Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the genetics and expression of an esterase locus in anopheles gambiae. | the main polymorphic system of esterase isoenzymes in adults of the g3 laboratory strain of anopheles gambiae consists of two to five major bands of activity per individual. the bands are designated 5s, 5f, 13, 14, and 15. in genetic crosses, the genes which coded for the bands assorted as three codominant alleles, est a, est b, and est c, at a single autosomal locus. homozygotes for the est c allele were significantly underrepresented among backcross progeny. the developmental pattern of estera ... | 1988 | 3214416 |
| ribosomal dna-probes differentiate five cryptic species in the anopheles gambiae complex. | this study describes the use of ribosomal dna probes to identify the species of individual mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex, a group of six morphologically identical mosquito species among which are two of the principal vectors of malaria in africa. the dna probes are sequences of dna derived from the ribosomal genes of an. gambiae. each probe reveals a different sized restriction enzyme fragment specific to each of the five species in the complex that were examined in this study: an. ... | 1988 | 3271987 |
| [larvivorous capacity of barbus pobeguini and possibility of using this in the fight against anopheles gambiae s.l]. | permanent breeding sites for anopheles gambiae s.l. were found to occur in the urban area of ouagadougou and to have some importance in the maintenance of vector populations. in these breeding places barbus pobeguini was found widespread and larvivorous as indicated by the presence of remnants of a. gambiae in its stomach contents. the use of b. pobeguini would avoid the introduction of non-local larvivorous fishes. a series of trials carried out in laboratory conditions with b. pobeguini of dif ... | 1988 | 3271991 |
| comparison of dna-probe and isoenzyme methods for differentiating anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | 1988 | 3280799 | |
| [an ecologic study of adult and larval culicidae in a rice field of kou valley, burkino faso]. | an entomological survey based on collections of human bait mosquitoes and of mosquito larvae was carried out through one year in a rice-field, the kou valley of southwest burkina faso. each year, in this irrigated rice field there are two crops of rice, one during the dry season and another during the wet one. between the two rice cycles irrigation is interrupted and the rice field becomes dry. the rice crop cycle moves through several stages, all of which have positive or negative effects on th ... | 1988 | 2907262 |
| comparison of the in vivo and in vitro activity of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni (hd-12) and two of its constituent proteins after cloning and expression in escherichia coli. | the insecticidal crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni hd-12 contains at least five polypeptides in the range 126-140 kda. immune blotting revealed that individual proteins in this complex share homology with a range of other b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. in vivo the native hd-12 crystal killed a lepidopteran larva (pieris brassicae) and a dipteran larva (anopheles gambiae), but not the related dipteran aedes aegypti. in vitro the solubilized activated crystal lys ... | 1988 | 2832170 |
| ultrastructure of the encapsulation of plasmodium cynomolgi (b strain) on the midgut of a refractory strain of anopheles gambiae. | using transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the encapsulation of the simian malaria parasite, plasmodium cynomolgi, in a refractory strain of the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. after the ookinete penetrates the mosquito midgut epithelium and lodges between the basal membrane and the basal lamina, an electron-dense, melanin-like substance begins to coalesce around the parasite. completely encapsulated parasites were found as early as 16 hr after the blood meal. granules of the melanin-l ... | 1988 | 3379524 |
| species of the anopheles gambiae complex and chromosomal polymorphism in a rice-growing area of the rusizi valley (republic of burundi). | chromosome studies on samples of the anopheles gambiae complex were carried out in a village of the rice-growing area of the rusizi valley (burundi). a large predominance of an. arabiensis was observed throughout the year. anopheles gambiae was also present but represented about 4% only of the indoor resting an. gambiae s.l. the finding of human blood-fed specimens in animal shelters suggests partial exophily. abdominal appearance observations indicated a gonotrophic dissociation during the dry ... | 1989 | 2487890 |
| ultrastructural localization of phenoloxidase in the midgut of refractory anopheles gambiae and association of the enzyme with encapsulated plasmodium cynomolgi. | a melanogenic enzyme, phenoloxidase, was localized ultrastructurally in the midgut epithelia of 2 strains of anopheles gambiae, a refractory strain that melanotically encapsulates plasmodium cynomolgi ookinetes on the midgut, and a susceptible strain that does not. midguts were incubated with either dopa or dopamine, and the resultant electron-dense product of phenoloxidase activity was localized on the basal lamina (bl) and cellular basal membrane labyrinth (bml) in uninfected mosquitoes of bot ... | 1989 | 2503600 |
| responses of anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to the use of untreated bednets in the gambia. | population dynamics of the anopheles gambiae complex of malaria vector mosquitoes were studied in four small hamlets in the gambia. bednets were used to reduce man/vector contact in two of the hamlets. high densities of an. gambiae, sensu lato, were present for only 3-8 weeks during the rainy season, depending on the position of the hamlet within the study area. the proportions of blood-fed mosquitoes caught indoors (83.0%) and existing from houses (11.6%) were lower in hamlets where bednets wer ... | 1989 | 2519670 |
| impact of permethrin-treated bednets on malaria transmission by the anopheles gambiae complex in the gambia. | malaria vector mosquitoes belonging to the anopheles gambiae complex were studied in four hamlets in the gambia. all inhabitants were given bednets treated either with a placebo (milk) in two hamlets or with the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin (500 mg/m2) in two other hamlets. malaria transmission occurred mainly during a few weeks of the rainy season, in september and october 1987. the indoor resting densities of mosquitoes in permethrin-treated hamlets were reduced, and we estimated over 90% ... | 1989 | 2519671 |
| permethrin-impregnated bednets: behavioural and killing effects on mosquitoes. | permethrin-treated pieces of netting and simulated bednets were evaluated against anopheles gambiae giles and aedes aegypti (l.) in the laboratory. when female mosquitoes were allowed to feed on a human arm through pieces of impregnated netting fastened at the end of tubes, doses above 2 g/m2 were required to stop blood-feeding of both an. gambiae and ae. aegypti. a much lower dose prevented ae. aegypti from feeding on mice through impregnated netting. when mosquitoes were released in a room and ... | 1989 | 2519686 |
| site-specific ribosomal dna insertion elements in anopheles gambiae and a. arabiensis: nucleotide sequence of gene-element boundaries. | the nucleotide sequence of the junctions between the 28s ribosomal gene and site-specific insertion elements from two sibling mosquito species, anopheles gambiae and a. arabiensis, is reported. in both species, elements insert at the same point within the 28s gene, but this site is 634 basepairs (bp) 3' of the r1 (type i) insertion site in drosophila melanogaster. the two mosquito elements each have poly a tails and a polyadenylation signal, but the extreme 3' and 5' ends show no other similarit ... | 1989 | 2554252 |
| seasonal population changes and malaria transmission potential of anopheles pharoensis and the minor anophelines in mwea irrigation scheme, kenya. | a study in 1984 and 1985 showed that anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. pharoensis were the major anophelines in mwea irrigation scheme, kenya, constituting 83.86% and 15.69% of the catch respectively. four minor species made up the remaining 0.45%. the irrigation phase of the rice cultivation cycle in august, which linked the flooding effects of the two rainy seasons, resulted in major population increases of an. pharoensis and enabled continuous breeding for up to 9 months per year. the average of ... | 1989 | 2566271 |
| microgeographic variation in rdna intergenic spacers of anopheles gambiae in western kenya. | the genetic population structure of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) in western kenya was investigated by hybridizing a rapidly evolving rdna intergenic spacer sequence to restriction endonuclease digests of genomic dna extracted from single mosquitoes from seven localities. significantly different distributions of restriction fragment arrays were obtained from field sites less than 10 km apart, which suggests restricted gene flow and a subdivided population structure. eight of twenty-one ... | 1989 | 2566589 |
| variation in binding of bacillus sphaericus toxin and wheat germ agglutinin to larval midgut cells of six species of mosquitoes. | bacillus sphaericus toxin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was readily ingested by culex pipiens, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and anopheles albimanus larvae. fluorescent toxin bound to the luminal cell surface in discrete regions of the posterior midgut and gastric caecum in c. pipiens. in anopheles spp., toxin bound in a variable pattern to these structures and central and anterior midgut as well. the toxin did not bind to midgut cell ... | 1989 | 2566636 |
| application of a biochemical key to study transmission of malaria and bancroftian filariasis in sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex in north-eastern tanzania. | a biochemical key was applied in order to study transmission of malaria and bancroftian filariasis in anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, an. arabiensis and an. merus in different localities in north-eastern tanzania. the technique was found to be a useful additional taxonomic tool for field entomologists. significant differences between species in the rate of infection with bancroftian filariasis were obtained between an. gambiae s.s. and an. funestus (p less than 0.005) and between an. funestus a ... | 1989 | 2575868 |
| isolation of leishmanial parasites from a wild caught anopheles gambiae mosquito in kenya. | a total of 232 mosquitoes were collected and dissected for leishmanial parasites in the baringo district, kenya. anopheles gambiae sensu lato comprised 90.9% of the sample. one female a. gambiae was found to be infected with leishmanial promastigotes. the parasites when injected into balb c mice caused skin lesions characterized by heavy amastigote infections. the average size of the parasite was: body length, 11.7 +/- 0.19 microns; width, 1.3 +/- 0.04 microns; flagellum length, 15.5 +/- 0.28 mi ... | 1989 | 2635165 |
| effect of human circumsporozoite antibodies in plasmodium-infected anopheles (diptera: culicidae). | human circumsporozoite (cs) antibodies to plasmodium falciparum were detected in blood meals from 45.0% of 1,547 field-collected anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and anopheles funestus giles from western kenya. possible effects on malaria infections within the anopheles host were investigated. circumsporozoite antibodies were detected in blood meals up to 36 h after feeding. antibodies crossing the midgut were detected experimentally in hemolymph from 4 to 36 h after feeding; human igg also wa ... | 1989 | 2685310 |
| structure of rdna in the mosquito anopheles gambiae and rdna sequence variation within and between species of the a. gambiae complex. | the structure of the rdna repeating unit of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) was determined by restriction endonuclease mapping and hybridization analyses on four independent clones obtained from a genomic library of a colony (g3) from the gambia (west africa). rdna gene coding sequences are conserved, but much intragenomic and intraspecific (geographic) variation occurs in the intergenic spacer. hybridization of subclones from spacer and coding sequences to genomic dna that was isolated f ... | 1989 | 2722557 |
| a general system of resistance to malaria infection in anopheles gambiae controlled by two main genetic loci. | genetic analysis of a system of plasmodium refractoriness in anopheles gambia suggests that the joint action of 2 unlinked genetic loci substantially controls expression of the susceptible and refractory phenotypes. one genetic component, here named pif-b (for plasmodium infectivity factor), is closely linked or identical to a polymorphic autosomal esterase locus which can be visualized by gel electrophoresis. this locus exerts the major controlling effect on susceptibility to plasmodium cynomol ... | 1989 | 2742036 |
| association of a plasmodium-refractory phenotype with an esterase locus in anopheles gambiae. | in a genetically selected strain of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, most species of plasmodium parasites are surrounded by melanized capsules and killed in the wall of the mosquito midgut. genetic studies demonstrate a significant association between the refractory response to plasmodium cynomolgi b strain and the est a allele at an autosomal esterase locus. increased susceptibility to parasites is associated with an alternate est c allele. lines selected to be homozygous for the est a and ... | 1989 | 2742037 |
| [the effect of 2 chloroquine-based drug strategies (prevention and therapy of febrile cases] on malaria transmission]. | a 3 years study was decided in 12 villages of the south-west burkina faso to compare the chemoprophylaxis and the chemotherapy of febrile cases as potential malaria control strategies. during the first year pretreatment data were collected. during the two following years a programme carried out (i) prophylaxis (10 mg chloroquine/kg body weight) was given weekly to all children under 14 years old in 5 villages, and (ii) therapy (10 mg chloroquine/kg body weight) was given in a single dose to all ... | 1989 | 2743528 |
| a parasitological, cytogenetic and biochemical study of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) from the people's republic of congo. | a sample of 41 live adult members of the anopheles gambiae complex were obtained from yaka yaka, near brazzaville, people's republic of congo. they were collected resting in human habitations. thirty-seven specimens were identified as a. gambiae s.s. using cytogenetic and electrophoretic criteria. of the identified sample, one specimen was heterozygous for a previously undescribed inversion on chromosome arm 3. one female and the progeny of a second were found to be polymorphic for a superoxide ... | 1989 | 2799583 |
| a retrotransposable element from the mosquito anopheles gambiae . | a family of middle repetitive elements from the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae is described. approximately 100 copies of the element, designated t1ag, are dispersed in the genome. full-length elements are 4.6 kilobase pairs in length, but truncation of the 5' end is common. nucleotide sequences of one full-length, two 5'-truncated, and two 5' ends of t1ag elements were determined and aligned to define a consensus sequence. sequence analysis revealed two long, overlapping open reading f ... | 1990 | 1689457 |
| variation in fluorescein-labelled lectin staining of salivary glands in the anopheles gambiae complex. | 1990 | 1722726 | |
| malaria in a peri-urban area of the gambia. | a clinical and entomological survey of malaria was carried out in bakau, a peri-urban coastal settlement in the gambia, from june 1988-may 1989. only 41 of a cohort of 560 children, aged from three months to nine-years-old, experienced a clinical episode of malaria during the observation period. the majority of cases were identified at clinics and not by regular community surveillance. in bakau old town episodes of malaria were more common on the periphery of the settlement, adjacent to typical ... | 1990 | 2076033 |
| the anopheles gambiae complex in the federal islamic republic of comoros (indian ocean): some cytogenetic and biometric data. | samples of adult females of the anopheles gambiae complex from thirteen localities of three islands of the comoro archipelago (anjouan, grande comore and moheli) were identified by analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes as an. gambiae s.s. the samples showed only the inversion polymorphism 2la, the mean frequency of the inverted arrangement being 38%. a significantly higher frequency of the inverted arrangement 2la was observed in the localities with a lower annual rainfall. similarities betwe ... | 1990 | 2132451 |
| amplification and analysis of human dna present in mosquito bloodmeals. | dna fingerprinting should permit the identification of individual human hosts of haematophagous arthropods, providing epidemiologically useful information, for example, the biting rates on different people and the impact of insecticide-impregnated bednets. investigations reported here demonstrate that it is possible to extract, amplify and fingerprint human dna from the bloodmeals of individual female anopheles gambiae mosquitoes kept at 24 degrees c for up to 10-15 h post-ingestion. | 1990 | 2133003 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction to identify mosquito species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | a nonradiometric method has been developed for distinguishing between the sibling species anopheles gambiae giles and an. arabiensis patton, two important afrotropical vectors of malaria. dna fragments of species diagnostic length are amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from a small amount of unknown dna and three different pcr primers. all three pcr primers are based on ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences. a universal plus-strand primer (a0) is derived from a conserved region at the 3' end ... | 1990 | 2133004 |
| evolution of the t1 retroposon family in the anopheles gambiae complex. | the t1 family of retrotransposable elements is interspersed and moderately repeated in five member species of the anopheles gambiae sibling-species complex and has diverged little since the radiation of the complex. t1 includes two closely related but independent subfamilies, defined by the presence or absence of linked sets of restriction sites, in all but one species, although the relative abundance of the subfamilies differs within each. sequence analysis of a 349-bp region from 21 clones iso ... | 1990 | 2163010 |
| malaria sporozoite detection by dissection and elisa to assess infectivity of afrotropical anopheles (diptera: culicidae). | malaria infection rates determined by dissection and plasmodium falciparum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared for 26,935 anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and 17,739 anopheles funestus giles collected during 20 mo in western kenya. elisa infection rates were about 43% higher than dissection sporozoite rates. in dissection-negative anopheles, circumsporozoite (cs) protein was detected by elisa in 5.2% of 10,017 salivary gland samples and in 12.2% of 237 thorax samples. the a ... | 1990 | 2185363 |
| permethrin-impregnated curtains and bed-nets prevent malaria in western kenya. | the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated (0.5 g/m2) bed-nets and curtains as malaria control measures was evaluated in uriri, kenya in 1988. one hundred five families were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 study groups (control, bed-net, or curtain). all participants were cured of parasitemia with pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. selective epidemiologic and entomologic parameters were measured weekly, while knowledge, attitude, and practices surveys were conducted at the beginning and end of the 15 week ... | 1990 | 2200287 |
| effect of plasmodium falciparum on the survival of naturally infected afrotropical anopheles (diptera: culicidae). | the effect of the malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum welch, on the daily survival rates and longevity of anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and anopheles funestus giles was determined for wild-caught, naturally infected females from western kenya. mosquitoes were collected inside houses and held in cages until death, after which they were assayed for p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). survival rates of field populations determined by par ... | 1990 | 2201768 |
| factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 3. uptake and damage to ingested microfilariae by anopheles gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. merus and an. funestus in east africa. | laboratory observations were made on the uptake of microfilariae (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheles gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. merus and an. funestus. over host mf densities ranging from 450/ml to 1735 mf/ml neither the percentage of mosquitoes ingesting mf nor the mean number of mf per mosquito was correlated to host mf density. all mosquito species damaged mf during ingestion but the proportion harmed was independent of host mf density. the mean proportion damaged was 0.67 in an. gamb ... | 1990 | 2202106 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection rates in anopheles gambiae, an. arabiensis, and an. funestus in western kenya. | mosquitoes collected monthly for 1 year from human habitations in the kisumu area of western kenya were identified by morphological characters as anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato (an. gambiae s.l.) or an. funestus. of the mosquitoes collected, 7,244 (67%) of the an. gambiae s.l. and 8,511 (87%) of the an. funestus were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) protein. elisa positivity rates were 8.2% for an. gambiae s.l ... | 1990 | 2202222 |
| the peruvian iii strain of plasmodium brasilianum in saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from a naturally infected saimiri monkey from peru and subsequently passaged to 21 splenectomized saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. nine of 12 attempts to transmit infection by sporozoite inoculation were successful with prepatent periods ranging from 23 to 41 days. gametocytes were infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles stephensi, anopheles dirus, anopheles maculatus, and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. the strain demonstrated a high level ... | 1990 | 2213410 |
| method for in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes from ovarian nurse cells of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | a procedure for in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes from the ovarian nurse cells of anopheles gambiae giles has been developed. this procedure involves a modification of established methods for drosophila larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes. treatment of chromosome squashes with xylene followed by slow rehydration provides required resolution of chromosome banding patterns, possibly because fatty contaminants are removed from ovarian nurse cell preparations. using this procedure ... | 1990 | 2231626 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection does not increase the precocious mortality rate of anopheles gambiae. | 1990 | 2260162 | |
| the susceptibility of five laboratory colonies of mosquitoes to the human nematode wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold). | laboratory colonies of anopheles gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. merus, an. quadriannulatus and aedes aegypti formosus were artificially fed on blood containing microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. the anopheline colonies all supported parasite development to the infective stage, with an. quadriannulatus being the most heavily infected. the parasite did not develop at all in the ae. aegypti formosus colony. | 1990 | 2260902 |
| anopheles gambiae complex egg-stage survival in dry soil from larval development sites in western kenya. | the potential for anopheles egg survival in dry soil from larval development sites was investigated in western kenya. a total of 230 dry soil samples collected in 1987, 1988 and 1989 yielded 126 first-instar anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae from 2 to 5 days after flooding with water. these larvae were from dried animal hoofprints along streams (57.9%), from dried edges of permanent and temporary pools (41.3%) and from dried stream beds (0.8%). larval density was 1.2 larvae/kg of soil from positive ... | 1990 | 2324714 |
| differentiation of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) by elisa using immunoaffinity-purified antibodies to vitellogenin. | yolk proteins (vitellogenin and vitellin) proved to be excellent marker molecules for separating anopheles gambiae giles and an. arabiensis patton, two morphologically indistinguishable members of the an. gambiae species complex. a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against an. gambiae yolk proteins was made species-specific by removing immunoglobulins that crossreacted with an. arabiensis by immunoaffinity chromatography. the resultant antibody was 400 times more sensitive to an. gambiae and w ... | 1990 | 2388232 |
| characterization of malaria transmission by anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in western kenya in preparation for malaria vaccine trials. | malaria transmission was studied for 33 mo in the villages of kisian and saradidi in western kenya in preparation for field trials of malaria vaccines. abundance estimates of anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and anopheles funestus giles, which constituted over 99% of 26,645 anophelines collected, were compared for all-night biting collections inside houses, outdoors, and in tents. the overall numbers of anopheles per man-night were 2.3 times greater in kisian than in saradidi. for the three ty ... | 1990 | 2388233 |
| variation in frequency in breeding of anopheles gambiae s.l. and its relationship with in-door adult mosquito density in various localities in accra, ghana. | the work reported in this paper was undertaken to determine whether in a large urban area like accra, emerging anopheles gambiae s.l. adults are likely to invade the nearest houses to obtain a blood meal. using data from previous studies, the frequency in breeding was compared with adult density graphically and by scatter diagrams. graphically, frequency in breeding was associated with adult density in eight districts while on the geometric scatter plot, these parameters were associated in ten d ... | 1990 | 2390955 |
| behaviour and fitness of gamma hch/dieldrin resistant and susceptible female anopheles gambiae and an.stephensi mosquitoes in the absence of insecticide. | the effects of gamma hch/dieldrin resistance genes on various fitness components of mosquito larvae and adult females in the absence of insecticide were investigated in backcrossed strains of anopheles gambiae giles and an.stephensi liston. among larvae, heterozygotes (rs) developed slightly but significantly faster than homozygotes for resistance (rr) or susceptibility (ss). the lifetime fecundity of rr females in population cages was only half to two-thirds that of ss and rs females despite si ... | 1991 | 1722728 |
| activity and mating competitiveness of gamma hch/dieldrin resistant and susceptible male and virgin female anopheles gambiae and an.stephensi mosquitoes, with assessment of an insecticide-rotation strategy. | the effects of gamma hch/dieldrin resistance genes on flight activity and mating competitiveness were investigated in males from backcrossed strains of anopheles gambiae giles and an.stephensi liston. activity of males and virgin females of both species, as recorded in an acoustic actograph, occurred mainly at dusk (the e peak). the activity pattern of an.gambiae males was not affected by resistance genes; in mating competition and predator avoidance experiments, however, rr males were less succ ... | 1991 | 1722729 |
| transmission and epidemiology of newly transmitted falciparum malaria in the central highland plateaux of madagascar. | the recent reappearance of plasmodium falciparum in the central highland plateaux of madagascar has led to an important increase in both morbidity and mortality in the population. to understand the phenomena that originated this outbreak, and to evaluate the clinical and biological reactions of the population, we conducted entomological surveys during the whole malaria transmission season of 1988. in parallel, 41 individuals presenting with a malaria attack in january were given a curative antim ... | 1991 | 1746977 |
| low-resolution genome map of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | we have microdissected divisions of the anopheles gambiae polytene chromosomes, digested the dnas with a restriction enzyme, and pcr-amplified the dna fragments to generate a set of pooled probes, each corresponding to approximately 2% of the mosquito genome. these divisional probes were shown to have high complexity. except for those derived from near the centromeres, they hybridize specifically with their chromosomal sites of origin. thus, they can be used to map cloned dnas by a dot blot proc ... | 1991 | 1763031 |
| quantitation of malaria sporozoites in the salivary glands of wild afrotropical anopheles. | the number of malaria sporozoites in the salivary glands was determined microscopically for 1137 wild, naturally infected anopheles from western kenya. infective anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato (n = 874) contained a geometric mean (gm) of 962 sporozoites and an.funestus giles (n = 263) contained 812. no significant differences were detected in geometric mean numbers of sporozoites between species, collection techniques or sites. of the infective an.gambiae, 1.7% (15/874) contained more than 4 ... | 1991 | 1768902 |
| quantitation of malaria sporozoites transmitted in vitro during salivation by wild afrotropical anopheles. | the malaria transmission potential of wild, infective anopheles from western kenya was evaluated by determining the number of sporozoites transmitted in vitro by salivation when their mouthparts were inserted into capillary tubes containing either sucrose or blood. with sucrose, 86.6% of 102 infective anopheles transmitted a geometric mean (gm) of 3.84 sporozoites (range 1-34). with blood, 23.1% of 104 infective anopheles, tested on the day of collection, transmitted a gm of 2.30 sporozoites (ra ... | 1991 | 1768903 |
| anatomical dissemination of circumsporozoite protein in wild afrotropical anopheles affects malaria sporozoite rate determination by elisa. | the head, thorax, wings, legs and abdomen of 320 wild-caught anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and 115 an.funestus giles were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for plasmodium falciparum welch to determine how anatomical dissemination of circumsporozoite (cs) protein could affect the estimation of malaria sporozoite rates by elisa. of fifty-three anopheles with cs protein detected in any body part, positive reactions were observed for 58.5% of heads, 67.0% of thoraces, 39.6% ... | 1991 | 1768904 |
| ddt resistance in anopheles gambiae declines with mosquito age. | adult anopheles gambiae giles mosquitoes from zanzibar were tested on a standard discriminating dose of ddt which reliably kills susceptible mosquitoes. adults from wild-caught larvae reared in the laboratory, and from the f1 progeny of wild-caught adults, showed less than 5% test mortality when newly-emerged, but mortality rose with age to over 90% when they were 12-14 days old. wild-caught mixed-age adults showed an intermediate mortality rate of 25%, close to the rate predicted from laborator ... | 1991 | 1768918 |
| synthetic dna probes for the identification of sibling species in the anopheles gambiae complex. | the cloned dna sequences pana1, panq1 and panm14, which may be used to distinguish between at least five of the six species in the anopheles gambiae giles complex of afrotropical malaria vector mosquitoes, have been sequenced. each clone was found to possess a series of repeated sequences of 41, 30 and 163 bases respectively. in panq1 and panm14 the repeats were in direct tandem array, whilst in pana1 the repetitive sequence was found to be interspersed by 15-17 variable bases. a comparison of a ... | 1991 | 1773124 |
| pyrethroid-treated bednet effects on mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex in the gambia. | the response of anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to men sleeping under insecticide-impregnated or untreated bednets in six verandah trap huts was studied during the dry season in the gambia. with this type of hut it was possible to collect live and dead indoor-resting mosquitoes and estimate the number of wild mosquitoes which entered, bloodfed on man, and exited each night. bednets were treated with emulsions targetted to leave deposits of 25 mg/m2 lambda-cyhalothrin, or 5, 50 or 500 mg/m2 ... | 1991 | 1773125 |
| genetic hybrids of plasmodium falciparum identified by amplification of genomic dna from single oocysts. | individual oocysts from plasmodium falciparum-infected anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes have been examined by the pcr technique, after their removal from the midgut. the dna obtained from these oocysts has been amplified using oligonucleotide primers specific for part of the merozoite surface antigen msa-1 gene. this technique distinguishes oocysts which are the products of self-fertilisation events from those which are the products of cross-fertilisation between different pa ... | 1991 | 1775167 |
| anopheles gambiae as a host for geographic isolates of plasmodium vivax. | the g-3 strain of anopheles gambiae was compared with 2 other strains of an. gambiae and an. freeborni, an. stephensi, and an. dirus for susceptibility to infection with 7 different geographic strains of plasmodium vivax. ratios of infection varied, indicating that certain strains of p. vivax were more infectious to the g-3 strain of an. gambiae than to other anopheline species/strains. based on the comparative number of oocysts per mosquito, the relationships between the 3 strains of an. gambia ... | 1991 | 1787402 |
| [antibody levels against circumsporozoitic protein of plasmodium falciparum and their use as epidemiological indicators of malaria transmission in fir of comoros]. | epidemiological survey on prevalence of plasmodium falciparum anti-circumsporozoite antibodies (ab-cs) was carried out in 21 villages of comoros fir, at the beginning of 1988 rainy season. evaluation of anopheline indoor resting densities was also carried out at the same time. frequencies of antibody-positive subjects vary considerably in the different villages, according to the anopheles gambiae and a. funestus densities per room, which are determined by ecological factors. ab-cs prevalence var ... | 1991 | 1789679 |
| [the impact of impregnated mosquito nets on prevalence and morbidity related to malaria in sub-saharan africa]. | insecticide treated bed nets (permethrin, deltamethrin and lambda cyalothrin) were used for malaria control in the gambia, burkina faso and tanzania where anopheles gambiae (and an.funestus in burkina faso) is the main vector. treated mosquito nets are efficient when used on a large scale and not on an individual level. such a large scale use, acting on longevity and infectivity of vectors, always induced a decrease of malaria transmission by more than 90%. treated bed nets had no significant ef ... | 1991 | 1793264 |
| a genetic study of plasmodium susceptibility in the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | we are studying the interaction between malarial parasites and their mosquito hosts by a process based on the genetic selection of lines of the mosquito vector that will not support normal parasite development. the model system we are using is the mosquito anopheles gambiae and a number of different human and non-human primate malarial parasites. our first effort in this general approach involved the selection of a strain of an. gambiae that was able to encapsulate the malarial parasite during o ... | 1991 | 1793273 |
| comparative determination of plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates in afrotropical anopheles from kenya by dissection and elisa. | the plasmodium falciparum rate was determined by microscopical examination of one salivary gland (three lobes) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the other salivary gland in each of 1580 anopheles mosquitoes collected from western kenya during both the wet and dry seasons. the sporozoite rate in the wet season was much higher than that in the dry season, and the sporozoite rate determined by elisa was generally lower than that determined by microscopy. the elisa gave a positive ... | 1991 | 1796878 |
| [evaluation of the sensitivity of anopheles gambiae to fenitrothion, malathion and ddt in senegal]. | routine tests of the susceptibility of the female of the a. gambiae complex have been carried out with fenitrothione, malathion and ddt in four senegalese regions. discriminative doses of these insecticides were used with variable exposure times on unfed females caught in houses. a gambiae s. 1 showed normal susceptibility to fenitrothion and malathion. with ddt, the results were variable and resistance was observed in dakar and kolda. | 1991 | 1842777 |
| [field trial of the efficacy of 3 pyrethroids in the control of malaria vectors]. | three pyrethroids, oms-3002, oms-3004 and oms-3021 were tested in the experimental station of soumousso (burkina faso), a who reference centre. total indoor house-spraying was carried out in bobo and mossi huts, using a hudson type sprayer at doses of 1 g/m2 for oms-3002, 0.1 g/m2 for oms-3004 and oms-3021. the density of anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus collected in huts treated with oms-3002 was reduced by 70%: a 94% exit rate was observed in the treated huts (compared to 33% in the co ... | 1991 | 1844500 |
| human malaria infectiousness measured by age-specific sporozoite rates in anopheles gambiae in tanzania. | in an area of holoendemic malaria in northern tanzania, anopheles gambiae s.l. females were age-graded by polovodova's method and dissected for sporozoites. age-specific sporozoite rates implied that mosquitoes acquired new infections at all ages. the extrinsic period lasted just over 3 gonotrophic cycles (9-11 days). very high sporozoite rates in the oldest females implied the absence or rarity of genetic refractoriness to infection. a method is described for estimating the proportion of bloodm ... | 1991 | 1852484 |
| a comparison of non-radioactive labeling and detection systems with synthetic oligonucleotide probes for the species identification of mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex. | different non-radioactive probe labeling and detection systems were used with panai, a species-specific oligonucleotide probe that distinguishes male anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis mosquitoes. comparisons have been made between the performance of each technique with respect to sensitivity and specificity against dna dot-blots and mosquito squashes. their relative costs, economy, and ease of use were analyzed in an attempt to develop an appropriate non-radioactive system for use in the fiel ... | 1991 | 1858965 |
| species composition of the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae) at two sites in western kenya. | at two sites in the kisumu area of western kenya, the species composition of the anopheles gambiae complex was determined by analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes. of 1,915 females, 26.1% were an. arabiensis patton and 73.9% were an. gambiae giles; one arabiensis x gambiae hybrid was identified. no major differences in the proportions of an. arabiensis and an. gambiae were observed between sites or between years. the ratio of an. arabiensis/an. gambiae was 6.7:1 (n = 231) in cow-baited traps, ... | 1991 | 1875359 |
| field trials with vectolex (bacillus sphaericus) and vectobac (bacillus thuringiensis (h-14)) against anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus breeding in zaire. | under field conditions in kinshasa, zaire, an aqueous suspension of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14), vectobac (12-as), lost most of its larvicidal activity at all concentrations after 48 h against culex quinquefasciatus breeding in polluted gutter water and anopheles gambiae breeding in clear water irrigation ponds. however, good control of cx. quinquefasciatus was obtained using a granular formulation of b. sphaericus, vectolex-g (abg-6185), at concentrations of 10-30 kg/ha. high concentrations o ... | 1991 | 1895075 |
| plasmodium species identification by elisa for sporozoites removed from dried dissection slides. | this study tested the feasibility of identifying salavary gland sporozoites to species by plasmodium falciparum elisa by drying them on slides or in vials. the glands were dissected from anopheles gambiae giles s.l. and an. funestus giles collected in western kenya. in 119 gland infections containing a geometric mean of 1,222 sporozoites, a mean of 72.5% of sporozoites were removed in 60 microliters saline from slides at the time of dissection. each of the 119 samples was divided into three 18 m ... | 1991 | 1941915 |
| ability of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to transmit malaria during the dry and wet seasons in an area of irrigated rice cultivation in the gambia. | the seasonality of malaria transmission was studied in a gambian village situated in an area where rice was cultivated. observations were made during two dry seasons, when pump-fed irrigation was used to grow rice, and in the intervening rainy season, when rice was cultivated using a combination of irrigated and rain-fed paddies. clinical episodes of malaria were mainly confined to the months during and soon after the rainy season. in the wet season the prevalence of parasitaemia was higher in f ... | 1991 | 1942209 |
| [impact of the use of larvivorous fish poecilia reticulata on the transmission of malaria in fir of comoros]. | field tests were conducted in the grande comore island, federal islamic republic of comoros, in order to evaluate the potential of the larvivorous fish poecilia reticulata for the control of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.s. due to the high permeability of soil, anopheles breeding sites in all island occurs only in the man-made water reservoirs. the study was carried out from november 1987 to november 1988 within a framework of a malaria and filariasis control programme, supported by who ... | 1991 | 1952700 |
| [the maintenance of malaria eradication in reunion island (1979-1990)]. | malaria, which first occurred in reunion in 1868, was eradicated from the island in 1979, as a result of eradication campaigns conducted since 1949. reunion is now in a state of "anophelism without malaria". however, relations with nearby countries with a high malaria potential (madagascar, comoros) are responsible for a regular increase in the number of annual cases of imported malaria. this increase, associated with the appearance of chloroquine-resistance in the indian ocean area, illustrates ... | 1991 | 1958106 |
| quantitation of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites transmitted in vitro by experimentally infected anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi. | the frequency and numbers of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites transmitted in vitro and corresponding sporozoite loads were determined for experimentally infected anopheles gambiae and an. stephensi. geometric mean (gm) sporozoite loads in three experiments ranged from 808 to 13, 905 for an. gambiae and from 6, 608 to 17, 702 for an. stephensi. a total of 44.1% of 68 infected an. gambiae and 49.2% of 63 infected an. stephensi transmitted sporozoites in vitro. the gm number of sporozoites transmi ... | 1991 | 2063960 |
| use of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) as a genetic marker in crosses of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae): independent assortment of a diphenol oxidase rflp and an esterase locus. | analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) is a powerful tool for analyzing linkage relationships in species where few genetic markers have been described and where conduct of crosses is difficult. it also permits integration of genetic and physical (cytogenetic) data when the probes have been mapped by in situ hybridization. to illustrate the utility of the method, and because some mutations of a diphenol oxidase gene might conceivably produce the malaria refractoriness phenoty ... | 1991 | 1674545 |
| selection of cyanobacteria isolated from mosquito breeding sites as a potential food source for mosquito larvae. | one way to increase the persistence of larvicidal toxins in mosquito breeding sites is to clone the corresponding genes in microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, which could serve as a source of food for the larvae. we isolated and cultured 10 strains of cyanobacteria from three mosquito breeding sites along the french mediterranean coast. most of the strains were tolerant to a relatively wide range of salt concentrations, and all of them were totally or partially resistant to at least four of t ... | 1991 | 1677241 |
| plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae epidemiology in a west african village. | transmission of plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae was studied in a village in burkina faso. consecutive captures of mosquitos were organized twice a month over a year and the species of the mosquitos identified. also, the prevalences and densities of plasmodium spp. were determined every 2 months in a sample of children who lived in the village. anopheles gambiae, a. funestus, and a. nili were the local vectors, but only the first two played a predominant role in both p. falciparum and p. ma ... | 1991 | 1677615 |
| trial of pyrethroid impregnated bednets in an area of tanzania holoendemic for malaria. part 2. effects on the malaria vector population. | the malaria vector population consisted mainly of anopheles gambiae s.s. with a small contribution from an. funestus and an. rivulorum. the mosquitoes coming to bite in bedrooms were monitored with light traps set beside untreated bednets. when impregnated bednets were provided for all the other beds in a village the anopheles populations declined but the culex quinquefasciatus populations were unaffected. the survival of an. gambiae (as measured by the mean number of ovarian dilatations) and th ... | 1991 | 1680284 |
| experimental hut trials of bednets impregnated with synthetic pyrethroid or organophosphate insecticide for mosquito control in the gambia. | 1. nylon bednets impregnated with different insecticides were evaluated in 1988 against wild adult mosquito populations, mostly mansonia africana (theobald) and anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato, entering experimental verandah-trap huts in the gambia. each bednet had six 10 x 10 cm holes made in the walls to simulate torn conditions and permit female mosquitoes to enter and feed on sleepers. 2. individual net treatments, determined by gas chromatography of net samples from before and after 12 w ... | 1991 | 1685337 |
| [longitudinal study on malaria transmission and biology of vectors in the island of sainte marie, on the east coast of madagascar, from 1988 to 1990]. | a 17-month longitudinal malaria survey was carried out in sainte marie island, on the east coast of madagascar, from november 1988 to march 1990. during 706 man-nights of captures, 46401 mosquitoes belonging to 32 species were caught. sporozoïte rates were calculated by elisa. the malaria vectors were anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, an. funestus and an. mascarensis. an. gambiae was the main vector. it was highly anthropophilic and partially exophilic. transmission by this species mainly occurre ... | 1991 | 1688287 |
| on the development cycle and ultrastructure of vavraia culicis weiser, 1947 (microsporida, pleistophoridae) with comments on the taxonomy of the genus vavraia weiser, 1977. | vavraia culicis was studied using light and electron microscopy. the hosts were larvae of anopheles gambiae collected in senegal. merogonial and sporogonial plasmodia had isolated nuclei. a thick amorphous coat was formed externally to the plasma membrane of the merogonial plasmodium, which developed into the envelope of the sporophorous vesicle. division of merogonial and sporogonial plasmodia occurred by plasmotomy. only one type of spores was produced. the polar filament was anisofilar. meios ... | 1991 | 23194705 |
| [comparative efficacy of the use of cdc light traps and humans to sampling anopheles populations. results obtained in the area of bignona (senegal)]. | the simultaneous use for the purpose of comparison of human bait catch and light trap collection for sampling anopheles populations specially the anopheles gambiae s.l. in the area of bignona, senegal shows that: light traps provide more information on the specific composition of anopheles fauna; the performance of light traps and that of human baits are comparable indoor during the period of high density of anopheles. outdoor, light traps catch fourth less females a. gambiae. but the two method ... | 1992 | 1327361 |
| distinct families of site-specific retrotransposons occupy identical positions in the rrna genes of anopheles gambiae. | two distinct site-specific retrotransposon families, named rt1 and rt2, from the sibling mosquito species anopheles gambiae and a. arabiensis, respectively, were previously identified. both were shown to occupy identical nucleotide positions in the 28s rrna gene and to be flanked by identical 17-bp target site duplications. full-length representatives of each have been isolated from a single species, a. gambiae, and the nucleotide sequences have been analyzed. beyond insertion specificity, rt1 a ... | 1992 | 1328871 |
| malaria transmission in a central area of futa djalon (guinea): results of a parasitological survey during the 1989 rainy season. | a malaria survey based on household surveys and dispensary visits without notice was carried out during the rainy season of 1989 in three selected areas of central futa djalon (republic of guinea). preliminary entomological evidence showed that anopheles gambiae was the main vector in the area with a cs positive rate of 7.6% and a human blood index of 78% in august 1989. indoor resting densities were highest in the rural village, lowest in labé and intermediate in the town of timbi madina (media ... | 1992 | 1339967 |
| various pyrethroids on bednets and curtains. | verandah trap huts in a tanzanian village were used to assess the effectiveness of impregnated bednets and curtains in preventing hut entry and feeding by, and in killing of, anopheles gambiae and an. funestus. permethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and pyrethrum were used for impregnation of damaged or undamaged bednets, sisal eaves curtains or bed curtains made of polypropylene fibre. the performance of the three synthetic pyrethroids did not differ statistically significantly, except tha ... | 1992 | 1343715 |
| comparison of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cryiva and cryivb cloned toxins reveals synergism in vivo. | when the gene for the mosquitocidal protein cryiva was expressed in two strains of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cured of their resident delta-endotoxin genes, the protein accumulated as large inclusions. the inclusions produced in the bt subsp. kurstaki recipient strain were twice as soluble at alkaline ph as the inclusions produced in bt subsp. israelensis. solubilized protoxins were activated by treatment with mosquito gut extracts or trypsin for varying lengths of time and tested for in vitro ... | 1992 | 1355748 |
| efficacy of bacillus sphaericus against the malaria vector anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes in swamps and rice fields in zaire. | the microbial control of anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes with a granular formulation of bacillus sphaericus (vectolex) was evaluated in rice fields and swamps, located around the suburban region of kingabwa-village in kinshasa, zaíre. ten treatment cycles with 15-day intervals were carried out with the same application rate, 10 kg/ha, during the dry season (may to september 1991). the treatments reduced larval populations of an. gambiae by 98% after 48 h, but repetitive applications were ... | 1992 | 1361940 |
| evaluation of the residual efficacy of permethrin-impregnated screens used against mosquitoes in marigat, baringo district, kenya. | insecticide-impregnated screens and bednets are gradually finding wider use in malaria control programmes. the efficacy of these devices is dependent on the method of application, the acceptability by the people and effectiveness of the insecticide used. the present studies were carried out to determine the duration of the effectiveness of a permethrin-impregnated wall cloth (mbu cloth) used in the marigat area of baringo district, kenya in order to ensure its effective use. cotton cloth impregn ... | 1992 | 1363445 |
| molecular biological approaches to the study of vectors in relation to malaria control. | to a large extent, control of malaria vectors relies on the elimination of breeding sites and the application of chemical agents. there are increasing problems associated with the use of synthetic insecticides for vector control, including the evolution of resistance, the high cost of developing and registering new insecticides and an awareness of pollution from insecticide residues. these factors have stimulated interest in the application of molecular biology to the study of mosquito vectors o ... | 1992 | 1364204 |
| detection of human antibodies against plasmodium falciparum antigens in blood meals of anopheline mosquitoes. | human igg antibodies against plasmodium falciparum asexual stages, gametocytes and sporozoites were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques in the blood meals of anopheles gambiae s.l. from a malaria-endemic area of western kenya. field-collected mosquitoes, which had been stored dry for over 2 years, were screened first for human igg by elisa. in 141 blood meal samples from human-fed mosquitoes, the prevalence of stage-specific antibodies was 87.9% for asexual-stage parasites ... | 1992 | 1402862 |
| anopheles nili as the main vector of human malaria in villages of southern cameroon. | in villages near sanaga river, in the forest zone of south cameroon, anopheles nili theobald is the main species of mosquito regularly found biting man inside houses. its densities are related to the flow level of the river. it is also the main malaria vector in terms of intensity and seasonal duration of transmission. the yearly malaria inoculation rate due to an. nili alone is 104 infective bites/man, varying between 3 infective bites/man in october and 20 in march. anopheles gambiae giles is ... | 1992 | 1421483 |
| carbohydrate-binding specificities of anti-erythrocyte lectins (haemagglutinins) in anopheles gambiae gut extracts and haemolymph. | lectins that agglutinate red blood cells (rbc) were demonstrated in anopheles gambiae mosquito haemolymph and gut extracts. no apparent differences in haemagglutinin titres were detected between male and female mosquitoes and overall agglutinin levels were not increased following a bloodmeal. titres were highest in the haemolymph and midgut extracts versus human ab, horse, chicken and goat rbcs and in hindgut against human ab, chicken and sheep; foregut extract gave relatively low titres. adsorp ... | 1992 | 1421501 |
| effect of plasmodium falciparum on blood feeding behavior of naturally infected anopheles mosquitoes in western kenya. | feeding behavior was compared between infected and uninfected field-collected groups of anopheles gambiae sensu lato and an. funestus from western kenya. a significantly greater percentage (81%) of plasmodium falciparum-infected an. gambiae s.l. females probed on experimental hosts (hamsters) than did uninfected females (38%). among those females that initiated probing, there was no effect of infection status on the ability to take a bloodmeal. plasmodium falciparum-infected an. gambiae s.l. pro ... | 1992 | 1443347 |
| [the anopheles fauna and the transmission of human malaria in kinshasa (zaire)]. | a longitudinal epidemiological study of malaria and its vectors was conducted in kinshasa. 264 night-bite collections on human bait (1,056 man nights) and 384 collections of the house-resting fauna were carried out from april 1989 to october 1990. the anophelian fauna was identified and inventoried, 7 anopheles species were found: anopheles gambiae, an. funestus, an. paludis, an. hancocki, an. counstani, an. brunnipes, and an. nili. a single species, an. gambiae s. l. is responsible for the tran ... | 1992 | 1446181 |
| on the developmental velocity of wucheria bancrofti larvae in vector mosquitoes of different susceptibility to filarial infections. | the developmental velocity of wucheria bancrofti larvae was investigated in mosquito strains with different susceptibility to this filarial species. high susceptibility of the vector strains favoured fast filarial development, e.g. between 17.1 and 25.9% of all discovered larvae on day 13 p.i. had already migrated to the head and mouth parts of the more and partly even highly susceptible anopheles gambiae, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti, respectively, whereas between 0 and 3.4% ... | 1992 | 1456467 |
| sporozoite transmission by anopheles freeborni and anopheles gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. | a micro-membrane feeding technique was used to evaluate sporozoite transmission for anopheles freeborni and an. gambiae experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. from cohorts of infected mosquitoes with equivalent sporozoite loads, 75.9% of 29 an. freeborni transmitted a geometric mean (gm) of 4.9 sporozoites and 80% of 30 an. gambiae transmitted a gm of 11.3 sporozoites. ingested sporozoites, in the blood meal immediately after feeding, were detected in 86.2% of 29 an. freeborni (gm = ... | 1992 | 1474388 |
| factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 4. facilitation, limitation, proportionality and their epidemiological significance. | quantitative understanding of the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filarial parasites is essential for the rational planning of control strategies. one of the most important determinants of transmission dynamics is the relationship between parasite yield, the success rate of ingested microfilariae (mf) becoming infective larvae in a mosquito vector, and mf density in the source of the human blood meal. three types of relationship have been recognized in human filaria/mosquito couples--limitati ... | 1992 | 1475823 |
| malaria transmission and vector biology on sainte marie island, madagascar. | a 17-mo longitudinal malaria survey (november 1988-march 1990) was carried out on sainte marie island, an area on the east coast of madagascar which is frequently visited by tourists. during 706 man-nights of capture, 46,401 mosquitoes belonging to 32 species were caught. sporozoite rates were determined by elisa and incriminated anopheles gambiae giles s.s., an. funestus giles, and an. mascarensis de meillon as vectors of malaria. an. gambiae, the main vector, was highly anthropophilic but larg ... | 1992 | 1495029 |
| effects of heat shock on the survival of transgenic anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) under antibiotic selection. | a gene for neomycin resistance linked to a drosophila hsp 70 heat shock promoter was introduced into the germ line of anopheles gambiae giles. effects of heat shock at 37 and 41 degrees c on the subsequent survival of the transgenic mosquito subjected to selection by the antibiotic g418 were studied. heat shock did not enhance the survival of untransformed mosquitoes but greatly increased the survival of the transgenic mosquitoes. survival after heat shock at 41 degrees c was greater than after ... | 1992 | 1495063 |
| ingestion of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites during transmission by anopheline mosquitoes. | we investigated the process of sporozoite transmission during blood feeding for anopheles gambiae and an. stephensi experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. when infective mosquitoes were fed 22-25 days postinfection on an anesthetized rat, sporozoites were detected in the midgut of 96.5% of 57 an. gambiae (geometric mean [gm] = 32.5, range 3-374) and in 96.2% of 26 an. stephensi (gm = 19.5, range 1-345). there were no significant differences between species either in salivary gland s ... | 1992 | 1503188 |
| plasmodium falciparum: release of circumsporozoite protein by sporozoites in the mosquito vector. | the release of circumsporozoite (cs) protein by plasmodium falciparum sporozoites was investigated to identify factors regulating this process within infected anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. the potential for sporozoites to release cs protein in vitro was not dependent upon their site-specific developmental stage (i.e., mature oocysts, hemolymph, salivary glands), their duration in the vector, or their exposure to mosquito-derived components such as salivary glands or hemolymph. the capacity of sp ... | 1992 | 1516673 |
| intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism in the anopheles gambiae complex as a factor affecting malaria transmission in the kisumu area of kenya. | the paracentric inversion polymorphisms of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis populations in the kisumu area of western kenya were studied in relation to parameters of plasmodium falciparum transmission. anopheles gambiae (n = 1,387) was polymorphic for inversions b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on arm 2l, with frequencies of the inverted arrangements of 17% and 43%, respectively. anopheles arabiensis (n = 484) was polymorphic for inversion b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on 3r, with frequencies o ... | 1992 | 1539757 |
| reassociation kinetics of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) dna. | the renaturation kinetics of nuclear dna from the g3 colony of anopheles gambiae giles was studied to estimate the genome size and to determine the proportion of repeated sequences. an. gambiae has a haploid dna content of 0.27 picograms or 2.6 x 10(8) basepairs. analysis of reassociation kinetics indicated that the genome is composed of 61% single-copy and 33% repetitive sequences, with 6% foldback sequences. | 1992 | 1552521 |