Publications

constitutive expression of interferon-induced human mxa protein in transgenic tobacco plants does not confer resistance to a variety of rna viruses.	mxa is a key component in the interferon-induced antiviral defense in humans. after viral infections, mxa is rapidly induced and accumulates in the cytoplasm. the multiplication of many rna viruses, including all bunyaviruses tested so far, is inhibited by mxa. these findings prompted us to express mxa in plants in an attempt to create resistance to tospoviruses. here, we report the generation of transgenic tobacco plants that constitutively express mxa under the control of the 35 s cauliflower ...	2000	11206971
overexpression of a gene encoding a cytochrome p450, cyp78a9, induces large and seedless fruit in arabidopsis.	an activation tagging screen in which the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s enhancer was inserted randomly into an arabidopsis genome homozygous for the floral homeotic mutation apetala2-1 (ap2-1) resulted in a line (28-5) with extraordinarily wide, heart-shaped ovaries. the ovary of the 28-5 ap2-1 mutant shows an oval shape because of increased numbers of enlarged cells. when the ap2-1 mutation is crossed out of the genetic background, more elongated rather than wider fruits are obtained. normally, ...	2000	11006330
identification of a cyp84 family of cytochrome p450-dependent mono-oxygenase genes in brassica napus and perturbation of their expression for engineering sinapine reduction in the seeds.	cyp84 is a recently identified family of cytochrome p450-dependent mono-oxygenases defined by a putative ferulate-5-hydroxylase (f5h) from arabidopsis. until recently f5h has been thought to catalyze the hydroxylation of ferulate to 5-oh ferulate en route to sinapic acid. sinapine, a sinapate-derived ester in the seeds, is antinutritional and a target for elimination in canola meal. we have isolated three f5h-like genes (bnf5h1-3) from a cultivated brassica napus, whose amphidiploid progenitor i ...	2000	10938378
antisense hema1 rna expression inhibits heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis in arabidopsis.	5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles including chlorophylls and heme. the formation of ala involves two enzymatic steps which take place in the chloroplast in plants. the first enzyme, glutamyl-trna reductase, and the second enzyme, glutamate-1-semialdehyde-2,1-aminomutase, are encoded by the nuclear hema and gsa genes, respectively. to assess the significance of the hema gene for chlorophyll and heme synthesis, transgenic arabidopsis plants that expres ...	2000	10631248
antisense suppression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase in tobacco does not affect plant performance in controlled growth conditions.	violaxanthin de-epoxidase (vde) catalyzes the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin in the xanthophyll cycle. tobacco was transformed with an antisense vde construct under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter to determine the effect of reduced levels of vde on plant growth. screening of 40 independent transformants revealed 18 antisense lines with reduced levels of vde activity with two in particular (tas32 and tas39) having greater than 95% reduction in ...	2000	16228447
five geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases expressed in different organs are localized into three subcellular compartments in arabidopsis.	geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) is the precursor for the biosynthesis of gibberellins, carotenoids, chlorophylls, isoprenoid quinones, and geranylgeranylated proteins in plants. there is a small gene family for ggpp synthases encoding five isozymes and one related protein in arabidopsis, and all homologs have a putative localization signal to translocate into specific subcellular compartments. using a synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfp), we studied the subcellular localization of these ...	2000	10759500
iron-superoxide dismutase expression in transgenic alfalfa increases winter survival without a detectable increase in photosynthetic oxidative stress tolerance.	to determine whether overexpression of fe-superoxide (sod) dismutase would increase superoxide-scavenging capacity and thereby improve the winter survival of transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) plants, two genotypes were transformed with the vector pexsod10, which contains a cdna for arabidopsis fe-sod with a chloroplast transit peptide and cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. a novel fe-sod was detected by native page in both greenhouse- and field-grown transgenic plants, but activity var ...	2000	10759538
activation tagging in arabidopsis.	activation tagging using t-dna vectors that contain multimerized transcriptional enhancers from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s gene has been applied to arabidopsis plants. new activation-tagging vectors that confer resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin or the herbicide glufosinate have been used to generate several tens of thousands of transformed plants. from these, over 30 dominant mutants with various phenotypes have been isolated. analysis of a subset of mutants has shown that over ...	2000	10759496
expression of a petunia inflata pectin methyl esterase in solanum tuberosum l. enhances stem elongation and modifies cation distribution.	transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum l.) plants were constructed with a petunia inflata-derived cdna encoding a pectin methyl esterase (pme; ec 3.1.1.11) in sense orientation under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the pme activity was elevated in leaves and tubers of the transgenic lines but slightly reduced in apical segments of stems from mature plants. stem segments from the base of juvenile pme-overexpressing plants did not differ in pme activity from the control, wh ...	2000	10750896
role of a short open reading frame in ribosome shunt on the cauliflower mosaic virus rna leader.	the pregenomic 35 s rna of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) belongs to the growing number of mrnas known to have a complex leader sequence. the 612-nucleotide leader contains several short open reading frames (sorfs) and forms an extended hairpin structure. downstream translation of 35 s rna is nevertheless possible due to the ribosome shunt mechanism, by which ribosomes are directly transferred from a take-off site near the capped 5' end of the leader to a landing site near its 3' end. there the ...	2000	10747993
detection of pathogen transmission in neonatal nurseries using dna markers as surrogate indicators.	nosocomial infections are a major problem confronting neonatal intensive care units (nicus). this study was conducted to determine if dna markers designed from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv 35s dna) can serve as surrogate indicators of nosocomial pathogen transmission in nicus.	2000	10654947
transformation of rice with the arabidopsis floral regulator leafy causes early heading.	onset of flowering, or heading date, is an important agronomic trait of cereal crops such as rice and early-heading varieties are required for certain regions in which rice is cultivated. since the floral control gene leafy from arabidopsis can dramatically accelerate flowering in dictoyledonous plants, the usefulness of leafy for manipulating heading date in rice has been tested. constitutive expression of leafy from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter caused early flowering in transgenic ...	2000	11032371
overexpression of rice osh genes induces ectopic shoots on leaf sheaths of transgenic rice plants.	five rice homeobox (osh) genes were overexpressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or the rice actin gene promoter in transgenic rice plants. almost all of the transgenic plants showed abnormal phenotypes, which could be classified into three types according to their severity. plants with the most severe phenotype formed only green organs, with many shoot apices on their adaxial sides. plants with an intermediate phenotype formed bladeless leaves with normally devel ...	2000	10753522
expression of the plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor ick1 affects cell division, plant growth and morphology.	the plant cdk inhibitor ick1 was identified previously from arabidopis thaliana with its inhibitory activity characterized in vitro. ick1 displayed several structural and functional features that are distinct from known animal cdk inhibitors. despite the initial characterization, there is no information on the functions of any plant cdk inhibitor in plants. to gain insight into ick1 functions in vivo and the role of cell division during plant growth and development, transgenic plants were genera ...	2000	11123800
continuous and discontinuous ribosome scanning on the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 s rna leader is controlled by short open reading frames.	the pathways of scanning ribosome migration controlled by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 s rna leader were investigated in vitro and in vivo. this long (600 nucleotides) leader contains several short open reading frames (sorfs) and folds into an extended hairpin structure with three main stable stem sections. translation initiation downstream of the leader is cap-dependent and occurs via ribosomal shunt under the control of two cis elements, a short open reading frame a (sorf a) followed by ste ...	2000	10973961
structure, expression and promoter activity of two polyubiquitin genes from rice (oryza sativa l.).	we have isolated two rice polyubiquitin genes designated as rubq1 and rubq2 by screening a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) genomic library with a 32p-labeled ubiquitin cdna probe. dna sequence data revealed that both genes contained an open reading frame encoding a hexameric precursor ubiquitin and an intron immediate upstream of the initiation codon. the deduced amino acid sequences of both genes were identical to each other and to other plant ubiquitin sequences. several putative regulat ...	2000	10936527
accumulation of palmitate in arabidopsis mediated by the acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase fatb1.	the acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase b1 from arabidopsis (atfatb1) was previously shown to exhibit in vitro hydrolytic activity for long chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins (p. dörmann, t.a. voelker, j.b. ohlrogge [1995] arch biochem biophys 316: 612-618). in this study, we address the question of which role in fatty acid biosynthesis this enzyme plays within the plant. over-expression of the atfatb1 cdna under a seed-specific promoter resulted in accumulation of high amounts of palmitate (16 ...	2000	10859193
mutagenesis of plants overexpressing constans demonstrates novel interactions among arabidopsis flowering-time genes.	constans (co) promotes flowering of arabidopsis in response to long photoperiods. transgenic plants carrying co fused with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (35s::co) flowered earlier than did the wild type and were almost completely insensitive to length of day. genes required for co to promote flowering were identified by screening for mutations that suppress the effect of 35s::co. four mutations were identified that partially suppressed the early-flowering phenotype caused by 35s::co. ...	2000	10852935
formation of surface tubules and fluorescent foci in arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts expressing a fusion between the green fluorescent protein and the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein.	the movement protein (mp) of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is a multifunctional protein that potentiates the cell-to-cell and long distance movement of the virus. functional domains in the camv mp were determined by analyzing deletions in green fluorescent protein (gfp)-mp fusions transfected into arabidopsis thaliana leaf protoplasts. gfp-mp accumulated at fluorescent foci at the cell periphery and in tubular structures extending from the protoplast surface. a region located near the center o ...	2000	10814570
mdh1: an apple homeobox gene belonging to the bel1 family.	differential display was used to isolate genes differentially expressed early in fruit development of apple (malus domestica borkh.). this approach resulted in the isolation of mdh1, a homeobox gene with a homeodomain similar to that of bell1 (bel1), which is involved in regulation of ovule development in arabidopsis. however, outside the homeodomain mdh1 is quite different from bel1. in apple, mdh1 mrna was predominantly found in flowers, expanding leaves and expanding fruit. in pre-anthesis fl ...	2000	10809008
host suppressors in arabidopsis thaliana of mutations in the movement protein gene of cauliflower mosaic virus.	a novel genetic screen was used to identify host factors in arabidopsis thaliana that suppress mutations in the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) movement protein gene (gene i). a series of small mutations was made in gene i and the mutations were tested for their suitability in a suppressor screen. the first round of screening yielded only revertants or second-site mutations in gene i. a derivative of one of the second-site mutant viruses (n7) that was delayed in symptom production was used in a ...	2000	10796017
pararetrovirus-crucifer interactions: attack and defence or modus vivendi?	abstract the compatible infection of plants by viruses usually leads to the development of systemic symptoms. symptom expression of this kind is generally understood to be a host response that indicates an inability of the host to defend itself from attack. we have been studying compatible interactions between the plant pararetrovirus cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) and its crucifer hosts in order to understand the relationship between viral activity, symptom expression and plant defence. a camv ...	2000	20572954
shunting and controlled reinitiation: the encounter of cauliflower mosaic virus with the translational machinery.		2001	12762028
degradation signals within both terminal domains of the cauliflower mosaic virus capsid protein precursor.	targeted protein degradation plays an important regulatory role in the cell, but only a few protein degradation signals have been characterized in plants. here we describe three instability determinants in the termini of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) capsid protein precursor, of which one is still present in the mature capsid protein p44. a modified ubiquitin protein reference technique was used to show that these motifs are still active when fused to a heterologous reporter gene. the n-te ...	2001	11532179
kanadi regulates organ polarity in arabidopsis.	leaves and floral organs are polarized along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axis. in arabidopsis, this difference is particularly obvious in the first two rosette leaves, which possess trichomes (leaf hairs) on their adaxial surface but not their abaxial surface. mutant alleles of kanadi (kan) were identified in a screen for mutants that produce abaxial trichomes on these first two leaves. kan mutations were originally identified as enhancers of the mutant floral phenotype of crabs claw ...	2001	11395775
promoter strength and tissue specificity effects on growth of tomato plants transformed with maize sucrose-phosphate synthase.	when sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps; ec 2.4.1.14) is expressed in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) from a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco) small subunit (rbcs) promoter, yields are often unchanged but when sps is expressed from a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, yield is enhanced up to 80%. two explanations for this phenomenon are (i) that expression of sps in tissues other than leaves accounts for the increased yield or (ii) that the lower level of expressi ...	2001	11346956
control of enzymatic browning in potato (solanum tuberosum l.) by sense and antisense rna from tomato polyphenol oxidase.	polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity of russet burbank potato was inhibited by sense and antisense ppo rnas expressed from a tomato ppo cdna under the control of the 35s promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus. transgenic russet burbank potato plants from 37 different lines were grown in the field. ppo activity and the level of enzymatic browning were measured in the tubers harvested from the field. of the tubers from 28 transgenic lines that were sampled, tubers from 5 lines exhibited reduced b ...	2001	11262007
enhanced cystathionine beta-lyase activity in transgenic potato plants does not force metabolite flow towards methionine.	cystathionine beta-lyase (cbl) catalyses the second step in higher-plant methionine biosynthesis. to further characterise the role of cbl in methionine biosynthesis, transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum l.) plants were generated that express a potato cystathionine beta-lyase (stcbl; ec 4.4.1.8) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 s promoter. transgenic potato lines showed no visible phenotype but revealed an accumulation of both cbl transcript and protein. the enzymatic activity ...	2001	11800379
expression of antisense snrk1 protein kinase sequence causes abnormal pollen development and male sterility in transgenic barley.	a chimaeric gene was constructed comprising a wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit gene promoter, a 304-bp sucrose non-fermenting-1-related (snrk1) protein kinase sequence in the antisense orientation, and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna gene terminator. transgenic barley plants containing the antisense snrk1 chimaeric gene were produced by particle bombardment of barley immature embryos with the aim of obtaining plants expressing the antisense snrk1 sequence in the seeds. despite t ...	2001	11737780
a ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase that endows rice plants with cold- and salt-stress tolerance functions in vascular bundles.	a rice ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase, oscdpk7, is a positive regulator commonly involved in the tolerance to cold and salt/drought. we carried out in situ detection of the transcript and immunolocalization of the protein. in the wild-type rice plants under both stress conditions, oscdpk7 was expressed predominantly in vascular tissues of crowns and roots, vascular bundles and central cylinder, respectively, where water stress occurs most severely. this enzyme was also expressed in the peripher ...	2001	11726707
a novel class of plant-specific zinc-dependent dna-binding protein that binds to a/t-rich dna sequences.	complementary dna encoding a dna-binding protein, designated platz1 (plant at-rich sequence- and zinc-binding protein 1), was isolated from peas. the amino acid sequence of the protein is similar to those of other uncharacterized proteins predicted from the genome sequences of higher plants. however, no paralogous sequences have been found outside the plant kingdom. multiple alignments among these paralogous proteins show that several cysteine and histidine residues are invariant, suggesting tha ...	2001	11600698
uncoupling resistance from cell death in the hypersensitive response of nicotiana species to cauliflower mosaic virus infection.	cauliflower mosaic virus strain w260 elicits a hypersensitive response (hr) in leaves of nicotiana edwardsonii, an interspecific hybrid derived from a cross between n. glutinosa and n. clevelandii. interestingly, we found that n. glutinosa is resistant to w260, but responds with local chlorotic lesions rather than necrotic lesions. in contrast, n. clevelandii responds to w260 with systemic cell death. the reactions of the progenitors of n. edwardsonii to w260 infection indicated that each contri ...	2001	11194869
interaction between the open reading frame iii product and the coat protein is required for transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus by aphids.	transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) by aphids requires two viral nonstructural proteins, the open reading frame (orf) ii and orf iii products (p2 and p3). an interaction between a c-terminal domain of p2 and an n-terminal domain of p3 is essential for transmission. purified particles of camv are efficiently transmitted only if aphids, previously fed a p2-containing solution, are allowed to acquire a preincubated mixture of p3 and virions in a second feed, thus suggesting a direct int ...	2001	11119578
cell cycle-independent expression of the arabidopsis cytokinesis-specific syntaxin knolle results in mistargeting to the plasma membrane and is not sufficient for cytokinesis.	the arabidopsis knolle gene encodes a cytokinesis-specific syntaxin that localises to the plane of division and mediates cell-plate formation. knolle mrna and protein expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. to explore the significance of this regulation, we expressed knolle protein under the control of two constitutive promoters, the flower-specific ap3 and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the transgenic plants developed normally, although knolle mrna and protein accumul ...	2001	11686303
the first exon coding region of cystathionine gamma-synthase gene is necessary and sufficient for downregulation of its own mrna accumulation in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana.	expression of the gene for cystathionine gamma-synthase (cgs), which catalyzes the key step of methionine biosynthesis, is feedback regulated at the level of mrna stability. the first exon polypeptide of cgs is suggested to be involved in this regulation and amino acid sequence alterations caused by mto1 mutations in that region lead to an overaccumulation of cgs mrna [chiba et al. (1999) science 286: 1371-1374]. transgenic arabidopsis thaliana harboring chimeric constructs in which wild-type or ...	2001	11673634
biochemical characterization of the helper component of cauliflower mosaic virus.	the helper component of cauliflower mosaic virus is encoded by viral gene ii. this protein (p2) is dispensable for virus replication but required for aphid transmission. the purification of p2 has never been reported, and hence its biochemical properties are largely unknown. we produced the p2 protein via a recombinant baculovirus with a his tag fused at the n terminus. the fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography in a soluble and biologically active form. matrix-assisted laser des ...	2001	11507199
effects of movement protein mutations on the formation of tubules in plant protoplasts expressing a fusion between the green fluorescent protein and cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein.	fusions between the green fluorescent protein (gfp) and the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) movement protein (mp) induce the formation of fluorescent foci and surface tubules in arabidopsis thaliana leaf mesophyll protoplasts. tubules elongate coordinately and progressively in an assembly process approximately 6 to 12 h following transfection of protoplasts with gfp-mp constructs. tubules are not formed in protoplasts transfected by gfp-mp(er2a), a mp mutation that renders camv noninfectious. a ...	2001	11497463
cloning of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene from barley and enhanced thermotolerance by overexpressing in arabidopsis thaliana.	a full-length cdna clone (hvapx1) encoding a peroxisomal type ascorbate peroxidase was isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. haruna-nijyo) leaves by differential display. the deduced amino acid sequence of the hvapx1 gene had 75.3% homology to that from the gossypium hirsutum glyoxysomal apx gene and 72.1% homology to that from the arabidopsis thaliana peroxisomal apx gene, apx3. southern blot analysis indicated that a single-copy gene in the barley genome encoded hvapx1. northern blot analy ...	2001	11483357
stabilization of cauliflower mosaic virus p3 tetramer by covalent linkage.	cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) open reading frame (orf) iii encodes a 15 kda protein (p3) that is indispensable for viral infectivity. although p3 has been shown to be a prerequisite for camv aphid transmission, its role in viral replication remains unknown. we previously showed that p3 forms a tetramer in planta and that p3 tetramer co-sediments with viral coat protein on sucrose gradient centrifugation, suggesting that a tetramer may be the functional form of p3. we presumed that disulfide bo ...	2001	11471824
overexpression of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (cao) enlarges the antenna size of photosystem ii in arabidopsis thaliana.	the light-harvesting efficiency of a photosystem is thought to be largely dependent on its photosynthetic antenna size. it has been suggested that antenna size is controlled by the biosynthesis of chlorophyll b. to verify this hypothesis, we overexpressed the enzyme for chlorophyll b biosynthesis, chlorophyllide a oxygenase (cao), in arabidopsis thaliana by transforming the plant with cdna for cao under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. in the early de-etiolation phase, w ...	2001	11439124
influence of plant development and environment on transgene expression in potato and consequences for insect resistance.	clonal replicates of different transformed potato plants expressing transgene constructs containing the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, and sequences encoding the plant defensive proteins snowdrop lectin (galanthus nivalis agglutinin; gna), and bean chitinase (bch) were propagated in tissue culture. plants were grown to maturity, at first under controlled environmental conditions, and later in the glasshouse. for a given transgene product, protein accumulation was foun ...	2001	11437279
characterization of position-induced spatial and temporal regulation of transgene promoter activity in plants.	quantitative differences in transgene expression between independent transformants are generally ascribed to different integration sites of the transgene (position effect). the contribution of spatial and temporal changes in transgene promoter activity to these position-induced differences in transgene expression in planta are characterized, using the firefly luciferase (luc) reporter system. the activity of three different promoters (cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s, modified camv 35s and th ...	2001	11432912
improving plant drought, salt and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor.	plant productivity is greatly affected by environmental stresses such as drought, salt loading and freezing. we reported that a cis-acting promoter element, the dehydration response element (dre), plays an important role in regulating gene expression in response to these stresses in arabidopsis. the transcription factor dreb1a specifically interacts with the dre and induces expression of stress tolerance genes. we show here that overexpression of the cdna encoding dreb1a in transgenic arabidopsi ...	2001	11387979
genes ia, ii, iii, iv and v of soybean chlorotic mottle virus are essential but the gene ib product is non-essential for systemic infection.	soybean chlorotic mottle virus (sbcmv) is the type species of the genus 'soybean chlorotic mottle-like viruses', within the family caulimoviridae. the double-stranded dna genome of sbcmv (8178 bp) contains eight major open reading frames (orfs). viral genes essential and non-essential for the replication and movement of sbcmv were investigated by mutational analysis of an infectious 1.3-mer dna clone. the results indicated that orfs ia, ii, iii, iv and v were essential for systemic infection. th ...	2001	11369894
transient expression of a gus reporter gene from cauliflower mosaic virus replacement vectors in the presence and absence of helper virus.	vectors based upon the genome of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) have only a limited capacity for replicating foreign dna in plants. a helper virus system has been developed to complement camv constructs capable of carrying a large foreign gene (glucuronidase; gus). gus replaced part or all of the non-essential camv gene ii and the essential genes iii, iv and v. this construct was co-inoculated mechanically with wild-type camv helper virus onto brassica rapa leaves to promote gus vector compleme ...	2001	11125159
the rop gtpase switch controls multiple developmental processes in arabidopsis.	g proteins are universal molecular switches in eukaryotic signal transduction. the arabidopsis genome sequence reveals no ras small gtpase and only one or a few heterotrimeric g proteins, two predominant classes of signaling g proteins found in animals. in contrast, arabidopsis possesses a unique family of 11 rop gtpases that belong to the rho family of small gtpases. previous studies indicate that rop controls actin-dependent pollen tube growth and h(2)o(2)-dependent defense responses. in this ...	2001	11402196
the arabidopsis somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 1 gene is expressed in developing ovules and embryos and enhances embryogenic competence in culture.	we report here the isolation of the arabidopsis somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 1 (atserk1) gene and we demonstrate its role during establishment of somatic embryogenesis in culture. the atserk1 gene is highly expressed during embryogenic cell formation in culture and during early embryogenesis. the atserk1 gene is first expressed in planta during megasporogenesis in the nucellus [corrected] of developing ovules, in the functional megaspore, and in all cells of the embryo sac up to fe ...	2001	11706164
antisense inhibition of threonine synthase leads to high methionine content in transgenic potato plants.	methionine (met) and threonine (thr) are members of the aspartate family of amino acids. in plants, their biosynthetic pathways diverge at the level of o-phosphohomo-serine (ser). the enzymes cystathionine gamma-synthase and thr synthase (ts) compete for the common substrate o-phosphohomo-ser with the notable feature that plant ts is activated through s-adenosyl-met, a metabolite derived from met. to investigate the regulation of this branch point, we engineered ts antisense potato (solanum tube ...	2001	11706163
overexpression of acyl carrier protein-1 alters fatty acid composition of leaf tissue in arabidopsis.	acyl carrier protein (acp) is a small (9 kd) acidic protein that is an essential cofactor in plant fatty acid biosynthesis. most plants have several isoforms of acp, some of which are expressed constitutively and others that appear to be more tissue specific. although the critical role of acp in fatty acid biosynthesis has been established, the role of the diverse number of isoforms has yet to be elucidated. we have generated transgenic arabidopsis plants that express high levels of acp-1, a see ...	2001	11553750
somatic and germinal excision activities of the arabidopsis transposon tag1 are controlled by distinct regulatory sequences within tag1.	various sequences within tag1, the endogenous transposon of arabidopsis, were examined to determine how tag1 excision and expression are regulated. the 5' intron for the major 2.3-kb tag1 transcript was found to be critical for the accumulation of tag1 transcripts and for high rates of somatic excision. this was true for the autonomous element in cauliflower mosaic virus 35s-tag1-beta-glucuronidase constructs and for a two-component system using the 35s promoter to produce tag1 transposase and a ...	2001	11487697
constitutive overexpression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) gene in transgenic alfalfa demonstrates that gs1 may be regulated at the level of rna stability and protein turnover.	glutamine synthetase (gs) catalyzes the atp-dependent condensation of nh4+ with glutanate to yield glutamine. gene constructs consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter driving a cytosolic isoform of gs (gs1) gene have been introduced into alfalfa (medicago sativa). although transcripts for the transgene were shown to accumulate to high levels in the leaves, they were undetectable in the nodules. however, significant amounts of beta-glucuronidase activity could be detected in ...	2001	11351075
expression of a bifunctional green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion marker under the control of three constitutive promoters and enhanced derivatives in transgenic grape (vitis vinifera).	activity of three constitutive promoters and enhanced derivatives in transgenic grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. thompson seedless) was characterized using a bifunctional fusion marker containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) genes. relative differences in transient gfp expression and stable transformation efficiencies were used to compare promoter activity. expression patterns in transformed somatic embryos revealed that the act2 promoter from ...	2001	11297784
transgenic citrus plants expressing the citrus tristeza virus p23 protein exhibit viral-like symptoms.	summary the 23 kda protein (p23) coded by the 3'-terminal gene of citrus tristeza virus (ctv), a member of the genus closterovirus with the largest genome among plant rna viruses, is an rna-binding protein that contains a motif rich in cysteine and histidine residues in the core of a putative zinc-finger domain. on this basis, a regulatory role for ctv replication or gene expression has been suggested for p23. to explore whether over-expression of this protein in transgenic plants could affect t ...	2001	20572989
characterisation of novel target promoters for the dexamethasone-inducible/tetracycline-repressible regulator tgv using luciferase and isopentenyl transferase as sensitive reporter genes.	the chimeric transcriptional activator tgv mediates dexamethasone (dx)-inducible and tetracycline (tc)-repressible transgene expression in tobacco (dx-on/ tc-off system). the expression profiles of four different synthetic target promoters, comprising multiple tgv binding sites upstream of a core promoter, were characterised using the sensitive luciferase assay. induction factors of over 1,000 were measured in roots and leaves of over 30% of the transgenic plants, irrespective of the promoter us ...	2001	11254134
induction of a virus-specific antibody response to foot and mouth disease virus using the structural protein vp1 expressed in transgenic potato plants.	we have recently communicated the oral and parental immunogenicity of the structural protein vp1 of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) expressed in different transgenic plants. those results clearly indicated the necessity of increasing the expression of the foreign genes in the transgenic plant to avoid additional steps toward the purification and/or concentration of the antigen of interest. here, we report the production of transgenic potatoes plants containing the vp1 gene cloned under the r ...	2001	11270596
polyadenylation in rice tungro bacilliform virus: cis-acting signals and regulation.	the polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis. the cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly(a) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus. processing was directed by a canonical aauaaa poly(a) signal, an upstream ug-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency, and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were ...	2001	11287568
stable genetic transformation of eschscholzia californica expressing synthetic green fluorescent proteins.	an efficient protocol is described for the stable genetic transformation of eschscholzia californica (california poppy) using agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector. we have employed the disarmed a. tumefaciens lba4404 encoding a synthetic green fluorescent protein reporter gene that is further controlled by an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. stably transformed e. californica cells appear 3 weeks after initial cocultivation of a. tumefaciens with poppy leaves, stems, or roots. tra ...	2001	11312700
the product of orf iii in cauliflower mosaic virus interacts with the viral coat protein through its c-terminal proline rich domain.	using the yeast two-hybrid system, we show that the orf iii product of cauliflower mosaic virus (piii) interacts through its c-terminus with the viral coat protein. the last five amino acids of piii were essential for the interaction and virus infectivity. deletion of the last three amino acids or the mutation f129a decreased the strength of the interaction by 90%. we further show that piii is closely associated with virus particles found in the inclusion bodies of infected plants but not in vir ...	2001	11324752
in vivo evidence that ids3 from hordeum vulgare encodes a dioxygenase that converts 2'-deoxymugineic acid to mugineic acid in transgenic rice.	we proposed that an fe-deficiency-induced gene, ids3 (iron deficiency specific clone no. 3), from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots encodes a dioxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation step from 2'-deoxymugineic acid (dma) to mugineic acid (ma). to prove this hypothesis, we introduced the ids3 gene into rice (oryza sativa l.), which lacks ids3 homologues and secretes dma, but not ma. transgenic rice plants, carrying either ids3 cdna or a barley genomic dna fragment (20 kb) containing ids3, wer ...	2001	11346963
mutational analysis of the proteinase function of potato leafroll virus.	cdna expression vectors of potato leafroll virus (plrv) were used to analyse specific mutations in the proteinase and replicase domains of the proteins encoded by orf1 and orf2. agrobacterium-mediated dna transfer was used to introduce a plrv rna expression unit, controlled by the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, into potato leaf cells. expression of unmodified plrv cdna led to the replication of viral genomic and subgenomic rnas and accumulation of the viral capsid protein, whereas alt ...	2001	11369899
novel pristinamycin-responsive expression systems for plant cells.	novel gene regulation systems were designed for plant cells responsive to the streptogramin antibiotic pristinamycin. the pristinamycin-repressible plant gene regulation concept (pippoff) is based on a transcriptional activator (pit) which consists of the pip protein, the repressor of the pristinamycin resistance operon of streptomyces coelicolor, fused to the vp16 transactivation domain of the herpes simplex virus. pit mediates pristinamycin-repressible activation of a synthetic plant promoter ...	2001	11370004
transcription factor rf2a alters expression of the rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter in transgenic tobacco plants.	the promoter from rice tungro bacilliform badnavirus (rtbv) is expressed only in phloem tissues in transgenic rice plants. rf2a, a b-zip protein from rice, is known to bind to the box ii cis element near the tata box of the promoter. here, we report that the full-length rtbv promoter and a truncated fragment e of the promoter, comprising nucleotides -164 to +45, result in phloem-specific expression of beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter genes in transgenic tobacco plants. when a fusion gene compri ...	2001	11390974
nitrite reductase gene enrichment improves assimilation of no(2) in arabidopsis.	transgenic plants of arabidopsis bearing the spinach (spinacia oleracea) nitrite reductase (nir, ec 1.7.7.1) gene that catalyzes the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonium in the second step of the nitrate assimilation pathway were produced by use of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and nopaline synthase terminator. integration of the gene was confirmed by a genomic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern-blot analysis; its expression by a reverse transcriptase-pcr and two-d ...	2001	11402201
resistance to pseudomonas syringae conferred by an arabidopsis thaliana coronatine-insensitive (coi1) mutation occurs through two distinct mechanisms.	a new allele of the coronatine-insensitive locus (coi1) was isolated in a screen for arabidopsis thaliana mutants with enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae. this mutant, designated coi1-20, exhibits robust resistance to several p. syringae isolates but remains susceptible to the virulent pathogens erisyphe and cauliflower mosaic virus. resistance to p. syringae strain pstdc3000 in coi1-20 plants is correlated with hyperactivation of pr-1 expression and accumulation ...	2001	11439137
tetramerization is a conserved feature of the virion-associated protein in plant pararetroviruses.	all plant pararetroviruses belong to the caulimoviridae family. this family contains six genera of viruses with different biological, serological, and molecular characteristics. although some important mechanisms of viral replication and host infection are understood, much remains to be discovered about the many functions of the viral proteins. the focus of this study, the virion-associated protein (vap), is conserved among all members of the group and contains a coiled-coil structure that has b ...	2001	11462048
functional expression and subcellular localization of the nectria haematococca mak1 phytoalexin detoxification enzyme in transgenic tobacco.	medicarpin and maackiain are antifungal pterocarpan phytoalexins produced by many legumes, and are thought to be important components of the defense response of these legumes to certain fungal pathogens. the mak1 gene from the fungal pathogen nectria haematococca encodes an fad-dependent mono-oxygenase, known to specifically hydroxylate the phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain, converting them to less fungitoxic derivatives. two binary vector constructs were made containing the coding regions f ...	2001	11485199
overexpression of dwarf4 in the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway results in increased vegetative growth and seed yield in arabidopsis.	plants unable to synthesize or perceive brassinosteroids (brs) are dwarfs. arabidopsis dwf4 was shown to be defective in a steroid 22alpha hydroxylase (cyp90b1) step that is the putative rate-limiting step in the br biosynthetic pathway. to better understand the role of dwf4 in br biosynthesis, transgenic arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing dwf4 (aod4) were generated, using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and their phenotypes were characterized. the hypocotyl length of both ...	2001	11489171
inducible high-level mrna amplification system by viral replicase in transgenic plants.	we have constructed a new system for inducible high-level expression of mrna for foreign genes in transgenic plants by introducing a glucocorticoid-inducible transcription system into the previously developed "mrna amplification system" where target mrna can be amplified as a subgenomic rna by the replicase of a plant tripartite rna virus, brome mosaic virus (bmv). in the new amplification system, the amplification of mrna is tightly regulated by the expression of a subunit of the bmv replicase. ...	2001	11489185
towards development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis using transgenic white clover expressing a mannheimia haemolytica a1 leukotoxin 50 fusion protein.	development of vaccines against bovine pneumonia pasteurellosis, or shipping fever, has focused mainly on mannheimia haemolytica a1 leukotoxin (lkt). in this study, the feasibility of expressing lkt in a forage plant for use as an edible vaccine was investigated. derivatives of the m. haemolytica lkt in which the hydrophobic transmembrane domains were removed were made. lkt66 retained its immunogenicity and was capable of eliciting an antibody response in rabbits that recognized and neutralized ...	2001	11500456
expression of 35s::pto globally activates defense-related genes in tomato plants.	the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) resistance gene pto confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the avirulent gene avrpto. overexpressing pto under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter constitutively activates defense responses in the absence of pathogen infection and nonspecifically enhances disease resistance. to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this resistance, we isolated cdnas corresponding to transcripts that accumulated ...	2001	11500562
glucocorticoid-inducible gene expression in rice.	we have studied the use of a glucocorticoid receptor-based inducible gene expression system in the monocotyledonous model plant rice (oryza sativa l.). this system, originally developed by t. aoyama and n.-h. chua [(1997) plant j 11: 605-612], is based on the chimaeric transcriptional activator gvg, consisting of the yeast gal4 dna-binding domain, the vp16 activation domain and the glucocorticoid receptor domain. for application in rice, we designed an optimized binary vector series (pindex) and ...	2001	11506359
replication-independent assembly of an insect virus (tetraviridae) in plant cells.	infectious virions of the insect rna virus helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (hasv; omegatetravirus, tetraviridae) were assembled in cultured plant protoplasts of nicotiana plumbaginifolia in the absence of detectable replication. assembly of the virus, which has not been grown in cell culture, required cotransfection of a dna plasmid expressing the hasv capsid gene in combination with either genomic rna or with dna plasmids carrying the complete cdnas to the two hasv genomic rnas. each cdna was ...	2001	11543656
chloroplast targeting of chloroplast division ftsz2 proteins in arabidopsis.	plant nuclear genomes encode chloroplast division proteins homologous to the eubacterial cell division protein ftsz. in higher plants, ftsz genes constitute a small gene family that consists of two subgroups, ftsz1 and ftsz2. it was previously hypothesized that members of one family (ftsz1) targeted chloroplasts, while members of the other family (ftsz2) localized in the cytoplasm. we determined the full-length cdna sequences of two ftsz2 genes from arabidopsis thaliana (atftsz2-1 and atftsz2-2) ...	2001	11554751
a plant viral "reinitiation" factor interacts with the host translational machinery.	the cauliflower mosaic virus transactivator, tav, controls translation reinitiation of major open reading frames on polycistronic rna. we show here that tav function depends on its association with polysomes and eukaryotic initiation factor eif3 in vitro and in vivo. tav physically interacts with eif3 and the 60s ribosomal subunit. two proteins mediating these interactions were identified: eif3g and 60s ribosomal protein l24. transient expression of eif3g and l24 in plant protoplasts strongly af ...	2001	11572778
targeted expression of a synthetic codon optimized gene, encoding the spruce budworm antifreeze protein, leads to accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplasts of transgenic tobacco.	a synthetic gene based on the primary sequence of the mature spruce budworm antifreeze protein (sbwafp) was constructed by primer overlap extension. the amino acid codons were chosen to mimic those of a highly expressed tobacco nuclear gene. a dna sequence encoding the amino-terminal leader sequence from the tobacco pathogen related protein 1b (pr), which targets the protein to the apoplastic space, was fused in frame to the synthetic sbwafp gene. this fusion was placed downstream of the caulifl ...	2001	11574159
a library of arabidopsis 35s-cdna lines for identifying novel mutants.	we have developed a system to over-express or co-suppress random cdnas in arabidopsis thaliana upon agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. we constructed a binary vector containing a novel arabidopsis cdna library driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. the vector, 35spbarn, offers in terra selection with glufosinate ammonium (basta) and the ability to identify the cdna insert using pcr with flanking primers. we introduced this overexpression library into arabidop ...	2001	11575724
promoters for pregenomic rna of banana streak badnavirus are active for transgene expression in monocot and dicot plants.	two putative promoters from australian banana streak badnavirus (bsv) isolates were analysed for activity in different plant species. in transient expression systems the my (2105 bp) and cv (1322 bp) fragments were both shown to have promoter activity in a wide range of plant species including monocots (maize, barley, banana, millet, wheat, sorghum), dicots (tobacco, canola, sunflower, nicotiana benthamiana, tipu tree), gymnosperm (pinus radiata) and fern (nephrolepis cordifolia). evaluation of ...	2001	11587511
mammalian bax-induced plant cell death can be down-regulated by overexpression of arabidopsis bax inhibitor-1 (atbi-1).	we recently isolated the atbi-1 (arabidopsis bax inhibitor-1) gene, the expression of which suppressed bax-induced cell death in yeast. to determine whether the same is true in the plant system, transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing bax protein under a dexamethasone (dex)-inducible promoter were generated. on dex treatment, such transgenic plants exhibited marked cell death at the whole-plant level, cell shrinkage, membranous destruction, and other apoptotic phenotypes. transgenic bax pla ...	2001	11593047
ribosome shunt is essential for infectivity of cauliflower mosaic virus.	cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is a dna-containing pararetrovirus replicating by means of reverse transcription of a terminally redundant pregenomic 35s rna that is also used as a polycistronic mrna. the leader of 35s rna is long, highly structured, and contains multiple short orfs (sorfs), which strongly interfere with the ribosome scanning process. translation of this rna is initiated by a ribosome shunt mechanism, in which ribosomes translate the most 5'-proximal short orf (sorf a), then ski ...	2001	11158565
overexpression of 3-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase iiis in plants reduces the rate of lipid synthesis.	a cdna coding for 3-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein (acp) synthase iii (kas iii) from spinach (spinacia oleracea; so kas iii) was used to isolate two closely related kas iii clones (ch kas iii-1 and ch kas iii-2) from cuphea hookeriana. both ch kas iiis are expressed constitutively in all tissues examined. an increase in the levels of 16:0 was observed in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum, wt-sr) leaves overexpressing so kas iii when under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus-35s promoter and in a ...	2001	11161065
manipulation of salicylate content in arabidopsis thaliana by the expression of an engineered bacterial salicylate synthase.	salicylic acid (sa) plays a central role as a signalling molecule involved in plant defense against microbial attack. genetic manipulation of sa biosynthesis may therefore help to generate plants that are more disease-resistant. by fusing the two bacterial genes pcha and pchb from pseudomonas aeruginosa, which encode isochorismate synthase and isochorismate pyruvate-lyase, respectively, we have engineered a novel hybrid enzyme with salicylate synthase (sas) activity. the pchb-a fusion was expres ...	2001	11169183
the effect of mar elements on variation in spatial and temporal regulation of transgene expression.	the level of transgene expression often differs among independent transformants. this is generally ascribed to different integration sites of the transgene into the plant genome in each independently obtained transformant (position effect). it has been shown that in tobacco transformants expressing, for example, a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter-driven beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene, these position-induced quantitative differences among individual transformants were reduced ...	2001	11669579
selection and orientation of adjacent genes influences dam-mediated male sterility in transformed maize.	anther-targeted expression of e. coli dna (adenosine-n6-)-methyltransferase (dam) in maize was tested as a means to produce male-sterile plants. a high frequency of male-sterile plants with reduced anther size was observed when dam was regulated by the maize anther-specific promoter 5126 (5126:dam) and placed upstream of the herbicide resistance gene, pat, regulated by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter (35s:pat). in contrast, placement of 5126:dam upstream of a pat gene regulated ...	2001	11708651
cold accumulation of scof-1 transcripts is associated with transcriptional activation and mrna stability.	cold acclimation enhances the transcription of several cold regulated (cor) genes. however, little is known about whether the elevation of the transcriptional level of the cor genes is due to transcriptional activation, or mrna stability by a low temperature. recently, we cloned a novel cold-inducible zinc finger protein gene from soybean, scof-1, which may function as a positive regulator of the cor gene expression . here we report that the elevation of the scof-1 transcript level by cold stres ...	2001	11710522
identification of arabidopsis proteins that interact with the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) movement protein.	gene i of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) encodes a protein that is required for virus movement. the camv movement protein (mp) was used in a yeast 2-hybrid system to screen an arabidopsis cdna library for cdnas encoding mp-interacting (mpi) proteins. three different clones were found encoding proteins (mpi1, -2 and -7) that interact with the n-terminal third of the camv mp. the interaction in the 2-hybrid system between mpi7 and camv mp mutants correlated with the infectivity of the mutants. a ...	2001	11725951
overexpression of malate dehydrogenase in transgenic alfalfa enhances organic acid synthesis and confers tolerance to aluminum.	al toxicity is a severe impediment to production of many crops in acid soil. toxicity can be reduced through lime application to raise soil ph, however this amendment does not remedy subsoil acidity, and liming may not always be practical or cost-effective. addition of organic acids to plant nutrient solutions alleviates phytotoxic al effects, presumably by chelating al and rendering it less toxic. in an effort to increase organic acid secretion and thereby enhance al tolerance in alfalfa (medic ...	2001	11743127
suppression of gene expression by rna interference in cultured plant cells.	suppression by double-stranded rna (dsrna) of the expression of a target gene is known as rna interference (rnai). no quantitative analysis of the effects of rnai on the expression of specific genes in cultured plant cells has been reported. however, as it is possible to produce populations of cultured plant cells that are uniform and divide synchronously for functional analysis of genes of interest, we performed a quantitative study of the effects of rnai in such cells. we constructed dsrna exp ...	2001	11838637
[expression of otsa gene in tobacco and improvement stress tolerance].	the escherichia coli trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene(otsa) was engineered under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus regulatory sequences (camv35s) for expression in plants. otsa gene was incorporated into the chromosome dna by agrobacterium-mediated transfer and expressed in nicotiana tabacum. the otsa gene transgenic plant exhibited multiple phenotypic alteration: improved stunted growth and drought tolerance. the detached leaves from the transgenic plant, their water loss slower than t ...	2001	12552907
transformation vector based on promoter and intron sequences of a replacement histone h3 gene. a tool for high, constitutive gene expression in plants.	this study explored the possibility of using non-viral, plant-based gene sequences to create strong and constitutive expression vectors. replacement histone h3 genes are highly and constitutively expressed in all plants. sequences of the cloned alfalfa histone h3.2 gene msh3gl were tested. constructs of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene were produced with h3.2 gene promoter and intron sequences. their efficiency was compared with that of the commonly used strong 35s cauliflower mosaic v ...	2002	11874105
expressing creatine kinase in transgenic tobacco--a first step towards introducing an energy buffering system in plants.	creatine kinase a key enzyme in cellular energy homeostasis of vertebrates offers the promise of engineering plants with enhanced stress tolerance. in order to provide plants with such an energy buffering system, tobacco was transformed with a cdna, encoding the cytosolic brain-type isoform of chicken creatine kinase (bb-ck), the expression of which was under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv 35s) promoter. transgenic tobacco plants were selected and suspension cultures gener ...	2002	11878275
the protein encoded by oncogene 6b from agrobacterium tumefaciens interacts with a nuclear protein of tobacco.	the 6b gene in the t-dna from agrobacterium has oncogenic activity in plant cells, inducing tumor formation, the phytohormone-independent division of cells, and alterations in leaf morphology. the product of the 6b gene appears to promote some aspects of the proliferation of plant cells, but the molecular mechanism of its action remains unknown. we report here that the 6b protein associates with a nuclear protein in tobacco that we have designated ntsip1 (for nicotiana tabacum 6b-interacting pro ...	2002	11884686
a comparative analysis of the avirulence and translational transactivator functions of gene vi of cauliflower mosaic virus.	the primary function associated at present with the gene vi product of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is that of a translational transactivator (tav). in this capacity, it alters the host translational machinery to allow reinitiation of translation of other camv genes on the polycistronic 35s rna of camv. in addition, the gene vi protein can elicit a specific type of plant defense response called the hypersensitive response (hr) in nicotiana edwardsonii. in this study, we have adapted the agroi ...	2002	11886242
growth and differentiation of transgenic callus regulated by phytohormones and antibiotics in transformation of loblolly pine.	mature zygotic embryos of loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba 4404 harbouring the plasmid pbi121 which carried the selectable marker gene, neomycin phosphotransferase ii (npt ii) controlled by the promoter of the nopaline synthase gene, and the uida reporter gene, encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus) driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. organogenic transgenic calli and transgenic regenerated plantlets were produced on selection med ...	2002	11902001
activation of the promoters of arabidopsis genes for the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in transgenic tobacco by-2 cells under sugar starvation.	sugar starvation exerted by sub-10 mm levels of sucrose on arabidopsis t87 suspension-cultured cells triggered marked accumulation of the transcripts of genes for e1beta and e2 subunit of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. similar levels of sugar starvation increased the luciferase activity in transgenic tobacco by-2 lines expressing the arabidopsis e1beta- or e2-promoter-luciferase fusion gene. these results indicate that sugar levels tightly regulate the e1beta and e2 pr ...	2002	11917081
mycorrhizal colonization of transgenic aspen in a field trial.	mycorrhizal colonization of genetically modified hybrid aspen (populus tremula x p. tremuloides michx.) was investigated over 15 months in a field experiment. the aspen carried the rolc gene from agrobacterium rhizogenes under control of either the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or the light-inducible rbcs promoter. arbuscular mycorrhizas (ams) were rare in all root samples, while fully developed ectomycorrhizas (ems) were found in all samples. no significant differences in t ...	2002	11925050
biodiversity (communications arising): maize transgene results in mexico are artefacts.	quist and chapela's conclusion that the transgenes they claim to have detected in native maize in oaxaca, mexico, are predominantly reassorted and inserted into a "diversity of genomic contexts" seems to be based on an artefact arising from the inverse polymerase chain reaction (i-pcr) they used to amplify sequences flanking 35s transgenes from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv).	2002	11935145
camv 35s promoter directs beta-glucuronidase expression in ganoderma lucidum and pleurotus citrinopileatus.	the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter has been most commonly used in plant transformation studies, but its activity in mushrooms has not been reported. p301-b is a binary vector containing a bialaphos resistance gene driven by the promoter of lentinus edodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene. camv 35s-gus was inserted into p301-b, and the resulting construct p301-bg was transformed to protoplasts of ganoderma lucidum and basidiospores of pleurotus citrinopileatus. gu ...	2002	11936254
over-expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase leads to increased accumulation of acetosyringone in elicited tobacco cell-suspension cultures.	cell-suspension cultures were produced from transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants harboring a constitutively expressed alfalfa cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h) transgene. increased levels of c4h enzyme activity in the transgenic cultures were observed only following exposure of the cells to yeast elicitor, although alfalfa c4h transcripts were expressed at a high level from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in the absence of elicitation. increased expression of c4h in elicited ce ...	2002	11941467
the sambucus nigra type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein sna-i' exhibits in planta antiviral activity in transgenic tobacco.	transgenic tobacco (samsun nn) plants transformed with a cdna clone encoding sna-i' from sambucus nigra synthesize, and correctly process and assemble, a fully active type-2 ribosome-inactivating protein. expression of sna-i' under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter enhances the plant's resistance against infection with tobacco mosaic virus. in contrast to type-1 ribosome-inactivating proteins, the expression of sna-i' does not affect the growth and fertility of the transge ...	2002	11959096
overexpression of polyphenol oxidase in transgenic tomato plants results in enhanced bacterial disease resistance.	polyphenol oxidases (ppos; ec 1.10.3.2 or ec 1.14.18.1) catalyzing the oxygen-dependent oxidation of phenols to quinones are ubiquitous among angiosperms and assumed to be involved in plant defense against pests and pathogens. in order to investigate the role of ppo in plant disease resistance, we made transgenic tomato ( lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. money maker) plants that overexpressed a potato ( solanum tuberosum l.) ppo cdna under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. t ...	2002	12029473