Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the distribution and diversity of bartonella species in rodents and their ectoparasites across thailand. | our study highlights the surveillance of bartonella species among rodents and their associated ectoparasites (ticks, fleas, lice, and mites) in several regions across thailand. a total of 619 rodents and 554 pooled ectoparasites (287 mite pools, 62 flea pools, 35 louse pools, and 170 tick pools) were collected from 8 provinces within 4 regions of thailand. bandicota indica (279), rattus rattus (163), and r. exulans (96) were the most prevalent species of rats collected in this study. real-time p ... | 2015 | 26484537 |
| identification of phlebotomine sand fly blood meals by real-time pcr. | phlebotomine sand flies are blood-feeding insects of great medical and veterinary significance acting as vectors of leishmania parasites. studying the blood-feeding pattern of these insects may help in the understanding of their interactions with potential reservoir hosts of leishmania parasites. in this study, we developed real time pcr assays for the identification of sand fly blood meal. | 2015 | 25889289 |
| infectiousness of sylvatic and synanthropic small rodents implicates a multi-host reservoir of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | the possibility that a multi-host wildlife reservoir is responsible for maintaining transmission of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis causing human cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is tested by comparative analysis of infection progression and infectiousness to sandflies in rodent host species previously shown to have high natural infection prevalences in both sylvatic or/and peridomestic habitats in close proximity to humans in northeast brazil. | 2015 | 26448187 |
| barriers to seed and seedling survival of once-common hawaiian palms: the role of invasive rats and ungulates. | mammalian herbivores can limit plant recruitment and affect forest composition. loulu palms (pritchardia spp.) once dominated many lowland ecosystems in hawai'i, and non-native rats (rattus spp.), ungulates (e.g. pigs sus scrofa, goats capra hircus) and humans have been proposed as major causes of their decline. in lowland wet forest, we experimentally determined the vulnerability of seeds and seedlings of two species of pritchardia, p. maideniana and p. hillebrandii, by measuring their removal ... | 2015 | 26019231 |
| a survey of angiostrongylus species in definitive hosts in queensland. | despite the recent sporadic reports of angiostrongyliasis in humans, dogs and wildlife in eastern australia there has been no systematic study to explore the epidemiology of angiostrongylus spp. in definitive and intermediate hosts in the region. little is known about the epidemiology of angiostrongylus species in the definitive host in southeast queensland, since the only survey conducted in this region was performed in the late 1960s. in this study, free-living populations of rattus spp. were ... | 2015 | 26236633 |
| detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the blood and peripheral tissues of wild hawaiian rats (rattus rattus) by a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay. | the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis is a rat lungworm, a zoonotic pathogen that causes human eosinophilic meningitis and ocular angiostrongyliasis characteristic of rat lungworm (rlw) disease. definitive diagnosis is made by finding and identifying a. cantonensis larvae in the cerebral spinal fluid or by using a custom immunological or molecular test. this study was conducted to determine if genomic dna from a. cantonensis is detectable by qpcr in the blood or tissues of experimentally infe ... | 2015 | 25910229 |
| record of tropical rat mite, ornithonyssus bacoti (acari: mesostigmata: macronyssidae) from domestic and peridomestic rodents (rattus rattus) in nilgiris, tamil nadu, india. | tropical rat mite (ornithonyssus bacoti) is reported from many parts of the world and is considered important in transmitting rickettsial pathogens. there have been scanty reports on prevalence of this parasite from india. following a recent report of o. bacoti infestation in a laboratory mice colony from nilgiris, tamil nadu, india, attempts were made to detect the parasite in its natural reservoir, ie the domestic and peridomestic rats (rattus rattus). | 2015 | 27047977 |
| streptobacillus notomytis sp. nov., isolated from a spinifex hopping mouse (notomys alexis thomas, 1922), and emended description of streptobacillus levaditi et al. 1925, eisenberg et al. 2015 emend. | a pleomorphic, gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was isolated in 1979 from the heart of a spinifex hopping mouse (notomys alexis thomas, 1922) with septicaemia and stored as streptobacillus moniliformis in the strain collection of the animal health laboratory, south perth, western australia (ahl 370-1), as well as under ccug 12425. on the basis of 16srrna gene sequence analyses, the strain was assigned to the genus strepto ... | 2015 | 26438009 |
| discovery of a novel coronavirus, china rattus coronavirus hku24, from norway rats supports the murine origin of betacoronavirus 1 and has implications for the ancestor of betacoronavirus lineage a. | we discovered a novel betacoronavirus lineage a coronavirus, china rattus coronavirus (chrcov) hku24, from norway rats in china. chrcov hku24 occupied a deep branch at the root of members of betacoronavirus 1, being distinct from murine coronavirus and human coronavirus hku1. its unique putative cleavage sites between nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 and in the spike (s) protein and low sequence identities to other lineage a betacoronaviruses (βcovs) in conserved replicase domains support chrcov h ... | 2015 | 25552712 |
| rickettsia and bartonella species in fleas from reunion island. | rickettsia felis, rickettsia typhi, and bartonella dna was detected by molecular tools in 12% of rattus rattus fleas (xenopsylla species) collected from reunion island. one-third of the infested commensal rodents captured during 1 year carried at least one infected flea. as clinical signs of these zoonoses are non-specific, they are often misdiagnosed. | 2015 | 25646263 |
| is the oriental house rat (rattus tanezumi) a potential reservoir for trypanosoma evansi in thailand? | trypanosoma evansi is a protozoan blood parasite and etiologic agent of "surra," a disease affecting a wide range of domestic and wild mammals, some identified as potential reservoirs. although t. evansi has been detected in several small wild rodent species, their role in the epidemiology of surra is unclear. there is molecular evidence of t. evansi in wild rodents in asia, but it is not known whether they can carry the parasite for sufficient time to significantly contribute to the epidemiolog ... | 2015 | 25932666 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in rodents from various locations in peninsular malaysia. | numerous studies have reported the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among malaysians and various domestic animals; but there is paucity of information on its prevalence among rodents which could potentially contribute to the transmission of toxoplasma gondii in both domestic and sylvatic fauna. five hundred twenty-six rodents were captured from six locations in malaysia and identified to species. serum samples were collected from these rodents and tested for t.gondii antibodies using an immunofluores ... | 2015 | 26521512 |
| seasonal fluctuations of small mammal and flea communities in a ugandan plague focus: evidence to implicate arvicanthis niloticus and crocidura spp. as key hosts in yersinia pestis transmission. | the distribution of human plague risk is strongly associated with rainfall in the tropical plague foci of east africa, but little is known about how the plague bacterium is maintained during periods between outbreaks or whether environmental drivers trigger these outbreaks. we collected small mammals and fleas over a two year period in the west nile region of uganda to examine how the ecological community varies seasonally in a region with areas of both high and low risk of human plague cases. | 2015 | 25573253 |
| pneumonic plague outbreak, northern madagascar, 2011. | yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is endemic to madagascar, particularly to the central highlands. although plague has not been previously reported in northern madagascar, an outbreak of pneumonic plague occurred in this remote area in 2011. over a 27-day period, 17 suspected, 2 presumptive, and 3 confirmed human cases were identified, and all 15 untreated 20 patients died. molecular typing of y. pestis isolated from 2 survivors and 5 rattus rattus rat samples identified the madaga ... | 2015 | 25530466 |
| leishmania infantum in wild rodents: reservoirs or just irrelevant incidental hosts? | wild rodents constitute a very large biomass of potential reservoirs for leishmania spp. therefore, an epidemiological study was carried out in a well-known focus of canine leishmaniasis from southern spain, with the objective of detecting and characterizing leishmania infantum infection in wild rodents. blood, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and skin from 37 rodents (24 apodemus sylvaticus, 9 rattus rattus, and 4 mus musculus) were analyzed by optical microscopy, culture, and two different polymera ... | 2015 | 25797596 |
| infection levels of intestinal helminths in two commensal rodent species from rural households in yucatan, mexico. | the aim of the present study was to calculate the prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths in the house mouse (mus musculus) and the black rat (rattus rattus) trapped in rural households of yucatan, mexico. sampling was conducted during the rainy season from october to december 2011 and the dry season from january to march 2012. a total of 154 m. musculus and 46 r. rattus were examined, with 84.2% of m. musculus being infected with helminths compared with a significantly lower prevalence ... | 2015 | 24000977 |
| genotyping and subtyping of giardia and cryptosporidium isolates from commensal rodents in china. | cryptosporidium and giardia are two important zoonotic intestinal parasites responsible for diarrhoea in humans and other animals worldwide. rodents, as reservoirs or carriers of cryptosporidium and giardia, are abundant and globally widespread. in the present study, we collected 232 fecal specimens from commensal rodents captured in animal farms and farm neighbourhoods in china. we collected 33 asian house rats, 168 brown rats and 31 house mice. 6.0% (14/232) and 8.2% (19/232) of these rodents ... | 2015 | 25579244 |
| detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis st6-vanb2 and e. faecium st915-vana in faecal samples of wild rattus rattus in spain. | the detection of vancomycin-resistant-enterococci (vre) among wild animals represents a worrisome public health concern. the objectives of the study were to determine the possible presence of vre in faecal samples of wild small mammals in spain, to characterize the vancomycin resistance mechanisms and genetic lineages of recovered isolates and to know the diversity of enterococcal species in these animals. a total of 155 faecal samples from small mammals were inoculated in slanetz-bartley agar s ... | 2015 | 25795517 |
| prevalence and characteristics of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in the feces of wild urban norway and black rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus) from an inner-city neighborhood of vancouver, canada. | although rat feces are widely suspected to be a source of pathogenic bacteria, few investigators have studied fecal pathogens in rats. we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in norway and black rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus, respectively) from an urban neighborhood of vancouver, canada, collected september 2011-august 2012. colon content was cultured for e. coli and salmonella spp. and screened for the seven most-common enteropathog ... | 2015 | 25932669 |
| clonal diversity of ctx-m-producing, multidrug-resistant escherichia coli from rodents. | this territory-wide study investigated the occurrence of faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli among wild rodents from the 18 districts in hong kong. individual rectal swabs were obtained from the trapped animals and cultured in plain and selective media. a total of 965 wild rodents [148 chestnut spiny rats (niviventer fulvescens), 326 indo-chinese forest rats (rattus andamanensis), 452 brown rats (rattus norvegicus) and 39 black rats (rattus rattus)] ... | 2015 | 25627207 |
| capillaria hepatica infection in black rats (rattus rattus) on diego garcia, british indian ocean territory. | rats (rattus spp.) are among the most damaging invasive species worldwide. the accidental introduction of rats has caused significant detriment to native flora and fauna, crops, structures, and human livelihoods. rats are vectors of disease and carriers of various zoonotic parasites. capillaria hepatica (syn. callodium hepaticum) is a parasitic nematode found primarily in rodents but is known to infect over 140 mammal species, including human beings and several species of domestic animals. in th ... | 2015 | 25691507 |
| serological survey of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and coxiella burnetii in rodents in north-western african islands (canary islands and cape verde). | coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii are intracellular parasites that cause important reproductive disorders in animals and humans worldwide, resulting in high economic losses. the aim of the present study was to analyse the possible role of peridomestic small mammals in the maintenance and transmission of c. burnetii and t. gondii in the north-western african archipelagos of the canary islands and cape verde, where these species are commonly found affecting humans and farm animals. between 2 ... | 2015 | 26244685 |
| serological survey of antibodies to <i>toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>coxiella burnetii</i> in rodents in north-western african islands (canary islands and cape verde). | coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii are intracellular parasites that cause important reproductive disorders in animals and humans worldwide, resulting in high economic losses. the aim of the present study was to analyse the possible role of peridomestic small mammals in the maintenance and transmission of c. burnetii and t. gondii in the north-western african archipelagos of the canary islands and cape verde, where these species are commonly found affecting humans and farm animals. between 2 ... | 2015 | 28235262 |
| physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of immune, reproductive and carcinogenic effects from contaminant exposure in polar bears (ursus maritimus) across the arctic. | polar bears (ursus maritimus) consume large quantities of seal blubber and other high trophic marine mammals and consequently have some of the highest tissue concentrations of organohalogen contaminants (ohcs) among arctic biota. in the present paper we carried out a risk quotient (rq) evaluation on ohc-exposed polar bears harvested from 1999 to 2008 and from 11 circumpolar subpopulations spanning from alaska to svalbard in order to evaluate the risk of ohc-mediated reproductive effects (embryot ... | 2015 | 25825130 |
| optimising the application of multiple-capture traps for invasive species management using spatial simulation. | internationally, invasive vertebrate species pose a significant threat to biodiversity, agricultural production and human health. to manage these species a wide range of tools, including traps, are used. in new zealand, brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula), stoats (mustela ermine), and ship rats (rattus rattus) are invasive and there is an ongoing demand for cost-effective non-toxic methods for controlling these pests. recently, traps with multiple-capture capability have been developed whi ... | 2015 | 25782018 |
| [fatty acid composition of phospholipids of erythrocytes of lamprey, frog, rat, and absorption spectra of their lipid extracts]. | the work deals with study of content and fatty acid composition of phospholipids as well as of absorption spectra of lipid extracts of blood erythrocytes poikilothermal and homoiothermal animals of different evolutionary levels. objects of study were poikilothermal lamprey (lampetra fluviatilis) consuming oxygen from water and the common frog (rana temporatia) consuming it both from water and from air. homoiothermal animals were white rats (rattus rattus) inhabiting in the air medium. the animal ... | 2015 | 25775862 |
| environmental enrichment reduces anxiety by differentially activating serotonergic and neuropeptide y (npy)-ergic system in indian field mouse (mus booduga): an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. | exposure to a predator elicits an innate fear response and mimics several behavioral disorders related to post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd). the protective role of an enriched condition (ec) against psychogenic stressors in various animal models has been well documented. however, this condition has not been tested in field mice in the context of ptsd. in this study, we show that field mice (mus booduga) housed under ec exhibit predominantly proactive and less reactive behavior compared with ... | 2015 | 26016844 |
| prevalence and diversity of small mammal-associated bartonella species in rural and urban kenya. | several rodent-associated bartonella species are human pathogens but little is known about their epidemiology. we trapped rodents and shrews around human habitations at two sites in kenya (rural asembo and urban kibera) to determine the prevalence of bartonella infection. bartonella were detected by culture in five of seven host species. in kibera, 60% of rattus rattus were positive, as compared to 13% in asembo. bartonella were also detected in c. olivieri (7%), lemniscomys striatus (50%), mast ... | 2015 | 25781015 |
| feeding habits of introduced black rats, rattus rattus, in nesting colonies of galapagos petrel on san cristóbal island, galapagos. | introduced rodents are responsible for ecosystem changes in islands around the world. in the galapagos archipelago, their effects on the native flora and fauna are adverse, including the extinction of endemic rodents in some islands and the reduction in the reproductive success of the galapagos petrel (pterodroma phaeopygia) in its nesting zones. understanding the feeding behavior of introduced rodents and their trophic interactions with native and non-native species on islands, can assist in th ... | 2015 | 25984724 |
| rats: if you can't beat them eat them! (tricks of the trade observed among the adi and other north-east indian tribals). | since outside the tribal areas of north-east india it is not widely known, neither in the world nor in india itself, that rats are considered a delicious food item, this was one of several reasons why we decided to present this ethnographic account of rat procurement and preparation (together with some additional comments on the cultural role that rats have especially amongst members of the adi tribe). consumption of rats by humans as a biological control method far superior to the use of rodent ... | 2015 | 26024664 |
| molecular phylogenetic characterization of common murine rodents from manipur, northeast india. | the indian subcontinent and southeast asia are hotspots of murine biodiversity, but no species from the arakan mountain system that demarcates the border between the two areas has been subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses. we examined the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences in six murine species (the rattus rattus species complex, r. norvegicus, r. nitidus, berylmys manipulus, niviventer sp. and mus musculus) from manipur, which is located at the western foot of the mountain range. ... | 2015 | 26119663 |
| proposal for 'candidatus mycoplasma haemomuris subsp. musculi' in mice, and 'candidatus mycoplasma haemomuris subsp. ratti' in rats. | mycoplasma haemomuris is causative of infectious anaemia or splenomegaly in rodents. we examined the nucleotide sequences of the non-ribosomal genes, rnpb and dnak, in strains of the species m. haemomuris detected in small field mice and black rats. rnpb nucleotide sequences in strains of the species m. haemomuris isolated from small field mice and black rats had only 89 % sequence similarity, suggesting their separation into two distinct subgroups. dnak had a nucleotide sequence similarity of 8 ... | 2015 | 25406232 |
| ectoparasites of rodents captured in hamedan, western iran. | rodents with a population greater than the entire population of other mammals on earth are the source of economic losses and health conflicts. one of the major health problems with the rodents is their role as reservoir hosts of zoonotic diseases. the aim of this study was to assess the infestation of commensal rodents with ectoparasites in hamedan city, western iran. | 2015 | 26623438 |
| respiratory pathology and pathogens in wild urban rats (rattus norvegicus and rattus rattus). | norway (rattus norvegicus) and black rats (rattus rattus) are common peridomestic species, yet little is known about wild rat ecology, including their natural diseases. we describe gross and histological lesions in the respiratory tract of a sample of 711 wild urban rats. a subset was examined for 19 distinct categories of histological lesions in the respiratory tract. testing for known respiratory pathogens included serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of lung samples. grossly evident l ... | 2015 | 26169386 |
| characterization of leishmania (leishmania) waltoni n.sp. (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the parasite responsible for diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in the dominican republic. | leishmania parasites isolated, between 1979 and 1988 by the late bryce walton, from dominican republic (dr) patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, were characterized using a panel of 12 isoenzymes, 23 monoclonal antibodies, small subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna), and multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa). the isoenzyme and monoclonal antibody profiles and the mlsa results showed that the dominican republic parasites were distinct from other described leishmania species. this new species be ... | 2015 | 26149864 |
| breinlia (breinlia) jittapalapongi n. sp. (nematoda: filarioidea) from the asian house rat rattus tanezumi temminck in lao pdr. | a new species of filarioid nematode of the genus breinlia yorke & maplestone, 1926 (nematoda: filarioidea) is described from rodents in lao pdr and according to its morphology, is placed in the subgenus breinlia. breinlia (breinlia) jittapalapongi n. sp. occurs in the asian house rat (rattus tanezumi temminck) and the sikkim rat (rattus andamanensis blyth) and is reported from two localities (luang prabang and champasak). the new species can be distinguished from all other congeners, which are m ... | 2015 | 25693458 |
| musserellus gen. nov., and five new species of fleas (siphonaptera: stivaliidae) from murid rodents in sulawesi and west papua, indonesia. | a new stivaliid flea genus, musserellus, and five new species are described. the new genus is compared with its closest morphological relatives, the genera rectidigitus holland and metastivalius holland. musserellus vanpeeneni sp. nov., musserellus wattsi sp. nov., musserellus whitei sp. nov., and musserellus marshalli sp. nov. are described from endemic murid rodents in sulawesi, indonesia, while musserellus dunneti sp. nov. is described from rattus rattus in west papua, indonesia. host associa ... | 2016 | 27073227 |
| tooth wear patterns in black rats (rattus rattus) of madagascar differ more in relation to human impact than to differences in natural habitats. | dietary characteristics and environmental variables are important selective factors directing ecological diversification in rodents. on madagascar, the introductions and spread of the commensal black rat (rattus rattus) can be seen as example cases to study dietary niche occupation and dietary adaptation in an insular environment. we investigate how tooth wear as a measure of dietary adaptation of black rats differs between four distinct habitats (village, manioc fields, spiny forest, and rainfo ... | 2016 | 27069577 |
| experimental infection of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses to chickens, ducks, tree sparrows, jungle crows, and black rats for the evaluation of their roles in virus transmission. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have spread in both poultry and wild birds. determining transmission routes of these viruses during an outbreak is essential for the control of avian influenza. it has been widely postulated that migratory ducks play crucial roles in the widespread dissemination of hpaivs in poultry by carrying viruses along with their migrations; however close contacts between wild migratory ducks and poultry are less likely in modern industrial poultry farming ... | 2016 | 26711036 |
| review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection. | we have reviewed published anthraquinone applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943 to 2016. anthraquinone (aq) is commonly found in dyes, pigments and many plants and organisms. avian repellent research with aq began in the 1940s. in the context of pest management, aq is currently used as a chemical repellent, perch deterrent, insecticide and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and in some mammals, insects and fishes. criteria for evaluation of e ... | 2016 | 27252044 |
| abundance & distribution of trombiculid mites & orientia tsutsugamushi, the vectors & pathogen of scrub typhus in rodents & shrews collected from puducherry & tamil nadu, india. | human cases of scrub typhus are reported every year from puducherry and adjoining areas in southern india. however, information on the presence of causative agent, orientia tsutsugamushi, and its vectors is lacking. hence, the objective of the study was to find out the vector as well as pathogen distribution in rodents and shrews present in the scrub typhus-reported areas in southern india. | 2016 | 28474626 |
| nest predation by commensal rodents in urban bushland remnants. | exotic predators are a major threat to native wildlife in many parts of the world. developing and implementing effective strategies to mitigate their effects requires robust quantitative data so that management can be evidence-based, yet in many ecosystems this is missing. birds in particular have been severely impacted by exotic mammalian predators, and a plethora of studies on islands record predation of bird eggs, fledglings and adults by exotic species such as rodents, stoats and cats. by co ... | 2016 | 27295091 |
| comparative genome and evolutionary analysis of naturally occurring beilong virus in brown and black rats. | recently, we reported the presence of beilong virus in spleen and kidney samples of brown rats and black rats, suggesting that these rodents could be natural reservoirs of beilong virus. in this study, four genomes of beilong virus from brown rats and black rats were sequenced. similar to the beilong virus genome sequenced from kidney mesangial cell line culture, those of j-virus from house mouse and tailam virus from sikkim rats, these four genomes from naturally occurring beilong virus also co ... | 2016 | 27663719 |
| deadly intentions: naïve introduced foxes show rapid attraction to odour cues of an unfamiliar native prey. | introduced predators have caused declines and extinctions of native species worldwide, seemingly able to find and hunt new, unfamiliar prey from the time of their introduction. yet, just as native species are often naïve to introduced predators, in theory, introduced predators should initially be naïve in their response to novel native prey. here we examine the response of free-living introduced red foxes (vulpes vulpes) to their first encounter with the odour cues of a novel native prey, the lo ... | 2016 | 27416966 |
| coxiella burnetii genotypes in iberian wildlife. | to investigate if coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, genotypes circulating in wildlife are associated with those infecting livestock and humans, multiple-locus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva-6-marker) was carried out over c. burnetii obtained from red deer (cervus elaphus), eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa), european wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), black rat (rattus rattus), and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus). mlva typing was performed by using six variable loc ... | 2016 | 27216529 |
| intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation of gongylonema pulchrum and two rodent gongylonema spp. (g. aegypti and g. neoplasticum), with the proposal of g. nepalensis n. sp. for the isolate in water buffaloes from nepal. | the gullet worm (gongylonema pulchrum) has been recorded from a variety of mammals worldwide. in an earlier study, we demonstrated two separate transmission cycles in cattle (bos taurus) and wild mammals in japan based on nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal rna gene (rdna) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox-1) region of mitochondrial dna of multiple isolates of different origins. our earlier study additionally demonstrated two major cox-1 haplotypes of g. pulchrum prevalent in cattle in j ... | 2016 | 26531300 |
| gastrointestinal helminth fauna of rodents from cambodia: emphasizing the community ecology of host-parasite associations. | extensive field surveys of rodents were conducted in cambodia from 2008 to 2014 to study the diversity and ecology of helminth infection in wild rodent populations. gastrointestinal helminths were isolated from 14 species of rodents (569 individuals) trapped from different habitats (forest, dry land, rain-fed land and human settlements) in four provinces of cambodia (krong preah sihanouk, mondolkiri, pursat and steung treng). the average prevalence of parasitic infection was 58.5% (range, 16.0-6 ... | 2016 | 27905270 |
| helminth parasites in black rats (rattus rattus) and brown rats (rattus norvegicus) from different environments in the netherlands. | rattus norvegicus (brown rat) and rattus rattus (black rat) are known carriers of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of zoonotic and veterinary importance. moreover, rats may play a role in the transmission of muscle larvae of the zoonotic nematode trichinella spiralis to farm animals. we aimed to study the intestinal and intramuscular helminths in wild rats from three different environments to assess the relevance of rats as carrier of zoonotic parasites for public health. | 2016 | 27193418 |
| survey of house rat intestinal parasites from surabaya district, east java, indonesia that can cause opportunistic infections in humans. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of house rat zoonotic intestinal parasites from surabaya district, east java, indonesia that have the potential to cause opportunistic infection in humans. house rat fecal samples were collected from an area of surabaya district with a dense rat population during may 2015. intestinal parasites were detected microscopically using direct smear of feces stained with lugol's iodine and modified ziehl-neelsen stains. the fecal samples were a ... | 2016 | 27244955 |
| leptospira interrogans in rodents from cape verde. | leptospirosis is an important worldwide zoonotic disease that can infect both animals and humans. in most cases, leptospirosis is a nonspecific self-limiting illness, but some patients can develop a severe form with a high mortality. this study was carried out in santiago island, cape verde, in 2012-2013. a total of 62 wild rodents (rattus rattus and mus domesticus) were analyzed. the lipl32 gene, present only in pathogenic leptospira spp., was amplified by pcr, and 16 samples were positive (25. ... | 2016 | 27482622 |
| fleas and trypanosomes of peridomestic small mammals in sub-saharan mali. | fleas are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites and vectors of several bacterial zoonotic pathogens as well as trypanosomes that parasitize rodents and other small mammals. during investigations of tick- and rodent-borne diseases in mali, west africa, we included fleas and rodent-borne trypanosomes, both of which are poorly known in this country, but are attracting greater public health interest. | 2016 | 27724960 |
| surveillance of trypanosoma spp of rodents and studies in their transmission probability by fleas in some rural egyptian areas. | a new public health problem arises from animal trypanosomes that afflict human by a disease called atypical human trypanosomiasis. although humans have an innate protection against most trypanosoma species, nineteen cases of atypical human trypanosomiasis caused by the animal trypanosome as t. b. brucei, t. vivax, t. congolense, t. evansi and t. lewisi have been recorded. some of theserecorded cases were transient, six required trypanocidal treatments however two patients died. rodent trypanosom ... | 2016 | 27363052 |
| serologic evidence of flavivirus infections in peridomestic rodents in merida, mexico. | we conducted surveillance for flavivirus infection in peridomestic rodents in merida, mexico in 2011-12. we captured 161 rodents inside private residences, using sherman traps, including 86 house mice (mus musculus) and 75 black rats (rattus rattus). serum from each animal was assayed by plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt) using two vertebrate-specific flaviviruses (apoi and modoc viruses) and five mosquito-borne flaviviruses (dengue 2, dengue 4, st. louis encephalitis virus, west nile, ... | 2016 | 26540177 |
| streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., isolated from a black rat (rattus rattus). | an indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium, strain ogs16t, was isolated from an oral swab of a feral black rat (rattus rattus) in 2007 in japan. it stained gram-negative and had pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analyses, strain ogs16t was assigned to the genus streptobacillus, with 16s rrna gene sequence similarities of 99.3, 99.0, 98.6 and 95.5% to the type strains of streptobacillus moniliformis, streptobacillus notomytis, ... | 2016 | 26705259 |
| discovery of hantavirus circulating among rattus rattus in french mayotte island, indian ocean. | hantaviruses are emerging zoonotic viruses that cause human diseases. in this study, sera from 642 mammals from la réunion and mayotte islands (indian ocean) were screened for the presence of hantaviruses by molecular analysis. none of the mammals from la réunion island was positive, but hantavirus genomic rna was discovered in 29/160 (18 %) rattus rattus from mayotte island. the nucleoprotein coding region was sequenced from the liver and spleen of all positive individuals allowing epidemiologi ... | 2016 | 26932442 |
| isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii in seronegative urban rats and presence of antibodies in communicating dogs in brazil. | the role of rodents in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis was investigated in londrina, paraná state, brazil. one hundred and eighty-one rattus rattus and one mus musculus were caught in 37 places. blood and tissues were collected and submitted to the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) and the bioassay. serum samples from 61 contacting dogs were also collected. sixteen rats (8.8%) were positive for toxoplasma gondii, but just two of them were positive by serology and bioassay test. antibo ... | 2016 | 27074322 |
| detection of a yersinia pestis gene homologue in rodent samples. | a homologue to a widely used genetic marker, pla, for yersinia pestis has been identified in tissue samples of two species of rat (rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus) and of mice (mus musculus and apodemus sylvaticus) using a microarray based platform to screen for zoonotic pathogens of interest. samples were from urban locations in the uk (liverpool) and canada (vancouver). the results indicate the presence of an unknown bacterium that shares a homologue for the pla gene of yersinia pestis, so ... | 2016 | 27602258 |
| first isolates of leptospira spp., from rodents captured in angola. | rodents play an important role in the transmission of pathogenic leptospira spp. however, in angola, neither the natural reservoirs of these spirochetes nor leptospirosis diagnosis has been considered. regarding this gap, we captured rodents in luanda and huambo provinces to identify circulating leptospira spp. rodent kidney tissue was cultured and dna amplified and sequenced. culture isolates were evaluated for pathogenic status and typing with rabbit antisera; polymerase chain reaction (pcr) a ... | 2016 | 26928840 |
| identification of tenrec ecaudatus, a wild mammal introduced to mayotte island, as a reservoir of the newly identified human pathogenic leptospira mayottensis. | leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis of major concern on tropical islands. human populations on western indian ocean islands are strongly affected by the disease although each archipelago shows contrasting epidemiology. for instance, mayotte, part of the comoros archipelago, differs from the other neighbouring islands by a high diversity of leptospira species infecting humans that includes leptospira mayottensis, a species thought to be unique to this island. using bacterial culture, molecular ... | 2016 | 27574792 |
| whole-genome sequencing reveals genetic variation in the asian house rat. | whole-genome sequencing of wild-derived rat species can provide novel genomic resources, which may help decipher the genetics underlying complex phenotypes. as a notorious pest, reservoir of human pathogens, and colonizer, the asian house rat, rattus tanezumi, is successfully adapted to its habitat. however, little is known regarding genetic variation in this species. in this study, we identified over 41,000,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, plus insertions and deletions, through whole-genome ... | 2016 | 27172215 |
| determination of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar javanica and leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae as the persistent leptospira serovars circulating in the urban rat populations in peninsular malaysia. | leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of global significance, and is endemic in tropical countries, including malaysia. over the last decade, a dramatic increase of human cases was reported; however, information on the primary vector, the rat, and the leptospira serovars circulating among the rat population is limited. therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate leptospira and characterise the serovars circulating in the urban rat populations from selected main cities in pen ... | 2016 | 26927873 |
| 16s rrna amplicon sequencing for epidemiological surveys of bacteria in wildlife. | the human impact on natural habitats is increasing the complexity of human-wildlife interactions and leading to the emergence of infectious diseases worldwide. highly successful synanthropic wildlife species, such as rodents, will undoubtedly play an increasingly important role in transmitting zoonotic diseases. we investigated the potential for recent developments in 16s rrna amplicon sequencing to facilitate the multiplexing of the large numbers of samples needed to improve our understanding o ... | 2016 | 27822541 |
| an epidemiological study of a. cantonensis in jamaica subsequent to an outbreak of human cases of eosinophilic meningitis in 2000. | the infection status of angiostrongylosis in jamaica was assessed in wild rats and molluscs in the 5 years following the major outbreak of eosinophilic meningitis (em) in 2000. parasitological analyses of 297 rattus rattus and 140 rattus norvegicus, and 777 terrestrial molluscs from all 14 parishes on the island revealed angiostrongylus cantonensis in 32·0% of the rats and in 12·5% of the molluscs. multivariate analyses confirmed that a. cantonensis occurred significantly more frequently in r. r ... | 2016 | 27350332 |
| bartonella spp. in small mammals, benin. | this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of bartonella organisms in small mammals in cotonou, benin. we captured 163 rodents and 12 insectivores and successfully detected bartonella dna from 13 of the 175 small mammal individuals. bartonella spp., identical or closely related to bartonella elizabethae, bartonella tribocorum, and bartonella rochalimae, was detected. a potential new bartonella species, proposed as candidatus bartonella mastomydis, was found in three mas ... | 2016 | 26910412 |
| bartonella species identified in rodent and feline hosts from island and mainland western australia. | bacteria of the genus bartonella have been described in multiple mammalian hosts with many species capable of causing disease in humans. cats and various species of rats have been reported to play a role as vertebrate hosts to a number of bartonella spp. this study aimed to identify bartonella spp. in western australia, dirk hartog island (dhi), and christmas island (ci) and to investigate the presence of potential arthropod vectors. feral cats were collected from ci (n = 35), dhi (n = 23) and s ... | 2016 | 26900749 |
| parasites and invasions: changes in gastrointestinal helminth assemblages in invasive and native rodents in senegal. | understanding why some exotic species become widespread and abundant in their colonised range is a fundamental issue that still needs to be addressed. among many hypotheses, newly established host populations may benefit from a parasite loss ("enemy release" hypothesis) through impoverishment of their original parasite communities or reduced infection levels. moreover, the fitness of competing native hosts may be negatively affected by the acquisition of exotic taxa from invaders ("parasite spil ... | 2016 | 27670366 |
| identification of bartonella species isolated from rodents from yucatan, mexico, and isolation of bartonella vinsonii subsp. yucatanensis subsp. nov. | bartonella species are highly endemic among wild rodents in many parts of the world. blood and/or blood clot cultures from 38 rodents, including 27 yucatan deer mouse (peromyscus yucatanicus), 7 gaumer's spiny pocket mouse (heteromys gaumeri), 2 black rats (rattus rattus) and 2 big-eared climbing rats (ototylomys phyllotis) captured near merida, yucatan, mexico, led to the isolation in 3-4 days of small gram-negative bacilli, which were identified as bartonella spp. based on colony morphology. d ... | 2016 | 27626126 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in synanthropic rodents in two rural communities of yucatán, méxico. | lyme disease is a multisystemic zoonotic disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. this spirochete circulates in an enzootic cycle between the primary vertebrate reservoir and its tick vectors. different species of rodents are known to be efficient natural reservoirs for b. burgdorferi s.l. | 2016 | 27622631 |
| evaluating the risk of pathogen transmission from wild animals to domestic pigs in australia. | wild animals contribute to endemic infection in livestock as well as the introduction, reintroduction and maintenance of pathogens. the source of introduction of endemic diseases to a piggery is often unknown and the extent of wildlife contribution to such local spread is largely unexplored. the aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the probability of domestic pigs being exposed to different pathogens from wild animals commonly found around commercial piggeries in australia. spec ... | 2016 | 26711303 |
| small mammalian remains from the late holocene deposits on ishigaki and yonaguni islands, southwestern japan. | yuichiro nishioka, ryohei nakagawa, shin nunami, and satoshi hirasawa (2016) small mammalian remains were newly discovered from the late quaternary sediments of the yaeyama region (ishigaki and yonaguni islands) in the southwestern-most part of japan. we examined these materials based on taxonomical and chronological approaches, in order to reconstruct the past fauna in this region. accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating indicates that the mammalian assemblages from ishigaki and yonagu ... | 2016 | 31966150 |
| novel revelation of warfarin resistant mechanism in roof rats (rattus rattus) using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. | roof rats (rattus rattus) live mainly in human habitats. heavy use of rodenticides, such as warfarin, has led to the development of drug resistance, making pest control difficult. there have been many reports regarding mutations of vitamin k epoxide reductase (vkor), the target enzyme of warfarin, in resistant rats. however, it has been suggested there are other mechanisms of warfarin resistance. to confirm these possibilities, closed colonies of warfarin-susceptible roof rats (s) and resistant ... | 2016 | 27914534 |
| magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of neurometabolite changes in the developing rat brain at 7t. | we utilized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate the metabolic profile of the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex of the developing rat brain from postnatal days 14-70. measured metabolite concentrations were modeled using linear, exponential, or logarithmic functions and the time point at which the data reached plateau (i.e. when the portion of the data could be fit to horizontal line) was estimated and was interpreted as the time when the brain has reached maturity with res ... | 2016 | 27663970 |
| evidence of a target resistance to antivitamin k rodenticides in the roof rat rattus rattus: identification and characterisation of a novel y25f mutation in the vkorc1 gene. | in spite of intensive use of bromadiolone, rodent control was inefficient on a farm infested by rats in zaragoza, spain. while metabolic resistance was previously described in this rodent species, the observation of a target resistance to antivitamin k rodenticides had been poorly documented in rattus rattus. | 2016 | 25847836 |
| disease, models, variants and altered pathways-journeying rgd through the magnifying glass. | understanding the pathogenesis of disease is instrumental in delineating its progression mechanisms and for envisioning ways to counteract it. in the process, animal models represent invaluable tools for identifying disease-related loci and their genetic components. amongst them, the laboratory rat is used extensively in the study of many conditions and disorders. the rat genome database (rgd-http://rgd.mcw.edu) has been established to house rat genetic, genomic and phenotypic data. since its in ... | 2016 | 27602200 |
| cryptic diversity in black rats rattus rattus of the galápagos islands, ecuador. | human activity has facilitated the introduction of a number of alien mammal species to the galápagos archipelago. understanding the phylogeographic history and population genetics of invasive species on the archipelago is an important step in predicting future spread and designing effective management strategies. in this study, we describe the invasion pathway of rattus rattus across the galápagos using microsatellite data, coupled with historical knowledge. microsatellite genotypes were generat ... | 2016 | 27231528 |
| disease-induced decline of an apex predator drives invasive dominated states and threatens biodiversity. | apex predators are important in protecting biodiversity through top-down influence on food webs. their loss is linked with competitive release of invasive mesopredators and species extinctions. the tasmanian devil (sarcophilus harrisii) has experienced severe declines over a 15-yr period as a novel transmissible cancer has spread across its current geographic range. we surveyed the mammalian community, using hair traps, across the spatial extent of the devil's progressive population decline. we ... | 2016 | 27145614 |
| spermatozoon ultrastructure of thysanotaenia congolensis (cyclophyllidea, anoplocephalidae, inermicapsiferinae): phylogenetic implications. | the mature spermatozoon of thysanotaenia congolensis, an intestinal parasite of black rat rattus rattus from cape verde, is described by means of transmission electron microscopy. the ultrastructural organization of the sperm cell of t. congolensis follows levron et al.'s type vii of the eucestoda. it corresponds to a uniflagellate spermatozoon that presents crested bodies, periaxonemal sheath and intracytoplasmic walls, spiralled cortical microtubules and nucleus spiralled around the axoneme. t ... | 2016 | 27083191 |
| rat breeding parameters according to floor space available in cage. | the cage floor space recommended for a female rat with a litter is greater in the 8th edition of the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals than in previous editions. as a result, research institutions using commonly available cages to house rats may not offer the recommended amount of space for a breeding pair and litter housed in the same cage. we evaluated breeding parameters in rats housed in cages with 143 in(2) (922.6 cm(2)) compared with 210 in(2) (1355 cm(2)) of floor space. gi ... | 2016 | 26817975 |
| functional ultrastructure of eggs and cellular organization of hexacanths of the cyclophyllidean cestode thysanotaenia congolensis: a phylogenetic implication of obtained results. | the functional ultrastructure of eggs and cellular organization of hexacanths from gravid proglottids of thysanotaenia congolensis, from black rats from cape verde, were examined by transmission electron microscopy. mature eggs with fully formed hexacanths are grouped within parenchymatous capsules of gravid proglottids. oncospheral envelopes surrounding mature hexacanths are reduced to a very thin membranous embryophore as their protective function is taken over by the parenchymatous capsules o ... | 2016 | 26689933 |
| identification of novel rosavirus species that infects diverse rodent species and causes multisystemic dissemination in mouse model. | while novel picornaviruses are being discovered in rodents, their host range and pathogenicity are largely unknown. we identified two novel picornaviruses, rosavirus b from the street rat, norway rat, and rosavirus c from five different wild rat species (chestnut spiny rat, greater bandicoot rat, indochinese forest rat, roof rat and coxing's white-bellied rat) in china. analysis of 13 complete genome sequences showed that "rosavirus b" and "rosavirus c" represent two potentially novel picornavir ... | 2016 | 27737017 |
| global population divergence and admixture of the brown rat (rattus norvegicus). | native to china and mongolia, the brown rat (rattus norvegicus) now enjoys a worldwide distribution. while black rats and the house mouse tracked the regional development of human agricultural settlements, brown rats did not appear in europe until the 1500s, suggesting their range expansion was a response to relatively recent increases in global trade. we inferred the global phylogeography of brown rats using 32 k snps, and detected 13 evolutionary clusters within five expansion routes. one clus ... | 2016 | 27798305 |
| diet analysis of small mammal pests: a comparison of molecular and microhistological methods. | knowledge of what pest species are eating is important to determine their impact on stored food products and to plan management strategies accordingly. in this study, we investigated the food habits of 2 rodents, rattus rattus (ship rat) and mus musculus castaneus (house mouse) as well as an insectivore, suncus murinus (shrew), present in human dwellings. both a microhistological approach and a dna barcoding approach were used in the present study. following dna extraction, amplification was per ... | 2016 | 27001489 |
| first histopathological study in kidneys of rodents naturally infected with leptospira pathogenic species from yucatan, mexico. | to report the renal histological lesions in synanthropic rodents, mus musculus and rattus rattus, naturally infected with leptospira spp., captured in a rural community in yucatan, mexico. | 2016 | 26919944 |
| response of dominant rodents to coumatetralyl and bromadiolone in greater cairo, egypt. | since the 1950s, anticoagulant rodenticides are used to control rodents in public health and agriculture sectors. the extensive use of these compounds has acted as selective force to rodents, leading to resistance. resistance mechanisms have been iden- tified in rats and mice, including the modification of the enzyme that activates vitamin k, vitamin k epoxide reductase (vkor). susceptibility levels of the norway rat, rattus norvegicus and the roof rat, rattus rattus to coumatetralyl (first gene ... | 2016 | 30230752 |
| invasive rats strengthen predation pressure on bird eggs in a south pacific island rainforest. | invasive rats (rattus spp.) are known to have pervasive impacts on island birds, particularly on their nesting success. to conserve or restore bird populations, numerous invasive rat control or eradication projects are undertaken on islands worldwide. however, such projects represent a huge investment and the decision-making process requires proper assessment of rat impacts. here, we assessed the influence of two sympatric invasive rats (rattus rattus and r. exulans) on native bird eggs in a new ... | 2017 | 29492018 |
| investigations into the role of rats as intermediate hosts for neospora caninum in chennai, india. | attempts were made to detect neospora caninum in rats (rattus rattus) in and around chennai, india. during the study, 112 feral rats were trapped and blood, brain, heart, lungs and diaphragm samples were collected for serological, parasitological and molecular identification of n. caninum. out of 112 rats, cyst-like structures were identified in 16 brain squash samples. however, the identity of the cysts could not be confirmed as n. caninum. a total of 12 sera samples were positive for n. caninu ... | 2017 | 31014654 |
| [(acari: trombiculidae) (the infestation of small mammals in south-eastern vietnam with harvest mites (acari: trombiculidae))]. | this investigation was conducted in three provinces of southern vietnam in september-october 2011. a total of 257 small mammals of 11 species were caught; among them 120 rodents were infected with harvest mites of 8 species (trom- biculidac). about 4000 mites of nearly 1200 identified species were collected from the small mammals. 17 species of harvest mites were identified. walchia lupella, leptotrombidium deliense, walchia kritochaeta, and walchia micropelta predominated in the collections. mo ... | 2017 | 30721614 |
| detection of leishmania spp in silvatic mammals and isolation of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis from rattus rattus in an endemic area for leishmaniasis in minas gerais state, brazil. | knowledge of potential reservoirs of leishmania spp. in an anthropic environment is important so that surveillance and control measures can be implemented. the aim of this study was to investigate the infection by leishmania in small mammals in an area located in minas gerais, brazil, that undergoes changes in its natural environment and presents autochthonous human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl). for the capture of the animals, sherman and tomahawk traps w ... | 2017 | 29176902 |
| control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action. | invasive rats are one of the world's most successful animal groups that cause native species extinctions and ecosystem change, particularly on islands. on large islands, rat eradication is often impossible and population control, defined as the local limitation of rat abundance, is now routinely performed on many of the world's islands as an alternative management tool. however, a synthesis of the motivations, techniques, costs, and outcomes of such rat-control projects is lacking. we reviewed t ... | 2017 | 27982493 |
| high prevalence of angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) on eastern hawai'i island: a closer look at life cycle traits and patterns of infection in wild rats (rattus spp.). | the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic pathogen and the etiological agent of human angiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease. hawai'i, particularly east hawai'i island, is the epicenter for angiostrongyliasis in the usa. rats (rattus spp.) are the definitive hosts while gastropods are intermediate hosts. the main objective of this study was to collect adult a. cantonensis from wild rats to isolate protein for the development of a blood-based diagnostic, in the process we evaluat ... | 2017 | 29252992 |
| potential causative mutation for melanism in rats identified in the agouti signaling protein gene (asip) of the rattus rattus species complex on okinawa island, japan. | the occurrence of black fur, or melanism, in many mammalian species is known to be linked to dna sequence variation in the agouti signaling protein (asip) gene, which is a major determinant of eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments in coat color. we investigated 38 agouti (i.e., banded wildtype) and four melanistic rattus rattus species complex (rrc) lineage ii specimens from okinawa island, ryukyu islands, japan, for genetic variation in three exons and associated flanking regions in the asip gene. ... | 2017 | 29219041 |
| use of anticoagulant rodenticides in outdoor urban areas: considerations and proposals for the protection of public health and non-target species. | rodent control operations represent an important tool for the prevention and management of infestations, in outdoor environments, by synanthropic rodents (rattus rattus and r. norvegicus), which are a source of economic and environmental damage with significant sanitary implications. although the use of anticoagulants is safer to humans and pets compared to the use of acute poisoning substances, an intrinsic hazard of the active ingredients exists, i.e. the possible poisoning of non-target organ ... | 2017 | 29215130 |
| draft genome of the emerging pathogen, kocuria marina, isolated from a wild urban rat. | kocuria marina has recently emerged as a cause for catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with underlying health complications. one k. marina strain was recently isolated from the lung tissues of a wild urban rat (rattus rattus diardii) caught during rodent surveillance. here, we present the draft genome of the first k. marina animal isolate, k. marina tre150902. | 2017 | 29211248 |
| dipterofauna associated with rat carcasses in the atlantic forest, southeastern brazil. | each biome has its own fauna and intrinsic local conditions that determine the succession patterns of insects on carcasses. for this reason, regional studies are very important to forensics. this study deals with the flies that visit carcasses of rattus rattus (l., 1758) in the atlantic forest remnant of floresta da tijuca, rio de janeiro, brazil. we compare the diversity and relative abundance of fly families and species throughout the four seasons of the year and test for correlations between ... | 2017 | 28981854 |
| dietary diversity on the swahili coast: the fauna from two zanzibar trading locales. | occupants of coastal and island eastern africa-now known as the 'swahili coast'-were involved in long-distance trade with the indian ocean world during the later first millennium ce. such exchanges may be traced via the appearance of non-native animals in the archaeofaunal record; additionally, this record reveals daily culinary practises of the members of trading communities and can thus shed light on subsistence technologies and social organisation. yet despite the potential contributions of f ... | 2017 | 28979085 |
| abiotic and biotic contributors to support inter-epidemic francisella tularensis in an agricultural peri-urban environment. | to characterize the inter-epidemic ecology of francisella tularensis, we surveyed vertebrates and invertebrates for the abundance, spatial distribution, and status of infection at a site in northern california that had evidence of endemic type b tularemia. we collected 2910 mosquitoes, 77 biting flies, 704 ticks, 115 mammals, and 1911 aquatic invertebrates in 2013-2014. real-time pcr on all mosquitoes, 40 biting flies, 113 aquatic invertebrates, and 650 ticks did not detect f. tularensis dna. in ... | 2017 | 28968195 |
| lack of trypanosoma cruzi infection in urban roof rats (rattus rattus) at a texas facility housing naturally infected nonhuman primates. | the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi causes chagas disease, uses kissing bugs as a vector, and is maintained in nature by a variety of wildlife reservoirs. many natural cases of chagas disease have been reported in nhp at facilities across the southern united states, where infected vectors and wildlife occur. infection of nhp with t. cruzi can diminish their value as research models and lead to health problems and death. identifying the modes of transmission and role of wildlife reservoirs i ... | 2017 | 28905716 |
| assessment of ddt contamination in house rat as a possible bioindicator in ddt-sprayed areas from ethiopia and south africa. | ethiopia and south africa are among the few countries to still implement indoor residual spraying with dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (ddt) for malaria vector control. in this study, we investigated the levels and ecological risks of ddt and its metabolites in liver tissues of house rat, as a sentinel animal, for providing an early warning system for public health and wildlife intervention from ethiopia and south africa. the results showed that σddt concentration ranged from 127 to 9155 μg/kg ... | 2017 | 28865000 |
| spatial capture-mark-resight estimation of animal population density. | sightings of previously marked animals can extend a capture-recapture dataset without the added cost of capturing new animals for marking. combined marking and resighting methods are therefore an attractive option in animal population studies, and there exist various likelihood-based non-spatial models, and some spatial versions fitted by markov chain monte carlo sampling. as implemented to date, the focus has been on modeling sightings only, which requires that the spatial distribution of pre-m ... | 2017 | 28834536 |
| reconstructing asian faunal introductions to eastern africa from multi-proxy biomolecular and archaeological datasets. | human-mediated biological exchange has had global social and ecological impacts. in sub-saharan africa, several domestic and commensal animals were introduced from asia in the pre-modern period; however, the timing and nature of these introductions remain contentious. one model supports introduction to the eastern african coast after the mid-first millennium ce, while another posits introduction dating back to 3000 bce. these distinct scenarios have implications for understanding the emergence o ... | 2017 | 28817590 |