Publications

detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in intestinal and lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) by pcr and bacterial culture.	the efficacy of bacterial culture and is900-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was compared for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from the intestinal and mesenteric lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) showing lesions of paratuberculosis (johne's disease). out of 20 (4.9%) animals showing histological lesions suggestive of paratuberculosis, 14 (70%) and 6 (30%) were positive in the pcr and bacterial culture, respectively. the results of t ...	2005	15885931
interleukin-12 subunits p35 and p40 of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) maintain high sequence homology with those of other ruminants.	the immune system of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), one of the major dairy animals of the tropics, has received little attention. cdnas encoding the two subunits of the heterodimeric interleukin (il)-12 of indian water buffalo were isolated from concanavalin a-stimulated lymphocytes. the 710-bp p35 and 1012-bp p40 subunits were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), cloned, sequenced and compared with other ruminant sequences. the il-12 p35 subunit cdna h ...	2005	15932623
characterisation of a cryptosporidium isolate from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) by sequencing of a fragment of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene (cowp).	cryptosporidium oocysts were detected using a direct immunofluorescence antibody test in the faeces of an asymptomatic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) heifer from a dairy farm close to santiago de compostela (nw spain). oocysts were morphologically indistinguishable from cryptosporidium parvum. using dna extracted from this sample and a pcr-rflp analysis of a 341 base pairs fragment of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene, a previously undescribed fragment pattern was generated. t ...	2005	15935559
the detection and pcr-based characterization of the parasites causing trypanosomiasis in water-buffalo herds in venezuela.	the usefulness of pcr-based assays for detecting trypanosomiasis in water buffaloes and other livestock was explored, under field conditions, in venezuela. the sensitivity and specificity of the assays, which were based on established primer pairs (21-mer/22-mer and ilo1264/ilo1265), were evaluated, partly by comparison with the results of parasitological tests (stained bloodsmears and microhaematocrit centrifugation) and immunological assays (ifat) run in parallel. the optimised pcr-based assay ...	2005	15949183
effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with or without hcl on blood biochemical parameters in growing male buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves.	twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age; 88.54 +/- 3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three comparable groups (i, ii and iii) on the basis of their body weight (bw) in a completely randomised design to study the effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw (aws) and hydrochloric acid treated ammoniated wheat straw (hcl-aws) on blood biochemical changes. the animals were offered a concentrate mixture (cm) along with wheat straw (ws), ammoniated wheat straw (a ...	2005	15952422
evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses and bacterial clearance in 6-10 months old water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) experimentally vaccinated with four dosages of commercial brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine.	thirty water buffalo, obtained from a brucellosis-free farm, were used to evaluate cell-mediated immune responses and bacterial clearance in response to vaccination with brucella abortus strain rb51 (rb51) in a dose-response study. the animals were randomly divided into five treatment groups. groups i--v received the recommended dose (rd) of rb51 vaccine once, rd twice 4 weeks apart, double rd once, double rd twice 4 weeks apart and saline once, respectively. cell-mediated immune response to rb5 ...	2005	15963819
effects of long-term growth hormone-releasing factor treatment on growth, feed conversion efficiency and dry matter intake in growing female buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	effects of long-term growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency (fce) and dry matter intake (dmi) were studied in growing buffaloes. twelve female murrah buffaloes of 6-8 months of age were divided into two groups of six each on the basis of their body weights so that the average body weights of the groups did not differ (p > 0.05). animals of each group were administered intravenously with either sterile distilled water (control group) or equal volum ...	2005	15972076
chromosome evolution and improved cytogenetic maps of the y chromosome in cattle, zebu, river buffalo, sheep and goat.	comparative fish-mapping among y chromosomes of cattle (bos taurus, 2n = 60, bta, submetacentric y chromosome), zebu (bos indicus, 2n = 60, bin, acrocentric y chromosome but with visible small p-arms), river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50, bbu, acrocentric y chromosome), sheep (ovis aries, 2n = 54, oar, small metacentric y chromosome) and goat (capra hircus, 2n = 60, chi, y-chromosome as in sheep) was performed to extend the existing cytogenetic maps and improve the understanding of karyotype ...	2005	15973500
freemartinism in river buffalo: clinical and cytogenetic observations.	during the last five years forty phenotypic female river buffalos with reproductive problems and two phenotypic male co-twins of females, raised in the provinces of caserta and salerno (southern italy) underwent cytogenetic investigation. of the 42 animals studied, 10 freemartins (8 females and 2 males) were found with variable percentages of male and female blood cells, the majority however showing similar percentages of both. of the eight females, six showed normal body conformation, vagina an ...	2005	15627757
enrichment of in vitro maturation medium for buffalo (bubalus bubalis) oocytes with thiol compounds: effects of cystine on glutathione synthesis and embryo development.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether enriching the oocyte in vitro maturation medium with cystine, in the presence of cysteamine, would improve the in vitro embryo production efficiency in buffalo by further increasing the gsh reservoir created by the oocyte during maturation. cumulus-oocytes complexes were matured in vitro in tcm 199 + 10% fcs, 0.5 microg/ml fsh, 5 microg/ml lh and 1 microg/ml 17beta-estradiol in the absence or presence of cysteamine (50 microm), with or without 0. ...	2006	15979699
cystic echinococcosis in water buffaloes: epidemiological survey and molecular evidence of ovine (g1) and buffalo (g3) strains.	a survey of cystic echinococcosis (ce) in the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) of the italian mediterranean breed was carried out in campania, a region of southern italy. in addition, a molecular study was performed on 48 hydatid cysts coming from 48 water buffaloes in order to determine the echinococcus granulosus strain(s) present in this host. out of a total of 722 water buffaloes examined for ce, 76 (10.5%) were found infected. the average number of cysts per buffalo was 4.3 (minimum 1, maxim ...	2006	16480832
genetic resistance to brucella abortus in the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	brucellosis is a costly disease of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis). latent infections and prolonged incubation of the pathogen limit the efficacy of programs based on the eradication of infected animals. we exploited genetic selection for disease resistance as an approach to the control of water buffalo brucellosis. we tested 231 water buffalo cows for the presence of anti-brucella abortus antibodies (by the agglutination and complement fixation tests) and the nramp1 genotype (by pcr-denaturin ...	2006	16552040
hematological and biochemical changes in water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis) infected with trypanosoma evansi.	four water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis) were each inoculated intravenously with 10(6)t. evansi (camel isolate) and the fifth calf kept as non-infected control. the blood and sera of all calves were examined every 4 days during the first month post-inoculation (pi) and then once weekly until the end of the experiment (88 days pi). they were examined for hematological and biochemical changes, liver and kidney function tests. hemoglobin concentration (hb%), packed cell volume (pcv) and red bloo ...	2006	16567045
interferon-alpha genes from bos and bubalus bubalus.	interferon-a genes were cloned from six breeds of three species of two genera (three chinese native cattle breeds of yellow cattle, wild yak and huanhu domestic yak, one european breed of holstein cow, and two water buffalo breeds of fuan water buffalo and fuzhong water buffalo) by direct pcr. the pcr products were directly inserted into the expression vector to be sequenced and expressed. sequence analysis showed that ifn-a genes of six clones were composed of 498 nucleotides, encoding a mature ...	2006	16621760
chromosomal localization, copy number assessment, and transcriptional status of bamhi repeat fractions in water buffalo bubalus bubalis.	higher eukaryotes contain a wide variety of repetitive dna, although their functions often remain unknown. we describe cloning, chromosomal localization, copy number assessment, and transcriptional status of 1378- and 673-bp repeat fractions in the buffalo genome. the pds5, representing the 1378-bp fragment, showed fish signals in the centromeric region of acrocentric chromosomes only, whereas pds4, corresponding to 673 bp, detected signals in the centromeric regions of all the chromosomes. cros ...	2006	16629593
subcutaneous pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefotaxime in buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis).	the pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefotaxime following its single subcutaneous administration (10 mg/kg) were investigated in buffalo calves. plasma and urine samples were collected over 10 and 24 h post administration, respectively. cefotaxime in plasma and urine was estimated by microbiological assay technique using e. coli as test organism. the pharmacokinetic profiles fitted one-compartment open model. the peak plasma levels of cefotaxime were 6.48 +/- 0.52 microgram/ml at 30 min an ...	2006	16645334
rapid sexing of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.	loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a novel dna amplification method that amplifies a target sequence specifically under isothermal conditions. the objective of this study was to identify a y chromosome-specific sequence in water buffalo and to establish an efficient procedure for embryo sexing by lamp. the homologues of a y chromosome-specific sequence, bovine repeat y-associated.2, in swamp and river buffalo were cloned, and designated swamp buffalo repeat y-associated.2 and river ...	2006	16672158
characterization and kinetics studies of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) myoglobin.	the colour of buffalo (bubalus bubalis l.) meat is darker than bovine meat. since meat colour depends on the concentration of myoglobin (mb) and its oxidation state, we have determined the main structural and functional properties of buffalo mb. buffalo mb was purified from longissimus dorsi muscles and its molecular mass determined by esi q-tof mass spectrometry. the molecular mass 17,034.50 was 86.20 da higher than the bovine mb. this was confirmed by analysing its primary structure, using a c ...	2006	16959515
cattle rob(1;29) originating from complex chromosome rearrangements as revealed by both banding and fish-mapping techniques.	sixteen carriers of rob(1;29) (one of which was homozygous) from six different breeds (four italian and two portuguese), two heterozygous carriers of rob(26;29), three river buffaloes and two sheep were cytogenetically investigated in this study by using banding and fish-mapping techniques (the latter only in cattle and river buffalo). single- and dual- colour fish were used with bovine probes containing both inra143 (mapping proximally to bta29) and bovine satellite (sat) dna sat i, sat iii and ...	2006	16964571
xylazine, ketamine and their combination for lumbar epidural analgesia in water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis).	the study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylazine individually (0.05 mg/kg), ketamine individually (2.5 mg/kg), and a combination of xylazine and ketamine (0.05 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg) after lumbar epidural administration in water buffalo calves. fifteen non-descript, male water buffalo calves of 6-8 months of age weighing between 55 and 75 kg were randomly placed in three groups (groups a, b and c). the agents were administered at the first lumbar epidural space. clinico-physiological pa ...	2006	16970633
organizational and expressional uniqueness of a testis-specific mrna transcript of protooncogene c-kit receptor in water buffalo bubalus bubalis.	protooncogene c-kit receptor is implicated with spermatogenesis, melanogenesis, and hematopoeisis, and undergoes tissue/stage specific alternate splicing. we have isolated 2973-bp full-length cdna sequence (cds) of this gene from testis and other tissues of water buffalo bubalus bubalis. upon comparison, the c-kit sequences showed tissue specific nucleotide changes resulting in novel truncated peptides. these peptides lacked intracellular and/or transmembrane domains in all the tissues except te ...	2006	16989573
origin of mitochondrial dna diversity of domestic yaks.	the domestication of plants and animals was extremely important anthropologically. previous studies have revealed a general tendency for populations of livestock species to include deeply divergent maternal lineages, indicating that they were domesticated in multiple, independent events from genetically discrete wild populations. however, in water buffalo, there are suggestions that a similar deep maternal bifurcation may have originated from a single population. these hypotheses have rarely bee ...	2006	16995938
effect of gender on slaughter and carcass traits in anatolian water buffalo.	this study determined the effect of gender on slaughter and carcass traits in anatolian water buffalos reared under free range conditions in turkey. sixteen four-years-old anatolian water buffalo were divided into two groups of eight males in one group and eight females in the other. the slaughter and carcass traits, carcass measurement, amount of worthy meat from each animal and phenotypic correlations among some carcass traits were determined. chilling loss, slaughter weight and hot and cold c ...	2006	17009811
sequence analysis of utr and coding region of kappa-casein gene of indian riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	in this study, complete nucleotide as well as derived amino acid sequence characterization of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) kappa-casein gene has been presented. kappa-casein cdna clones were identified and isolated from a buffalo lactating mammary gland cdna library. sequence analysis of kappa-casein cdna revealed 850 nucleotides with an open reading frame (orf) of 573 nucleotides, encoding mature peptide of 169 amino acids. the 5' untranslated region (utr) comprised 71 nucleotides, while 3' ...	2006	17076250
dgat1 and abcg2 polymorphism in indian cattle (bos indicus) and buffalo (bubalus bubalis) breeds.	indian cattle (bos indicus) and riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) give a poor yield of milk but it has a high fat and protein percentage compared to taurine cattle. the identification of qtls (quantitative trait loci) on bta14 and bta6 and its subsequent fine mapping has led to identification of two non conservative mutations affecting milk production and composition. our objective was to estimate the frequency of k232a (dgat1--diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1) and y581s (abcg2--atp binding cas ...	2006	17087837
monensin toxicosis in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	the consumption of monensin-containing feed resulted in deaths of water buffaloes from a feedlot in which cattle and buffaloes were kept together. the monensin formulation was recommended only for use in cattle. anorexia, muscular weakness, dyspnea, and recumbency were the major clinical findings. the most significant gross lesions were focal pale areas in semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles, in which segmental necrosis of myofibers was seen microscopically. to compare susceptibilities of ...	2006	17037623
novel cytogenetic finding: an unusual x;x-translocation in mehsana buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	cytogenetic investigations of a phenotypically normal mehsana river buffalo calf (bubalusbubalis) revealed an xxy chromosome complement due to x;x-translocation in all screened metaphase plates. the chromosomal anomaly was identified by gtg-banding while cbg- and rbg-banding revealed two heterochromatin blocks and that one of the two x chromosomes was late replicating, respectively. the normal cytogenetic profiles of sire, dam and relatives of the calf suggest that the anomaly could have arisen ...	2006	17065802
likelihood ratio estimation without a gold standard: a case study evaluating a brucellosis c-elisa in cattle and water buffalo of trinidad.	the likelihood ratio (lr) is a measure of association that quantifies how many more times likely a particular test result is from an infected animal compared to one that is uninfected. they are ratios of conditional probabilities and cannot be interpreted at the individual animal level without information concerning pretest probabilities. their usefulness is that they can be used to update the prior belief that the individual has the outcome of interest through a modification of bayes' theorem. ...	2006	16600408
an outbreak of buffalopox in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) dairy herds in aurangabad, india.	an outbreak of buffalopox in domestic buffaloes, with high morbidity and significant production loss, was recorded in the aurangabad district of maharashtra state in india in november 2003. the disease was also associated with several cases of human infection, particularly in milkers working with the affected herds. pox lesions were observed on the udder and teats of the majority of the affected animals, while a few animals exhibited lesions on the hindquarters, indicating possible generalised i ...	2006	17361764
[protective effects of co-immunization with sjctpi-hsp70 and interleukin-12 dna vaccines against schistosoma japonicum challenge infection in water buffalo].	to induce protective effect of co-immunization with s. japonicum triose-phosphate isomerase fused to heat shock protein 70 (sjctpi-hsp70) plasmid and interleukin-12 (il-12) dna vaccines against schistosoma japonicum (chinese strain) infection in water buffalo.	2006	17366973
cloning and characterization of novel cathelicidin cdna sequence of bubalus bubalis homologous to bos taurus cathelicidin-4.	cathelicidin synthesized by bone marrow cells plays an important role in neutralizing invading pathogens. in the present study, the myeloid cathelicidin cdna from bubalus bubalis has been cloned and characterized. rna from bone marrow of buffalo ribs was extracted, reverse transcribed and amplified using specific pair of primer designed from published cathelicidin-4 cdna sequences of bos taurus popularly known as indolicidin. an expected amplified product of 517 bp was obtained, which was cloned ...	2006	17381041
host differences in response to trickle infection with fasciola gigantica in buffalo, ongole and bali calves.	progressive weight gain, faecal egg counts, packed cell volume, percent eosinophils in blood, serum antibody and serum levels of glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were recorded in seven swamp buffalo (bubalis bubalis), 7 ongole (bos indicus) and four bali calves (bos sundiacus) which were infected orally with 15 metacercariae of fasciola gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks. similar observations were made on four buffalo, 4 ongole calves and 3 bali calves maintained fluke- ...	2006	17405628
phylogeny of trypanosoma ( megatrypanum ) theileri and related trypanosomes reveals lineages of isolates associated with artiodactyl hosts diverging on ssu and its ribosomal sequences.	ssu ribosomal sequences of trypanosomes from brazilian cattle and water buffalo were used to infer phylogenetic relationships between non-pathogenic t. theileri and allied species parasitic in artiodactyls. t. theileri trypanosomes from distinct geographical regions in brazil and from other countries were tightly clustered into the 'clade t. theileri' distant from the 't. brucei clade' of pathogenic parasites of artiodactyls, and also distinct from trypanosomes of other mammals. the existence of ...	2006	16197590
molecular characterization and prokaryotic expression of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) interleukin-6.	the study describes the characterization of interleukin-6 cdna and essential promoter sequences of the indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and expression of the recombinant il-6 in escherichia coli. buffalo il-6 shows very high nucleotide level identity of the cdna (98.7%) and promoter (98%) sequences with the corresponding cattle sequences. all the major regulatory elements of il-6 promoter like ap-1, multiple response element, nf-il6, ets binding domain and nf-kappab binding sites show abso ...	2006	16199257
changes in uterine protein secretion during luteal and follicular phases and detection of phosphatases during luteal phase of estrous cycle in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	changes in uterine proteins during different reproductive states and their functional significance though known in other species have not been established in buffaloes. an attempt has been made to unravel the changes in composition of buffalo uterine secretion with growth and regression of corpora-lutea during early, mid and late luteal and follicular phase of estrous cycle using gel filtration and electrophoresis techniques. also the phosphatases activities in luteal phase uterine secretions ha ...	2006	16213013
binucleate trophoblast giant cells in the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) placenta.	the binucleate trophoblast giant cells (bnc) of the water buffalo, bubalus bubalis, placenta were studied, with emphasis on the synthesis of bnc-specific proteins. placentomal tissues of 27 water buffalos (2-10 months of pregnancy) were processed for light and electron microscopy. the frequency of bncs was 20% of the trophoblastic cells in 2-3-month placentas and increased to 27% in the later stages. ultrastructurally, binucleate cells displayed a prominent granular endoplasmic reticulum and gol ...	2006	16240388
ear-tag retention and identification methods for extensively managed water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in trinidad.	thirty-two young domestic water buffalo were studied to evaluate ear-tag retention during an epidemiologic field trial. plastic ear-tags were placed in both ears before the start of the trial, which was implemented in an extensively managed domestic water buffalo herd of approximately 1000 animals in trinidad from 1999-2001. the presence or absence of ear-tags was recorded at the times of animal handling. the rate of ear-tag loss was modeled using a parametric survival analysis assuming an expon ...	2006	16242197
anomalous mrna levels of chromatin remodeling genes in swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) cloned embryos.	the swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is a multi-purpose animal in agriculture that is challenged by extinction due to low reproductive efficiency. nuclear transfer (nt) has been used to preserve special breeds of buffalo, as well as to increase the number of animals. however, cloned buffalo embryos have impaired development, as in other species. to understand the chromatin remodeling activities in cloned embryos and to improve nt technology, we examined the expression profiles of five genes invol ...	2006	16256185
nucleic acids and protein content in relation to growth and regression of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) corpora lutea.	information on nucleic acids and protein content of buffalo corpus luteum (cl) in relation to growth, development and regression is not available. an experiment was thus conducted to investigate the variation and relationship between nucleic acids and protein content in cl during different developmental stages and to determine the qualitative differences in protein constituents in any of these stages. buffalo corpora lutea of different developmental stages viz., developing (day 5-10, n = 16), de ...	2006	16171957
development of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos from in vitro matured oocytes reconstructed with fetal skin fibroblast cells as donor nuclei.	the present study was carried out to explore the feasibility of using buffalo fetal skin fibroblasts as donor nuclei and to find out the developmental competence of embryos following transfer of these nuclei to in vitro matured enucleated buffalo oocytes. skin cells were isolated from 1 to 2-month-old fetuses obtained from slaughterhouse, by enzymatic digestion (0.5% w/v trypsin +0.05% w/v collagenase in dulbecco's pbs) for 15-20 min. the cells were washed 4 times with dulbecco's pbs and then on ...	2006	16182475
the role of wild animal populations in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in domestic animals: how to assess the risk.	tuberculosis is present in wild animal populations in north america, europe, africa and new zealand. some wild animal populations are a source of infection for domestic livestock and humans. an understanding of the potential of each wild animal population as a reservoir of infection for domestic animals is reached by determining the nature of the disease in each wild animal species, the routes of infection for domestic species and the risk of domestic animals encountering an infectious dose. the ...	2006	16326039
comparative fish mapping of mucin 1, transmembrane (muc1) among cattle, river buffalo, sheep and goat chromosomes: comparison between bovine chromosome 3 and human chromosome 1.	four bovine bac clones (0494f01, 0069d07, 0060b06, and 0306a12) containing muc1, as confirmed by mapping muc1 on a rh3000 radiation hybrid panel, were hybridised on r-banded chromosomes of cattle (bta), river buffalo (bbu), sheep (oar) and goat (chi). muc1 was fish-mapped on bta3q13, bbu6q13, oar1p13 and chi3q13 and both chromosomes and chromosome bands were homoeologous confirming the high degree of chromosome homoeologies among bovids and adding more information on the pericentromeric regions ...	2006	16276097
histo-morphology of the uterus and early placenta of the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and comparative placentome morphology of the african buffalo and cattle (bos taurus).	differences exist in reproductive physiology between african buffalo (syncerus caffer), cattle (bos taurus) and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). the aim of this study was to histo-morphologically compare the anatomy of non-pregnant and pregnant uteri of buffalo and cattle. two non-pregnant uteri and placentae of six pregnant african buffalo were used. early placentome formation (fetal crown rump length (crl): 2-17.5 cm) in s. caffer and b. taurus was compared. the endometrium of buffalo uteri co ...	2006	16293303
cloning and biological characterization of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) interferon-gamma.	interferon-gamma, a major immunomodulatory cytokine, of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) was characterized at molecular level. complementary dna and essential promoter region were cloned and sequenced, and functional recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial system. the cdna has 97.8% nucleotide identity with 11-nucleotide and four-amino acid variations, and the essential promoter region has 98.4% identity with five-nucleotide variations and a four-nucleotide deletion in comparison wi ...	2006	16360017
transcriptional status of known and novel genes tagged with consensus of 33.15 repeat loci employing minisatellite-associated sequence amplification (masa) and real-time pcr in water buffalo, bubalus bubalis.	we conducted minisatellite-associated sequence amplification (masa) with an oligo (5' cacctctccacctgcc 3') based on consensus of 33.15 repeat loci using cdna from the testis, ovary, spleen, kidney, heart, liver, and lung of water buffalo bubalus bubalis and uncovered 25 amplicons of six different sizes (1,263, 846/847, 602, 576, 487, and 324 base pairs). these fragments, cloned and sequenced, were found to represent several functional, regulatory, and structural genes. blast search of all the 25 ...	2006	16405399
identification of x- and y-chromosome bearing buffalo (bubalus bubalis) sperm.	the aim of this study was to identify the difference in dna content characterizing the x- and y-chromosome bearing sperm of buffalo. sperm from six murrah buffaloes and six nili-ravi buffaloes were collected and stained with hoechst 33342 followed by flow cytometry analysis of the dna content. two symmetrical, separate but overlapping peaks presumed to be x- and y-chromosome bearing sperm were detected. the difference in fluorescence intensity, which related to the dna content, between the x- an ...	2006	16413705
increased frequencies of both chromosome abnormalities and sces in two sheep flocks exposed to high dioxin levels during pasturage.	during the past four years several livestock farms (sheep, cattle and river buffalo) in the provinces of naples and caserta (southern italy) have been unable to sell their milk and other dairy products due to the levels of dioxins (17 different types) present in the milk mass exceeding the value permitted [3 pg/g of fat, as human who 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd or dioxin) equivalent]. while some farms, especially those showing relatively low levels of dioxins, have managed to reduc ...	2006	16434450
is one-wave follicular growth during the estrous cycle a usual phenomenon in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis)?	the pattern of growth and regression of ovarian follicles was monitored once daily for one complete estrous cycle in eight individual water buffaloes by ultrasonographic scanning of the ovaries for an entire interovulatory interval of normal cycle length. one-wave follicular growth was observed in five animals and two-wave follicular growth in three buffaloes during the estrous cycle. the first follicular wave of a two-wave cycle emerged significantly earlier (p < 0.05) than the emergence of the ...	2006	16046086
buffalo (bubalus bubalis) interleukin-12: analysis of expression profiles and functional cross-reactivity with bovine system.	interleukin-12, a heterodimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine, from water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) was analyzed for its for its tissue specific expression and functionality. concanavalin a stimulated splenocytes displayed an up-regulation of the il-12 p40 subunit 8-24h post-stimulation, whereas the p35 subunit did not show any quantitative variation at different time intervals. basal level expressions of both the subunits were observed by rt-pcr in spleen. in addition p40 transcripts could be det ...	2006	16112195
serologic responses, biosafety and clearance of four dosages of brucella abortus strain rb51 in 6-10 months old water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	thirty water buffalo were obtained from a brucellosis-free farm in order to evaluate antibody responses, bacterial clearance and safety to brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine in a dose response study. the animals were randomly divided into five treatment groups. groups i-v received the recommended dose of rb51 vaccine (rd) once, rd twice 4 weeks apart, double rd once, double rd twice 4 weeks apart and saline once, respectively. antibody responses to rb51 were monitored at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 ...	2006	16112746
repeated ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval from cyclic murrah buffaloes (bubalus bubalis): oocyte recovery and quality.	the present study was undertaken to explore the potential of the murrah breed of buffaloes as donors of oocytes and to find out the recovery rate and oocyte quality in cyclic murrah buffaloes subjected to oocyte recovery once a week. murrah buffaloes (n = 5) were synchronized for estrus by a single prostaglandin injection schedule. the animals were subjected to transvaginal oocyte retrieval (tvor) once weekly for 6 weeks, starting from day 7 of the oestrous cycle (day 0 = day of oestrus). tvor w ...	2006	15913926
cross-sectional associations between intensity of animal and human infection with schistosoma japonicum in western samar province, philippines.	to estimate the association between the intensity of animal infection with schistosoma japonicum and human infection in western samar province, the philippines.	2006	16799728
physical organization of the 1.709 satellite iv dna family in bovini and tragelaphini tribes of the bovidae: sequence and chromosomal evolution.	repetitive dna in the mammalian genome is a valuable record and marker for evolution, providing information about the order and driving forces related to evolutionary events. the evolutionarily young 1.709 satellite iv dna family is present near the centromeres of many chromosomes in the bovidae. here, we isolated 1.709 satellite dna sequences from five bovidae species belonging to bovini: bos taurus (bta, cattle), bos indicus (bin, zebu), bubalus bubalis (bbu, water buffalo) and tragelaphini tr ...	2006	16825766
pathology of naturally occurring paratuberculosis in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	gross and histologic lesions of paratuberculosis were studied in water buffaloes. small intestines and associated mesenteric lymph nodes of 405 water buffaloes were examined. of these, 20 animals having visible changes of intestinal thickening, mucosal corrugations, and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes exhibited histologic alteration characteristics of mild to moderate granulomatous inflammation. the histologic lesions observed in these animals were classified into 3 grades on the basis of ...	2006	16846987
[a comparative study on isoenzymes of sarcocystis spp. from cattle and water buffaloes].	to analyze the zymogram of peroxidase (per) and phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) of three species of sarcocystis.	2006	16862907
epigenetic characteristics of cloned and in vitro-fertilized swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos.	swamp buffalos are becoming endangered due to reproductive inefficiencies. this is of concern because many countries depend heavily on their products. somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) is a potential strategy for preserving endangered species. to date, scnt in swamp buffalo has succeeded in the creation of blastocyst embryos. however, development to term of scnt swamp buffalos is extremely limited, and only 1 live birth has been reported. an abnormal epigenetic mechanism is suspected to be th ...	2006	16864866
comparative assessment of th1 and th2 cytokines of swamp type buffalo and other bubaline breeds by molecular cloning, sequencing and phylogenetics.	comparative assessment of th1 and th2 cytokines of three bubaline breeds namely swamp buffalo, its crossbreed with riverine buffalo (cb), and the improved breed of bulgarian murrah buffalo (bmb), was done by molecular cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. the th1 cytokines analyzed included il-2, il-12p35, il-12p40, and ifn-gamma while th2 cytokines included il-4 and il-10. both groups showed strict conservation in the putative secondary structures and amino acid residues within the tri ...	2006	16870267
does multiple hosts mean multiple parasites? population genetic structure of schistosoma japonicum between definitive host species.	multi-host parasites, those capable of infecting more than one species of host, are responsible for the majority of all zoonotic, emerging or persistent human and animal diseases and are considered one of the major challenges for the biomedical sciences in the 21st century. we characterized the population structure of the multi-host parasite schistosoma japonicum in relation to its definitive host species by genotyping miracidia collected from humans and domestic animals across five villages aro ...	2006	16876170
the bovine genome.	in approximately 20 years, bovine genomics has progressed from synteny mapping of protein gene products to a nearly completed 7.5x whole genome sequence. the cattle genome map serves as a prototype for genomic studies in other bovids such as goats, sheep, and river buffalo in which chromosome arms are totally conserved at the current level of cytogenetic and map comparison. cattle genomics has contributed to the discovery of genes underlying economically important phenotypes including quantitati ...	2006	18753770
aluminium contents in baked meats wrapped in aluminium foil.	in this investigation, the effect of cooking treatments (60min at 150°c, 40min at 200°c, and 20min at 250°c) on aluminium contents of meats (beef, water buffalo, mutton, chicken and turkey) baked in aluminium foil were evaluated. cooking increased the aluminium concentration of both the white and red meats. the increase was 89-378% in red meats and 76-215% in poultry. the least increase (76-115%) was observed in the samples baked for 60min at 150°c, while the highest increase (153-378%) was in s ...	2006	22063217
difference in tenderness and ph decline between water buffalo meat and beef during postmortem aging.	the objective of this research was to determine the difference in tenderness and some characteristics of water buffalo meat and beef during postmortem aging. five female crossbred water-buffalo (philippine carabao×bulgarian murrah) and five female crossbred cattle (brahman×philippine native), were finished on the same diet for 6 months and slaughtered at 30 months of age. the muscle ph was measured at 40min, 3h, 7h, 24h, and 48h postmortem. longissimus thoracis (lt) and semimembranosus (sm) musc ...	2007	22063807
mineral content of longissimus dorsi thoracis from water buffalo and zebu-influenced cattle at four comparative ages.	the longissimus dorsi thoracis (ldt) of 64 water buffalo and 68 zebu-influenced cattle was used to determine the mineral content variation (mg/100g of fresh tissue) according to species, age (7, 17, 19 and 24 months-of-age, moa) and gender (steers and bulls). buffalo ldt had higher concentrations of k, mn, fe, zn and cu at weaning (p<0.05). phosphorous content was higher (p<0.05) at post-weaning ages. mineral profile was affected by age without clear trends; the na and k contents increased at 24 ...	2007	22063805
protease activity higher in postmortem water buffalo meat than brahman beef.	we previously demonstrated that postmortem water buffalo meat had higher tenderness than brahman beef. in order to explain this difference in tenderness, the objective of the current study was to investigate the protease activity in these two meats. five female crossbred water buffalo (philippine carabao×bulgarian murrah) and five female crossbred cattle (brahman×philippine native) were slaughtered at 30months of age, followed by immediate sampling of longissimus thoracis muscle for measurement ...	2007	22061792
some qualitative and chromatic aspects of thawed buffalo (bubalus bubalis) meat.	after thawing, the meat of beef calves (italian frisian breed) and buffalo calves (mediterranean breed) slaughtered at 4, 8 and 12 months of age was examined. both the ph and the thawing loss confirmed that the meat of buffalo calves is more suitable for preservation by freezing. with increased age and time of exposure to air the lightness of the non-renewed surface was reduced. the lightness of the fresh cut surface remained stable in the various thawing phases though it was less in the older a ...	2007	22064306
effects of tiamulin, neomycin, tetracycline, fluorophenicol, penicillin g, linco-spectin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline on controlling bacterial contaminations of the river buffalo (buballus bubalis) semen.	in order to investigate the effects of tiamulin, neomycin, tetracycline, fluorophenicol, penicillin g, linco-spectin (0.15 mg ml(-1) lincomycin + 0.3 mg ml(-1) spectinomycin), erythromycin and oxytetracycline on controlling bacterial contaminations of the river buffalo semen, 120 ml diluted buffalo bull semen (diluted by tris-egg yolk extender) was divided into 5 ml tubes after initial evaluation and before (control sample) and at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after adding each of the above antibiotics a ...	2007	19090126
cleft palate in a male water buffalo calf.	congenital palatal defects are common in animals but there is only one report of water buffalo has been recorded in iran. one died male water buffalo calf was examined after hysterotomy operation. at necropsy findings, brachygnathia, palate cleft and small lungs were diagnosed. it is the second report of water buffalo cleft palate in iran.	2007	19093537
geo-referencing livestock farms as tool for studying cystic echinococcosis epidemiology in cattle and water buffaloes from southern italy.	cystic echinococcosis (ce), caused by the larval stages of the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus, is known to be one of the most important parasitic infection in livestock worldwide and one of the most widespread zoonoses known. in the present study, we used a geographical information system (gis) to study the spatial structure of livestock (cattle, water buffaloes and sheep) populations to gain a better understanding of the role of sheep as reservoir for the transmission of ce to cattle and wate ...	2007	18686260
molecular detection of leptospira species in aborted fetuses of water buffalo.		2007	17766812
characterization of smoc-1 uncovers two transcript variants showing differential tissue and age specific expression in bubalus bubalis.	secreted modular calcium binding protein-1 (smoc-1) belongs to the bm-40 family which has been implicated with tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and bone mineralization. besides its anticipated role in embryogenesis, smoc-1 has been characterized only in a few mammalian species. we made use of the consensus sequence (5' cacctctccacctgcc 3') of 33.15 repeat loci to explore the buffalo transcriptome and uncovered the smoc-1 transcript tagged with this repeat. the main objective of this study was to ...	2007	18042303
molecular identification of cryptosporidium parvum and giardia duodenalis in the italian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	livestock are commonly infected with protozoan parasites of the genera cryptosporidium and giardia, and some of the species and genotypes found in these animals have zoonotic significance. we characterized isolates of both parasites recovered from the italian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), an economically important species whose milk is used for the production of "buffalo mozzarella" fresh cheese. molecular analysis of the cryptosporidium small subunit ribosomal dna gene and of the giardia bet ...	2007	17951009
expression of the serotonin transporter (sert) in the choroid plexuses from buffalo brain.	choroid plexuses (cps) play pivotal roles in a wide range of processes that establish, survey, and maintain the biochemical and cellular status of the central nervous system. mammalian cps contain a very high density of serotonin receptors, and serotonin has been shown to affect cp functions. the serotonin transporter (sert) regulates the entire serotonergic system, including serotonin receptors by means of modulation of serotonin concentration in the extracellular fluid. in this study, the expr ...	2007	17957753
genetic diversity and differentiation of chinese domestic buffalo based on 30 microsatellite markers.	to determine genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among chinese buffalo populations, 18 indigenous swamp buffalo populations and two introduced river buffalo breeds were genotyped for 30 microsatellite loci. the mean number of alleles across the 30 loci was 8.13, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.517 (yanjin) to 0.609 (dehong). although there was abundant genetic variation, genetic differentiation between chinese buffalo populations was low, with only 2.8% of the total ge ...	2007	17980000
application of recombinant sjc26gst for serodiagnosis of schistosoma japonicum infection in water buffalo (bos buffelus).	schistosomiasis japonica is currently the most serious parasitic disease in mainland china and it is estimated that several million people are infected. furthermore, it is also responsible for the deaths of many domestic animals. in order to establish an effective diagnostic method, the gene encoding sjc26gst was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with his-tag. the purified resjc26gst was used as an antigen for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and for immuno ...	2007	17997225
the sarcocystis-cyst containing beef and pork as the sources of natural intestinal sarcocystosis in thai people.	human intestinal sarcocystosis is a zoonotic disease caused by two coccidians, i.e. sarcocystis fusiformis (syn. s. bovihominis, s. hominis) due to consumption of raw infected beef and sarcocystis meischeriana (syn. s. suihominis) due to consumption of infected raw pork. in 1987, survey of the macroscopic s. fusiformis cysts in market beef mainly from old water buffalos aged more than 15 years were commonly observed in bangkok. in 2005, the macroscopic cyst was no longer seen in beef of cattle a ...	2007	18041433
post-exposure serological and bacteriological responses of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) to brucella abortus biovar 1 following vaccination with brucella abortus strain rb51.	serological and bacteriological responses to brucella abortus biovar 1 following vaccination with b. abortus strain rb51 (rb51) were evaluated in thirty domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) randomly divided into five treatment groups. groups i to v received, respectively, the recommended dose (rd) of rb51 vaccine once, rd twice 4 weeks apart, double rd once, double rd twice 4 weeks apart, and saline once (control). vaccination did not result in a serological response. experimental animals re ...	2007	18293615
cytosolic and microsomal glutathione-s-transferases from bovine filarial worms setaria cervi.	the work presented here deals with the status of glutathione-s-transferase (gst; e.c. 2.5.1.18), the major enzyme of the phase ii detoxification pathway, in bovine filarial worms setaria cervi. gst activity was determined in various subcellular fractions of bovine filarial worms s. cervi (bubalus bubalis linn.) and was found to be mainly associated with cytosolic and microsomal fractions. the respective specific activities of the enzyme from cytosolic and microsomal fractions of s. cervi females ...	2007	18314670
phylogeography and domestication of indian river buffalo.	the water buffalo- bubalus bubalis holds tremendous potential in livestock sector in many asian countries, particularly india. the origin, domestication and genetic structure of the indian river buffalo are poorly understood. therefore, to understand the relationship among the maternal lineages of indian river buffalo breeds and their domestication process, we analysed mitochondrial d-loop region of 217 animals representing eight breeds from eight different locations in india along with publishe ...	2007	17915036
cloning the swamp buffalo sry gene for embryo sexing with multiplex-nested pcr.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is an efficient method for sexing embryos. the objective of this study was to develop an accurate and reliable method for sexing swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos. the sry gene from swamp buffalo genomic dna was amplified by pcr, using primers based on the sequence of the holstein sry gene. this fragment was sequenced based on a blast search; the sry gene was highly conserved. using a southern blot, there was a strong signal in genomic dna only from male ...	2007	17928043
occurrence of antibodies against neospora caninum in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) on four ranches in corrientes province, argentina.	the aim of the present work was to describe the occurrence of antibodies to neospora caninum in water buffaloes on four ranches located in corrientes province in the northeast of argentina. antibodies against n. caninum were determined in sera of 449 water buffaloes by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). a bayesian logistic regression mixed model was used to quantify the strength of association between positive serological results to n. caninum and gender, age and category (calf, ...	2007	17950535
a radiation hybrid map of river buffalo (bubalus bubalis) chromosome 1 (bbu1).	the largest chromosome in the river buffalo karyotype, bbu1, is a submetacentric chromosome with reported homology between bbu1q and bovine chromosome 1 and between bbu1p and bta27. we present the first radiation hybrid map of this chromosome containing 69 cattle derived markers including 48 coding genes, 17 microsatellites and four ests distributed in two linkage groups spanning a total length of 1330.1 cr(5000). the rh map was constructed based on analysis of a recently developed river buffalo ...	2007	18160788
importation of in vitro-produced bubalus bubalis embryos from italy into the united states: a case report.	on december 19, 2005, 14 in vitro-fertilized water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos, which had been cryopreserved by vitrification, were thawed and transferred into b. bubalis recipients in california. the embryos had been produced in italy, following transvaginal oocyte pickup (tvopu), with subsequent in vitro maturation, insemination, and culture. this case study relates our experience in meeting the regulatory criteria, established by the animal import/export office of the usda-animal and pl ...	2007	17582487
pregnancy and calving rates following transfer of in-vitro-produced river and f1 (river x swamp) buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos in recipients on natural oestrus or synchronised for ovulation.	the main objective of this study was to compare pregnancy and calving rates following transfer of in-vitro-produced fresh river and f1 (river x swamp) buffalo embryos in recipients synchronised by ovsynch protocol or following natural oestrus. river embryos were produced from cumulus-oocyte complexes (cocs) derived by ovum pick up (opu) on 40 murrah and nili-ravi donor buffaloes over a twice-weekly collection schedule for 120 single opus. f1 embryos were produced by fertilisation of swamp cocs r ...	2007	17601415
sequence of gdf 8 (myostatin) gene in bubalus bubalis.	the sequence of myostatin gene (growth differentiation factor 8 [gdf 8]) in indian riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is reported. the genomic dna as well as mrna were sequenced. the sequence is conserved across all the livestock species. five nonsynonymous changes as compared to cattle were found in this study and were also confirmed by mrna sequence. two intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were identified in buffalo.	2007	17612840
effect of exogenous growth-hormone-releasing factor on blood metabolites and minerals in late maturing buffalo heifers (bubalus bubalis).	previous studies have suggested that growth-hormone-releasing factor (grf) enhanced growth and advanced puberty onset along with hormonal changes in buffalo heifers (bubalus bubalis). however, it is not known to what extent exogenous grf could influence blood metabolites and minerals to bring about puberty in buffalo heifers. therefore, we planned to investigate the effect of exogenous bovine grf (bgrf) on blood metabolites and minerals in buffalo heifers during a 3-month pre-treatment period, 9 ...	2007	17615004
capacitation of frozen thawed buffalo bull (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa with higher heparin concentrations.	the present study was conducted to examine the effect of high heparin concentration on capacitation of buffalo spermatozoa with a short incubation time. frozen thawed spermatozoa from three buffalo bulls were pooled and treated with either 50, 100 or 200 microg/ml heparin for 30 min. capacitation was evaluated by acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and in vitro fertilization rate (per cent cleavage rate, per cent cleavage index). acrosome reaction was induced in heparin treated spermatozoa with cal ...	2007	17635774
water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) identified as an important reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in brazil.	the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in water buffaloes is reported for the first time in south america. the prevalence of stec ranged from 0 to 64% depending on the farm. stec isolates exhibiting the genetic profiles stx(1)stx(2)ehxa iha saa and stx(2)ehxa iha saa predominated. of the 20 distinct serotypes identified, more than 50% corresponded to serotypes associated with human diseases.	2007	17644639
cryptosporidium and giardia in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) of the italian mediterranean bred.		2007	17682888
reproduction in the water buffalo.	in this paper, an account of various aspects related to buffalo reproduction are given. fundamental concepts of the reproductive physiology as well as manipulation of the reproductive function will be presented. this will include an overview of the most recent developments of the oestrous cycle and the ovulation control, new strategies of reproductive management for the improvement of genetic gain and the application of newly developed reproductive technologies, such as in vitro embryo productio ...	2007	17688599
ovarian dynamics and milk progesterone concentrations in cycling and non-cycling buffalo-cows (bubalus bubalis) during ovsynch program.	the objective was to evaluate ovarian dynamics and progesterone concentrations in cyclic (cyc, n=10) and non-cyclic (ncy, n=8) buffalo-cows during ovsynch program. all cows received gnrh on day 0, pgf2alpha on day 7, and gnrh on day 9, and ai 14 h later. ovarian structures were monitored by ultrasound and milk samples were collected for progesterone (p4) analysis. the first gnrh resulted in ovulation in cyc (90%) and ncy (62.5%) cows. by day 7, almost all cows had large follicle and lutein tissu ...	2007	17482252
bubaline versus bovine reproduction.	fertility in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is considerably lower than that in cattle (bos taurus and bos indicus). poor breeding efficiency is attributed to late onset of puberty, seasonality, poor estrus expression, and long calving intervals. accurate estrus detection is a prerequisite for efficient reproductive management. established reproductive management techniques in cattle can be successfully applied to water buffalo because of the similarities in the anatomy, physiology, and endocrin ...	2007	17482253
seasonal variation in nuclear dna integrity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from thai ai swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	in this study, we investigated the susceptibility of frozen-thawed swamp buffalo sperm nuclear dna to undergo controlled acid-induced denaturation in situ, as analysed by flow cytometry, and aimed to correlate the results with sperm head morphology over three seasons in tropical thailand. artificial insemination (ai) doses (n = 218) from 18 ai buffalo sires, prepared between 1980 and 1989 and 2003 and 2005, were tested and compared among three seasons, the rainy season, july-october; winter, nov ...	2007	17718812
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to measure growth hormone level in serum and milk of buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	an indirect sandwich elisa to measure growth hormone level in serum and milk of buffaloes was developed. the assay was based on purified anti rbst igg raised in rabbits and chicken and rabbit anti chicken igg horseradish peroxidase. the assay was validated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision and recovery. parallelism was demonstrated between the standard curve and serially diluted serum, milk and pituitary derived growth hormone. sensitivity of the assay was 0.1 ng/ml. recovery of ex ...	2007	17821853
resolving a zoological mystery: the kouprey is a real species.	the kouprey is a rare and enigmatic forest ox discovered by scientists in cambodia only in 1937. numerous morphological hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the kouprey: that it is a species closely related to banteng and gaur, two other wild oxen of southeast asia; a morphologically divergent species placed in a separate genus, named novibos; a wild species linked to aurochs and domestic cattle; a vicariant population of banteng; a feral cattle; or a hybrid of banteng with either zeb ...	2007	17848372
real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification of cow dna in pure water buffalo mozzarella cheese: method validation and its application on commercial samples.	mozzarella cheese obtained from buffalo (bubalus bubalis) milk is a typical italian product certificated by means of the european protected designation of origin (pdo). mozzarella cheese can also be obtained from bovine milk or bovine/buffalo milk mixtures, but in this case, it cannot be sold as pdo product, and its label must report the actual ingredients. however, bovine milk in pdo products was frequently detected in the past, suggesting fraudulent addition or accidental contamination. severa ...	2007	17419643
clinical, haematological and therapeutic studies on tropical theileriosis in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in egypt.	thirty buffaloes naturally infected with theileria annulata and 10 parasitologically free controls were used to determine the potential clinical, haematological and therapeutic impact of tropical theileriosis in egypt. the clinical signs in the infected buffaloes were pyrexia (40.5-41.5 degrees c), enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, slight nasal and ocular discharges, salivation, anaemia and respiratory distress. eye lesions also were recorded. there was a significant decrease in erythrocyt ...	2007	17420101
seasonality affects post-thaw plasma membrane intactness and sperm velocities in spermatozoa from thai ai swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	altogether 218 frozen semen ai doses, prepared between 1980 and 1989 and also between 2003 and 2005 from 18 ai thai swamp buffalo sires, were examined to determine whether seasonality affects post-thaw viability, as plasma membrane integrity (pmi, using sybr-14/pi), plasma membrane stability (pms, using annexin-v/pi), or motility (mot, using casa). a thermoresistance test (38 degrees c for 60 min) was used to further analyze sperm survivability in vitro. all variables were compared over 3 season ...	2007	17442385
construction of a river buffalo (bubalus bubalis) whole-genome radiation hybrid panel and preliminary rh mapping of chromosomes 3 and 10.	the buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is a source of milk and meat, and also serves as a draft animal. in this study, a 5000-rad whole-genome radiation hybrid (rh) panel for river buffalo was constructed and used to build preliminary rh maps for bbu3 and bbu10 chromosomes. the preliminary maps contain 66 markers, including coding genes, cattle expressed sequence tags (ests) and microsatellite loci. the rh maps presented here are the starting point for mapping additional loci that will allow detailed com ...	2007	17403053
molecular cloning, characterization, and expression studies of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) somatotropin.	cloning, high-level expression, and characterization of the somatotropin (st) gene of an indigenous nili-ravi breed of water buffalo bubalus bubalis (bbst) are described. coding, non-coding, and promoter regions of bbst were amplified and sequenced. sequence analysis revealed several silent and two interesting point mutations on comparison with sts of other vertebrate species. one interesting variation in the bbst sequence was the replacement of a conserved glutamine residue by arginine. a plasm ...	2007	17367293
effect of bradykinin on murrah buffalo (bubalus bubalis) semen cryopreservation.	keeping in view the poor freezability of bubaline semen in conventionally used extenders, this study was conducted on three murrah bulls to improve semen cryopreservation with the incorporation of bradykinin (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ng ml(-1)) in routinely used egg yolk tris-glycerol (eytg) extender. bradykinin (2.0 ng ml(-1)) had significant (p<0.05) beneficial effect on live sperm % (81.6+/-1.8) and hypo osmotic swelling (hos) % (63.0+/-1.3) as compared to their respective control values of 73.4+/-2. ...	2007	16600533
complete sequence of the yak (bos grunniens) mitochondrial genome and its evolutionary relationship with other ruminants.	the yak (bos grunniens) is the most important domesticated species in the qinhai-tibetan plateau. in present study, the complete sequence of the yak mitochondrial genome was determined. sequence analysis revealed that there are no differences with cattle in the yak mitochondrial genome organization. interestingly, within the d-loop, the conserved sequence blocks are less conserved than surrounding regions. neighbor-joining (nj) trees based on single genes, gene sets and concatenated genes of mit ...	2007	16942892