Publications

physico-chemical and serological characterization of five rhabdoviruses infecting fish.	viruses isolated from fish with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs), infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn), spring viraemia of carp (svc), swim-bladder inflammation (sbi) and pike fry disease (pfd) have been grown to high titre in fathead minnow cells. while our preparations of the ihn, svc, sbi and pfd viruses showed typical rhabdovirus morphology with bullet-shaped particles and distinct surface projections, the vhs virus preparations had a less typical rhabdovirus morphology but were pleo ...	1975	1170278
fish rhabdoviruses: comparative study of protein structure.	proteins from four fish rhabdoviruses have been studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the viruses were: trout viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihn), spring viremia virus of carp (svc), and the pike fry rhabdovirus (pfr). for the two salmonid viruses (vhs-ihn), gel electrophoresis indicated the proteins, with molecular weights estimated to be 190,000, 80,000, 38,000, 25,000, and 19,000, respectively. the electrophoretic p ...	1975	1171263
the risk of rabies prophylaxis vs. the risk of the disease.		1975	1176804
[characteristics and importance of different serotypes and variations of rabies viruses in epidemiology].		1975	1179078
a local outbreak of paralytic rabies in surinam children.	a rapidly fatal encephalomyelitis, which was in most cases characterized by ascending paralysis, developed in seven children of the age of 3 to 10 years in a bushnegro village in the interior of surinam. rabies virus was recovered from the central nervous system of three autopsied children. although the source of infection has not been detected, there is an indication that, at least in some cases, the disease has been transmitted by rat-bite rather than by vampire bats. during the same period a ...	1975	1179478
selective suppression of cellular protein synthesis in bhk-21 cells infected with rabies virus.	under hypertonic conditions, cellular protein synthesis is selectively suppressed in rabies virus-infected cells. the resistance of viral polypeptide synthesis to hypertonic conditions provides a means to study intracellular viral protein synthesis and may represent a property common to translation of many viruses.	1975	1185856
cell to cell transmission of virus in the central nervous system. ii. experimental rabies in mouse.	rabies virus replication in suckling and adult mouse brains inoculated with either fixed or street virus was studied by light and electron microscopy. chronologic study of fixed virus-infected suckling mice showed that virus budded from the plasma membrane of neuronal cell processes and perikarya prior to the development of intracytoplasmic virus particles. nucleocapsids and virions were observed exclusively in perikarya and cellular processes of neuronal cells and, on rare exception in an astro ...	1975	1186120
the development and use of vaccines based on studies of virus substructures.		1975	1208876
[evaluation of interferon induced by rabies vaccines (author's transl)].	two rabies vaccines originated from baby mouse brain or from human explant cells tissue culture (calf foetal kidney) with a high protection index induce in mice and hamsters a good interferon titre. it seems that the action of this kind of vaccine is double: non specific at the beginning by inducing interferon and later specific (4-5 days) by producing antibodies.	1975	1211717
abortive rabies in rabbits and white rats infected intracerebrally.	non-fatal rabies was successfully reproduced in rabbits infected intracerebrally with a highly pathogenic strain of street virus isolated from a man who had died of hydrophobia abter a dog bite and in white rats infected intracerebrally with the cvs strain of fixed virus. all the animals were pretreated with a sublethal intraperitoneal dose of live rabies virus. the surviving animals showed residual neurological symptoms (except one rat) in the form of paresis (both mild and marked) and high tit ...	1975	1212100
observations on the epizootiology of vampire bat rabies.	vampire bat populations were opportunely sampled before, during, and at varying intervals after outbreaks of bovine rabies. the captured bats were examined for rabies neutralizing antibody and virus. in all, sera from 1,024 vampire bats were tested for antibody, and tissues from these bats plus 83 others were tested for virus. neutralizing antibody only rarely appeared in vampire serum samples taken before bovine rabies outbreaks, and only low percentages of samples positive for rabies antibody ...	1975	1212534
[influence of the number of passages of the rabies virus on the immunogenicity of the antirabies phenol vaccine].		1975	1216493
[morphological study of neurovirulence of the vnukovo-32 strains of rabies virus].	the central nervous system of white mice inoculated with the production vnukovo-32 strain of tissue culture rabies virus was studied histologically. intracerebral inoculation resulted in parenchymatous-inflammatory lesions with predominantly severe involvement of the ammon horn neurons. subcutaneous inoculations also revealed a rather significant degree of neurovirulence of this strain, although there were definite differences in the pathomorphological pictures observed after inoculation by this ...	1975	1216841
non-fatal rabies in dogs and cats.	serological studies were performed in 1,015 dog brains and 144 cat brains collected in a rabies enzootic area. significant levels of rabies virus neutralizing activity were observed in two dog brains and in one cat brain which had been negative for rabies by immunofluorescence and mouse inoculation tests. these results were compared with those obtained in the group of surviving animals at different times after onset of experimentally induced abortive rabies. the possibility that naturally infect ...	1975	1229983
[serological data on rabies in foxes studied in iran].	during the epidemiological research of zoonoses, the authors have studied the rabies of wild animals: fox. for the serological tests, the blood was taken by heart puncture of foxes. 193 specimens were tested and 26 (13.5%) of the foxes had neutralizing antibody in their blood. this study confirms that during the rabies epizooty, the vulpin population, may contract a non-fatal disease and produce the neutralizing antibody. thus, the fox has a real place in the epidemiology of rabies in iran.	1975	1231529
[immunologic prevention of rabies. iv. experimental evaluation of antigenic efficacy of a vaccine obtained from the brain of suckling rats].		1975	1233459
[inactivation of rabies virus by chemical agents].	to study the virucidal activity of several chemical agents available locally in argentina for rabies virus, was considered to be very useful for physicians treating persons bitten by rabid dogs and for those responsible for the sterilization of rabies contaminated areas. cvs fixed rabies virus suspensions were treated for one minute at room temperature with soaps of different quality, anionic (most of them derivates of dodecyl-bencene-sulfonic acid) and cationic (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl-t ...	1975	1234351
[isolation of rabies virus from brain, salivary and interscapular glands, heart, lungs and testis of the bat desmodus rotundus, in the state of são paulo (author's transl)].	rabies virus was isolated from the brain, salivary and interscapular (brown fat) glands, heart, lungs and testis of naturally infected vampire bat desmodus rotundus found paralyzed in the day at barueri, são paulo state. the rabies virus isolations were made by intracerebral inoculation in 4-5 days and 30 days old mice. the virus strain was identified as rabies virus by the sellers and faraco (mann) techniques, the fluorescent antibody test and intracerebral inoculation of mice. the isolation of ...	1975	1236047
[isolation of rabies virus from an insectivorous bat molossus obscurus (geoffroy, 1805), in the state of são paulo (author's transl)].	rabies virus was isolated from insectivorous bat molossus obscurus found in a semi-paralyzed condition, in broad daylight, in campinas, são paulo state. suckling and adult mice inoculated intracerebrally with a 20% suspension of bat brain showed typical rabies symptoms within eight days. the mortality of inoculated mice was 100%. negri bodies were seen in the brains of infected mice by sellers and fraco's methods. rabies antigens was found in the brains of inoculated mice by fluorescent antibodi ...	1975	1236049
[rabies vaccination with regards to its epidemiology (author's transl)].	the increasing animal rabies infection in the federal republic of germany and the growing risk for man - in 1974 two people died from rabies consequences although inoculated - shows the necessily to protect all bitten patients and those exposed to a risk of rabies by a well-timed prophylactic immunization. unfortunately the hempt-vaccine used in this country up to the beginning of 1974 did not the requirements because of the low rate of circulating neutralizing antibodies and the numerous neurol ...	1975	1237467
efficacy of inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine in dogs.	inactivated, nonadjuvanted tissue culture-origin rabies vaccine was tested in 168 dogs for its ability to provide protection against challenge of immunity 1 year after vaccination. several laboratory methods were used concurrently to measure the potency of the vaccine. when used at full strength, the vaccine protected 70% of dogs after either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination schedule. when vaccine was diluted to contain less antigenic mass, the 1-dose schedule was not as effective as 2 doses. high ser ...	1975	1237485
arbovirus infection of vertebrate and insect cell cultures, with special emphasis on mokola, obodhiang, and kotonkan viruses of the rabies serogroup.	multiplication of rabies serogroup viruses, obodhiang and kotonkan (two presumptive arboviruses), was induced in vertebrate cell cultures with singh's a. albopictus cell cultures used as "helper cells" in cocultivation experiments. plaque formation without prior in vitro adaptation was induced in vero cell cultures with eight rabies serogroup viruses: in all five instances by cocultivation of either infected bhk-21 or a. albopictus cells with vero cells under agar overlay and in three of eight i ...	1975	1072596
thymus dependence of rabies vaccine.	immune responses to rabies vaccine were compared with those to known thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens, in nude mice and their normal litter mates. no antibody response to, or protection against, challenge was observed in nude mice inoculated with either 1 or 2 doses of rabies vaccine. a single dose of the same vaccine induced a substantial antibody response and protected normal mice. these data indicate that the antigens in rabies vaccine that induce neutralizing antibody and pro ...	1976	1087335
pathophysiologic studies in human rabies.	six patients with proved rabies were studied with a combination of clinical, physiologic and pathologic technics. three were given a type of intensive care but died with evidence of respiratory failure. although circulatory failure did not develop in any of the six patients, three had supraventricular arrhythmias: interstitial myocarditis was found in one of these and rabies virus was isolated from the myocardium of another. inspiratory muscle spasm was the dominant clinical feature in all cases ...	1976	766622
preparation of rabies fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled immune globulin from mouse hyperimmune ascitic fluids.	immunization conditions for the production of mouse immune ascitic fluids to be used for the preparation of rabies fluorescent antibody (fa) conjugate are presented. the use of optimal concentrations of ammonium sulfate for precipitation of gamma globulin resulted in a fraction consisting of 75% gamma globulin and 25% alpha-beta globulins with no detectable albumin. dialysis labeling of the globulin fration with fluorescein isothiocyanate produced a specific rabies fa conjugate with negligible n ...	1976	780373
[mixed method of simultaneous detection in histochemistry and immunofluorescence].		1976	788326
rabies virus and the problems of rabies vaccination in man.	the structure of rabies virus and the importance of its glycoprotein in immunization are discussed. the improvement in vaccines for use in man, culminating in the production of the human diploid vaccine is described. nevertheless problems remain, particularly with regard to post-exposure therapy. possible disadvantages in the use of subunit vaccines are mentioned and attention is drawn to the discovery of the rabies-related viruses.	1976	790671
the mouse inoculation test in rabies diagnosis: early diagnosis in mice during the incubation period.	brain tissue from 64 rabies suspect specimens were inoculated intracerebrally into twenty 9-12 gm adult swiss white mice. two mice from each specimen were killed on specific days postinoculation and examined for the presence of rabies virus by the fluorescent antibody staining technique. in this way a positive diagnosis was made in the majority of cases between postinoculation days 4 and 12 when the incubation period of these same specimens ranged between eight and 20 days.	1976	793696
structure and molecular biology of rabies virus.		1976	797532
zonal-centrifuged human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	in order to reduce the risk of allergic reactions, a purified human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine was developed. pitman-moore strain of rabies was propagated in wi-38 or mrc-5 cells. both cell strains were found to be equally suitable for pro agation of rabies virus. the virus was purified and concentrated by continuous-flow sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. virus peak fractions were diluted with a stabilized and then inactivated with bpl and freeze-dried. according to the stan ...	1976	801472
effects of cytosine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside, and 6-azauridine on rabies virus in vitro and in vivo.	the antiviral agents cytosine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside, and 6-azauridine were shown to inhibit the replication of rabies virus in vitro but not the replication of sindbis virus. these same drugs were not effective in reducing the mortality rate in mice challenged with street rabies virus.	1976	1245759
ethylenimine-inactivated rabies vaccine of tissue culture origin.	the replication of seven rabies virus strains (cvs, hep, pv, era, wirab, cpz and bolivar) in bhk cells and the inactivation dynamics of these strains by beta-propiolactone, acetylethylenimine, and ethylenimine were studied to find the most immunogenic strain and the most economic and stable inactivating agent for the production of an inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine for animal use. the seven strains reached the peak of virus production 3 to 5 days after inoculation of the cell culture; ...	1976	1254701
prophylactic immunization of humans against rabies by intradermal inoculation of human diploid cell culture vaccine.	the antirabies human diploid cell vaccine produced by 1'institute merieux, lyon, france, was administered intradermally to 35 high-risk volunteers using 0.2-ml amounts and various immunization schedules. three groups never before vaccinated against rabies developed virus-neutralizing antibodies, the titer of which was dose dependent. a single injection stimulated the formation of antibodies. four inoculations induced the highest antibody levels and the longest persistence of antibody. the admini ...	1976	1254722
rabies immunization of red foxes (vulpes fulva) with vaccine in sausage baits.	foxes were orally vaccinated against rabies with two modified live vaccine viruses, era/bhk-21 and pri strain, in sausage baits. the baits proved acceptable to caged foxes and effectively delivered immunizing doses of vaccine. antibody profiles on the vaccinated foxes and intramuscular challenge with "street" rabies virus showed the era/bhk-21 vaccine to be more effective than the pri vaccine. the addition of a stabilizer helped maintain virus titers when the baits were subjected to high (35 c) ...	1976	1258865
[comparative studies on pathomorphological changes in brains of various laboratory animals inoculated with fixed and attenuated strains of rabies virus].		1976	1264357
temperature-sensitive mutants of rabies virus in mice: a mutant (ts2) revertant mixture selectively pathogenic by the peripheral route of inoculation.	analysis of the pathogenic potential in mice of a variety of rabies and rabies serogroup viruses revealed that an apparently revertant population of virus derived from cvs mutant ts 2 had a unique capacity to selectively induce paralytic disease when given by a peripheral [intraplantar (i.pl.)] route of inoculation. little paralytic disease was induced by high concentrations of virus administered by the intracerebral (i.c.) route, whereas paralytic disease and death were characteristically induc ...	1976	1270147
[the influence of rabies immunization of gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism in the brains of animals].	subcutaneous injection to albino rats (100-120 g) of lived fixed rabies virus was accompanied by a brief marked decrease in the content of gamma-aminobutryic acid in the animals' brain. there was also an increase in the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase in the brain tissue of animals vaccinated with live fixed rabies virus.	1976	1276413
role of interferon in prophylaxis of rabies after exposure.	rhesus monkeys were completely protected from rabies by a single dose of experimental, highly concentrated, rabies virus vaccine prepared from virus propagated in cultures of human diploid cells and administered several hours after infection with street rabies virus. protection seemed to be related to the high antigenicity of the vaccine and to its ability to induce interferon in vaccinated animals. only partial protection was afforded by one or three inoculations of less concentrated vaccines t ...	1976	819599
alteration of the in vitro host range of rabies virus after serial chick embryo cell passage using alkaline maintenance medium.	hep flury strain of rabies virus maintained by 7-day chicken egg passage (parent line) and the same strain serially passaged in primary chick embryo (ce) cells using alkaline maintenance medium (am line) were inoculated to cells of various species. growth was negative in primary mouse embryo, l and hela cells, and positive in primary hamster kidney and bhk21 cells with both lines. an all-or-none difference between the two lines was observed in primary monkey kidney and vero cells. the parent lin ...	1976	824485
neutralizing and complement-fixing antibody responses in pre- and post-exposure vaccinees to a rabies vaccine produced in human diploid cells.		1976	825515
[demonstration of sialic acid in the rabies virus. consequences of its removal on infectious and hemagglutinating properties].		1976	827343
clinical use of human globulin immune to rabies virus.	studies of human globulin immune to rabies virus before licensure showed that it suppressed active antibody responses when individuals received 16 doses of duck embryo vaccine but not when they received 23 doses of duck embryo vaccine. prospective surveillance of use of human globulin immune to rabies virus since licensure in 1974 has revealed that 40% of persons who receive 14-16 doses of duck embryo vaccine have low or undetectable antibody responses 30-90 days after initiation of the series. ...	1976	932504
immunization schedules for the new human diploid cell vaccine against rabies.	clinical and antibody responses of human volunteers to four different serial production lots of human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) each with a different antigenic value are described. three to four doses of hdcv administered over a period of 14 days produced high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies with an average titer up to 20 times higher than the titer elicited by four doses of duck embryo vaccine. antibodies were still present one year after completion of vaccination. only minimal differ ...	1976	942811
human rabies encephalomyelitis.	seven weeks after he was bitten on the lip by a puppy in the gambia a patient showed symptons of rabies. passive and active immunisation was begun three days after the onset of symptons. the evidence indicated that death was a direct consequence of the central nervous system disease rather than any associated complication. our inability to alter the course of the illness appreciably emphasises the importance of immediate postexposure immunisation in rabies and draws attention to the present lack ...	1976	944605
a case of rabies in man: some problems in diagnosis and management.	a patient who returned from india with a gastrointestinal disturbance subsequently developed the clinical features of rabies. the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of rabies virus from saliva and the demonstration of rising titres of rabies antibody. he was treated in an intensive care unit, ventilated mechanically, and given rabies antiserum, but cerebral activity ceased and he died after 22 days. his course was marked by numerous bouts of cardiac arrhythmia including complete heart block. t ...	1976	944606
problems associated with rabies preexposure prophylaxis.	with the rabies vaccine presently available for preexposure prophylaxis, 20% of all individuals do not have seroconversion following routine immunizations, and 5% are allergic to this vaccine. two experimental rabies vaccines of cell culture origin offering greater purity and potency were evaluated by means of a double-blind experiment. thirty-one volunteers who did not have seroconversion or who were allergic to duck embryo rabies vaccine received rabies vaccine produced in either human diploid ...	1976	946209
[bone marrow cells of mice immunized with different rabies vaccines].	cytogenetic studies of bone marrow cells of mice after inoculated differently with viral vaccines (fixed rabies virus, antirabic vaccine with the remainder virulence and fully inactivated with ultraviolet light antirabic vaccine) showed that all the vaccines, except the fully inactivated one, caused temporary damages of chromosomes interfering with the process of the first mitotic divisions after the beginning of immunization. the live fixed rabies virus caused a secondary, more significant incr ...	1976	951742
natural resistance of an african rodent praomys (mastomys) natalensis to rabies infection.	praomys (mastomys) natalensis, the multimammate mouse, proved resistant to the intracerebral and peripheral infection with rabies virus of serotype 1, which is found world-wide. it is, however, fully susceptible to the other serotypes of this virus group, which to-date have only been found on the african continent. resistance develops between the third and twenty-first day after birth. in the brain of the resistant animal the inoculated virus multiplies to a low degree and the animal does not de ...	1976	952444
the oral rabies immunization of foxes and dogs with sausage baits.	foxes wer immunized orally with an attenuated rabies vaccine, era, grown on bhk cells. the liquid vaccine was placed in plastic straws, which in turn were incorporated into smoked sausage baits, acceptable to and readily ingested by the animals. when the baits were bitten and the meat swallowed, an oral immunizing dose of vaccine resulted in circulating antibody titers in foxes (and dogs); the animals with antibody resisted a "street" rabies virus challenge that killed unvaccinated controls. the ...	1976	955279
[experimental concentration and purification of cultural antirabies vaccine].	a study of 6 series of concentrated and purified -- by ultracentrifugation -- dry cultural rabies vaccine inactivated with ultra-voilet rays demonstrated that in case of a 31--316 increase of concentration immunogenicity of the preparation rose 3--13-fold. purification of the vaccine took place with its concentration. additional purification of the concentrated vaccine on aluminium oxide led to a partial loss of the viral protein and to reduction of immunogenicity.	1976	961258
oral rabies vaccine: evaluation of its infectivity in three species of rodents.	the safety of oral rabies vaccine was evaluated in 3 species of rodents, animals which might inadvertently consume field-distributed vaccine baits intended for foxes. the potentials for infection from bait ingestion and transmission through cannibalism were evaluated. results indicate that ingestion of the vaccine baits used in these experiments will result in infection and disease of some rodents. of 64 rodents which ate baits, 19 (30%) died of clinical rabies; the diagnosis was confirmed in 11 ...	1976	961696
rabies vaccines for animals and man.		1976	969208
plaque assay of rabies virus on porcine kidney cell monolayers.	the era strain of rabies virus was adapted to growth on monolayers of a porcine kidney cell line (pk-2a). a reproducible plaque assay system was subsequently developed, which appears to be satisfactory for conducting plaque neutralization tests.	1976	972180
demonstration of non-infectious hemagglutinating particles of rabies virus and isolation of the hemagglutinin by disruption of the virion with nonidet p-40.	non-infectious hemagglutinating particles of rabies virus accumulated in the fluid phase of chick embryo cell cultures at 6 days post-infection, though they were undetectable at 4 days. they were characterized as looped filaments resembling viral envelope as revealed by electron microscopy. another form of hemagglutinin (hanin) was obtained by solubilization of partially purified virions with nonidet p-40 (np-40) followed by successive high speed and cscl density gradient centrifugations. the de ...	1976	973800
vaccination against rabies.		1976	982513
[electron miscroscopic studies of rabies virus].		1976	988253
large-scale purification of animal viruses in the rk-model zonal ultracentrifuge. i. rabies virus.		1976	993213
[immunogenicity and protective activity of glycoprotein extracted from rabies virus: results from comparison of preparations obtained by different methods of purification (author's transl)].	a rabies vaccine was prepared from virus grown on primary cultured bovine foetal kidney cells. after beta-propiolactone inactivation of the virus, the vaccine was partially purified by zinc acetate precipitation, g-75 sephadex chromatography, and ultracentrifugation prior to a non ionic detergent solubilisation. a glycoprotein fraction with protective capacity was extracted by triton x100 from the spikes of the inactivated rabies virus. an electrophoretically homogenous glycoprotein was found to ...	1976	999129
[stability of fixed virus in rabies vaccines].		1976	1004066
[effect of viral vaccines on animal bone marrow cell chromosomes].	a comparative study on the effect of a number of viral vaccines (live and inactivated vaccinia, poliovirus type ii, measles, rabies vaccines) on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells was carried out. most vaccines were found to impair the process of first divisions of these cells after vaccination. live vaccinia vaccine and live fixed rabies virus cause an increase in the rate of structural chromosome aberrations at later intervals, 30-90 days after immunization. the main type of chromosome dis ...	1976	1007225
[experimental study of rabies virus (vnukovo-32 strain) persistence in white mice].	the duration of detection of the specific antigen in the cells of the central nervous system (cns) of mice extraneurally infected with 450, 560 and 4380 ld50 of rabies virus, the vnukovo-32 strain was studied. the antigen in the cns cells was detected by the fluorescent antibody technique from the 11th until the 52nd day postinoculation, at 16-34 days being found in 50 to 100% of the experimental animals. in parallel, virus-neutralizing antibody was determined in the blood serum of the infected ...	1976	1007228
[abortive and asymptomatic forms of rabies infection].		1976	1007719
[purification and concentration of the rabies virus on an aluminum phosphate gel].		1976	1014346
a study on cell mediated immunity to rabies virus: lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.		1976	1017854
human rabies. ii. serological studies and intra-vitam virus isolation.		1976	1019535
[potency studies of sample rabies vaccine, inactivated by beta-propiolactone].		1976	1023462
freeze-drying of a purified human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	a rabies vaccine prepared in human diploid cell strains was purified by continuous-flow sucrose density gradient centrifugation. the peak fractions containing 35-40% sucrose were diluted with a stabilizer consisting of degraded gelatine in a tris-edta-buffer, and then inactivated with beta-propiolactone and freeze-dried to a residual moisture of approximately 2.5%. this vaccine was stable as proved by accelerated stability tests.	1976	1030426
[intensity of virus multiplication in abortive rabies].	experiments in random-bred and balb/c white mice inoculated intraperitoneally with street virus, in syrian hamsters inoculated intramuscularly with fixed viruses as well as experiments reproducing abortive rabies in 99-100% in random-bred white mice inoculated intramuscularly with fixed virus (era strain) showed that in the abortive infection the intensity of virus multiplication in the brain is lower than that in fatal infection, the differences being statistically significant. it was found out ...	1976	1030903
production and control of rabies vaccines made on diploid cells.	introductory remarks on the advantages of antirabies vaccines obtained from human diploid cell cultures in comparison with brain tissue vaccine and duck embryo vaccine. the characteristics of these new types of vaccine are: (i) high antigenicity, (ii) rapid development of antibodies, (iii) absence of adverse reactions even when the booster inoculation was given two years later. the disadvantage is the high cost of production to obtain a highly purified product.	1976	1031688
post-exposure use of human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine.	880 individuals, 120 of which were exposed to rabid animals, were immunized pre- or post-exposure with 2 different bpl-inactivated and concentrated rabies vaccines prepared in hdc strains wi-38 and mrc-5. the vaccines were well tolerated and no major side effects were observed after primary immunization with 3-10 doses or 1 booster vaccination. the dynamics of neutralizing, antibody formation and persistence of antibodies in 4 different groups of vaccinees are described. the groups were vaccinat ...	1976	1031689
clinical responses to t(n)bp-disrupted hdcs (wi-38) rabies vaccine.	study of 10 batches of an antirabies vaccine made from purified, concentrated subunits (pitman-moore strain adapted to wistar hdcs). one single dose of vaccine is insufficient; three or more doses induce high antibody levels. among more than 2000 vaccines secondary reactions were rare and generally mild and transient. all the individuals vaccinated post-exposure remained without rabic symptoms. the vaccine was also particularly efficacious for booster doses.	1976	1031690
the development of rabbit diploid cell lines.	the authors describe briefly studies on the development of diploid cell lines from fetal tissues (origin: four inbred rabbits). some lines have been maintained in continuous serial culture for over three years. the lung 16 may represent a qualifying rabbit diploid cell line when used between cell passages 48 and 100; during this period it has shown a minimum deviation from the normal diploid rabbit karyotype; it supports the growth of rubella virus, is non-tumorigenic and might be useful as a su ...	1976	1036403
[the lesser known but much feared virus of hydrophobia or rabies].		1976	1050306
factors involved in the generation and replication of rhabdovirus defective t particles.	previous indications that cloned b virions might be genetically predisposed to generate a particular defective t particle are shown to be inaccurate. t particle generation was found to be a much more random process than was previously believed. we show that the previously observed generation of particular sizes of t particles by b virion pools is due to the random generation of t particles during preparation of first-passage pools of cloned b virions, and these breed true during the additional p ...	1976	176445
thermal inactivation of rabies and other rhabdoviruses: stabilization by the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at physiological temperatures.	thermal inactivation of rabies and several other rhabdoviruses was studied using virus suspended in several different diluents. rabies serogroup viruses were more stable than kern canyon or vesicular stomatitis viruses. limited studies of two fish rhabdoviruses requiring low temperatures (less than 33 c) for replication indicated that they were not markedly more thermolabile than rabies virus. bovine serum protein components in complex cell culture media stabilized virus at 56 c, but at temperat ...	1976	181323
interaction of mouse peritoneal macrophages with fixed rabies virus in vivo and in vitro.	the resistance of mice to intraperitoneal and intramuscular infection with fixed rabies virus increases with age. treatment of mature animals with either silica, indian ink or antimacrophage serum, which are cytotoxic for macrophages, reduced their resistance to intraperitoneal, but not to intramuscular or intracerebral infection. transfer of peritoneal macrophages from adults to syngeneic suckling mice delayed but did not prevent mortality from intraperitoneal infection: transfer of peritoneal ...	1976	181533
replication of type 2 herpes simplex virus in human endocervical tissue in organ culture.	the replication of type 2 herpes simplex virus in human endocervical tissue in organ culture was investigated. the temporal profile of virus replication was related to the initial virus inoculum; high input inocula induced a rapid increase in virus titre while lower multiplicities induced a more slow-rising increase in virus titre. our evidence suggested that explants were capable of initiating and supporting virus replication for at least 2 weeks following establishment of the culture. virus yi ...	1976	183806
enhanced growth and plaquing of rabies virus in static chick embryo cell culture.	the 7-day egg passage line of hep flury strain of rabies virus was inoculated to primary chick embyro (ce) cells prepared in different ways to compared efficiencies of viral growth and plaquing. special care to minimize cellular damage due to trypsin at the step of monodispersion and sowing a comparatively large number of cells for monolayer preparation were required for rabies plaquing, whereas such cares were not necessary for plaquing of vesicular stomatitis virus. plaque number and size were ...	1976	185442
long-term persistent vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus infection of cells in vitro.	bhk 21 carrier cells persistently infected with vsv indiana for over 2 years have been shedding generally very low levels of mature infectious virus or mature t particles (averaging less than one-hundredth p.f.u./cell/day) yet most cells are producing virus antigens and are resistant to homologous superinfection. however, large amounts of biologically active t particle rnp can be recovered from cytoplasmic extracts of these carrier cells even at times when they are shedding no detectable infecti ...	1976	186559
rna synthesis in bhk 21 cells persistently infected with vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus.	virus-induced rna synthesis was studied in bhk 21 cells persistently infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabies virus by labelling rna synthesized in the presence of antinomycin d. during persistent infection the species of messenger rna synthesized were similar in size and relative proportions to those seen during acute infection, but there were some minor differences. full-sized b virion rna was generally not detected during persistent infection, and new species (probably di vir ...	1976	186560
rabies glycoprotein purification by isoelectric focusing (author's transl).	a glycoprotein was extracted with triton x100 from rabies virus grown in primary foetal bovine kidney cells. this glycoprotein was further purified by iso electro focusing and showed a major peak at ph 7,0 and a smaller peak at ph 4,6. purified fractions were migrated on polyacrylamide gels and assayed for immunogenicity.	1976	14578
absence of neuraminidase from influenza c virus.	influenza c viruses did not possess neuraminidase activity when examined using either fetuin or sialyllactose as substrate. purified preparations of influenza c virus inhibited hemagglutination by nws hemagglutinin. the hemagglutination inhibiting activity was abolished by treatment of influenza c virus with neuraminidase. these findings indicated the absence of neuraminidase activity on influenza c virus particles.	1976	56930
use of the hemadsorption phenomenon for determining virus and neutralizing antibody titers of rabies.	chicken embryo cells infected with the hep flury strain of rabies virus adapted to tissue culture produced a hemadsorption (had) phenomenon by using goose erthyrocytes. the optimal conditions for had included the incubation of cell cultures at 37c for 3 days after virus inoculation, the use of a 0.4% suspension of goose erythrocytes in phosphate buffer adjusted at ph 6.2, and adsorption of erythrocytes at 4c. this phenomenon was inhibited with anti-rabies serum. virus titer obtained with the had ...	1976	57927
letter: intensive care in rabies therapy.		1976	59276
specificity of the agar gel microimmunodiffusion test in rabies diagnostics.	the agar-gel microimmunodiffusion test (midt) with commercially available antirabies sera from different sources was applied to evaluation of rabies infection at about 500 brains from suspected animals. the high nonspecificity of the test and false positive results with nonvirulent materials were stated when compared with the histopathological, biological and fa tests. for evaluation of the nonspecificity and its cause, different antirabies sera and brain antigens from noninfected and rabid anim ...	1976	59529
laboratory investigations on "postvaccinall rabies" caused by live sheep-brain vaccine.	the viral ethiology of postvaccinal complications among 30 dogs vaccinated by live antirabies vaccine (umeno-doi type, sheep brain vaccine) was fully confirmed. three lots of virulent vaccine were inoculated subcutaneously into groups of "wistar" rats according to the different schemes. between the 1st and 12th day after the end of the vaccination there were no isolations of fixed virus in direct and blind i.c. passages of suspensions made from the thalamus area on succkling mice and rats. also ...	1976	59530
[comparative study "in vitro" between rabies and rabies related viruses by the sensitized lymphocytes technique].	rabbit lymphocytes obtained from animals previously exposed to rabies virus undergo a specific lymphoblastic transformation when incubated in vitro in the presence of either the complete virus or a nucleocapsid fraction. this type of in vitro transformation was observed by the pasteur, lagos, mokola, obodhiang viruses as well as the virus hep in cells originally exposed only to the virus hep. in additions to the morphological changes of lymphoblastic transformation, 3h-thymidine incorporation wa ...	1976	60074
detection of antigenic differences among street and fixed rabies virus strains by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test.	using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test, two street rabies virus strains (mangosta and apipe) revealed antigens not detected in the standard challenge virus (cvs). no antigenic differences, however, were found between cvs and another fixed rabies virus strain (strain 91) by this method. the results of serum neutralization tests revealed similar antigenic relationships among the rabies virus strains studied. these findings are discussed in terms of their significance to antigenic variations i ...	1976	65070
rabies antibodies in sera of wild birds.	three hundred forty-three birds representing six orders and 22 species were examined serologically for antibodies against rabies. low passive hemagglutination titers were observed in 23 samples. fifteen of 65 (23.1%) predatory birds and 8 of 278 (2.9%) non-predatory birds were positive. rabies antibody positive sera from non-predatory species were from species commonly thought to be scavengers suggesting the importance of the oral route for the presentation of rabies virus to birds.	1976	16498885
experimental rabies in a great horned owl.	a great horned owl (bubo virginianus) was fed the carcass of an experimentally infected rabid skunk. the bird developed antibody titer to rabies, detected by passive haemagglutination, 27 days after oral inoculation by ingestion. the owl suppressed the infection until corticosteroid administration, after which a maximum antibody titer was attained. evidence of active rabies viral infection was seen by fluorescent antibody staining of oral swabs, corneal impression smears and histologic tissue sm ...	1976	16498892
isolation and assay of rabies serogroup viruses in cer cells.	infection of cer cell cultures with field strains of rabies virus, ranging from 0 to 5 mouse brain passages, was detected by immunoflurescence within 2-4 days after infection. a fluorescent focus assay for measuring infectivity of seven rabies serogroup viruses was rapid and reproducible. rabies field strians and other rabies serogroup viruses also induced cytopathic effect, usually on initial passage. the hemadsorption-negative (had-) plaque test in bsc-1 cells was successfully applied to labor ...	1977	67104
rabies virus infection in mouse neuroblastoma cells.	as part of an inquiry into factors that determine the virulence of fixed rabies virus, mouse neuroblastoma cells were infected in culture with high virulence and low virulence strains of flury hep virus. low virulence virus infection differed from high virulence virus infection in (1) its more rapid production of progeny virus in the early cycles of virus infection as shown by the number of extracellular virus particles and the infectivity of the supernatant fluid; (2) its earlier development o ...	1977	68172
enzyme immunoassay for demonstration of rabies-virus antibodies after immunisation.		1977	70604
haemagglutinin from rabies viruses.		1977	71417
possible role of measles, rubella and mumps viruses in multiple sclerosis.		1977	17282
comparison of the ribonucleoproteins of different rabies virus serotypes by radioimmunoassay.	radioimmunoassay (ria) provides a sensitive serological procedure for detecting rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (rnp) as well as its specific antibodies, ria was carried out using highly purified rnps labelled by the chloramine-t method. this paper describes optimal conditions for iodination of rnp with high specific activity. the optimal concentrations of 125i, rnp, chloramine-t, and reducing agent as well as the effect of ph on the reaction were investigated. ria proved to be extremely sensitiv ...	1977	22569
transcriptase activity associated with rabies virion.	rabies virion-associated transcriptase activity was investigated in vitro and compared with that of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. the concentration of detergent that affected 3hgmp incoporation into acid-insoluble material was significantly different for both viruses. vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey required 0.05 to 0.1% nonionic detergent, whereas rabies virion could not be fully activated unless 4 to 5% detergent was used. other optimal conditions were as follows ...	1977	22766
application of a tricin-buffered modification of the cmrl-1969 medium in cell and virus cultivation (author's transl).	cmrl-1969 medium (healy et al., 1971) was modified by using 0.02 molar n-tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methyl-glycin (= tricin) instead of bicarbonate as the buffer substance. several permanent cell lines and primary cell cultures did not show growth differences in the two medium variants. like other non volatile buffers tricin abolishes the initial increase of the ph in freshly split or newly fed closed vessel cultures, but in 0.02 m concentration maintains the same buffering capacity of the medium as c ...	1977	24962
in vivo interference in vesicular stomatitis virus infection.	inactivated defective interfering and complete particles of vesicular stomatitis virus given intracerebrally to adult mice protect them against challenge with homologous virus whether this is given at the same time or several days later. two separate protective processes appear to be involved. the first, which comes into operation immediately after inoculation, is also effective against heterologous strains of vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies (another rhabdovirus), and a neurotropic strain of ...	1977	191397
effect of actinomycin d and cytosine arabinoside on rabies and vsv multiplication.		1977	193271