Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| molecular cloning and expression analysis of a macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor-like gene from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the m-csf and its receptor (m-csfr, csf-1r or c-fms proto-oncogene) system were initially implicated as essential in mammals for normal monocyte development as well as for pregnancy. to allow a comparison with the m-csf and m-csfr system of an oviparous animal, we cloned a m-csfr-like gene from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the gene was cloned from a cdna library of head kidney. it contained an open reading frame encoding 967 amino acids with a predicted size of 109 kda. the putative amin ... | 2005 | 15488938 |
| molecular cloning of the seventh component of complement in rainbow trout. | c7 is an integral component of the lytic pathway of complement, which interacts in a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components to form the membrane attack complex. c7 plays a central role in the terminal complement cascade, since its incorporation into the nascent complex allows its hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition, which subsequently leads to the direct binding of the complex to the target membrane. to date, only human and porcine c7 have been cloned and characterize ... | 2005 | 15450749 |
| kinetics of mx expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) parr in response to vhs-dna vaccination. | the duration of the mx mrna response to an intramuscular injection of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) glycoprotein (g) gene dna vaccine as well as to the control plasmid was determined in rainbow trout at 14 degrees c over a period of 11 weeks. the mx response was detectable on day 7, peaked on day 14 and returned to pretreatment levels on day 21 and thereafter. no increase in mx expression was detectable to the control plasmid. in further experiments, the kinetics of the mx resp ... | 2005 | 15450971 |
| time course study of in situ expression of antigens following dna-vaccination against vhs in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) fry. | the present study was performed as a time course study of fish vaccinated with 20 microg plasmid dna vaccine encoding either the vhsv g-protein or the vhsv n-protein. samples of the injection site were collected sequentially over a 7-week period. the study revealed an intense positive staining by immunohistochemistry for the viral g-protein mainly in the membrane of intact myocytes, most prominent by days 10-27, and with concomitant infiltration of inflammatory cells by days 13-38 that subsequen ... | 2005 | 15722229 |
| studies on retinol-binding protein during vitellogenesis in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | retinoids are important regulatory signaling molecules during embryonic development and therefore, should be present in the eggs of oviparous animals that develop independently of the maternal organism. studies were initiated in rainbow trout to elucidate the role of retinol-binding protein (rbp), the specific retinol carrier protein in vertebrate plasma, during vitellogenesis. plasma levels of rbp in pre-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, and post-vitellogenic females were compared to plasma of male t ... | 2005 | 15748715 |
| control of adipose tissue lipid metabolism by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) is a cytokine with multiple biological functions which, in mammals, has been shown to modulate muscle and adipose tissue metabolism. in fish, tnf alpha has been identified in several species. however, few studies have examined the role of tnf alpha in fish outside the immune system. in this study, we assessed the effects of human recombinant tnf alpha and conditioned media from rainbow trout lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated macrophages (lps-mcm) on lipo ... | 2005 | 15749811 |
| influence of feeding ratio and size on susceptibility to microsporidial gill disease caused by loma salmonae in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | two trials were designed to quantify the effect of feeding ratio and fish size on the cohabitation transmission of loma salmonae, the causative agent of microsporidial gill disease (mgd) in salmonids, oncorhynchus spp. to evaluate the effect of feeding ratio on disease onset, groups of 45 rainbow trout, o. mykiss (walbaum) (rbt), were fed daily at 1% (low), 2% (medium) or 4% (high) of the fish biomass in the tank. there were three tanks at each feeding level: two tanks were exposed to the pathog ... | 2005 | 15752278 |
| sandwich immunoassay for determination of vitellogenin in golden grey mullet (liza aurata) serum as a field exposure biomarker. | vitellogenin (vtg) is a protein produced in the liver of oviparous animals in response to oestrogens. abnormal production of vtg by males, therefore, is used as a biological indicator of exposure to xeno-oestrogens. in this study, a sandwich-elisa for measuring vtg in liza aurata (golden grey mullet) was developed and validated. plasma vtg was purified from 17beta-oestradiol-injected immature individuals of mullet, by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. polyclonal antibodies against ... | 2005 | 15756602 |
| characteristics of inhibition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) by normal rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss serum. | we studied the characteristics of rainbow trout serum (rts) inhibitory activity against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). serum inhibition was related to the serum source and host cell in which the virus had been propagated. ipnv was more efficiently inhibited by rts in salmonid cell lines than in non-salmonid cell lines, with inhibition highest in rainbow trout gonad (rtg)-2 cells. the rts sensitivity of the virus was modified by the cell line through which the virus passed, with mul ... | 2005 | 15759799 |
| effect of pseudomonas sp. mt5 baths on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout and on microbial diversity on fish skin and gills. | use of pseudomonas sp. strain mt5 to prevent and treat flavobacterium columnare infection was studied in 2 experiments with fingerling rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in the first experiment, length heterogeneity analysis of pcr-amplified dna fragments (lh-pcr) was used to assess the effect of antagonistic baths on the microbial diversity of healthy and experimentally infected fish. in the 148 samples studied, no difference was found between bathed and unbathed fish, and 3 fragment lengths we ... | 2005 | 15759801 |
| expression of genes related to the early immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection. | in the last few years, many cytokine and other immune related genes have been identified in different teleost species, thus allowing their study at a molecular level. however, very little is known about their effect on fish antiviral responses. in the current work, we have studied the effect of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection on the expression of different immune genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) through semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain rea ... | 2005 | 15784292 |
| [a preliminary study of parasite diversity in the anadromous kamchatkan mikizha parasalmo mykiss mykiss (osteichthyes: salmoniformes: salmonidae)]. | the study of parasites associated with the anadromous mikizha from several rivers of the western kamchatka has revealed 44 parasite species. the majority of parasites (59%) belong to marine and estuarine-marine species. lecithophyllum bothryophorum, echinorhynchus leidyi and plerocercoids of the family litobothriidae were found for the first time in anadromous fish entering into asian continental watersheds. it has been revealed that only a few specimens of the anadromous mikizha feed in fresh w ... | 2005 | 15810557 |
| activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mononuclear phagocytes by different pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) bearing agents. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cells of a monocyte-macrophage lineage (rtmocs) were used to characterize the ability of the trout innate immune system to recognize and respond to different pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) bearing substances. compared to what has been reported for mammalian macrophages, rtmocs responded with lower sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli (ec-lps) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa-lps). the sensitivity of rtmocs to lps was not in ... | 2005 | 15829310 |
| characterisation of salmon and trout cd8alpha and cd8beta. | the genes and corresponding cdnas of both alpha and beta chains of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cd8 molecule have been sequenced and characterized. in addition, the cdnas for alpha and beta chains of brown trout (salmo trutta) and for the beta chain in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) have been sequenced. the cdnas code for signal sequences which are preceded by short 5' utrs. these are followed by typical immunoglobulin superfamily variable sequences all of which contain two conserved c ... | 2005 | 15829311 |
| comparative mapping of expressed sequence tags containing microsatellites in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | comparative genomics, through the integration of genetic maps from species of interest with whole genome sequences of other species, will facilitate the identification of genes affecting phenotypes of interest. the development of microsatellite markers from expressed sequence tags will serve to increase marker densities on current salmonid genetic maps and initiate in silico comparative maps with species whose genomes have been fully sequenced. | 2005 | 15836796 |
| estrogenicity of butylparaben in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss exposed via food and water. | the estrogenic effect of butylparaben was investigated in a rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss test system. butylparaben was administered orally to sexually immature rainbow trout every second day for up to 10 days in doses between 4 and 74 mgkg(-1)2d(-1) and in the water at 35 and 201 microgl(-1) for 12 days. plasma vitellogenin was measured before and during the exposures and the concentrations of butylparaben in liver and muscle were determined at the end of experiments. increases in average p ... | 2005 | 15848249 |
| effects of redox cycling compounds on dt diaphorase activity in the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | background: dt diaphorase (dtd; nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase; ec 1.6.99.2) catalyses the two electron reduction of quinones, thus preventing redox cycling and consequently quinone dependent production of reactive oxygen species. in rat and mouse, a wide range of chemicals including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and quinones induces dtd. bifunctional compounds, such as beta-naphthoflavone (beta-nf) and benzo(a)pyrene (b(a)p), induce dtd together with cyp1a and phase ii enzymes by a mechan ... | 2005 | 15871734 |
| characterization of na, k-atpase genes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and comparative genomic organization with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a combination of molecular and in silico approaches was employed to assemble a survey of na, k-atpase genes contained in the ancestrally tetraploid genome of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). molecular characterization of genomic clones coding for the alpha subunit revealed two single genes (alpha1a and alpha2) and two pairs of presumably homeologous genes (alpha1b/i-ii and alpha1c/i-ii). each of the six genes showed high sequence similarity to isoforms previously isolated from rainbow trout an ... | 2005 | 15883826 |
| mixtures of estrogenic contaminants in bile of fish exposed to wastewater treatment works effluents. | most effluents from wastewater treatment works (wwtws) contain estrogenic chemicals that include steroidal estrogens and xenoestrogens. we investigated the nature of mixtures of estrogenic contaminants taken up by two species of fish exposed to two wwtws effluents. sexually immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and sexually mature roach, rutilus rutilus, were exposed to tap water, river water, or one of two estrogenic wwtws effluents for up to 10 days, when the fish were sacrificed and ti ... | 2005 | 15884336 |
| influence of rearing conditions on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the influence of rearing conditions on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), was studied experimentally in the laboratory and at a fish farm. in experiment i, the effect of parasitic infection on columnaris disease was studied using f. columnare carrier fish. the fish were exposed to diplostomum spathaceum cercariae and a set of other stressors in order to induce clinical columnaris infection. parasitic infection and other stressors failed to induce ... | 2005 | 15892752 |
| sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treated municipal sewage effluent for 32 weeks. fish were injected intra-peritoneally either with inactivated ... | 2005 | 15892994 |
| effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase-ii isozyme activity in vitro and rat erythrocytes in vivo. | the effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rt) were investigated on the carbonic anhydrase enzyme (ca) activities in in vitro human and in in vivo sprague-dawley rat erythrocytes. the rt blood was used as extracellular fluid (plasma) source and plasma inhibitors were obtained by dialysis of the plasma. for the in vitro study, human carbonic anhydrase-ii (hca-ii) isozyme was obtained by sepharose 4b-l-tyrosine-sulfanylamide affinity chromatogra ... | 2005 | 15895682 |
| early interactions of flavobacterium psychrophilum with macrophages of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the early interactions of a low and a highly virulent flavobacterium psychrophilum strain with head kidney and spleen macrophages of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were characterized. the highly virulent strain was killed 5.8 to 11 times less frequently than the low virulent strain. the head kidney macrophages showed a microbicidal activity approximately twice as high as that of the spleen macrophages. a 2- to 3-fold higher production of reactive oxygen species (ros) was induced by the highly ... | 2005 | 15900684 |
| the role of myostatin and the calcineurin-signalling pathway in regulating muscle mass in response to exercise training in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum were exercised at 0.8 and 1.6 body lengths s(-1) for 18 h a day over a 30 day period. exercise resulted in a 24-30% increase in the average cross-sectional area of fast muscle fibres relative to tank-rested controls. the concentrations of growth factors and transcription factors hypothesised to play a role in regulating exercise-induced muscle fibre hypertrophy were measured. exercise training resulted in a minor increase in calcineurin localisation in t ... | 2005 | 15914652 |
| spatial and temporal variations in sea lice (copepoda: caligidae) infestations of three salmonid species farmed in net pens in southern chile. | sea lice infestations have become a major health problem for farmed salmonids throughout the world including chile. in southern chile, 6 geographical areas, divided into 22 geographical zones with a total of 127 salmon farming centers and 1519 sea pens, were regularly sampled from december 1999 to april 2002. a linear mixed-effects model (lme) approach was used to describe the infestations of adult forms of sea lice on 3 salmonid species farmed in southern chile. the variables fish species, wate ... | 2005 | 15918480 |
| effect of fasting on thyroid hormone levels, and tr(alpha) and tr(beta) mrna accumulation in late-stage embryo and juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the accumulation of mrna encoding for hepatic and intestinal t3-receptor (tr) and body and liver masses were measured in fed and 3-week fasted juvenile and swim up stage rainbow trout embryos. plasma and total body thyroid hormone (th) levels were measured for juvenile and swim up stages, respectively. fasted juveniles exhibited a lower hepatosomatic index (hsi), liver mass and plasma t4 and t3 concentrations than fed animals, but there were no changes in body mass or the accumulation of mrna en ... | 2005 | 15936705 |
| bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. | during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ... | 2005 | 15962470 |
| vaccination strategies to prevent emerging diseases for spanish aquaculture. | in recent years, three serious diseases have emerged in spanish aquaculture. these are lactococcosis caused by lactococcus garvieae, which is of economical importance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss); pseudomonadiasis caused by pseudomonas anguilliseptica which affects gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus); and flexibacteriosis caused by tenacibaculum maritimum which became a devastating problem in the emerging culture of sole (solea spp). to obtain useful inf ... | 2005 | 15962472 |
| development of a subunit vaccine for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus using a baculovirus insect/larvae system. | various attempts to develop a vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) have not yielded consistent results. thus, at present, no commercial vaccine is available that can be used with confidence to immunize fry of salmon and trout. we generated a cdna clone of the large genome segment a of an ipnv sp strain and expressed all structural protein genes in insect cells and larvae using a baculovirus expression system. green fluorescent protein was also coexpressed as a reporter mol ... | 2005 | 15962479 |
| review of the sequential development of loma salmonae (microsporidia) based on experimental infections of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (o. tshawytscha). | loma salmonae is a common gill parasite of salmonids, and essentially all species in the genus oncorhynchus are susceptible. infections occur in both fresh and salt water. loma salmonae is directly transmissible by ingestion of spores or infected tissue. the parasite infects the wall of blood vessels of various organs, but the gill is the primary site of infection. initial infection occurs in the intestine, and xenomas are easily detected in the gills by standard histology at 4-6 wk post-exposur ... | 2005 | 16004365 |
| an in vitro system for the long-term tissue culture of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testis. | in vitro cultivation of fish gonad fragments continues to be an important experimental approach to answer both fundamental and applied scientific questions. the aim of the present investigation was to test whether juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testes cultured for a week or more were physiologically competent. trout testis fragments (approximately 1 mm2) were placed on pieces of flat, culture plate insert filter, in a drop of liquid medium (modified leibovitz's l-15), and floated o ... | 2005 | 16013044 |
| oceanobacillus oncorhynchi sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and emended description of the genus oceanobacillus. | a halotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium, r-2(t), was isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a freshwater fish. the strain is gram-positive, ferments several carbohydrates, is rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella and produces ellipsoidal spores. the isolate grows at ph 9-10 but not at ph 7-8. this micro-organism grows in 0-22% (w/v) nacl at ph 10. its major cellular fatty acids are iso-c(15:0), anteiso-c(15:0) and anteiso-c(17:0), the major isoprenoid ... | 2005 | 16014475 |
| genetic relationships among members of the ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks. | abstract ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. recently it has been demonstrated that ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. to address the question of hos ... | 2005 | 15705156 |
| use of a rainbow trout oligonucleotide microarray to determine transcriptional patterns in aflatoxin b1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma compared to adjacent liver. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its occurrence is associated with a number of environmental factors including ingestion of the dietary contaminant aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)). research over the last 40 years has revealed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to be an excellent research model for study of afb(1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; however, little is known about changes at the molecular level in trout tumors. we have developed a rainbow ... | 2005 | 16141433 |
| gene duplication of the seventh component of complement in rainbow trout. | the seventh component of complement is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein that is involved in the cytolytic phase of complement activation through a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components. we have previously isolated and characterized a c7 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here, we report the cloning of a second trout c7 gene (c7-2). the deduced amino acid sequence of the c7-2 gene exhibits 43 and 50% identity with human c7 and trout c7-1, respectively. th ... | 2005 | 16142474 |
| isolation of vagococcus salmoninarum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), broodstocks: characterization of the pathogen. | coldwater 'streptococcosis', caused by vagococcus salmoninarum, is an emerging disease of rainbow trout in the european union, causing mortality rates up to 50% in broodstock during the spawning period, with water temperature of 10-12 degrees c. a study to determine the presence and role of this bacterium was undertaken using classical bacteriological techniques confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. this is the first report of isolation of v salmoninarum in relation to outbreaks of mortality ... | 2005 | 16142604 |
| identification and expression of a host-recognized antigen, fspa, from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, an economically important disease of immature salmonid fish for which there is no vaccine. convalescent serum from the host, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), reacted strongly with a approximately 20 kda, flavobacterium-specific protein antigen (subsequently named fspa) from f. psychrophilum. protein-enriched, detergent-partitioned samples were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the protein ... | 2005 | 16151223 |
| isolation of the salmonid rhamnose-binding lectin stl2 from spores of the microsporidian fish parasite loma salmonae. | the microsporidian parasite, loma salmonae, is the causative agent of gill disease in both wild and netpen-reared salmonids worldwide. in this paper we report the finding of a rhamnose-binding lectin from steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, which was found bound in high concentration to the surface coat of l. salmonae spores. sds-page, immunoblot, n-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometric analyses were used to determine that the dominant 24 kda protein lectin observed on sds-page analysis o ... | 2005 | 16159363 |
| identification of a novel cathelicidin gene in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the cloning of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene, termed rtcath_1, found in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the predicted 216-residue rtcath_1 prepropeptide consists of three domains: a 22-residue signal peptide, a 128-residue cathelin-like region containing two identifiable cathelicidin family signatures, and a predicted 66-residue c-terminal cationic antimicrobial peptide. this predicted mature peptide was unique in possessing features of different known (mammalian) cathelic ... | 2005 | 16041021 |
| treatment of columnaris disease of rainbow trout: low ph and salt as possible tools? | the impact of salt and low ph on columnaris disease of fish was studied. survival of flavobacterium columnare after exposure to either 4% nacl (ph 7.2) or ph 5.0, ph 4.86 or ph 4.6 for 15 min or 1 h was studied in vitro. all conditions significantly reduced the numbers of viable bacterial cells. the effects of salt (4 and 2%) and acidic baths (ph 4.6) were studied in 2 experiments in vivo with rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss infected with f. columnare. both salt and acidic baths failed to prev ... | 2005 | 16060264 |
| identification and bioactivities of ifn-gamma in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: the first th1-type cytokine characterized functionally in fish. | ifn-gamma is one of the key cytokines in defining th1 immune responses. in this study, an ifn-gamma homologue has been identified in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, and its biological activities have been characterized. the trout ifn-gamma cdna is 1034 bp in length and translates into a 180-aa protein. the first intron of the trout ifn-gamma gene contains highly polymorphic gaca minisatellites and 44-bp dna repeats, giving rise to at least six alleles. ifn-gamma is structurally conserved amon ... | 2005 | 16081820 |
| characterization of toll-like receptor 3 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | antiviral immunity in fish is not well understood. in mammals, toll-like receptor (tlr) 3 is involved in double-stranded rna recognition and host immune response activation. here, we report the first identification of a rainbow trout tlr3 ortholog (rttlr3), its genomic structure, and mrna regulation. six exons and five introns were identified from bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) and expressed sequence tag (est) sequencing, and this genomic organization is similar to mammalian and fish tlr3 ... | 2005 | 16086174 |
| cardiovascular responses of three salmonid species affected with amoebic gill disease (agd). | the cardiovascular effects of amoebic gill disease (agd) were investigated immediately following surgery in three salmonid species; atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). fish, both naïve (control) and infected (agd-affected) of each species, were fitted with dorsal aorta catheters and cardiac flow probes. cardiac output and dorsal aortic pressures were then continuously measured over a 6-h period following surgery. result ... | 2005 | 16088392 |
| estrogenic effects of environmental chemicals: an interspecies comparison. | the development of various in vitro screening methods has led to identification of novel estrogenic chemicals of natural and anthropogenic origin. in this study, the (anti)estrogenic potential of several environmental chemicals were compared in an array of in vitro test systems comprising: (i) competitive binding to estrogen receptors derived from the human breast cancer cell line mcf-7 (her) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rter), (ii) a proliferation assay with mcf-7 cells (e-screen), ... | 2005 | 16099220 |
| pathogenicity of vibrios to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and artemia nauplii. | the taxonomy of marine vibrios has changed rapidly over the last two decades, and a wealth of new species have been identified. many vibrio species are pathogenic to fish and crustaceans; however, little is known about the virulence of many of the novel species. the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of various recent isolates of vibrios to cause disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and crustacea, i.e. artemia nauplii. of 56 isolates, representing 26 species of ... | 2005 | 16104871 |
| short-term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: acute effects on fatty acyl-coa oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids. | this study investigated the effects of exposure to waterborne perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on oxidative stress and reproductive endpoints in fish. exposures utilized species commonly used in toxicological testing, including the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as relatively insensitive taxa such as creek chub (semotilus atromaculatus), spottail shiner (notropis hudsonius), and white sucker (catostomus commersoni). in all fish species, shor ... | 2005 | 16110997 |
| four novel hemolysin genes of vibrio anguillarum and their virulence to rainbow trout. | four nucleotide sequences showing homology to known hemolysin genes were cloned and sequenced from v. anguillarum strain h775-3. the four genes, vah2, vah3, vah4 and vah5, have open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 291, 690, 200 and 585 amino acid residues, respectively, with predicted molecular masses of 33, 75, 22 and 66kda, respectively. vah2 is most closely related to a putative hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus yj016 (89% identity). vah3 is most closely related to a hemolysin-related pr ... | 2005 | 16126365 |
| comparison of individual and pooled sampling methods for detecting bacterial pathogens of fish. | examination of finfish populations for viral and bacterial pathogens is an important component of fish disease control programs worldwide. two methods are commonly used for collecting tissue samples for bacteriological culture, the currently accepted standards for detection of bacterial fish pathogens. the method specified in the office international des epizooties manual of diagnostic tests for aquatic animals permits combining renal and splenic tissues from as many as 5 fish into pooled sample ... | 2005 | 16130986 |
| evidence for hox gene duplication in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): a tetraploid model species. | we examined the genomic organization of hox genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a tetraploid teleost derivative species, in order to test models of presumptive genomic duplications during vertebrate evolution. thirteen putative clusters were localized in the current rainbow trout genetic map; however, analysis of the sequence data suggests the presence of at least 14 hox clusters. many duplicated genes appear to have been retained in the genome and share a high percentage of amino acid ... | 2005 | 16315109 |
| metal-ion-mediated oxidative stress in the gill homogenate of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): antioxidant potential of manganese, selenium, and albumin. | human activities play a major role in toxic and carcinogenic metal pollution of the environment. this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of copper and mercury at the 400- to 1000-microm concentration range on some biochemical markers of oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation (lpo), glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activity, and reduced glutathione (gsh) content in the rainbow trout gill homogenates with or without supplementation of manganese, selenium, and bovine serum albumin (b ... | 2005 | 16327069 |
| use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | from a comparison of 125 bacterial isolates recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus sp., a culture was obtained which was effective at preventing clinical disease caused by lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae when used as a feed additive. the culture, aeromonas sobria gc2, was incorporated into the feed and fed to rainbow trout (average weight = 20 g) for 14 days at a dose equivalent to 5 x 10(7) cells g(-1) of feed. whereas the untre ... | 2005 | 16336470 |
| changes in the neuromodulators of the diffuse endocrine system of the alimentary canal of farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), naturally infected with eubothrium crassum (cestoda). | a histopathological and immunohistochemical study on the intestines of 45 specimens of farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), from loch awe, scotland, revealed a number of cellular deviations in individuals naturally infected with the pseudophyllidean cestode eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779). twenty-five individuals (55.5%) were infected with an average worm burden of 18.84 +/- 4.06 (mean +/- se) cestodes per host (range, 2-80 worms; total 471 worms). the cestodes, measuring an ave ... | 2005 | 16336471 |
| experimental susceptibility of atlantic cod, gadus morhua (l.), and atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), to different genotypes of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) is a well-characterized disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, which has also caused economic losses in marine turbot farms in the british isles. we have previously demonstrated that turbot, scophthalmus maximus, are susceptible to isolates of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) that are endemic in the marine environment, highlighting a potential risk to marine aquaculture. given the increasing interest in the intensive rearing of additional a ... | 2005 | 16336475 |
| a teleost in vitro reporter gene assay to screen for agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. | several contaminants detected in aquatic ecosystems are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars). peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors interact with the retinoid x receptor (rxr) to activate the transcription of genes that control a variety of physiological functions. we cloned and sequenced partial cdna fragments of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pparalpha and pparbeta from rainbow trout (rt) gill-w1 cells, a cell line derived from rainbow trout gills; predict ... | 2005 | 16193754 |
| characterisation of carbohydrate-binding sites in developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis. | glycans and lectins (carbohydrate-binding molecules) form a mutual recognition system, which enables parasitic organisms to attach themselves to the host cells and/or take part in the migration of their developmental stages into the target tissue. the aim of the present study was to identify and characterise the potential binding activity of glycoconjugates in different developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids. the binding patterns of 13 ... | 2005 | 16211413 |
| new subtype of salmonid alphavirus (sav), togaviridae, from atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in norway. | in europe, 2 closely related alphaviruses (togaviridae) are regarded as the causative agents of sleeping disease (sd) and salmon pancreas disease (spd): sd virus (sdv) has been isolated from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in france and the uk, while spd virus (spdv) has been isolated from salmon salmo salar in ireland and the uk. farmed salmonids in western norway also suffer from a disease called pancreas disease (pd), and this disease is also believed to be caused by an alphavirus. however, ... | 2005 | 16231636 |
| oxygen delivery to the fish eye: root effect as crucial factor for elevated retinal po2. | although the retina has one of the highest metabolic rates among tissues, certain teleost fishes lack any vascular supply to this organ which, in combination with the overall thickness of the organ, results in extremely long diffusion distances. as the only way to compensate for these obstacles, oxygen partial pressure (po2) in the eyes of such fish is elevated far above atmospheric values. although not supported by any direct evidence, the enhancement of po2 is considered to be related to the r ... | 2005 | 16244163 |
| use of sequence data from rainbow trout and atlantic salmon for snp detection in pacific salmon. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are a class of genetic markers that are well suited to a broad range of research and management applications. although advances in genotyping chemistries and analysis methods continue to increase the potential advantages of using snps to address molecular ecological questions, the scarcity of available dna sequence data for most species has limited marker development. as the number and diversity of species being targeted for large-scale sequencing has incre ... | 2005 | 16262869 |
| association of flavobacterium psychrophilum strains with intestinal explants of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important pathogen in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the portal of entry for f. psychrophilum is not well known. in this study, the role of the intestine as a colonization site for f. psychrophilum was determined. for this purpose, the ability of a high (dubois) and a low (99/10a) virulence strain of f. psychrophilum to adhere to intestinal explants of rainbow trout was evaluated. after incubation, samples of the gut were examined bacteriologically, histolo ... | 2005 | 16385810 |
| experimental bath infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum, inducing typical signs of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fry syndrome. | flavobacterium psychrophilum infection in salmonid fish, known as rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs) or bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), is widespread in fish farms and natural waters. despite many studies in which attempts at infection were made, an adequate method of infection has not yet been established. in this study, we evaluated a bath infection method in which we used bacteria at different stages of growth in the infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. rainbow trout with a mean ... | 2005 | 16385811 |
| subclinical listonella anguillarum infection does not impair recovery of swimming performance in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this study examines whether injections of the commonly used bacterial-challenge pathogen listonella anguillarum (formerly vibrio anguillarum) negatively impact the ability of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum to perform repeat swimming trials. fish were given intraperitoneal injections of either a sub-lethal (10(5) colony forming units; cfus) or a lethal (10(7) cfus) dose of l. anguillarum, held for 48 h, and then given 2 successive ramp critical swimming speed (ucrit) tests separated by ... | 2005 | 16385812 |
| differences in metabolic response to loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis. | routine and post-exercise metabolic rates were measured for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis infected with the microsporidium gill parasite loma salmonae under laboratory conditions. rainbow trout increased routine and post-exercise metabolic rate in response to infection compared with controls. brook trout, on the other hand, lowered routine metabolic rate without effecting post-exercise metabolic rate compared to controls. the result of these 2 d ... | 2005 | 16408839 |
| construction of a virulent, green fluorescent protein-tagged yersinia ruckeri and detection in trout tissues after intraperitoneal and immersion challenge. | a green fluorescent protein (gfp) expressing strain of yersinia ruckeri was created by the transposition of a tn10-gfp-kan cassette into the genome of y. ruckeri strain yrnc10. the derivative, yrnc10-gfp, was highly gfp fluorescent, retained the gfp-km marker in the absence of kanamycin selection, and exhibited in vitro growth kinetics similar to those of the wild type strain. yrnc10-gfp colonized and caused mortality in immersion and intraperitoneally challenged rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykis ... | 2005 | 16408843 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) brain cells biosynthesize novel docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvins and protectins-mediator lipidomic analysis. | docosahexaenoic acid (dha; c22:6 n-3) is an abundant fatty acid in fish phospholipids. in the present study, we employed liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry and dissociated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) brain cells to determine whether fish utilize endogenous dha to produce the recently uncovered novel lipid mediators termed the resolvins and protectins, generated by mammalian cells [serhan cn, hong s, gronert k, et al. resolvins: a family of bioactive p ... | 2005 | 16303609 |
| effect of alpha-tocopherol on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in this study, the effect of alpha-tocopherol on the antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined. for this purpose, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (cat), peroxidase (pod) and glutathione reductase (gssg-rx) were investigated. enzyme activities were measured at 0 (control), 1, 3 and 5 h after alpha-tocopherol injection. in addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (mda) as a lipid peroxidation marker were determined in the erythrocytes. the results ... | 2005 | 16363144 |
| two cathelicidin genes are present in both rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | further to the previous finding of the rainbow trout rtcath_1 gene, this paper describes three more cathelicidin genes found in salmonids: two in atlantic salmon, named ascath_1 and ascath_2, and one in rainbow trout, named rtcath_2. all the three new salmonid cathelicidin genes share the common characteristics of mammalian cathelicidin genes, such as consisting of four exons and possessing a highly conserved preproregion and four invariant cysteines clustered in the c-terminal region of the cat ... | 2006 | 16377685 |
| microcystin-lr induced cellular effects in mammalian and fish primary hepatocyte cultures and cell lines: a comparative study. | the impact of microcystin-lr, one of the most common cyanobacterial toxins, on liver and gut cells originating from mammals and fish was compared. upon exposure of human and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines up to 2.5 microm microcystin-lr, no alteration in cell viability was observed as assessed with three fluorescent indicators dyes, cfda-am, alamar blue and neutral red. the lack of sensitivity of the trout cell lines coincided with an absence of detectable mrna levels of organic ... | 2006 | 16314021 |
| first description of non-motile yersinia ruckeri serovar i strains causing disease in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), cultured in spain. | yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth (erm) disease, was isolated from epizootics that occurred in different spanish rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in which vaccination against erm had been performed. in all episodes, the most pronounced clinical signs exhibited by affected fish were severe haemorrhages in the mouth, eyes and around the vent. the isolates were identified as y. ruckeri serovar i by 16s rrna sequencing together with serological tests. they lac ... | 2006 | 16768714 |
| intraperitoneal administration of beta-1,3/1,6-glucan to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), protects against loma salmonae. | 2006 | 16768719 | |
| scrapie infectivity is quickly cleared in tissues of orally-infected farmed fish. | scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) belongs to the group of animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse). bse epidemic in the uk and elsewhere in europe has been linked to the use of bovine meat and bone meals (mbm) in the feeding of cattle. there is concern that pigs, poultry and fish bred for human consumption and fed with infected mbm would eventually develop bse or carry residual infectivity without disease. although there has been no evidence of infection in these spe ... | 2006 | 16776828 |
| evaluation of an exposure assay to measure uptake of sediment pah by fish. | the ecological risks of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) in aquatic sediments will vary with both toxicity and bioavailability to aquatic biota. while there are standardized protocols to test the acute toxicity of sediment-borne compounds to aquatic invertebrates, there are none for assessing bioavailability to fish. we found that sediment-borne pah caused an exposure-dependent induction of cytochrome p450 (cyp1a) enzymes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings exposed in semi- ... | 2006 | 16779608 |
| a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta): chromosome homeologies and comparative genome organization with other salmonid fish. | we report on the construction of a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta) and its comparison with those of other tetraploid-derivative fish in the family salmonidae, including atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and arctic char (salvelinus alpinus). overall, we identified 37 linkage groups (2n = 80) from the analysis of 288 microsatellite polymorphisms, 13 allozyme markers, and phenotypic sex in four backcross families. additionally, we used gene-centromere an ... | 2006 | 16452148 |
| induction time for resistance to microsporidial gill disease caused by loma salmonae following vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with a spore-based vaccine. | resistance to re-infection of rainbow trout to loma salmonae, a microsporidian gill parasite has been previously documented and this study examined how rapidly this resistance develops. naive rainbow trout were inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with an inactivated spore-based vaccine and were then given an oral challenge with a high dose of l. salmonae spores at various weeks after being vaccinated. non-vaccinated naive fish (exposed group) were challenged alongside of each group of vaccinated f ... | 2006 | 16464612 |
| development of methods for extraction and in vitro quantification of estrogenic and androgenic activity of wastewater samples. | chemicals released into the environment by anthropogenic activities have been linked to estrogenic or androgenic effects in exposed wildlife, and there is a need to develop and validate rapid and cost-effective methods to quantify the total estrogenic and androgenic activity of environmental water samples. in this study, estrogen receptors (er) were isolated from sheep (ovis aries) uteri and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) livers and androgen receptors (ar) were isolated from rainbow trout b ... | 2006 | 16473560 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the alpha subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) in rainbow trout. | the alpha subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein which functions in the cytolytic process mediated by the complement system through a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components. we have previously isolated and characterized the c8beta and c8gamma subunits of the eighth complement component in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here, we report the primary sequence, the tissue expression profile, the domain architecture and ... | 2006 | 16483657 |
| toxic effects produced by microcystins from a natural cyanobacterial bloom and a microcystis aeruginosa isolated strain on the fish cell lines rtg-2 and plhc-1. | toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a worldwide problem, causing serious water pollution and public health hazard to humans and livestock. the intact cells as well as the toxins released after cellular lysis can be responsible for toxic effects in both animals and humans and are actually associated with fish kills. two fish cell lines-plhc-1 derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma of the topminnow poeciliopsis lucida and rtg-2 fibroblast-like cells derived from the gonads of rainbow trout oncorhynch ... | 2006 | 16485170 |
| developmental and evolutionary origins of the vertebrate dentition: molecular controls for spatio-temporal organisation of tooth sites in osteichthyans. | the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a developmental model surpasses both zebrafish and mouse for a more widespread distribution of teeth in the oro-pharynx as the basis for general vertebrate odontogenesis, one in which replacement is an essential requirement. studies on the rainbow trout have led to the identification of the initial sequential appearance of teeth, through differential gene expression as a changing spatio-temporal pattern, to set in place the primary teeth of the first ge ... | 2006 | 16496402 |
| molecular and expression analysis of an interferon-gamma-inducible guanylate-binding protein from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are some of the most abundant proteins accumulating in mammalian cells in response to interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). gbps have been suggested to function in antiviral activity, macrophage activation, fibroblast proliferation and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and invasiveness. here we confirm that ifn-gamma-inducible gbp also exist in fish. a 2 kb gbp cdna was cloned from head kidney of rainbow trout treated with an ifn-inducing compound. the open r ... | 2006 | 16504293 |
| increased levels of mitochondrial gene transcripts in the thermally selected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strain during embryonic development. | to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in thermal resistance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, embryos from thermally selected strain in various developmental stages were treated at 22 degrees c for 30 min and subsequently developed at 12 degrees c using the donaldson strain as a reference. the embryos were evaluated for their hatching rate along with the ratio of embryos having an abnormal appearance and subjected to mrna arbitrarily primed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reac ... | 2006 | 16505978 |
| homology model of the rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rteralpha) and docking of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs). | a model for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor (rtera) was built by homology with the human estrogen receptor (hera). a high level of sequence conservation between the two receptors was found with 64% and 80% of identity and similarity, respectively. selected endocrine disrupting chemicals were docked into the ligand binding domain (lbd) of rtera and the corresponding free binding energies delta(deltag(bind)) values were calculated. a quantitative structure-activity relationsh ... | 2006 | 16513554 |
| interaction of water temperature and challenge model on xenoma development rates for loma salmonae (microspora) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | this study evaluated the regulatory effects of water temperature on the development of branchial xenomas caused by loma salmonae using a high-dose per os-challenge model compared with a low-dose cohabitation-challenge model. approximately 275 juvenile rainbow trout (rbt), oncorhynchus mykiss, were randomly distributed to six tanks with two tanks each maintained at 11, 15 and 19 degrees c. fish in one tank from each temperature setting were exposed per os to macerated l. salmonae-infected gill ma ... | 2006 | 16533299 |
| colonization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), eggs by flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome. | 2006 | 16866929 | |
| in vivo correlates of infectious salmon anemia virus pathogenesis in fish. | the phenotypic correlates of pathogenicity for infectious salmon anemia virus (isav) in salmonid fishes have not been thoroughly studied to date. in this study, a comparison was made of 13 different strains of isav, isolated from different geographical regions between 1997 and 2004, for their infectivity in three fish species [atlantic salmon (salmo salar), coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)]. when the different virus isolates were used at an approximate i ... | 2006 | 16894204 |
| genomic structure and expression of uncoupling protein 2 genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | uncoupling protein 2 (ucp2) belongs to the superfamily of mitochondrial anion carriers that dissociate the respiratory chain from atp synthesis. it has been determined that ucp2 plays a role in several physiological processes such as energy expenditure, body weight control and fatty acid metabolism in several vertebrate species. we report the first characterization of ucp2s in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 2006 | 16899121 |
| gene deployment for tooth replacement in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): a developmental model for evolution of the osteichthyan dentition. | repeated tooth initiation occurs often in nonmammalian vertebrates (polyphyodontism), recurrently linked with tooth shedding and in a definite order of succession. regulation of this process has not been genetically defined and it is unclear if the mechanisms for constant generation of replacement teeth (secondary dentition) are similar to those used to generate the primary dentition. we have therefore examined the expression pattern of a sub-set of genes, implicated in tooth initiation in mouse ... | 2006 | 16925680 |
| comparison of basal level metabolic enzyme activities of freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat. | biotransformation plays a key role in detoxification, bioactivation and bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in fish. biotransformation capabilities in fish, however, are not as thoroughly characterized as in mammals. in this study, basal level activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (erod), 7-methoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (mrod), 7-pentoxyresorufin o-dealkylase, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase, testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase, lauric acid 11-hydroxylase, and glutathione s-transferase in freshly isola ... | 2006 | 16935359 |
| rb-cs ratio as an indicator of fish diet in lakes of the patagonia, argentina. | the ratios of rb to cs contents were studied in five fish species from seven lakes located in the patagonia andean range, argentina in order to trace fish diet. the species studied were native velvet catfish (diplomistes viedmensis) and creole perch (percichthys trucha), and exotic brown trout (salmo trutta), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and brook trout (salvenilus fontinalis). rainbow trout specimens from two farms were also studied, as well as fish food items and native mussels (diplod ... | 2006 | 16943600 |
| treatment of microbiologically polluted aquaculture waters by a novel photochemical technique of potentially low environmental impact. | the applicability of a novel procedure for the disinfection of microbiologically polluted waters from fish-farming ponds, based on the combined action of visible light (including sunlight) and porphyrin-type photosensitising agents, has been investigated using (a) cell cultures of a gram-positive bacterium (meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus), a gram-negative bacterium (escherichia coli) and a fungal pathogen (saprolegnia spp.); (b) pilot aquaculture plants involving either spontaneously ... | 2006 | 16951752 |
| comparative in vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by recombinant zebrafish cyp1a and liver microsomes from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rainbow trout. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) is a sensitive non-mammalian model used for studying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-induced chemical carcinogenesis. the susceptibility of zebrafish to pah-induced carcinogenesis may be related to the ability of the zebrafish p450s to bioactivate these procarcinogens. as a part of our overall effort to identify the various p450 enzymes that are involved in the activation and detoxification of pahs in zebrafish, therefore, we have examined the ability of recombi ... | 2006 | 16963132 |
| effects of pulp and paper mill discharges on caged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): biomarker responses along a pollution gradient in the biobio river, chile. | caging experiments were conducted using hatchery-reared, immature, female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in three previously defined areas of the biobio river (south central chile) representing a pollution gradient from the pulp and paper mill discharges area: a pre-impact area (upstream area, reference location), an impact area (area directly influenced), and a postimpact area (downstream area, less influenced). no significant changes were observed in the physiological index as represented ... | 2006 | 16986781 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of listeria monocytogenes isolated in two finnish fish farms. | the aim of this study was to find sources of listeria monocytogenes contamination in fish products from a fish farm. the occurrence of l. monocytogenes also was compared in two freshwater fish farms with different types of fishponds. samples collected from chilled rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the slaughterhouse environment did not contain l. monocytogenes, but listeria innocua was found in two samples from the slaughterhouses. ten isolates of l. monocytogenes were discovered in sedime ... | 2006 | 16786871 |
| effects of copper on cyp1a activity and epithelial barrier properties in the rainbow trout gill. | the effects of copper on beta-naphthoflavone (betanf)-induced ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity were studied in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gill filaments (after in vivo exposure) and in gill cells cultured as both primary cultures and as polarised epithelia, i.e. with water in the apical compartment and culture medium in the basolateral compartment. in the in vivo study betanf and copper were added to the water, in primary cultures both chemicals were added to the culture med ... | 2006 | 16814405 |
| three-dimensional mitochondrial arrangement in ventricular myocytes: from chaos to order. | we have developed a novel method to quantitatively analyze mitochondrial positioning in three dimensions. using this method, we compared the relative positioning of mitochondria in adult rat and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular myocytes. energetic data suggest that trout, in contrast to the rat, have two subpopulations of mitochondria in their cardiomyocytes. therefore, we speculated whether trout cardiomyocytes exhibit two types of mitochondrial patterns. stacks of confocal image ... | 2006 | 16822946 |
| pathological effects of arcobacter cryaerophilus infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection into 40 healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout at 16 degrees c. the lethal dosage of 50% end point (ld50) for a. cryaerophilus was calculated 2.25 x 10(4) viable cells. experimental infection caused deaths with gross clinical abnormalities such as degenerated opercula and gills, liver damage, haemorrhagic kidney and serous fluid in swoll ... | 2006 | 16841757 |
| cytokine expression in leucocytes and gut cells of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, induced by probiotics. | understanding how the various host cells respond to probiotic bacteria in vitro may provide important insight into elaborate immune responses triggered by beneficial bacteria. the aim of this study was to investigate the detailed pattern of the mrna expression of cytokines (il-1beta, il-8, tnf-alpha and tgf-beta) in head kidney (hk) leucocytes and gut cells isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) after co-culturing with live probiotics. hk leucocytes and gut cells adjusted to 5 ... | 2006 | 17011045 |
| immune modulation by probiotic strains: quantification of phagocytosis of aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using a radiolabelling assay. | a method is described for the rapid and sensitive assay of phagocytosis that utilizes radioactively labelled bacteria. with this method, we observed that phagocytosis of heat-inactivated aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout fed with different viable probiotics (lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, lactobacillus sakei, and leuconostoc mesenteroides) was significantly higher (p<0.05) after 2 weeks of probiotic-feeding than the control group. however, only phagocytosi ... | 2006 | 17034857 |
| a complement receptor for opsonized immune complexes on erythrocytes from oncorhynchus mykiss but not ictalarus punctatus. | immune complexes activate the classical pathway of complement resulting in the covalent deposition of fragments of the third (c3b) and fourth (c4b) components of complement, thus opsonizing the complexes for uptake by cd35 found on human erythrocytes. the complexes are then transported to and cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system. it has been shown that rainbow trout can remove immune complexes from the circulation in a complement-dependent manner similar to that found i ... | 2006 | 16271392 |
| effect of hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) diets on the protein levels of liver tissue in rats. | free radicals may not only affect the denatured cell structure but also reduce protein levels. these mechanisms are critical and need to be clarified as a high priority. because of the limited information on this subject, in this respect, the effects on protein levels of liver tissue in rats fed hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. | 2006 | 16272812 |
| transcriptional analysis of lps-stimulated activation of trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte/macrophage cells in primary culture treated with cortisol. | primary immune responses to pathogen invasion are mediated by the innate immune system in which tissue macrophages play a key role. during infectious processes glucocorticoids generally may function to dampen inflammatory responses. in this study, the ability of cortisol to directly modulate the transcriptional response of rainbow trout macrophages to the cellular activator lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated. the results indicate that cortisol significantly inhibits the well-described lps ... | 2006 | 16239032 |
| a cdna for a putative type iii deiodinase in the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): influence of holding conditions and thyroid hormone treatment on its hepatic expression. | a putative rainbow trout type iii deiodinase (d3) cdna was amplified by pcr, using primers to evolutionarily conserved sequences. the race-derived complete cdna was then identified by sequence comparison to that in tilapia and other vertebrates. the cdna coded for a predicted 31,500 kda protein of 278 amino acids, with a hydrophobic trans-membrane segment and with 80% similarity to tilapia d3 and 39% similarity to rainbow trout type ii deiodinase (d2). it also showed a selenocysteine codon at po ... | 2006 | 16214142 |