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group a rotavirus genotypes circulating prior to implementation of a national immunization program in estonia.group a rotaviruses (rva) are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children ≤ 5 y worldwide which could be prevented with two recently introduced vaccines - monovalent rotarix (live-attenuated g1p[8] strain) and pentavalent rotateq (human-bovine reassortant containing serotypes g1, g2, g3, g4 and p[8]). prior to implementation of vaccines into national immunization program we aimed to describe rva genotype distribution in hospitalized children aged < 5 y in estonia during 2007-2008. a total ...201222370511
a large outbreak of enteritis in goat flocks in marmara, turkey, by g8p[1] group a rotaviruses.group a rotaviruses are regarded as major enteric pathogens of large ruminants, while their impact on the health of small ruminants is not well documented. we report the detection of group a rotavirus from a large outbreak of enteritis that occurred in two goat flocks in the town of kırklareli, marmara region, turkey, in 2007. the disease was observed in young kids, with high morbidity and mortality rates, but not in adult animals. rotavirus antigen was detected in the stools of the examined ani ...201222367501
phylogenetic analysis of the rotavirus genotypes originated from children < 5 years of age in 16 cities in south korea, between 2000 and 2004.the purpose of this study was to examine the diversity of the g and p types of human rotavirus strains isolated in south korea during 2000 to 2004.201224159485
predominance of rotavirus genotype g6p[11] in diarrhoeic lambs.out of 500 faecal samples from lambs with diarrhoea in jammu and kashmir, india, 66 (13.2%) were positive for group a rotavirus (garv) by the latex agglutination test (lat). electropherotyping by rna-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the typical garv 4-2-3-2 migration pattern in 49/66 (74.2%) samples. fifty-two samples (10.4%) were positive by reverse transcription-pcr. g6 was the predominant g genotype (25/52; 48.07%), followed by g10 (19/52; 36.54%) whereas, the predominant p genotyp ...201222230710
detection of rotavirus from hospitalized diarrheic children in uttar pradesh, india.in the present study 220 stool samples collected from diarrheic children admitted to different hospitals and nursing homes of uttar pradesh and uttarakhand were screened for rotavirus. of 220 diarrheic samples screened 46 samples were found to be positive for rotavirus by rna page. all the isolates exhibited 4-2-3-2 migration pattern suggesting group a rotavirus. both long and short electropherotypes were prevalent in these regions. six different electropherotypes were detected in this study per ...201223997341
group a rotavirus universal mass vaccination: how and to what extent will selective pressure influence prevalence of rotavirus genotypes?two human group a rotavirus (rva) vaccines are available and highly effective in preventing severe gastroenteritis caused by all commonly circulating human rva genotypes. the effect of universal mass vaccination on the rva genotype distribution is discussed based on the knowledge of complete rva genotype constellations, data from clinical efficacy trials and effectiveness studies, and genotype surveillance data from countries with universal mass vaccination programs. the theoretically predicted ...201223249234
[genetic diversity of group a rotavirus isolates found in western siberia in 2007-2011].genetic analysis of group a rotavirus recovered from fecal samples of children admitted to hospitals in novosibirsk and omsk during four epidemic seasons 2007, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 was performed. a total of 1416 rotavirus isolates were genotyped using multiplex pcr. the isolates of the most common rotavirus genotypes g1p[8], g4p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8] co-circulated in western siberia during 2007-2011. in isolated cases g9p[8], g2p[8], g3p[9], and g4p[6] genotypes were detected. change of ...201223248851
antibody response in vaccinated pregnant mares to recent g3bp[12] and g14p[12] equine rotaviruses.both the g3p[12] and the g14p[12] type of equine group a rotavirus (rva) have recently become predominant in many countries, including japan. g3 types are classified further into g3a and g3b. the g3a viruses have been circulating in europe, australia, and argentina, and the g3b viruses have been circulating in japan. however, only an inactivated vaccine containing a single g3bp[12] strain is commercially available in japan. to assess the efficacy of the current vaccine against recently circulati ...201223130609
burden and typing of rotavirus group a in children with acute gastroenteritis in shiraz, southern iran.human rotavirus is a significant cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. in recent years, rotavirus genotyping by rt-pcr has provided valuable information about the diversity of rotaviruses circulating worldwide. the purpose of the present study is to monitor the prevalence of the different g types of rotaviruses circulating in shiraz, southern iran and detect any uncommon or novel types.201223115715
molecular characterization analysis of the outer protein layer (vp7) from human rotavirus a genotype g1 isolate identified in iran: implications for vaccine development.the full open reading frame of the outer protein layer vp7 from an isolate of human rotavirus identified in 2010 in an iranian child admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis was amplified from a clinical stool specimen and subjected to molecular characterization. genetic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the analyzed gene falls into the g1 genotype forming a sub-cluster with sequences recently identified in iran and geographically distant countries. such results were confirmed by protein ...201223109009
molecular characterization of group a rotavirus found in elderly patients in ireland; predominance of g1p[8], continued presence of g9p[8], and emergence of g2p[4].rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. there have been several recent reports concerning rotavirus isolation from adults, particularly in the elderly, presenting with gastroenteritis. in this study, the authors report on rotavirus outbreaks in five separate elderly care facilities between april, and june 2011 in ireland. the following genotypes were detected; g1p[8] (n = 5/11), g2p[4] (n = 2/11), and g9p[8] (n = 2/11). thus, similarities to previous reports we ...201223080510
prevalence of group a genotype human rotavirus among children with dirarrhea in thailand, 2009-2011.rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children world-wide, with the highest fatality rate in developing countries. we investigated the presence and seasonal distribution of group a rotavirus infection among thai children. the data will be used for vaccine development. samples were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea admitted to two hospitals between june 2009 and may 2011. group a rotaviruses were detected in 250 (44.5%) ...201223077813
identification of an avian group a rotavirus containing a novel vp4 gene with a close relationship to those of mammalian rotaviruses.group a rotaviruses (rvas) are an important cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans, as well as in mammalian and avian animal species. previous sequence analyses indicated that avian rvas are related only distantly to mammalian rvas. here, the complete genomes of rva strain 03v0002e10 from turkey (meleagris gallopavo) and rva strain 10v0112h5 from pheasant (phasianus colchicus) were analysed using a combination of 454 deep sequencing and sanger sequencing technologies. an adenine-rich insertion si ...201323052396
the validation and utility of a quantitative one-step multiplex rt real-time pcr targeting rotavirus a and norovirus.rotavirus (rov) and norovirus (nov) are the main causes of viral gastroenteritis. currently, there is no validated multiplex real-time pcr that can detect and quantify rov and nov simultaneously. the aim of the study was to develop, validate, and internally control a multiplex one-step rt real-time pcr to detect and quantify rov and nov in stool samples. pcr sensitivity was assessed by comparing amplification against the current gold standard, enzyme immunoassay (eia), on stool samples from 94 i ...201323046990
analysis of rotavirus species diversity and evolution including the newly determined full-length genome sequences of rotavirus f and g.rotaviruses are a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. eight different rotavirus species (a-h) have been defined based on antigenicity and nucleotide sequence identities of the vp6 gene. here, the first complete genome sequences of rotavirus f (strain 03v0568) and g (strain 03v0567) with lengths of 18,341 and 18,186bp, respectively, are described. both viruses have open reading frames for rotavirus proteins vp1 to vp7 and nsp1 to nsp5 located at the 11 genome segme ...201323237956
the origin of two rare human p[10] rotavirus strains.the group a rotavirus (rva) p[10] is a rare genotype of the rva vp4 gene. to date, the whole genome sequence of only a single p[10] rva strain, rva/human-tc/idn/69m/1980/g8p4[10], has been determined, revealing a ds-1-like genotype constellation. whole genomic analyses of p[10] rva strains with other vp7 genotypes are essential to obtain conclusive data on the origin and genetic diversity of the p10] rvas. in the present study, the whole genome of a human g4p[10] rva strain, rva/human-tc/idn/57m ...201323178318
multiplex real-time pcr assays for the detection of group c rotavirus, astrovirus, and subgenus f adenovirus in stool specimens.group c rotavirus (gcrv), astrovirus (astv), and adenovirus (subgenus f adenov) are etiologic agents of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, which often represents community outbreaks. for the efficient detection of gcrv, astv, and subgenus f adenov in stool specimens, a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed to detect these three viruses simultaneously, with high sensitivity and specificity. in total, 8404 clinical specimens were collected between april 2008 and march 2011 and tested for gc ...201323159674
identification of cellular calcium binding protein calmodulin as a regulator of rotavirus a infection during comparative proteomic study.rotavirus (rv) being the major diarrhoegenic virus causes around 527000 children death (<5 years age) worldwide. in cellular environment, viruses constantly adapt and modulate to survive and replicate while the host cell also responds to combat the situation and this results in the differential regulation of cellular proteins. to identify the virus induced differential expression of proteins, 2d-dige (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis) based proteomics was used. for this, ht-29 cell ...201323437200
comparison of different rt-qpcr assays for the detection of human and bovine group a rotaviruses and characterization by sequences analysis of genes encoding vp4 and vp7 capsid proteins.the aim of this study was to compare the performance of four rt-qpcr assays for the detection of human and bovine group a rotaviruses and to characterize the positive samples by sequence analysis of vp4 and vp7 genes.201323421708
complex evolutionary patterns of two rare human g3p[9] rotavirus strains possessing a feline/canine-like h6 genotype on an au-1-like genotype constellation.the group a rotavirus (rva) g3p[9] is a rare vp7-vp4 genotype combination, detected occasionally in humans and cats. other than the prototype g3p[9] strain, rva/human- tc/jpn/au-l/1982/g3p3[9], the whole genomes of only two human g3p[9] rva strains and two feline g3p[9] rva strains have been analyzed so far, revealing complex evolutionary patterns, distinct from that of au-1. we report here the whole genomic analyses of two human g3p[9] rva strains, rva/human-tc/chn/l621/2006/g3p[9] and rva/huma ...201323403096
sequence analysis of the whole genomes of five african human g9 rotavirus strains.the g9 rotaviruses are amongst the most common global rotavirus strains causing severe childhood diarrhoea. however, the whole genomes of only a few g9 rotaviruses have been fully sequenced and characterised of which only one g9p[6] and one g9p[8] are from africa. we determined the consensus sequence of the whole genomes of five african human group a g9 rotavirus strains, four g9p[8] strains and one g9p[6] strain collected in cameroon (central africa), kenya (eastern africa), south africa and zi ...201323369762
detection and genetic diversity of porcine group a rotaviruses in historic (2004) and recent (2011 and 2012) swine fecal samples in ohio: predominance of the g9p[13] genotype in nursing piglets.epidemiological surveillance of porcine group a rotavirus (rva) strains was conducted in five swine herds in ohio using historical (2004) and recent (2011 to 2012) fecal samples. of the 371 samples examined, 9.4% (35/371) were positive for rva. the rva detection rates increased from 5.9% in 2004 and 8.5% in 2011 to 13.8% in 2012. a total of 23 positive samples were analyzed for rva g and p genotypes. the dominant g-p combination was g9p[13] found in 60.9% of positive samples. the other combinati ...201323363823
changes in anti-group a rotavirus antibody seroprevalence and levels in the western gyeongnam province of korea over 16 years.to observe how anti-group a rotavirus antibody seropositivity rates and levels have changed in the western region of gyeongnam province, 2,030 serum samples collected at four collection periods (1989-1990, 1994-1995, 1999-2000, and 2004-2005) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for igg, and iga antibodies reacting to recombinant vp6 protein. the seroprevalences exhibit no regular patterns over a 16-yr period. for all four collection periods, the anti-rvp6 igg levels rose steadily du ...201323341712
characterization of human rotaviruses circulating in iraq in 2008: atypical g8 and high prevalence of p[6] strains.fecal samples from 976 children with gastroenteritis were collected and analyzed for group a rotavirus (rva), in three different cities in iraq between january 2008 and december 2008. rva antigen was detected in 394 (40%) of the samples, and 98 samples were available for further genotype analyses using multiplex rt-pcr and sequence analyses for untypeable strains. the g/p-genotype combination was determined for 69 samples, and 19, 2 and 8 samples remained p-untypeable, g-untypeable and g/p-untyp ...201323340225
evolutionary time-scale of primate bocaviruses.human bocavirus (hbov) is associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans, occurring mostly in young children and elderly people. four bocavirus genotypes (hbov1-hbov4) have been found so far. since there were no data on the contribution of hbov to gastroenteritis in russia, 1781 fecal samples collected from infants hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in novosibirsk, russia during one year were tested for the presence of nucleic acids from hbov and three major gastrointestinal viruses (rotav ...201323313830
rotavirus infection among sudanese children younger than 5 years of age: a cross sectional hospital-based study.in sudan, rotavirus has been one of the important causative agents of diarrhea among children. rotavirus a is well known as the leading cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. it was estimated to account for 41% of hospitalized cases of acute gastroenteritis among children in sub-saharan africa. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and the common clinical presentations of rotavirus a infection among sudanese children with gastroenteritis seeking management in hospitals.201324711878
global distribution of group a rotavirus strains in horses: a systematic review.group a rotavirus (rva) is a major cause of diarrhea and diarrhea-related mortality in foals in parts of the world. in addition to careful horse farm management, vaccination is the only known alternative to reduce the rva associated disease burden on horse farms. the precise evaluation of vaccine effectiveness against circulating strains needs enhanced surveillance of equine rvas in areas where vaccine is already available or vaccine introduction is anticipated. therefore, we undertook the overv ...201323994380
molecular characterization of the porcine group a rotavirus nsp2 and nsp5/6 genes from são paulo state, brazil, in 2011/12.rotaviruses are responsible for the acute diarrhea in various mammalian and avian species. the nonstructural proteins nsp2 and nsp5 are involved in the rotavirus replication and the formation of viroplasm, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within which new viral particles morphogenesis and viral rna replication occur. there are few studies on the genetic diversity of those proteins; thus this study aims at characterizing the diversity of rotavirus based on nsp2 and nsp5 genes in rotaviruses circulati ...201323970830
evidence of natural transmission of group a rotavirus between domestic pigs and wild boars (sus scrofa) in japan.group a rotaviruses (rvas) are a major cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young animals worldwide. rvas have also been detected in several wild and zoo animals, indicating wide susceptibility of wild animals. however, the role of wild animals in the infection cycle of rvas is unclear. wild boars are indigenous in many countries in the world. japanese wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) have been migrating close to human habitats in japan, indicating the possibility of natural tra ...201323958658
group a rotavirus and norovirus display sharply distinct seasonal profiles in belém, northern brazil.several viruses have been associated with acute gastroenteritis (age), and group a rotavirus (rva) and norovirus (nov) are the most prevalent. this study aimed to assess their prevalence among children hospitalised for diarrhoea during a three-year surveillance study. from may 2008-april 2011, overall positivity rates of 21.6% (628/2904) and 35.4% (171/483) were observed for rva and nov, respectively. the seasonality observed indicated distinct patterns when both viruses were compared. this find ...201323903985
novel g10p[14] rotavirus strain, northern territory, australia.we identified a genotype g10p[14] rotavirus strain in 5 children and 1 adult with acute gastroenteritis from the northern territory, australia. full genome sequence analysis identified an artiodactyl-like (bovine, ovine, and camelid) g10-p[14]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3 genome constellation. this finding suggests artiodactyl-to-human transmission and strengthens the need to continue rotavirus strain surveillance.201323876354
detection of unusual g6 rotavirus strains in italian children with diarrhoea during the 2011 surveillance season.two rare g6 rotavirus a (rva) strains, designated as rva/human-wt/ita/cec06/2011/g6p[6] and rva/human-wt/ita/pg05/2011/g6p[9], were identified in stool specimens from children hospitalized in central italy. after pcr genotyping, the samples cec06 and pg05 gave g-ud-p[6] and g-ud-p[9] genotypes, respectively. to determine the g-type and to characterize further the two strains, sequencing of 8 of the 11 genomic segments was performed. cec06 and pg05 strains were found to possess unusual genotype c ...201323868788
rabbit colony infected with a bovine-like g6p[11] rotavirus strain.group a rotaviruses (rvas) are the main etiological agent of infantile diarrhea in both humans and animals worldwide. a limited number of studies have investigated the molecular characteristics of rva strains in stool specimens of rabbits, with only a few lapine rva strains isolated and (partially) characterized to date. the most common g/p-genotype combinations found in rabbits are g3p[14] and g3p[22]. in this study a rva strain was isolated from the small intestine of a 9-week-old rabbit from ...201323830050
zoonotic transmission of reassortant porcine g4p[6] rotaviruses in hungarian pediatric patients identified sporadically over a 15 year period.genotype g4p[6] rotavirus a (rva) strains collected from children admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis over a 15 year period in the pre rotavirus vaccine era in hungary were characterized in this study. whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed on eight g4p[6] rva strains. all these rva strains shared a fairly conservative genomic configuration (g4-p[6]-i1/i5-r1-c1-m1-a1/a8-n1-t1/t7-e1-h1) and showed striking similarities to porcine and porcine-derived human rva strain ...201323792183
[genetic diversity of rotavirus group a: correlation between g3 type and severity of the infection. valencia, venezuela].genetic and antigenic rotavirus (rv) variabilities may have implications in the severity of the infection caused by these agents; however the studies are not conclusive. for that purpose, the mean severity scores of diarrhea episodes caused by rv types g1 and g3 were compared, at ciudad hospitalaria "dr. enrique tejera" in valencia, venezuela, between 2001-2005. rv were identified by elisa, g and p types by rt-pcr. the severity of infection was determined using the ruuska-vesikari system and the ...201323781711
rotavirus shedding in symptomatic and asymptomatic children using reverse transcription-quantitative pcr.reverse transcription-real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) for the vp6 gene was used to study group a rotavirus shedding in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infection. sequential stool samples (n = 345) from 10 children with rotavirus associated diarrhea and from five children (n = 161) with asymptomatic rotavirus infection were collected over a period of 2 months. a rt-qpcr assay on the samples using a rotavirus vp6 plasmid standard demonstrated high reproducibility ...201323775335
human g9p[8] rotavirus strains circulating in cameroon, 1999-2000: genetic relationships with other g9 strains and detection of a new g9 subtype.group a rotaviruses (rv-a) are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide and genotype g9p[8] is one of the five most common genotypes detected in humans. in order to gain insight into the degree of genetic variability of g9p[8] strains circulating in cameroon, stool samples were collected during the 1999-2000 rotavirus season in two different geographic regions in cameroon (southwest and western regions). by rt-pcr, 15 g9p[8] strains (15/89=16.8%) were identified whose gen ...201323770141
simultaneous detection of group a rotavirus in swine and rat on a pig farm in brazil.this study investigated the occurrence of rotavirus in porcine and rattus norvegicus, at the same time, on a pig farm in the city of jaguariúna, são paulo, brazil. swine (n = 21) and rat (n = 6) fecal samples were analyzed by nested rt-pcr assay. rotavirus occurred in seven porcine and two rat samples. a total of three pig and one rat samples were further submitted to genetic sequencing. the partial nsp5 gene phylogeny showed that all strains were segregated in the genotype h1. these results poi ...201323766702
one year survey of human rotavirus strains suggests the emergence of genotype g12 in cameroon.in this study the emergence of rotavirus a genotype g12 in children <5 years of age is reported from cameroon during 2010/2011. a total of 135 human stool samples were p and g genotyped by reverse transcriptase pcr. six different rotavirus vp7 genotypes were detected, including g1, g2, g3, g8, g9, and g12 in combinations with p[4], p[6] and p[8] vp4 genotypes. genotype g12 predominated in combination with p[8] (54.1%) and p[6] (10.4%) genotypes followed by g1p[6] (8.2%), g3p[6] (6.7%), g2p[4] (5 ...201323765785
phylogenetic analyses of the vp4 and vp7 genes of porcine group a rotaviruses in sao paulo state, brazil: first identification of g5p[23] in piglets.this study determined the group a rotavirus occurrence in pig farms from 7 different cities in são paulo state, brazil. out of 143 samples, 70 tested positive. sequence analyses of 37 strains indicated that the strains had the g3, g5, g9, and p[6], p[13]/p[22]-like, and p[23] genotypes.201323761160
molecular characterization of rotavirus genotypes in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed pediatric patients.to describe the genotypic variability of group a rotavirus (rva) found in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed pediatric patients treated at the hospital de clínicas da universidade federal do paraná (hc-ufpr), curitiba, paraná.201323684457
whole-genomic analysis of g3p[23], g9p[23] and g3p[13] rotavirus strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea in thailand, 2006-2008.group a rotavirus (rva) is the most common cause of severe acute viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals worldwide. this study characterized the whole genome sequences of porcine rvas, 2 g3p[23] strains (cmp40/08 and cmp48/08), 1 g9p[23] strain (cmp45/08), and 1 g3p[13] strain (cmp29/08). these strains were collected from diarrheic piglets less than 7weeks of age in 4 pig farms in chiang mai, thailand, in 2008. the vp7-vp4-vp6-vp1-vp2-vp3-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-nsp5 genes of cmp40/08 and cmp48/ ...201323681022
recombinant monovalent llama-derived antibody fragments (vhh) to rotavirus vp6 protect neonatal gnotobiotic piglets against human rotavirus-induced diarrhea.group a rotavirus (rva) is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children. the aims of the present study were to determine the neutralizing activity of vp6-specific llama-derived single domain nanoantibodies (vhh nanoabs) against different rva strains in vitro and to evaluate the ability of g6p[1] vp6-specific llama-derived single domain nanoantibodies (vhh) to protect against human rotavirus in gnotobiotic (gn) piglets experimentally inoculated with virulent wa g1p[8] rotavirus. supplementati ...201323658521
review of group a rotavirus strains reported in swine and cattle.group a rotavirus (rva) infections cause severe economic losses in intensively reared livestock animals, particularly in herds of swine and cattle. rva strains are antigenically heterogeneous, and are classified in multiple g and p types defined by the two outer capsid proteins, vp7 and vp4, respectively. this study summarizes published literature on the genetic and antigenic diversity of porcine and bovine rva strains published over the last 3 decades. the single most prevalent genotype combina ...201323642647
feline origin of rotavirus strain, tunisia, 2008.in tunisia in 2008, an unusual g6p[9] rotavirus, rva/human-wt/tun/17237/2008/g6p[9], rarely found in humans, was detected in a child. to determine the origin of this strain, we conducted phylogenetic analyses and found a unique genotype constellation resembling rotaviruses belonging to the feline ba222-like genotype constellation. the strain probably resulted from direct cat-to-human transmission.201323631866
impact of rotavirus vaccine on rotavirus genotypes and caliciviruses circulating in french cattle.group a rotaviruses are a leading cause of neonatal calf diarrhoea worldwide and prevention of this disease includes vaccination against these viruses. in order to highlight the potential selection of rotavirus genotypes due to immune pressure driven by vaccination, the aim of this study was to compare group a rotavirus genotypes circulating in french diarrhoeic calves in rotavirus vaccinated herds (g6p[5] vaccine) with those in non-vaccinated herds during one calving season in 2010. this study ...201323579256
phylogenetic analysis of g1p[6] group a rotavirus strains detected in northeast brazilian children fully vaccinated with rotarix™.in 2009 the world health organization recommended the use of group a rotavirus (rva) vaccines in all national immunization programs (nips) in order to control severe rva gastroenteritis disease. in brazil, rotarix™ was introduced in the nip in march 2006, and a significant reduction in mortality rates among children ≤ 5 years old was observed, especially in the northern and northeastern brazil. in the current study the 11 gene segments of six brazilian g1p[6] rva strains, isolated in 2009 and 20 ...201323538335
continued circulation of g12p[6] rotaviruses over 28 months in nepal: successive replacement of predominant strains.rotavirus a causes severe diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide. the migration pattern (electropherotype) of the double-stranded rna genome upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to define "strains" in molecular epidemiology. in temperate countries, distinct electropherotypes (strains) appear after the annual, off-seasonal interruption of rotavirus circulation. in nepal, rotavirus circulated year-round and an uncommon genotype g12p[6] predominated and persisted, provid ...201323533063
evidence for genetic reassortment between human rotaviruses by full genome sequencing of g3p[4] and g2p[4] strains co-circulating in india.rotavirus a causes severe diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide. many unusual combinations of g and p genotypes have been observed in rotaviruses circulating in developing countries. mixed infection of a single individual with more than one strain is a mechanism by which genetic reassortants are formed with unusual g and p combinations. however, few studies have provided direct evidence for the formation of such unusual strains as a result of co-infection of co-circulating strains. h ...201323532829
[research progress of real-time quantitative pcr method for group a rotavirus detection].group a rotavirus is one of the most significant etiological agents which causes acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. so far, several method which includes electron microscopy (em), enzyme immunoassay (eia), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)and real-time quantitative pcr has been established for the detection of rotavirus. compared with other methods, real-time quantitative pcr have advantages in specificity, sensitivity, genotyping and quantit ...201324520772
[isolation and characterization of rotavirus from bat].bats are considered as important animal reservoirs for many pathogenic viruses to humans. the viral metagenomic analysis was performed to study gut and lung tissues of 30 insectivorous bats collected in yunnan province and 26 reads were noted to group a rotavirus (rva). further rt-pcr screening on bat samples and in vitro viral isolation on cell cultures confirmed the presence of a novel rva, named as rva/bat-tc/myas33/2013/g3p[10], in one of 30 stoliczka's trident bats. the vp7 gene of this str ...201324520769
first molecular detection of group a rotavirus in urban and hospital sewage systems by nested-rt pcr in shiraz, iran.group a rotaviruses are the most significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. rotaviruses are shed in high numbers and dispersed widely throughout bodies of water in the environment. this represents a significant health hazard for humans, mainly due to the stability of the viruses during wastewater treatment processes. this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of rotaviruses, to determine g genotypes of circulating rotaviruses and to assess the efficiency of rotavi ...201324499551
circulation of group a rotaviruses among neonates of human, cow and pig: study from assam, a north eastern state of india.rotavirus (rv) infections are worldwide in distribution causing high morbidity and mortality in human and animal neonates. human settlements in close proximity of animals aids for genetic re-assortment of the virus by interspecies transmission and consequent emergence of new viral antigenic strain. therefore, the present study was designed to explore rv incidence in a single approach from human and animal neonates sharing similar environment. altogether, 200 diarrheal samples from children (50), ...201324426283
group a rotaviruses in children with gastroenteritis in a canadian pediatric hospital: the prevaccine era.a publicly funded, group a rotavirus (rva) vaccination program was implemented in quebec in november 2011.201324421793
detection of picobirnavirus and rotavirus in diarrhoeic faecal samples of cattle and buffalo calves in mumbai metropolis, western india.in this study 113 diarrhoeic faecal samples obtained from buffalo (n = 68) and cattle (n = 45) calves under 1 years of age were analysed in order to determine the presence of rotavirus infection and the frequency of picobirnavirus excretion. eleven (9.73%) samples positive for group a rotavirus were identified through rna-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (rna-page), while 4 (3.53%) samples showed a bisegmented genome with a typical picobirnavirus pattern. this is the first report of picobirnav ...201324362776
prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in south korea in 1989-2009: implications for a nationwide rotavirus vaccine program.the epidemiology of human group a rotavirus was analyzed by examining genotypic data acquired from 1989 to 2009 in south korea. this information was derived from all the available published articles on rotavirus studies in south korea, retrieved from both the pubmed and koreamed databases. four common g types (g1, g2, g3, and g4) and three common p types (p[8], p[4], and p[6]) accounted for approximately 93% and 99% of the rotavirus reports, respectively. the g9 type was frequently detected afte ...201324348658
complete genome analysis of a rare human g3p[9] rotavirus posing as an au-1 like strain.we performed phylogenetic and sequence analysis by basic local alignment search tool (blast) of a complete human rotavirus (hrv) genome isolated from a hospitalized child with acute gastroenteritis in thailand.201324255863
characterization of a novel g3p[3] rotavirus isolated from a lesser horseshoe bat: a distant relative of feline/canine rotaviruses.bats are considered important animal reservoirs for many viruses pathogenic to humans. an approach based on viral metagenomics was used to study gut specimens from 78 insectivorous bats in yunnan province, china. seventy-four reads were found to be related to group a rotavirus (rva). further reverse transcription-pcr screening and viral isolation on cell cultures confirmed the presence of a novel rva strain, named rva/bat-tc/mslh14/2012/g3p[3], in 1 (6%) of 16 lesser horseshoe bats. full genomic ...201324027312
equine g3p[3] rotavirus strain e3198 related to simian rrv and feline/canine-like rotaviruses based on complete genome analyses.equine group a rotavirus (rva) strains are the most important cause of gastroenteritis in equine neonates and foals worldwide, and g3p[12] and g14p[12] are epidemiologically the most important genotypes. the genotype constellation of an unusual argentinean g3p[3] rva strain (rva/horse-wt/e3198/2008/g3p[3]) detected in fecal samples of a diarrheic foal in 2008 was shown to be g3-p[3]-i3-r3-c3-m3-a9-n3-t3-e3-h6. each of these genotypes has been found typically in feline and canine rva strains, and ...201322959604
discovery and molecular characterization of a group a rotavirus strain detected in an argentinean vicuña (vicugna vicugna).the wild vicuña (vicugna vicugna) is one of the four species of native south american camelids (sacs) in addition to the wild guanaco, and their domesticated counterparts, alpaca and llama, respectively. serological data have indicated the presence of group a rotaviruses (rva) specific antibodies in all 4 members of the sac, and so far, rva has been detected from alpacas, llamas and guanacos. a total of 59 fecal samples from healthy wild newborn and juvenile vicuñas, raised in captivity in jujuy ...201322877519
identification of circulating porcine-human reassortant g4p[6] rotavirus from children with acute diarrhea in china by whole genome analyses.p[6] group a rotavirus (rva) strains identified in four stool specimens collected from children with acute diarrhea in guangxi province, southern china in 2010, with unknown g type were further analyzed by full genomic analysis. it was revealed by whole genome sequencing that 11 genomic cognate gene segments of these p[6] rva strains shared almost 100% nucleotide identities and all exhibited an identical g4-p[6]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1 genotype constellation. phylogenetic analyses of vp7, vp1 ...201324012957
etiological study of enteric viruses and the genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus in children with diarrhea in chongqing, china.enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those <5 years old. identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of common enteric viruses in children <5 years old presented with diarrhea to the children's hospital of chongqing medical university.201324004442
occurrence and investigation of enteric viral infections in pigs with diarrhea in china.between february 2011 and february 2012, 985 and 324 samples were collected from diarrheal and healthy pigs, respectively, to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine kobuvirus (pkov), porcine bocavirus (pbov), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). pedv and pkov clearly predominated in diarrheal pigs. compared to healthy pigs, a substantial prevalence of mixed infections was observed in diarrheal pigs (72.3 %) (p < 0.001). all of the coin ...201323494226
homologous 2',5'-phosphodiesterases from disparate rna viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity.efficient and productive virus infection often requires viral countermeasures that block innate immunity. the ifn-inducible 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a) synthetases (oass) and ribonuclease (rnase) l are components of a potent host antiviral pathway. we previously showed that murine coronavirus (mhv) accessory protein ns2, a 2h phosphoesterase superfamily member, is a phosphodiesterase (pde) that cleaves 2-5a, thereby preventing activation of rnase l. the pde activity of ns2 is required for mhv re ...201323878220
full genomic analysis of a human rotavirus g1p[8] strain isolated in south korea.a rotavirus g1p[8] strain c1-81 was isolated from a 5-month-old female infant admitted to hospital with fever and severe diarrhea in incheon, south korea. to investigate its full genomic relatedness and its group, the full genome of strain c1-81 was determined. based on a full genome classification system, c1-81 was shown to possess the typical wa-like genotype constellation: g1-p[8]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t1-e1-h1. on the basis of sequence similarities, the strain was shown to be the closest related ...201323023979
simultaneous detection of waterborne viruses by multiplex real-time pcr.norovirus, rotavirus group a, the hepatitis a virus, and coxsackievirus are all common causes of gastroenteritis. conventional diagnoses of these causative agents are based on antigen detection and electron microscopy. to improve the diagnostic potential for viral gastroenteritis, internally controlled multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have been recently developed. in this study, individual real-time pcrs were developed and optimized for specific detections of norovirus ...201324037661
case-control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea.calf diarrhea is a major economic burden for the us cattle industry. a variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon in diarrheic calves. a case-control study was conducted to assess infectious etiologies associated with calf diarrhea in midwest cattle farms. a total of 199 and 245 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheic and healthy calves, respectively, from 165 cattle farms. samples were tested by a panel of multiplex pcr ...201323886509
several enteropathogens are circulating in suckling and newly weaned piglets suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara, cuba.intestinal contents of suckling (n = 45) and newly weaned (n = 45) piglets, suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara in cuba, were tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens from may to june 2008. at least one enteropathogen was identified in 53.3 % of piglets and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec; 25.6 %) was the major pathogen; mostly sta(+)/stb(+) or f4(+)/sta(+)/stb(+) etec were isolated. the overall occurrence of the rest of pathogens was 10 % for transmis ...201322843242
histophilus somni-induced infections in cattle from southern brazil.the sudden death of three calves, one diarrheic calf, and one aborted fetus from four farms in southern brazil was investigated. two histophilus somni-associated syndromes were identified: systemic histophilosis (n = 4) and abortion (n = 1). the principal pathological findings included vasculitis, meningoencephalitis with thrombosis, necrotizing myocarditis, renal infarctions, hepatic abscesses, and bronchopneumonia. pcr assays were used to amplify specific amplicons of the ovine herpesvirus 2, ...201323526124
phylogenetic analyses of typical bovine rotavirus genotypes g6, g10, p[5] and p[11] circulating in argentinean beef and dairy herds.group a rotavirus (rva) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide. rva strains affecting argentinean cattle mainly possess combinations of the g6, g10, p[5] and p[11] genotypes. to determine rva diversity among argentinean cattle, representative bovine rva strains detected in diarrheic calves were selected from a survey conducted during 1997-2009. the survey covered the main livestock regions of the country from dairy and beef herds. different phylogenetic approaches were use ...201323624201
g8 rotaviruses with conserved genotype constellations detected in malawi over 10 years (1997-2007) display frequent gene reassortment among strains co-circulating in humans.rotavirus a, the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in children worldwide, occurs in five major vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) genotype combinations, comprising g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8] and g9p[8]. however, g8, a common bovine rotavirus genotype, has been reported frequently among children in african countries. surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis conducted in a sentinel hospital in blantyre, malawi between 1997 and 2007 provided a rare opportunity to examine the whole genotype constellation ...201323407423
genotyping of calves rotavirus in china by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.to investigate the epidemical characteristics and genotype distributions of bovine rotavirus (brv) in china, 195 fecal samples were collected from calves with diarrhea in china. fecal samples were detected for rotavirus a antigen using elisa. the positive samples were screened for vp7 and vp4 by rt-pcr. g serotyping and p genotyping were conducted on 53 vp7 and vp4 positive samples using rt-pcr. the results showed that 82 samples were found positive for brv. 752bp, 660bp and 285bp bands were amp ...201323313784
whole-genome analysis of two bovine rotavirus c strains: shintoku and toyama.rotavirus c (rvc) has been detected frequently in epidemic cases and/or outbreaks of diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. because it is difficult to cultivate rvcs serially in cell culture, the sequence data available for rvcs are limited, despite their potential economical and epidemiological impact. although whole-genome sequences of one porcine rvc and seven human rvc strains have been analysed, this has not yet been done for a bovine rvc strain. in the present study, we first determine ...201323052397
detection of bovine group a rotavirus using rapid antigen detection kits, rt-pcr and next-generation dna sequencing.we investigated the sensitivity of human rotavirus rapid antigen detection (rad) kits, rt-pcr and next-generation dna sequencing (ngs) for detection of bovine group a rotavirus (rva). the dipstick 'eiken' rota (dipstick) showed the highest sensitivity out of the seven rad kits against all selected strains in limited dilution analyses, which was consistent with the results of equine rotavirus previously reported. rt-pcr had 10(0)-10(3)-fold higher sensitivity than the dipstick. the ngs using rt-p ...201323912876
evaluation of luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen analyte-specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance.acute diarrheal disease (add) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (tat) significantly. we validated a 19plex laboratory-developed gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) using l ...201323850948
sensitive and specific quantitative detection of rotavirus a by one-step real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay without antecedent double-stranded-rna denaturation.a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay using the recombinant thermostable thermus thermophilus (rtth) enzyme was developed to detect and quantify rotavirus a (rva). by using rtth polymerase, significant improvement was achieved over the existing real-time rt-pcr assays, which require denaturation of the rva double-stranded rna (dsrna) prior to assay setup. using a dsrna transcript for segment 7, which encodes the assay target nsp3 gene, the limit of detection for the ...201323850952
mean protein evolutionary distance: a method for comparative protein evolution and its application.proteins are under tight evolutionary constraints, so if a protein changes it can only do so in ways that do not compromise its function. in addition, the proteins in an organism evolve at different rates. leveraging the history of patristic distance methods, a new method for analysing comparative protein evolution, called mean protein evolutionary distance (meaped), measures differential resistance to evolutionary pressure across viral proteomes and is thereby able to point to the proteins' rol ...201323613826
dna microarray for detection of gastrointestinal viruses.gastroenteritis is a clinical illness of humans and other animals that is characterized by vomiting and diarrhea and caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses. an increasing number of viral species have been associated with gastroenteritis or have been found in stool samples as new molecular tools have been developed. in this work, a dna microarray capable in theory of parallel detection of more than 100 viral species was developed and tested. initial validation was done with 10 differ ...201425355758
simultaneous detection of five enteric viruses associated with gastroenteritis by use of a pcr assay: a single real-time multiplex reaction and its clinical application.we developed a highly sensitive reverse transcription and multiplex real-time pcr (rtpcr) assay that can identify five viruses, including six genogroups, in a single reaction: norovirus genogroups i and ii; sapovirus genogroups i, ii, iv, and v; human rotavirus a; adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41; and human astrovirus. in comparison to monoplex rtpcr assays, the sensitivities and specificities of the multiplex rtpcr ranged from 75% to 100% and from 99% to 100%, respectively, evaluated on 812 clini ...201424478418
a two-tube multiplex reverse transcription pcr assay for simultaneous detection of viral and bacterial pathogens of infectious diarrhea.diarrhea caused by viral and bacterial infections is a major health problem in developing countries. the purpose of this study is to develop a two-tube multiplex pcr assay using automatic electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of 13 diarrhea-causative viruses or bacteria, with an intended application in provincial centers for diseases control and prevention, china. the assay was designed to detect rotavirus a, norovirus genogroups gi and gii, human astrovirus, enteric adenoviruses, and human ...201424711998
the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain and mortality in 4 danish pig herds.the study evaluated the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain (adg) and mortality and described the clinical manifestations in four herds suffering from the syndrome. nnpds is a diarrhoeic syndrome affecting piglets within the first week of life, which is not caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) type a/c, clostridium difficile (c. difficile), rotavirus a, coronavirus, cystoisospora suis, strongyloide ...201424755093
evaluation of a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of bacterial and viral enteropathogens in stool samples of paediatric patients.we evaluated a multiplex pcr assay, the seeplex diarrhoea ace detection, that simultaneously detects 15 enteric pathogens, including salmonella spp., shigella spp., vibrio spp., toxin b producer clostridium difficile, campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, yersinia enterocolitica, aeromonas spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli, adenovirus, group a rotavirus, norovirus gi and gii, and astrovirus. we compared this assay with clinical methods routinely used ...201424656922
improved detection of gastrointestinal pathogens using generalised sample processing and amplification panels.we aimed to streamline the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease by producing multiplexed real time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) panels employing universal sample processing for dna and rna containing pathogens. a total of 487 stored, previously characterised stool samples comprising bacterial, viral, protozoan and clostridium difficile positive samples were tested using four multiplexed real time pcr panels. a further 81 pre-selected clinical samples from a teaching hospital were included to ...201424300711
added value of multiplex luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag® gpp) testing in the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis.the luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag(®) gpp) detects in one assay the most common gastroenteritis-causing pathogens and toxins, namely adenovirus 40/41, norovirus genogroup (ng) i/ii, rotavirus a, clostridium difficile toxin a/b, campylobacter sp., escherichia coli o157, enterotoxigenic e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin/heat-stable enterotoxin, salmonella sp., shiga-toxin producing e. coli, shiga-like toxin (stx)1/2, shigella sp., vibrio cholerae, yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporid ...201424131399
classification and characterization of a laboratory chicken rotavirus strain carrying g7p[35] neutralization antigens on the genotype 4 backbone gene configuration.the laboratory rotavirus strain, brs/115, has been used for more than two decades to monitor rotaviruses in specific pathogen free flocks of laying hens. however, the virus strain has not been characterized in detail. therefore we aimed at the description of molecular features of brs115 by using random primed reverse transcription-pcr of the genomic rna followed by massive parallel sequencing using the semiconductor sequencing technology. over 64,000 trimmed reads mapped to reference sequences o ...201425284347
genomic characterization of a rotavirus g8p[1] detected in a child with diarrhea reveal direct animal-to-human transmission.group a rotavirus is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children and young animals. during a retrospective analysis of samples collected from paraguayan children under 5 years old with diarrhea, and previously negative for rotavirus and norovirus, we detected the presence of bovine rotavirus sequences by viral metagenomics. nucleic acid was extracted direct from stool sample and determined to be g8p[1]. the genomic analyzes revealed that the strain presents an artiodactyl-like genome (g8 ...201425169054
molecular analysis of non structural rotavirus group a enterotoxin gene of bovine origin from india.the rotavirus enterotoxin nsp4 (nonstructural protein 4), plays a pivotal role in viral morphogenesis as well as pathogenesis. in this study, the nsp4 gene of rotavirus group a (rva) isolates of bovine origin isolated in several states of india from 2008 to 2011 were characterized. the complete open reading frame of 23 rva strains were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. genotype e1 was detected for the first time in bovines from india, in addition to the more common bovine genotype e2. seq ...201424747605
predicted structure and domain organization of rotavirus capping enzyme and innate immune antagonist vp3.rotaviruses and orbiviruses are nonturreted reoviridae members. the rotavirus vp3 protein is a multifunctional capping enzyme and antagonist of the interferon-induced cellular oligoadenylate synthetase-rnase l pathway. despite mediating important processes, vp3 is the sole protein component of the rotavirus virion whose structure remains unknown. in the current study, we used sequence alignment and homology modeling to identify features common to nonturreted reoviridae capping enzymes and to pre ...201424899176
[serological survey of antibodies against viral diseases of public health interest in llamas (lama glama) from jujuy province, argentina].llama population from argentina is mainly concentrated in the andean puna, jujuy. llamas represent an important economic resource for the andean communities. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against viral antigens associated to viral diseases of economic impact (neonatal diarrhea, reproductive and respiratory syndromes). a total of 349 serum samples from adult llamas were analyzed. the obtained antibody prevalence was 100 % for rotavirus a and 70 % for bovine ...201424721276
prevalence of rotavirus (garv) and coronavirus (bcov) associated with neonatal diarrhea in calves in western algeria.to study the prevalence of bovine group a rotavirus (garv) and bovine coronavirus (bcov) in diarrheic feces from calves and the sensitive's parameters such as age group and sex.201425183104
simultaneous concentration of bovine viruses and agricultural zoonotic bacteria from water using sodocalcic glass wool filters.infiltration and runoff from manured agricultural fields can result in livestock pathogens reaching groundwater and surface waters. here, we measured the effectiveness of glass wool filters to simultaneously concentrate enteric viruses and bacteria of bovine origin from water. the recovery efficiencies were determined for bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, bovine rotavirus group a, bovine coronavirus, poliovirus sabin iii, toxigenic escherichia coli ,and campylobacter jejuni seeded into ...201425059211
relative abundance and treatment reduction of viruses during wastewater treatment processes--identification of potential viral indicators.waterborne pathogenic viruses discharged from wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) pose potential public health risks. in the present study, we investigated the relative abundance, occurrence, and reduction of eleven different viruses at two wwtps in southern arizona over a 12-month period, from august 2011 to july 2012. influent and effluent samples from the two wwtps were collected monthly. viruses were concentrated using an electronegative filter method and quantified using taqman-based quanti ...201424836386
[investigation of seven different rna viruses associated with gastroenteritis in children under five years old].viruses are the most frequently detected etiologic agents of gastroenteritis seen in small children. in addition to classical gastroenteritis viruses namely rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus type 40/41, astrovirus and sapovirus, some novel picornaviruses (aichi virus, parechovirus, enterovirus) that have been identified in parallel to the developments in molecular diagnostic methods, thought to be associated with diarrhea in humans. however, the data are not enough to prove their actual roles in ...201424819261
fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of potentially pathogenic bacteria involved in neonatal porcine diarrhea.neonatal diarrhea is a multifactorial condition commonly present on pig farms and leads to economic losses due to increased morbidity and mortality of piglets. immature immune system and lack of fully established microbiota at birth predispose neonatal piglets to infection with enteric pathogens. the microorganisms that for decades have been associated with enteritis and diarrhea in suckling piglets are: rotavirus a, coronavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens t ...201424628856
detection and characterization of potentially zoonotic viruses in faeces of pigs at slaughter in germany.pigs can harbour a variety of viruses in their gastrointestinal tract. some of them are closely related to human viruses and are therefore suspected to have a zoonotic potential. only little is known about the presence of those viruses in pigs at slaughter. however, by contamination of meat with zoonotic viruses during the slaughtering process, food-borne transmission to humans may be possible. here we analyzed 120 faecal samples of pigs at slaughter from 3 different geographical regions of germ ...201424247020
assessment of water quality in a border region between the atlantic forest and an urbanised area in rio de janeiro, brazil.the preservation of water resources is one of the goals of the designation of parks that act as natural reservoirs. in order to assess the impact of the presence of humans in an environmental preservation area bordering urban areas, the presence of four pathogenic enteric viruses [group a rotavirus (rv-a), norovirus (nov), human adenoviruses (hadv), and hepatitis a virus (hav)], as well as the physico-chemical parameters, and escherichia coli levels were assessed in riverine water samples. from ...201424818567
group a rotavirus and bacterial agents associated with diarrhoea-induced hospitalisations in children below 5 years of age in jammu.out of 210 faecal samples collected from children below 5 years attending different hospitals in jammu and exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea, 41.9% samples were found positive for group a rotavirus by rna-page. escherichia coli isolated in the study belonged to nine serogroups, out of which o69 was most frequent, being present in 12.38% samples. e. coli serogroups well recognised as enteropathogens viz. o69, o20 and o153 were present in 27.6% samples. other bacterial pathogens associated wi ...201424399390
assessment of gastroenteric viruses from wastewater directly discharged into uruguay river, uruguay.the aim of this study was to assess the viral contamination of group a rotavirus (rva), norovirus (nov), and human astrovirus (hastv) in sewage directly discharged into uruguay river and to characterize rva genotypes circulating in uruguay. for this purpose, sewage samples (n = 96) were collected biweekly from march 2011 to february 2012 in four uruguayan cities: bella unión, salto, paysandú, and fray bentos. each sample was concentrated by ultracentrifugation method. qualitative and quantitativ ...201424777819
molecular epidemiologic trends of diarrhea-causing virus infection from clinical specimens in cheonan, korea, in 2010-2012.the enteric viruses have high health significance in humans, ranging from poliomyelitis, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis to innocuous infections, and the human enteric viral infection is the one of the most common diseases during early childhood. this study was conducted from july 2010 to october 2012.201424375926
screening of viral pathogens from pediatric ileal tissue samples after vaccination.in 2010, researchers reported that the two us-licensed rotavirus vaccines contained dna or dna fragments from porcine circovirus (pcv). although pcv, a common virus among pigs, is not thought to cause illness in humans, these findings raised several safety concerns. in this study, we sought to determine whether viruses, including pcv, could be detected in ileal tissue samples of children vaccinated with one of the two rotavirus vaccines. a broad spectrum, novel dna detection technology, the lawr ...201424778651
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