Publications

[is there a paraspecific effect of influenza vaccination?].	in a placebo-controlled pilot trial no paraspecific effects of influenza vaccination were evident. an activation of unspecific immune defence in the sense of "biological immune response modifiers" is discussed in literature as a possible positive side effect of the vaccination. according to the authors the trial shows the progress achieved in the production of vaccines, which is the better tolerance of the vaccine.	1989	2532514
kinetic studies on the sialidase of three influenza b and three influenza a virus strains.	sialidase of influenza virus type a has been extensively studied through structural and kinetic approaches. however, sialidase of influenza virus type b has been less investigated. in this work, we have studied the activity and some properties (optimal ph, km, vmax, thermal stability) of sialidase in three influenza virus strains of type b (circulating in the period 1983-86) and also the activity and properties of sialidase from three virus strains of type a circulating at the same period of tim ...	1989	2535486
[comparative study of the hemolytic activity of ortho- and paramyxoviruses].	a comparative study of hemolytic activity of influenza type a, b, and c viruses, human parainfluenza type 3, and sendai virus showed the pattern of ph-dependence and the nature of the curve to differ not only for different viruses under study but also for different erythrocyte species. studies of virus-induced hemolysis of influenza c virus demonstrated that, depending on the erythrocyte species used, it had common properties both with influenza types a and b viruses and with paramyxoviruses.	1989	2548343
[hla system antigens in persons with differing susceptibility to the causative agents of acute respiratory diseases].	the relationship between the susceptibility of the body to infections caused by influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, mycoplasma pneumoniae and antigens of the hla system was studied on a group of 400 adolescents placed under clinico-epidemiological surveillance for two years. the relationship between histocompatibility antigens and acute respiratory diseases was manifested in a decrease or increase in the occurrence of recurrent diseases and infections or in the probab ...	1989	2558471
class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes recognize a limited number of sites on the influenza hemagglutinin.	two distinct regions of the influenza a/jap/305/57 hemagglutinin molecule are identifiable as sites recognized by murine class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) (h-2d)-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) generated in response to immunization with infectious type a influenza virus. each of these sites can be mimicked by a synthetic oligopeptide of approximately 20 amino acids. data presented herein indicate that these two sites define the dominant immunogenic epitopes on the hemagglut ...	1989	2463623
regulation of lymphokine response during reinfection by influenza virus. production of a factor that inhibits lymphokine activity.	mononuclear cells, obtained from the spleens and lungs of influenza virus-seropositive c57bl/6 mice at 2 to 4 days after re-infection with homologous virus (strain a/bangkok/1/79), produced a low m.w. factor in vitro that prevents the biologic expression, but not production, of the lymphokine, leukocyte migration inhibition factor (lif). the low m.w. factor inhibited lif activity without destroying the lif molecule inasmuch as simple dialysis restored lymphokine activity to culture supernatants. ...	1989	2469719
comparison between two peptide epitopes presented to cytotoxic t lymphocytes by hla-a2. evidence for discrete locations within hla-a2.	an influenza b virus nucleoprotein (bnp) peptide, residues 82-94, defined by limited sequence homology with an hla-a2-restricted peptide from influenza a matrix protein, was recognized by hla-a2-restricted ctl. reciprocal inhibition of t cell recognition by the two peptides suggest that the bnp peptide may have lower avidity for hla-a2 molecules than the matrix peptide. the interaction between this peptide and hla-a2 was explored by studying the ctl recognition of bnp 82-94 presented by mutant h ...	1989	2480387
[spread of influenza viruses among synanthropic and semisynanthropic birds of the middle dnieper from the data of serologic studies].		1989	2588558
[neurosonography of the brain in infectious toxicoses in infants].	brain neurosonography was performed in 15 babies with toxicosis-+-linked nervous disorders. three types of the brain structure were established in the patients: 1, marked brain swelling in all patients; 2, concomitant perinatally induced brain structures' changes; 3, intracranial hemorrhage focuses resulting from the dic syndrome. the technique is useful for precise diagnosis and prognosis of the outcome of the neurotoxic coma.	1989	2588907
influenza b, q fever, and the consequences of febrile illness occurring during jungle warfare training: a clinical and serological study.	seventy-one royal marines undergoing jungle warfare training were studied clinically and serologically to determine the incidence and consequences of febrile illness. during acclimatization and the early part of the deployment the incidence of illness having an impact on training was low; during the latter part an outbreak of influenza b occurred, with 25 cases diagnosed clinically. only 12 of these were confirmed serologically, probably because the outbreak was still in progress when the second ...	1989	2600890
synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 6-p-ethylphenyl-5h-pyrrolo [3,4-b]pyridine-5,7-dione.	the synthesis of 6-(p-ethylphenyl)-5h-pyrrolo [3,4-b]pyridine-5,7-dione is described. the compound has been studied for its in vitro activity on rna-containing influenza viruses types a and b. the preliminary results indicate that the compound has a significant antiviral activity against influenza viruses types a and b at concentrations at which no cytotoxic effects on mrc-5 cells in tissue culture are present.	1989	2604840
[antigenic characteristics of influenza b virus strains isolated in an orphanage during an influenza outbreak in moscow in the winter of 1988].	examinations of ard patients in an orphanage for defective children in moscow during an influenza outbreak in the winter of 1988 yielded 12 influenza virus strains, including 6 influenza b strains and 6 influenza a (h3n2) strains. the antigenic analysis of hemagglutinin of influenza b virus isolates showed that with respect to the b/leningrad/179/86 strain (an antigenic analogue of b/ann arbor/1/86 strain recommended for inclusion into the influenza vaccine for 1987-1988) they could be divided i ...	1989	2609641
[attenuated recombinant influenza type b virus obtained during crossing of virus b/ann arbor/2/86 with the cold-adapted strain b/leningrad/14/17/55].	crossing the cold-adapted b/leningrad/14/17/55 strain with the temperature-sensitive virulent b/ann arbor/2/86 strain yielded a recombinant b/14/5/1 which, by the antigenic specificity of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, corresponded to the b/ann arbor/2/86 strain but, like the attenuated donor, had the cold-adapter characteristics. the b/14/5/1 recombinant inherited the genes coding for proteins pb2, pb1, pa, np, and m from the attenuated master strain and the genes coding for hemagglutinin, ne ...	1989	2609642
[isolation and crystallization of neuraminidase of the influenza b virus strain b/leningrad/179/86].		1989	2609649
[synthesis of virus-specific rna in cells infected with influenza b virus].	synthesis of virus-specific rna in cells infected with influenza b virus was studied by means of page analysis of rna hybrid duplexes or nucleocapsid-associated rna. a switch from an "early" to "late" pattern was registered in the relative rates of synthesis of the corresponding mrna as well as in the synthesis of vrna segments 7 and 8. contrary to the pattern described earlier for influenza a virus, the relative rate of synthesis of mrna 5 was increased at the late stage of the replication cycl ...	1989	2615771
an outbreak of influenza in jamaica (1986).	an outbreak of febrile illness at the police training academy in st. catherine, jamaica in october, 1986 is described. influenza a similar to type a/taiwan/86 (h1n1) was confirmed serologically in 33 cases, and influenza b similar to type b/ann arbor/86 in 1 case. clinical findings included upper respiratory symptoms (97%) headache (74%), fever (68%), joint pains (39%) and retro-orbital pain (26%). the role of vaccination and chemoprophylaxis in the prevention of influenza is discussed, and the ...	1989	2618029
[the determination of the interdependence of the infectivity of different groups of birds with the influenza virus by using mathematical modelling].	when studying sera in the hemagglutination-inhibition reaction which has been taken from 772 fowls of 82 species caught in certain regions of the dnieper in 1981-1987 the antibodies to 29 strains of the influenza virus are revealed, all of them being of human and animal origin. the serological examination has shown the circulation of the influenza virus with hemagglutinin h13 in a wide range of water fowls, the level of antibodies to it being dependent on the species of fowls and season. using t ...	1989	2622402
one-incubation time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies in detection of influenza a and b viruses directly in clinical specimens.	a new modified enzyme immunoassay screening method was developed for testing hybridoma cultures, so as to select antibodies useful for solid phase assays. samples of hybridoma cultures were incubated for 1 h with purified nucleoprotein preparation in microtiter wells precoated with rabbit anti-influenza a or b immunoglobulin, followed by washing and addition of anti-mouse hrpo-conjugate. the monoclonal antibodies were then used in one-incubation time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) for detec ...	1989	2643611
immunoassay for serologic diagnosis of influenza type a using recombinant dna produced nucleoprotein antigen and monoclonal antibody to human igg.	influenza type a nucleoprotein (np) derived from the full length cloned gene expressed in e. coli was evaluated in a solid phase enzyme immunoassay (eia) for detection of human antibody to influenza. monoclonal antibody to human igg was used for detection. direct and indirect assays were developed and sera were tested in serial and single dilution formats. preliminary results indicated that recombinant-and virion-derived np antigens were comparable in binding ability to plastic and binding human ...	1989	2646393
postinfluenza toxic shock syndrome.	postinfluenza toxic shock syndrome is a recently described entity that results from a respiratory tract infection with toxin-producing staphylococcus aureus following an episode of influenza or influenzalike illness. this report describes a 19-year-old man who developed an influenza b respiratory infection complicated by staphylococcal pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome. the patient improved rapidly with specific antibiotic therapy, emphasizing the importance of considering this otherwise highly ...	1989	2651040
rapid detection of influenza virus infections in human fetal lung diploid cell cultures.	haemadsorbing foci were found in human fetal lung (hfl) diploid cell cultures 12 h after inoculation with influenza viruses a and b. the size and number of the foci were maximal after 48 h of incubation, being limited by production of an unidentified inhibitor. by contrast, inoculation with parainfluenza virus type 3 led to haemadsorption which increased during 10 days of incubation. for the detection of influenza viruses a and b maximum sensitivity was achieved by changing the medium, the day b ...	1989	2663998
influenza b in transplant patients.	six cases of influenza b occurred in transplanted patients in a period of 3 weeks. three renal allograft recipients recovered within 5 days without antiviral therapy. two allogeneic bone marrow recipients were treated with ribavirin inhalations during the leukopenic phase. treatment was given until influenza b was no longer detected and fever disappeared after 5 and 6 days, respectively. engraftment was not delayed and no side-effects were noted. one recipient of autologous marrow was treated fo ...	1989	2667101
rapid 24-well plate centrifugation assay for detection of influenza a virus in clinical specimens.	two methods for detection of influenza virus in 234 clinical respiratory specimens were compared: (i) a 24-well plate-centrifugation assay using madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells and staining with monoclonal antibody pools to influenza a and b (centers for disease control, atlanta, ga) after incubation for 16 h and 40 h, and (ii) conventional tube cell culture using mdck cells and primary rhesus monkey kidney cells. influenza a was identified in 23 specimens (10%). no influenza b was recove ...	1989	2668316
successful use of shell vial centrifugation and 16 to 18-hour immunofluorescent staining for the detection of influenza a and b in clinical specimens.	the rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b infections is beneficial for the proper management of patients with acute respiratory illness. the authors evaluated a shell vial centrifugation method to detect these viruses 16-18 hours postinoculation and compared it with conventional tube cell culture. rhesus monkey kidney cells were used in both methods. conventional culture of 334 respiratory specimens recovered 64 influenza isolates; the average time to positivity was 4.1 days. low-speed shell vial ...	1989	2679041
[stat-diagnosis of influenza using lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis].	a test system for influenza diagnosis has been developed on the basis of monoclonal antibodies to influenza a and b virus proteins using the principles of lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis. the diagnostic test system was shown to be highly specific in detecting influenza a and b virions in model systems. for the one-step variant of a double sandwich used in the study, the total time of diagnostic experiment using clinical materials was shown to be reduced to 15-20 min.	1989	2692301
influenza serosurvey for 1988-1989 season.		1989	2702698
natural or vaccine-induced antibody as a predictor of immunity in the face of natural challenge with influenza viruses.	a study of influenza in residential schools provided the opportunity to assess the significance of antibody as a predictor of immunity. five hundred and fifty-six pupils from 8 schools were included in the investigations, and the outcome for these children in 27 naturally occurring outbreaks of influenza was analysed. the outbreaks comprised 5 caused by strains of influenza a h3n2, 10 caused by strains of influenza a h1n1, and 12 caused by strains of influenza b. on 8 occasions a second outbreak ...	1989	2703026
improved colorimetric assay for detecting influenza b virus neutralizing antibody responses to vaccination and infection.	an automated neutralization test for influenza b virus is described in which antibody titers are determined according to the release of neutral red from infected or uninfected cells of the madin-darby canine kidney line. endpoints are determined in a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. the test requires no expensive immunologic reagents and was used to evaluate responses to both vaccination and natural infection against influenza b virus. overall responses to vaccination were comp ...	1989	2715324
family functioning and stress as predictors of influenza b infection.	a prospective cohort study was designed to study the effects of family functioning and stress on the incidence of influenza infection. families from the clinic roster, containing two adults and at least one child between the ages of 1 and 18 years, were asked to participate. baseline (pre-influenza) data included a serum determination for influenza a and b antibodies, family functioning as measured by the family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scales (faces) ii and the family apgar, and par ...	1989	2715769
protein and nucleic acid analysis of influenza b viruses isolated in italy in 1984.	genomic and phenotypic analysis of 30 influenza b viruses, isolated in italy in 1984, antigenically closely related to the b/ussr/100/83 prototype virus, was carried out using t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of total rna and one-dimensional peptide mapping. the results of fingerprinting analysis indicated an oligonucleotide spot homology of 90-96%, corresponding to a nucleotide sequence variation of only 0.75-0.3%. all the strains appear to belong to the same evolutionary line. nevertheless, h ...	1989	2723613
sequence of a cdna clone of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza b/ann arbor/1/86.		1989	2726497
cross-protection against microvariants of influenza virus type b by vaccinia viruses expressing haemagglutinins from egg- or mdck cell-derived subpopulations of influenza virus type b/england/222/82.	b/singapore/222/79-like influenza viruses isolated from three patients during the winter of 1981 to 1982 and cultured in either embryonated hens' eggs or mdck cells were studied. sequence analysis indicated that the haemagglutinin (ha) genes of the six virus preparations contained at least four distinct ha1 sequences which differed by up to six amino acids. only one pair of viruses had amino acid differences between the egg- and mdck cell-derived viral subpopulations and this change did not affe ...	1989	2732722
a human melanoma cell line highly susceptible to influenza c virus.	the relative amounts of influenza c virus-specific receptors of 25 established lines of mammalian cells including four lines of human malignant melanoma origin were compared by virus binding experiments. all the human melanoma cell cultures studied possessed two to four times more receptors than were found on mdck cells, a cell line known to be highly susceptible to influenza c virus. it may therefore be a feature common to human melanoma cells that o-acetylsialic acid, a determinant for the att ...	1989	2738578
fatal rhabdomyolysis following influenza infection in a girl with familial carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency.	severe rhabdomyolysis following an influenza b infection developed in a previously well 13-year-old girl. there was no history of trauma. her course was complicated by episodes of severe hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and myoglobinuria. renal failure, hypertension, and life-threatening arrhythmias developed; she died. muscle biopsy revealed that this girl had carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency. an asymptomatic sister was demonstrated to have the same disorder. although car ...	1989	2748260
national advisory committee on immunization (naci).		1989	2758483
comparison of the three large polymerase proteins of influenza a, b, and c viruses.	the three large rna segments of influenza c virus c/jj/50 were cloned and sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with those of the polymerase (p) proteins of influenza a and b viruses. the coding strategy of the c virus rna segments is the same as that for the large a and b virus segments as one long open reading frame is present in each segment. rna segment 1 of influenza c virus encodes the equivalent of the pb2 protein; it has an approximate 25% sequence identity with t ...	1989	2763462
serological evidence for influenza virus activity in nigeria (1985-1987).	a study to determine the activity of influenza virus among the children population was undertaken between 1985 and 1987 in nigeria. paired sera were obtained from children presenting with respiratory diseases at the children emergency and outpatient clinics of the university college hospital, ibadan. forty-two paired sera were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition test to determine hi antibody level of the patients to different serotypes of influenza virus. ninety percent of the children show ...	1989	2773309
molecular hybridization with dna probes as a laboratory diagnosis test for influenza viruses: further investigations on the possibilities of the method.	the possibilities of the molecular hybridization test, i.e. test, i.e. using neuraminidase probes of different subtypes for subtype specific detection of influenza, as well as different probes (pa, m, np) for type a specific detection of influenza viruses in infected cells were shown. the results of molecular hybridization in washings' analyses from patients during the outbreaks give us an opportunity to make some conclusions about the usefulness of the method in epidemic control of influenza mo ...	1989	2773310
the use of intravenous ribavirin to treat influenza virus-associated acute myocarditis.	we studied three patients with influenza virus-associated fulminant myocarditis; one was infected by type b and the others by type a influenza virus. in one patient, dissemination of type a (h1n1) virus to the myocardium was demonstrated, and viremia complicated the clinical course despite the use of oral amantadine hcl and ribavirin aerosol. all patients were treated with iv ribavirin, two initially and the third after viremia was detected during hyperacute rejection of a cardiac transplant. no ...	1989	2775346
enhancement of protective antibody responses by cholera toxin b subunit inoculated intranasally with influenza vaccine.	effects of the b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) on the primary antibody responses to influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr-8) (h1n1) ha vaccine and on protection against viral challenge were investigated in balb/c mice which were immunized intranasally with both the vaccine and ctb. the dose of ctb (greater than or equal to 1 microgram) inoculated with the vaccine (greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram) induced high responses of both antiviral iga antibodies in the nasal wash and haemagglutinin-inhibi ...	1989	2781859
attenuation and phenotypic stability of influenza b/texas/1/84 cold-adapted reassortant virus: studies in hamsters and chimpanzees.	the temperature sensitivity, level of attenuation, and phenotypic stability of an influenza b/texas/1/84 x b/ann arbor/1/66 cold-adapted (ca) reassortant virus that received the rna segments that encode the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface glycoproteins from the b/texas/84 wild-type virus and the remaining six rna segments from the b/ann arbor/66 ca donor virus were evaluated. in comparison to wild-type virus, the ca reassortant was restricted in replication in the upper and lower respira ...	1989	2794557
sequence analyses of thogoto viral rna segment 3: evidence for a distant relationship between an arbovirus and members of the orthomyxoviridae.	the genome of thogoto (tho) virus, an unclassified tick-borne virus, comprises six segments of single-stranded rna. the complete sequence of the third largest rna segment has been determined from overlapping cdna clones and by primer extension studies. segment 3 rna consists of 1865 nucleotides (approx. 6.2 x 10(5) mr). it has a large open reading frame (orf1;597 amino acids, 68.6k) in its virus-complementary sequence, confirming that the rna has a negative-sense coding strategy. a transcription ...	1989	2794982
detection of influenza virus by centrifugal inoculation of mdck cells and staining with monoclonal antibodies.	two methods for detection of influenza virus in 451 clinical respiratory specimens were compared: (i) 24-well-plate centrifugation with madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells and staining with monoclonal antibody pools to influenza viruses a and b (centers for disease control, atlanta, ga.) in an indirect immunofluorescence assay after incubation for 40 h, and (ii) conventional tissue cell culture with primary monkey cells and hemadsorption. for 100 of these specimens, direct examination of smea ...	1989	2808674
family function, stress, and influenza.		1989	2809518
relation of chronic disease and immune response to influenza vaccine in the elderly.	the ability of elderly patients to mount an adequate immune response to influenza vaccine has been debated. we studied the serum haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody response in elderly persons to determine whether different degrees of chronic illness were a critical factor in immune response. in autumn 1986, trivalent split virus vaccine was used to immunize 87 healthy ambulatory elderly adults and 53 institutionalized elderly adults. the pre-vaccination health status of the healthy elder ...	1989	2815966
protection against influenza virus infection by a two-dose regimen of nasal vaccination using vaccines combined with cholera toxin b subunit.	the effectiveness of the two-dose regimen, composed of a primary intranasal inoculation of influenza a-type virus ha vaccine together with b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) and the subsequent intranasal inoculation of vaccine alone 4 weeks later, was examined. in mice given a relatively high dose of virus a/pr/8/34 (pr-8, h1n1) ha vaccine (1.5 micrograms) both as a primary antigen with ctb (1 microgram) and as the second antigen, the secondary responses of both antiviral iga antibodies in nasal w ...	1989	2815967
immune response to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in young and elderly subjects.	the antibody response (determined using the single radial haemolysis in gel technique) to inactivated whole-virion trivalent influenza vaccine [a/leningrad/360/86(h3n2), a/taiwan/5/87 and b/ann arbor/1/86], recommended for the 1987-88 winter season in italy, in 49 elderly (age greater than or equal to 60 years) subjects was compared with the response in 23 young adult (age less than 60 years) volunteers. the subjects were prevalently healthy and a high percentage of young and old people had been ...	1989	2815969
broad-spectrum in vivo antiviral activity of 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine, a novel immunopotentiating agent.	a novel immunopotentiating agent, 5-amino-3-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazolo [4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,7(3h,6h)-dione (7-thia-8-oxoguanosine), lacks virus-inhibitory properties in vitro but induces interferon and potentiates immune functions, such as natural killer cell activity. it was evaluated in rodent models to determine the spectrum of antiviral activity and effective treatment regimens. at 50 to 200 mg/kg given as single or divided intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses 1 day before virus inoculation, signif ...	1989	2817849
control of influenza: when do i use amantadine?	influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in canada yearly despite the availability of vaccine and the antiviral drug amantadine (symmetrel®). vaccine is prepared annually against specific subtypes of influenza a and b that are anticipated to predominate during the winter months. the vaccine should be given in early autumn to patients considered at high risk for the sequelae of influenza. amantadine, which was first marketed for the treatment of influenza in the early 1960s, is effect ...	1989	21249092
human anti-p68 autoantibodies recognize a common epitope of u1 rna containing small nuclear ribonucleoprotein and influenza b virus.	autoantibodies from patients with systemic rheumatic diseases were used to map antigenic sites on the 68-kd autoantigen (p68) associated with (u1)rna-containing small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snrnp) particles. with truncated recombinant fusion proteins and synthetic peptides, a subset of anti-p68 autoantibodies was found to recognize the amino acid sequence motif glu-arg-lys-arg-arg (erkrr). to investigate the possible involvement of epitopes shared by microbial antigens and host self-componen ...	1990	1689763
antigenic, sequence, and crystal variation in influenza b neuraminidase.	the neuraminidase (na) genes of influenza b viruses b/maryland/59, b/hong kong/8/73, b/singapore/222/79, b/oregon/5/80, b/ussr/100/83, b/victoria/3/85, b/leningrad/179/86, b/memphis/6/86, and b/memphis/3/89 have been sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences show high variability in the stalk domain of the na, but a surprising degree of sequence conservation in the head region which carries all the antigenic and enzyme activity. the variable region coding for the neuraminidase stalk also trans ...	1990	1695410
[the genotyping of reassortants of the influenza virus type b].	a rapid method requiring a small amount of materials is described for genotyping of influenza type b virus reassortants. it allows one to carry out within a short time a simultaneous analysis of the genome of 12 virus strains by pag electrophoresis of virion rnas. the conditions for the detection of the greatest strain-specific differences in the mobility of individual rna segments of influenza b virus were found: 3.3% pag plus 4.5 m urea, although the most reliable results were obtained by comp ...	1990	1699357
[the detection of the antigens of influenza viruses a and b in the blood of healthy donors].	blood clots and sera were obtained from donors at a moscow city transfusion clinic during 1984-1988 and tested by indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with original test-sera to hemagglutinating antigens of influenza a (h1 and h3) and b viruses. examinations of 1714 blood samples demonstrated hemagglutinating antigens of different specificity (from 0.8% to 35%), the detection rate of one or another antigen correlating with the epidemic activity of influenza virus serovariants a and b. the vir ...	1990	1699358
measurement of anti-influenza neuraminidase antibody using a peroxidase-linked lectin and microtitre plates coated with natural substrates.	neuraminidase-induced removal of sialic acid from natural substrates (desialylation) unmasks saccharides that are specifically recognized by the lectin peanut agglutinin (pna). we demonstrate that, when a neuraminidase substrate is coated on to the wells of a microplate, it is possible to quantitate the binding of pna to the desialylated substrate using a peroxidase-conjugated pna (po-pna). the amount of bound pna correlated directly with the amount of sialic acid removed from the substrate and ...	1990	1703190
[selection of antigenic variants of the influenza virus on the cells of different hosts].	antigenic differences were found in influenza b virus variants isolated and propagated in different systems: chick embryos (e variants) and mdck cell culture (m variants). the antigenic differences in m and e variants were detected in hi tests with polyclonal mouse sera and monoclonal antibodies as well as in biological neutralization tests in chick embryos and mdck cell culture, and confirmed when m and e variants were used as antigens for antibody detection in human sera. by protein mobility i ...	1990	1707196
[the antigenic specificity of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza b virus reproducing in different cell systems].		1990	1707198
viruses associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children from the eastern highlands of papua new guinea (1983-1985).	this study, conducted at goroka hospital from january 1983 to june 1985, examined the viruses identified in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) and urines collected from 716 hospitalised children with moderate or severe pneumonia, in npa from 170 children with mild pneumonia treated as outpatients and in npa from a control group of 428 children attending the outpatient department of goroka hospital suffering from minor ailments other than upper or lower respiratory tract infections. one or more virus ...	1990	1963705
cross-protection against influenza b type virus infection by intranasal inoculation of the ha vaccines combined with cholera toxin b subunit.	the relationship between the antibody responses to various influenza b type virus ha vaccines and protection against live b virus infection was investigated in balb/c mice which had been inoculated intranasally with a combination of the ha vaccines and b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) 4 weeks previously. the inoculation of ha vaccine, prepared from b/ibaraki/2/85 (b/ibaraki), b/nagasaki/1/87 (b/nagasaki) or b/aichi/5/88 (b/aichi) viruses, combined with ctb induced high levels of both nasal iga a ...	1990	1965078
evaluation of the toxicity and antiviral activity of carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in tissue culture and in cotton rats.	the toxicity and antiviral efficacy of carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (cc3ado) against respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) virus infections were tested in tissue culture and in cotton rats. the mean median efficacious dose (ed50) of cc3ado in hep2 cells against rsv and piv3 was 9 and 14 micrograms/ml, respectively. these values were 85- and 55-fold less than the median inhibitory (toxic) dose (id50) of cc3ado in this cell line (750 micrograms/ml), and similar to values obta ...	1990	1965109
[the incidence of exacerbations in chronic diseases in patients hospitalized with influenza and para-influenza].	a retrospective analysis was made of the case reports of 829 patients admitted to the infectious department with a diagnosis of influenza (592) and parainfluenza (237). in all the patients, the diagnosis was supported serologically with the aid of the hemagglutination inhibition test, with the antibody titer in the serum rising 4-fold and more. in part of the patients the indicated test was used in combination with the immunofluorescence test in studying nasopharyngeal smears, whereas in part of ...	1990	1965617
[respiratory viral infections in young children 1988-1990].	from october 1988 to june 1989 the studies on viral infections of respiratory tract were done in specimens taken from 461 children, aged 0-2 years. similarly to the observations in previous epidemic seasons infections due to rs and parainfluenza type 3 viruses were dominated. these studies included also influenza type c and parainfluenza type 4 viruses with unknown epidemiology in poland. the insignificant role of these infections in small children was estimated according to the low ratio of det ...	1990	1966118
heterogeneity of influenza b virus strains isolated in a local area of the disease during an influenza outbreak.	ten strains of influenza b virus isolated in a local focus during an influenza outbreak were found to include 9 virus strain variants as demonstrated by different antigenicity of their haemagglutinin, ts-marker, sensitivity to heating at 56 degrees c/30 min, and to non-specific serum inhibitors. these strains induced antibodies in rats which interacted more actively with the virus isolated in earlier periods of this outbreak than with that isolated later. it might indicate that all strains origi ...	1990	1975979
influenza virus detection in clinical specimens.	the authors compared the results of influenza a (h1n1) and influenza a (h3n2) virus detection in nasopharyngeal swabs from flu patients by molecular hybridization (mh), elisa, virus isolation and seroconversion. using the immunofluorescence (if) technique influenza virus was detected in cell suspensions from the first chick embryo passage. altogether 63 swabs from various epidemic seasons were separated into 3 groups according to specimen sampling and storage. it was shown that influenza virus r ...	1990	1981455
evaluation of the anti-influenza virus activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide (ly217896) and its sodium salt.	1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide (ly217896) and its sodium salt were shown to be effective against influenza a and b viruses in vitro and in the mouse model. in nondividing confluent mdck cells, the 50% inhibitory concentration of ly217896 ranged from 0.37 to 1.19 micrograms/ml against various strains of influenza a virus and from 0.75 to 1.54 micrograms/ml against various strains of influenza b virus, with no apparent cytotoxicity. however, at a concentration of 0.31 microgram/ml, ly217896 inhibi ...	1990	2073106
[surveillance of influenza in tananarive. 1989].	the authors report results of epidemiological survey of influenza in tananarive. this survey is based on respiratory morbidity observed in an interprofessional health center, and virus isolation. two viruses have circulated in 1989: b virus (b/victoria/2/87) during first half-year, and a: a/victoria/36/88 (h1n1) virus during dry season with a pick in november. influenzae has been responsible of grouped sporadic cases without epidemic diffusion.	1990	2078081
anti-influenza virus activity of the compound ly253963.	the compound ly253963 (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide) inhibited the in vitro replication of representative influenza a and b viruses in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells at concentrations of 1-3.2 micrograms/ml. the yield of an influenza a (h3n2) virus in primary rhesus monkey kidney (rmk) cells was inhibited at 0.1-0.3 micrograms/ml. however, similar concentrations were inhibitory for the growth of uninfected mcdk or rmk cells. combination drug studies generally found indifferent interact ...	1990	2080866
[acute respiratory infections of viral origin in the children of algiers, algeria based on a seroepidemiological study].	401 double serum samples from 0 to 14 year old children with acute respiratory diseases (ard) were analysed in view to establish the viral etiology. 198 (49.4%) out of the 401 were positive. the syncytial respiratory virus (srv) was the most frequent (29.8%) among the positives, followed by the parainfluenzae virus type 3 (24.7), the influenza a virus (23.7%), the parainfluenzae type 1 (8.5%), the influenza b (7%) and the parainfluenza type 2 (2%). seven samples out of 109 were positive for aden ...	1990	2099830
[the virological study of a certified focus of acute respiratory diseases in a half-closed community].	an acute respiratory disease outbreak appeared during february and march 1988 in a half-closed community. virologic investigations were conducted and an influenza virus type b strain was isolated, antigenically like b/victoria 2/87. administration of the anti-influenza vaccine in the fifth day of the outbreak evolution led to considerable reduction of the new cases and to outbreak extinction after 48 hours.	1990	2099831
[profile of influenza viruses in poland 1986-1990].	during the years 1986 through 1990 we isolated 69 strains of influenza viruses of which 43 were a(h3n2), 22--a(h1n1) and 4 b strains. influenza a(h3n2) viruses isolated in 1986, 1988, 1989 and 1990 were similar to a/mississippi 1/85, a/inverness 3491/85, a/sichuan 2/87 and a/oms 5389/88. influenza a(h1n1) viruses isolated in 1987 and 1989 were similar to a/taiwan 1/86 and a/singapore 6/86 strains. influenza b viruses isolated in 1988 were similar to b/victoria 2/87 and b/beijing 1/87 strains.	1990	2100811
[haemophilus influenzae type b: subtyping of strains isolated from respiratory infections using the outer membrane protein profiles].	sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) applied to outer membrane protein (omp), extracted by a micromethod, was employed to subtype h. influenza b type i. a total of 37 h. influenzae b strains were isolated from children under 4 years of age, either with lower acute respiratory infection (lari), or asymptomatic carriers matched according sex, socioeconomic level and seasonality. twenty seven out of the 37 h. influenzae b strains belonged to biotype i. on the basis ...	1990	2102010
[community viral pneumonia in the adult population: a prospective multicenter study of 62 cases. the pneumonia study group of the community of valencia].	the present work prospectively analyzes, in a multicentric study, viral pneumonias acquired in the community during one year. were studied 510 patients diagnosed of pneumonia in hospital, or whom 62 (12.1%) had a viral origin. influenza virus a and b were the most common causative agents (47.6% and 20.6% respectively). smoking habit was present in 44% of patients, previous ocfa in 45% and other previous pathology in 64.4%. the greatest number of registered cases was during december. the most fre ...	1990	2102533
[diagnosis of influenza virus type a and b infections].		1990	2113124
eukaryotic coupled translation of tandem cistrons: identification of the influenza b virus bm2 polypeptide.	previous nucleotide sequence analysis of rna segment 7 of influenza b virus indicated that, in addition to the reading frame encoding the 248 amino acid m1 protein, there is a second overlapping reading frame (bm2orf) of 585 nucleotides that has the coding capacity for 195 amino acids. to search for a polypeptide product derived from bm2orf, a genetically engineered beta-galactosidase-bm2orf fusion protein was expressed in escherichia coli and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum was raised to the puri ...	1990	2114979
influenza surveillance--wales, 1988-89.	important functions of influenza surveillance include early detection of epidemics-enabling immunization of persons not previously covered by routine immunization programs, notification of health providers to prepare for the possible impact on clinical workloads and hospital admissions, and characterization of prevalent strains to permit the timely production of appropriate vaccines. in 1986, a general-practice-based surveillance system was established in wales to facilitate reporting of infecti ...	1990	2123515
nucleotide sequence and some biological properties of the ns gene of a newly isolated influenza b virus mutant which has a long carboxyl terminal deletion in the ns1 protein.	by a heterotypic cross between influenza viruses a/wsn (h1n1) and b/yamagata/1/73, we obtained a mutant of b/yamagata (awby-234), which expressed a greatly truncated ns1 protein with molecular weight of 13,500. direct sequencing of the ns gene of the mutant revealed a deletion of a single uridine base at the position 310, 311, or 312 of the plus sense rna, giving rise to a new stop codon at the position 314-316. the resulting ns1 protein was predicted to be composed of only 90 amino acids, compa ...	1990	2136779
epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in israel, 1981-90.	in the western world, haemophilus influenzae type b is an important cause of morbidity and long-term disability in children. the availability of vaccines capable of preventing h. influenzae type b disease in very young infants stimulated this longitudinal observational review of the epidemiology of h. influenzae type b meningitis in israel, based on cases reported to the ministry of health in the decade 1981-90.	1990	2152153
cold recombinant influenza b/texas/1/84 vaccine virus (crb 87): attenuation, immunogenicity, and efficacy against homotypic challenge.	healthy susceptible young adults were inoculated intranasally with increasing doses of wild-type influenza b/texas/1/84, or the cold-adapted vaccine possessing the genes specifying the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the wild-type parent and the six internal genes of cold adapted b/ann arbor/1/66 (crb 87). most volunteers inoculated with 10(6.6)-10(7.6) tcid50 of crb 87 were infected, but a high frequency of serum antibody responses was seen only at the highest dose (17/29; 59%). the dose of ...	1990	2153185
viral lower respiratory tract infections in filipino children.	viral causes of acute lower respiratory tract infection were studied prospectively between 15 june and 31 october 1984 in 312 filipino children less than 5 years old living in periurban slums and middle-class housing. the cause was based on viral antigen detection, virus isolation, and antibody assays. there were 131 children (41.2%) who were admitted to the hospital, and 150 (47%) had an infiltrate on chest radiograph. a total of 198 viral infections were confirmed in 162 patients (51.9%), 42.3 ...	1990	2153734
prevention and control of influenza. recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (acip)		1990	2159107
effect of influenza virus strains on lipid metabolism of infected hek cells.	we have shown previously that in infected hel cells varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes a shift from polar to neutral lipid synthesis and that some strains of the virus depressed total lipid synthesis. in this report we show that vzv produces a similar effect on the lipid metabolism of infected human embryonic kidney cells. the pattern of lipid synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells infected with either of two strains of influenza type a virus was similar to that of control uninfected cells, ...	1990	2165041
the influenza b virus mouse model of reye's syndrome: clinical, virologic and morphologic studies of the encephalopathy.	the influenza b virus mouse model of reye's syndrome was studied to learn more about the encephalopathy in reye's syndrome. one to 3 days after intravenous influenza b/lee virus, balb/c mice became lethargic, seized and lapsed into a fatal coma. wide-spread cerebral edema without inflammation developed 1-3 days after virus inoculation. swollen astrocytic foot processes containing increased glial fibrillary acidic protein were located around capillaries. viral particles were not seen by electron ...	1990	2169526
anti-viral immunity induced by recombinant nucleoprotein of influenza a virus. ii. protection from influenza infection and mechanism of protection.	protection against influenza a virus infection in mice immunized with recombinant nucleoprotein (rnp) was studied. nucleoprotein-immune mice were protected against a lethal challenge with a/puerto rico/8/34 (a/pr8) virus but showed considerable morbidity before recovery. local boosting of the immune system with rnp by intranasal immunization improved the protection in np-immune mice, and the decrease in morbidity after infection was reflected in accelerated clearance of virus from lungs. however ...	1990	2172156
[the incidence of influenzal, para-influenzal and adenoviral antigens in keratoconjunctivitis patients during immunization with nivgrip vaccine].	repeated intranasal administrations of nivgrip, influenza inactivated vaccine, to patients with chronic recurrent keratoconjunctivitis, led to a significant reduction of respiratory virus incidence, as revealed by the immunofluorescence test in the conjunctive epithelial cells. the effect is probably due to endogenous interferon stimulation by the vaccine, at the nasopharyngeal level.	1990	2176535
isolation and identification of viral agents in argentinian children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.	from a total population of 1,002 children with acute lower respiratory infection (alri), identification of virus was achieved in 304 cases. in this survey, 1,000 nasopharyngeal aspirate and 13 lung tissue samples were tested in four cell lines (hep-2, mrc-5, mdck, and llc-mk2) and by indirect immunofluorescence (iif), while 242 paired sera were studied by complement fixation. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was the most frequently detected agent (n = 183), followed by adenovirus (n = 28), para ...	1990	2176736
a hospital-based study of acute viral infections of the respiratory tract in thai children, with emphasis on laboratory diagnosis.	the hospital-based study described here examined the viruses found in 738 children less than 5 years old who presented at ramathibodi hospital, bangkok, thailand, from january 1986 to december 1987 with acute respiratory tract infections. three methods for detection of viral infection are compared: direct examination of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract with the use of fluorescent antibody staining, isolation of virus, and measurement of antibody in acute- and convalescent-phase sera. vi ...	1990	2176738
the sequence of changes in liver and brain in the influenza b virus mouse model of reye's syndrome.	the time course of morphologic changes in the influenza b mouse model of reye's syndrome is described and compared to the clinical, virologic, and biochemical changes. following an intravenous inoculation of a lethal dose of an egg adapted strain of influenza b/lee/40 virus, mice first showed clinical signs of lethargy and ruffled fur at 12 hours (h) post inoculation (pi). the earliest morphologic changes in the liver occurred at 12 h pi, and consisted of a slight increase in fat and loss of gly ...	1990	2177102
evaluation in children of cold-adapted influenza b live attenuated intranasal vaccine prepared by reassortment between wild-type b/ann arbor/1/86 and cold-adapted b/leningrad/14/55 viruses.	a reassortant cold-adapted (ca) influenza b experimental live attenuated intranasal vaccine was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in children by means of a blind, placebo controlled study. the vaccine contained the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes, and the gene for its non-structural proteins from wild-type (wt) b/ann arbor/1/86 virus, the contemporary strain at the time of the study. other genes were derived from ca b/leningrad/14/55 virus. no increase in illness rates was seen in t ...	1990	2180233
differential interaction of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains with ferret alveolar macrophages: possible role in pathogenicity.	the ferret provides a unique model for the study of human influenza. the interaction between alveolar macrophages and virus strains with different levels of virulence was examined in vitro. the greater virulence of wild-type a strains over type b and c viruses was reflected in the higher production of infectious virus progeny and subsequent cytopathology, even though the expression of viral antigens was equivalent for all strains tested. these included a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) and a/rochester/1/8 ...	1990	2181032
expression of influenza a and b virus nucleoprotein antigens in baculovirus.	full-length cdna clones of the nucleoprotein (np) genes of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 and b/ann arbor/1/86 viruses were constructed from virion rna and subsequently expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells using the baculovirus vector, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. western blot analysis of lysates prepared from sf9 cells infected with the recombinant viruses confirmed that the baculovirus-expressed np antigens were reactive with monoclonal antibodies specific for eithe ...	1990	2197370
[influenza viruses studied by fluorescent immunoassay with temporary resolution].	monoclonal antibodies, epidemic strains of influenza a and b viruses, conjugates were studied by fluorescence immunoassay with temporary resolution using equipment of different companies. differences and specificity of monoclonal antibodies to influenza a and b viruses were demonstrated. the highest sensitivity of the method with the test system used was determined, being 20 ng/ml of viral protein. the method was shown to be useful for influenza virus detection both in solutions containing purif ...	1990	2202151
hepatic steatosis during convalescence from influenza b infection in ferrets with postprandial hyperinsulinemia.	the possibility that postprandial hyperinsulinemia could play a role in the development of hepatic lipid disturbances during convalescence from influenza b infection was explored in the ferret as a possible model of the steatosis of reye's syndrome. postprandial hyperinsulinemia was produced by feeding young ferrets glucose/water and a regular diet (glucose-treated group), as reflected by the mean serum insulin levels attained, which were 57 and 135 microu/ml during control and postinfluenza per ...	1990	2205696
influenza b virus mrna synthesis in vivo: efficient transcription of vrnas 1, 2 and 3.	influenza b virus genomic rna (vrna) segments encoding polymerase proteins were shown to be efficiently transcribed in vivo, unlike those of influenza a virus. the results are discussed in connection with the primary structure of the 3' ends of vrna segments.	1990	2212997
the hemagglutinin of influenza b virus present in clinical material is a single species identical to that of mammalian cell-grown virus.	when clinical specimens of influenza virus are adapted to grow in embryonated hens' eggs, variants are selected which have specific amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (ha). in contrast, a single virus, distinct from any egg-adapted variant, is selected when virus is isolated on mdck mammalian cell culture. we have utilized the polymerase chain reaction to determine the nature of the hemagglutinin of influenza b viruses present in clinical material prior to cultivation in the laborator ...	1990	2219728
[the structure of carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus b/leningrad/179/86].	the main surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (ha), was obtained by treatment of influenza virus b/leningrad/179/86 with bromelain. amino acid and monosaccharide compositions of ha and neuraminidase (na, earlier isolated from the same virus) were determined, thus showing ha and na to contain 8-10 and 2 carbohydrate chains, respectively. the carbohydrate fragments were cleaved off by the alkaline libh4 treatment, the oligosaccharides released were reduced with nab3h4 and fractionated by two-step h ...	1990	2222528
cold-adapted influenza viruses for use as live vaccines for man.		1990	2222834
[an epidemic of type b influenza in the geriatric psychiatry department of a psychiatric hospital].	the authors submit an epidemiological and aetiological analysis of a local epidemic of influenza type b which occurred in april 1989 in a mental hospital at the geronto-psychiatric department. in the course of two weeks 26 patients and 5 health workers from a total of 72 exposed subjects contracted influenza. 50% of the patients who contracted influenza died. the authors emphasize the necessity of early preventive epidemiological provisions in institutions of this type.	1990	2224975
overwhelming influenza b infection in an infant.		1990	2243657
antigenic analysis of recent influenza virus isolates.		1990	2248884
[influenza epidemics in the ussr and czechoslovakia in 1979-1984].	in this work materials characterizing the appearance and development of influenza epidemic at the territories of the ussr and the czech socialist republic are presented, the common features and differences of the epidemic process in both countries are recorded. the work shows that in both countries the appearance of this epidemic is caused by the same virus. in most cases the epidemic started earlier and lasted longer in the ussr, but morbidity rate during the epidemic was, on the whole, higher ...	1990	2256401
[evaluation of an anti-influenza vaccine in a group of elderly].	to 57 individuals of the old people's home in güines and artemisa municipalities, without vaccinal contraindications, was administered and inactivated bivalent antigrippal vaccine with the antigenic content: a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) and a/filipina/2/82 (h3n2). trough the inhibition technique of hemagglutination in pair sera, satisfactory results (seroconversion) were obtained in more of the vaccinated individuals, for both antigens. local reactions such as erythema and papule were observed. nine pati ...	1990	2259788