukin-8 mrna by northern blot analysis. interleukin-8 production was more than doubled by viral ... | 1992 | 1516705 |
| protective efficacy of combined live intranasal and inactivated influenza a virus vaccines in the elderly. | to evaluate the efficacy of adding intranasal live attenuated cold-adapted influenza a vaccine to inactivated influenza vaccine to prevent influenza a in elderly residents of long-term-care institutions. | 1992 | 1530193 |
| analyzing the distribution of cells expressing mrna for t cell receptor gamma and delta chains in a virus-induced inflammatory process. | acute inflammatory processes are extremely complex, containing sets of activated cells that may be difficult to categorize. the interface between two methodologies for characterizing the involvement of gamma delta t cells, in situ hybridization to detect t cell receptor (tcr) mrna and flow cytometric analysis of surface tcr expression, is utilized here to study the pneumonia caused by intranasal (i.n.) infection of mice with influenza a viruses. substantial numbers of cells expressing mrna for t ... | 1992 | 1535834 |
| superior cross-protective effect of nasal vaccination to subcutaneous inoculation with influenza hemagglutinin vaccine. | intranasal (i.n.) vs. subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of influenza hemagglutinin (ha) vaccine was systematically compared in balb/c mice. mice were immunized with different vaccines, together with cholera toxin b subunit as an adjuvant, and 4 weeks later were challenged with either a small (2 microliters) or a large (20 microliters) volume of mouse-adapted a/guizhou-x (h3n2) virus, each of which gave virgin mice either a nasal or a lung predominant infection. both i.n. and s.c. inoculations o ... | 1992 | 1537382 |
| human influenza a (h1n2) viruses isolated from china. | reassortant influenza a viruses bearing h1 haemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase were isolated from humans in china between december 1988 and march 1989. as primary isolation of influenza a (h1n2) viruses from humans had not been reported previously, it was of interest to determine the genetic origin of these virus isolates. the haemagglutinins of the h1n2 viruses were antigenically and genetically related to those of h1 viruses isolated world-wide since 1986, and the neuraminidases of these virus ... | 1992 | 1538194 |
| immunization of infants and young children with live attenuated trivalent cold-recombinant influenza a h1n1, h3n2, and b vaccine. | seventeen triply seronegative infants and young children, and 15 infants and young children seropositive to all three influenza virus strains were vaccinated intranasally with 10(5) tcid50 of each of three (h1n1, h3n2, and b) live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine strains. seventeen controls were given placebo. vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine was not associated with adverse reactions in triply seronegative or seropositive children. overall, 12 (71%), 13 (76%), and 13 (76%) ... | 1992 | 1552202 |
| virus-specific immune response in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. | the time course of primary humoral immune response in nfs/n mice infected with the adapted influenza virus a/aichi 2/68(h3n2) was followed by determination of the different class immunoglobulins in lungs, lung washings, and in blood serum. the quantity of antibody-producing cells (apc) was estimated by local haemolysis in gel. the presence of antibodies in serum and lavage fluid was tested by the methods of radial haemolysis and radial immunodiffusion. it was shown that the local immune response ... | 1992 | 1359766 |
| pathogenicity of concurrent infection of pigs with porcine respiratory coronavirus and swine influenza virus. | combinations of porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) and either of two swine influenza viruses (h1n1 or h3n2) were administered intranasally and by aerosol to six- to eight-week-old specific pathogen-free pigs. the clinical responses, gross respiratory lesions and growth performances of these pigs were studied and compared with those of single (prcv, h1n1 or h3n2) and mock-infected animals. prcv infection caused fever, growth retardation and lung lesions, but no respiratory symptoms. infection ... | 1992 | 1334565 |
| do antigenic drift residues in influenza hemagglutinins of the h3 subtype qualify as contact sites for mhc class ii interaction? | we have previously reported that a majority of hemagglutinin-specific and class ii (ak or ad)-restricted t cell clones, elicited by natural infection with x31 virus (h3n2 subtype), focus on regions of the ha1 subunit that have featured in antigenic drift and exhibit extensive diversity in their ability to discriminate between variant viruses with amino acid substitutions in these sites. the structural basis for the loss of recognition of a major antigenic site, ha1 120-139, was investigated by ( ... | 1992 | 1358189 |
| antigenic and molecular analysis of influenza a(h3n2) virus strains isolated in 1985 in open and closed communities of northern germany. | antigenic and molecular analyses of influenza a(h3n2) virus strains isolated in 1985 during outbreaks in open and closed communities of north germany were carried out. the data obtained have shown that 11 strains isolated in a closed orphanage were antigenically similar to each other. the electrophoretic mobilities of either ha, np, m1 and ns1 polypeptides or of double stranded rna segments were indistinguishable. analysis of viruses isolated at the same time from open communities has revealed t ... | 1992 | 1359765 |
| antigenic variant of swine influenza virus causing proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in pigs. | a new antigenic variant of swine influenza virus was isolated from the lungs of pigs experiencing respiratory problems in 7 different swine herds in quebec. pigs of different ages were affected, and the main clinical signs were fever, dyspnea, and abdominal respiration. coughing was not a constant finding of the syndrome. at necropsy, macroscopic lesions included the overall appearance of pale animals, general lymphadenopathy, hepatic congestion, and consolidation of the lungs. histopathologic f ... | 1992 | 1333815 |
| comparison of different approaches to measuring influenza a virus-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibodies in the presence of serum inhibitors. | the a/los angeles/2/87 (h3n2) (a/la/2/87) virus is sensitive to inhibitors of hemagglutination present in certain human sera. it was found that the effect of these inhibitors could be removed by treating sera with high-concentration receptor-destroying enzyme or trypsin-periodate or by using inhibitor-resistant viruses in the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) test. inhibitor-resistant viruses were not effective for detecting rises in antibody titers in the sera of volunteers infected with the a/ ... | 1992 | 1572989 |
| amino acid sequence identity between the ha1 of influenza a (h3n2) viruses grown in mammalian and primary chick kidney cells. | primary isolation of type a influenza (h3n2) virus in mammalian madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells results in a virus with haemagglutinin (ha) identical to that of the virus replicating in the infected individual, whereas similar isolation of virus in the embryonated egg results in the selection of variants with amino acid substitutions in the globular head region of the ha molecule. to determine whether other mammalian and avian host cells routinely used in laboratory isolation of influenza ... | 1992 | 1588320 |
| impact of influenza virus infection as a cause of pediatric hospitalization. | from winter 1989 to spring 1990, a severe epidemic caused by influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses developed in japan. during the epidemic (december 1989 to february 1990), 244 children were admitted to the pediatric ward of nippon kokan hospital: 53 (21.7%) were hospitalized with influenza virus infection, 22 (9.0%) with rotavirus gastroenteritis, and 17 (7.0%) with respiratory syncytial virus infection. among those with influenza, 24 had type a and 29 had type b. most were young healthy children wi ... | 1992 | 1730904 |
| a novel particulate influenza vaccine induces long-term and broad-based immunity in mice after oral immunization. | the immunogenicity of a novel particulate oral influenza vaccine was examined in terms of antibody response and protection in mice. oral immunization with chicken erythrocytes (crbc) adsorbed with gamma-irradiated influenza a virus induced high levels of immunoglobulin g antibodies and protection in the lung compared with gamma-irradiated virus administered alone or crbc. immunoglobulin a antibodies were the predominant antibodies in nasal washings, and their presence did not correlate with prot ... | 1992 | 1731094 |
| anti-influenza virus effect of some propolis constituents and their analogues (esters of substituted cinnamic acids). | the antiviral activity of six synthetic substances, esters of substituted cinnamic acids, identical with or analogous to some of the constituents of the et2o fraction of propolis was studied in vitro. one of them, isopentyl ferulate, inhibited significantly the infectious activity of influenza virus a/hong kong (h3n2) in vitro and the production of hemagglutinins in ovo. by the use of diverse experimental patterns, it was found that the maximal inhibition of viral reproduction was observed when ... | 1992 | 1593279 |
| emergence and transmission of influenza a viruses resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. | amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant viruses have been recovered from approximately 30% of patients treated for acute h3n2 subtype influenza and less often from their close contacts receiving drug prophylaxis. the limited data suggest that resistant viruses can emerge rapidly during drug therapy, as early as 2-3 days into treatment. these viruses retain their resistance phenotype during multiple passages in the laboratory and appear to be genetically stable in this regard. studies in families a ... | 1992 | 1600749 |
| two distinct serum mannose-binding lectins function as beta inhibitors of influenza virus: identification of bovine serum beta inhibitor as conglutinin. | normal bovine and mouse sera contain a component, termed beta inhibitor, that inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza a viruses of the h1 and h3 subtypes. we have previously shown these beta inhibitors to be mannose-binding lectins that apparently act by binding to carbohydrate on the viral hemagglutinin, blocking access of the receptor-binding site to receptors on host cells (e. m. anders, c. a. hartley, and d. c. jackson, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 87:4485-4489, 199 ... | 1992 | 1602549 |
| origin and evolutionary characteristics of antigenic reassortant influenza a (h1n2) viruses isolated from man in china. | during the 1988/1989 influenza season, five antigenic reassortant influenza a (h1n2) viruses not previously isolated from man were isolated in hebei province, people's republic of china. all isolates contained haemagglutinins (has) and neuraminidases (nas) which were antigenically similar to those of the recent russian (h1n1) and hong kong influenza a (h3n2) viruses, respectively. the results of antigenic and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the genes encoding the polymerase, nucleopro ... | 1992 | 1607856 |
| host dependence of naturally occurring temperature-sensitive influenza a viruses and location of their genetic lesions. | naturally occurring temperature-sensitive (ts) strains have been found in large number in human influenza a viruses of all subtypes (j. virol. 41 (1982) 353). further studies have demonstrated that the ts phenotype of these viruses is host-dependent in that they are highly ts in chick embryos and chick embryonic cells, but are ts+ in mdck cells. previous studies have located by complementation tests the ts lesion of two h3n2 viruses (hk/8/68 and ningxia/01/72, also known as xia-ts) on the np gen ... | 1992 | 1626417 |
| rapid diagnosis of influenza a. comparison with elisa immunocapture and culture. | the directigen flu-a is an enzyme immunoassay for detecting in 15 min the influenza a nucleoproteinic antigen directly from specimens after passive adsorption on a cellulose membrane. the test was assessed using 160 frozen (-20 degrees c) specimens collected during the 1988-1989 a/h1n1 influenza epidemic and the 1989-1990 a/h3n2 epidemic. compared to the elisa immunocapture test, the sensitivity of the commercial test was 87.8% and the specificity was 97.6%. when compared to isolation of viruses ... | 1992 | 1634600 |
| cross-protection against influenza virus infection afforded by trivalent inactivated vaccines inoculated intranasally with cholera toxin b subunit. | cross-protection against influenza virus infection was examined in mice, immunized intranasally with a nasal site-restricted volume of inactivated vaccines together with cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) as an adjuvant. the mice were challenged with either a small or a large volume of mouse-adapted virus suspension, each of which gave virgin mice either a predominant upper or lower respiratory tract infection. a single dose of a monovalent influenza a h3n2 virus vaccine with ctb provided complete cr ... | 1992 | 1634780 |
| influenza--united states, 1989-90 and 1990-91 seasons. | during the 1989-90 influenza season, 98% of all influenza viruses isolated in the united states and reported to cdc were influenza a. almost all those that were antigenically characterized were similar to influenza a/shanghai/11/87(h3n2), a component of the 1989-90 influenza vaccine. regional and widespread influenza activity began to be reported in late december 1989, peaked in mid-january 1990, and declined rapidly through early april 1990. most of the outbreaks reported to cdc were among nurs ... | 1992 | 1635548 |
| the iga and subclass igg responses and protection in mice immunised with influenza antigens administered as iscoms, with fca, alh or as infectious virus. | comparative studies on the local iga, and circulating igg subclass antibody responses of mice to a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2) influenza virus surface antigens administered with different carrier or delivery systems by the parenteral route, were carried out. the results obtained were compared with the responses observed following live influenza virus infection, and the protection afforded to these animals by these various preparations determined. infection with live virus elicited early and high levels ... | 1992 | 1642561 |
| in situ detection of autoanti-idiotype antibody-forming cells induced by influenza virus infection. | in situ immunocytochemical-staining methods combined with computer-aided image analysis were employed to examine autoanti-idiotype antibody-forming cell expansion in vivo. autoanti-idiotype antibody-forming cells were demonstrated in the spleens of c57bl/6j (b6) strain mice intranasally infected with the influenza virus a/hong kong/168/(h3n2)[r] x-31. autoanti-idiotype b cells were detected and elevated in spleen tissues after secondary influenza infections compared to normal b6 mice, and were s ... | 1992 | 1728964 |
| alterations to influenza virus hemagglutinin cytoplasmic tail modulate virus infectivity. | the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) contains a cytoplasmic domain that consists of 10 to 11 amino acids, of which five residues have sequence identity for 10 of 13 ha subtypes. to investigate properties of these conserved residues, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was performed, using an ha cdna of influenza virus a/udorn/72 (h3n2) to substitute the conserved cysteine residues with other residues, to delete the three c-terminal conserved residues, or to remove the entire cytoplasmic domai ... | 1992 | 1309913 |
| [the therapeutic effect of aprotinin inhalations in influenza and paramyxovirus infections in mice]. | mice infected with influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus or sendai/960 paramyxovirus were treated by inhalations of aerosol aprotinin, a broad spectrum inhibitor of proteinases. a course of inhalations of finely dispersed aerosol aprotinin including 4 exposures of 35-40 min each daily for 6 days provided respiratory administration of aprotinin in a dose about 100 kallikrein-inhibiting u/mouse per day. in mice treated by aprotinin inhalations, histological examinations showed decreased pulmonary pa ... | 1992 | 1281946 |