Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| vacation diarrhea. how should it be managed? | traveler's diarrhea in north america is most often a self-limited disease that requires little medical intervention unless the course is prolonged or especially severe. diagnosis is almost always made by a stool examination or culture. the most common causative organisms are campylobacter jejuni and giardia lamblia. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli is a less frequent cause. patients should be advised regarding the need for fluid replacement. antibiotic therapy should be considered only in rare c ... | 1990 | 2195482 |
| sorting of cyst wall proteins to a regulated secretory pathway during differentiation of the primitive eukaryote, giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia, which belongs to the earliest identified lineage to diverge from the eukaryotic line of descent, is one of many protists reported to lack a golgi apparatus. our recent finding of a developmentally regulated secretory pathway in g. lamblia makes it an ideal organism with which to test the hypothesis that the golgi may be more readily demonstrated in actively secreting cells. these ultrastructural studies now show that a regulated pathway of transport and secretion of cyst wall an ... | 1990 | 2076701 |
| circannual incidence of giardia lamblia in mexico. | giardia lamblia, once considered a harmless commensal organism, has become one of the most common pathogenic intestinal parasites. evidence for various methods of transmission has accumulated and serious physiological and nutritional disturbances as a result of infestation with this parasite have been clinically documented. giardia lamblia has now been identified as a causative agent of waterborne, foodborne and sexually transmitted infectious diarrhea. preventive interventions by health educati ... | 1990 | 2085874 |
| [articular manifestations of giardia lamblia infections]. | reactive arthritis due to giardia lamblia are rare. they are usually associated with abdominal pain and diarrhoea. epidemiological data may help for the diagnosis which may be done by parasitologic studies of stools or microscopic examination of jejunal biopsy. recovery is easily obtained with metronidazole. | 1990 | 2085916 |
| structural and histoenzymatic aspects of metronidazol on rat gonads. | metronidazol, an efficient drug for trichomonas vaginalis, lamblia intestinalis and some anaerobic germs, administered in a daily dose of 500 mg/kg body weight for 60 and 40 days in males and females, respectively, produces severe structural alterations (atrophy and cytolysis, more apparent in the testicle) and elicits, a functional impairment as well (modifications in the activity of some enzymes: alkaline and acide-phosphatase, mg(2+)-atpase, cyox, sdh, ldh). these morphological and histoenzym ... | 1990 | 2151289 |
| identification of developmentally regulated giardia lamblia cyst antigens using gcsa-1, a cyst-specific monoclonal antibody. | gcsa-1, a monoclonal antibody raised against cysts generated in vitro was shown to be giardia cyst-specific by immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence. gcsa-1 recognized four polypeptides ranging from 29-45 kd present in the cyst wall. these antigens appeared within eight hours of exposure of trophozoites to encystation medium and were shown to be synthesized by encysting parasites by means of metabolic labelling with [35s]-cysteine. trophozoites were not stained by the antibody. gcsa-1 also ... | 1990 | 2089223 |
| [prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and other intestinal parasites in a neighborhood of the mara municipality, zulia state, venezuela]. | a parasitologic survey of a low socioeconomic level community from mara county, zulia state, venezuela was done. a single stool specimen per person from 327 individuals was obtained and examined by hematoxylin stained fecal smears and formol-ether concentrates. the overall parasitic infection rate was 92%. multiple infections were present in 89% of the population. the amebic prevalence rate (apr) was 41.5%. entamoeba histolytica was found in 9.2% of the individuals, most of them being asymptomat ... | 1990 | 2090263 |
| travelers' diarrhea among u.s. navy and marine corps personnel during a western pacific deployment. | the incidence and etiology of travelers' diarrhea was studied in a crew of 1,914 sailors and marines aboard a u.s. navy ship during a western pacific deployment. questionnaires completed by 301 troops indicated that 52% had at least one episode of diarrhea during the deployment; however, only 5% of the ship's company sought treatment. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli was the most commonly identified pathogen (23%), followed by giardia lamblia (6%), salmonella (3%), rotavirus (2%), and shigella, ... | 1990 | 2107464 |
| parasitological evaluation of a foodhandler population cohort in panama: risk factors for intestinal parasitism. | a nonconcurrent, prospective intestinal parasitic disease study in a group of 200 foodhandlers employed in the panama canal area was conducted in mid-1985 as part of an established occupational health medical surveillance program. the study included a review of laboratory testing (i.e., coprological exam), preexisting medical record data, and patient interview information to calculate estimates of incidence and risk factors associated with acquisition of giardia lamblia and other protozoan/helmi ... | 1990 | 2122299 |
| use of human colostrum in the management of chronic infantile diarrhoea due to enteropathogenic e. coli infection with associated intestinal parasite infestations and undernutrition. | this study reports the management of infants with chronic diarrhoea by colostrum feeding. eight children with chronic diarrhoea, ranging from 9 months to 3 years of age and all from low socio-economic families, formed the basis of this study. they were undernourished and marasmic. stool examination showed enteropathogenic e. coli in all eight cases, ascaris lambricoidis in four, and giardia lamblia in one. patients with chronic diarrhoea, in whom no cause was found were excluded from this study. ... | 1990 | 2126564 |
| causative agents of acute diarrhoea in the first 3 years of life: hospital-based study. | during the 2 years of the study, 402 patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls were investigated for the presence of diarrhoeal pathogens. pathogenic organisms were recovered from 277 (68.9%) patients and 97 (24.1%) controls. in the patient group, possible bacterial pathogens were found in 210 (52.2%) cases. enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) was the most frequently found potential pathogen, being recovered in 132 cases (32.8%) with serotypes 026, 086, 0111 and 0124 bei ... | 1990 | 2103408 |
| effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid, on the growth of anaerobic protozoa in axenic culture. | extracts obtained by organic solvents from the root of coptis teeta in myanmar (burma), were tested for growth inhibitory activity against giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis and entamoeba histolytica in axenic culture. all extracts had anti-protozoal activity with the methanol extract, in particular, being effective against all 3 parasites. by chromatographic analysis, the extracts were shown to contain berberine compounds and other alkaloids. comparing the inhibitory effects of the methanol ... | 1990 | 2131648 |
| occurrence of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase in giardia lamblia trophozoites. | 1990 | 2161495 | |
| sensitivity in vitro of giardia intestinalis to dyadic combinations of azithromycin, doxycycline, mefloquine, tinidazole and furazolidone. | the new macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin, produced significant growth inhibition of giardia intestinalis at 100 micrograms/ml, but adherence inhibition was significant at concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml for the two strains used in these experiments. the dyadic combinations of azithromycin-furazolidone, doxycycline-mefloquine, doxycycline-tinidazole and mefloquine-tinidazole were synergistic for inhibition of adherence. these results suggest that these dyadic combinations may be worthy ... | 1990 | 2167523 |
| [successful axenic cultivation of a local human strain of giardia lamblia in suckling gerbil]. | g. lamblia cysts isolated from the fresh feces of a giardia-infected boy in beijing rural area were inoculated into suckling gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). trophozoites of g. lamblia obtained from the intestines of infected gerbils were cultivated in modified tyi-s-33 medium enriched with dehydrated bovine bile. the parasites grew luxuriantly and formed an intensive monolayer on the surface of the culture tube on day 14 after initial cultivation. the culture has been maintained for more than 1 ... | 1990 | 2095999 |
| [humoral response of the immunologic secretory system of the small intestine in children infected with giardia intestinalis]. | local humoral response of the intestinal mucosa was determined with secretory iga levels and secretory component activity in enterocytes and duodenal content of 15 children infected with g. intestinalis. the obtained results were compared to those in 5 children with coeliac disease and 12 children with diarrhoea without lambliasis. secretory iga was increased in about 50% of children with lambliasis (in the remaining groups in 25% of children) to the values higher than that in the comparative gr ... | 1990 | 2216959 |
| adherence and multiplication of giardia intestinalis on human enterocyte-like differentiated cells in vitro. | this report describes a technique for studying the adherence and growth of giardia intestinalis trophozoites (strains paris/86/lcf/1, paris/86/lcf/2 and paris/88/lcf/8) using the human colon carcinoma cell line caco2. giardia trophozoites were cultured with caco2 cells in a modified hsp3 culture medium. the biochemical differentiation of caco2 cells was established by an increase in sucrase isomaltase activities to values of 4.51 +/- 0.90 and 10.39 +/- 3.00 milliunits/mg protein for 8- and 12-da ... | 1990 | 2217120 |
| giardia lamblia attachment to biological and inert substrates. | analysis of the attachment basis of giardia lamblia 1/portland strain trophozoites to confluent mdck (madin darby canine kidney) cell monolayers and type i collagen films, demonstrated, by the use of light and electron microscopy, that the ventral disk as well as the ventrolateral border are the structures involved in the substrate adhesion. furthermore, we noticed that trophozoite attachment is more effective to collagen than to the apical surface of the epithelium. we described, for the first ... | 1990 | 2102989 |
| prevalence of giardia lamblia and risk factors for infection among children attending day-care facilities in denver. | a sample of children in the toddler age group was surveyed in denver, co, to determine the prevalence of giardia lamblia and to identify risk factors for the intestinal disease. the sample consisted of 236 children attending day-care centers (dcc) and 79 who were not attending. thirty-eight children (16 percent) attending dccs and 7 (9 percent) who had not were positive for g. lamblia in stool samples. risk factors for those attending dcc facilities included increasing duration of attendance, ti ... | 1990 | 2106707 |
| from leningrad to the day-care center. the ubiquitous giardia lamblia. | giardiasis is recognized as a worldwide public health problem. seroprevalence data from both the developing and developed world show high rates of carriage in populations at risk for fecal-oral transmission, such as children in day-care centers. outbreak investigation has expanded our understanding of reservoirs for giardia lamblia and of the routes of transmission. various host factors have been associated with infection. the pathogenesis of giardial infections is being elucidated, in particula ... | 1990 | 2219872 |
| endemic cryptosporidium and giardia lamblia infections in a thai orphanage. | we conducted a point prevalence survey for enteric protozoa in 205 institutionalized orphans 1-61 months of age in bangkok, thailand. cryptosporidium was identified in 17 children (8%), giardia lamblia in 42 (20%), and 3 children (1%) had both parasites. at the time of diagnosis, diarrheal symptoms were present in a minority of subjects: 36% of children with cryptosporidium alone, 10% with g. lamblia alone, and in 20% of those with neither parasite. although chronic nutritional status (height/ag ... | 1990 | 2221219 |
| immunodiffusion, immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serodiagnosis of giardiasis. | circulating anti-giardia lamblia antibodies have been estimated in the sera of 48 patients of parasitologically proven g. lamblia infection using the immunodiffusion (i.d.) indirect fluorescent antibody (i.f.a.) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests. the results showed that elisa technique was the most simple, sensitive (95.8%) and specific (100%) test. these advantages make it more applicable in seroepidemiology of giardiasis. | 1990 | 2110223 |
| establishment of an axenic culture of giardia lamblia through preliminary passage in suckling gerbil. | cysts of giardia lamblia from fresh stool specimens of a 13-year-old boy, who lived in suburban beijing and had suffered from recurrent diarrheas for years, were concentrated, purified and suspended in physiological saline. six suckling gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were each inoculated with 0.2 ml of this suspension which contained 20,000 cysts/ml. on day 8 after inoculation, the infected animals were sacrificed and trophozoites of g. lamblia which appeared numerous in the upper small intesti ... | 1990 | 2119976 |
| giardia lamblia produces alanine anaerobically but not in the presence of oxygen. | proton nuclear magnetic resonance was used to follow glucose metabolism in giardia lamblia. under strictly anaerobic conditions this organism produces equimolar ethanol and alanine as well as co2 and some acetate. aerobically the production of both alanine and ethanol are inhibited and more acetate and co2 are formed. these changes in the balance of products are reversible over the range 0-46 microm o2. in the presence of 46 microm o2, alanine was not detectable. the o2-sensitivity of alanine pr ... | 1990 | 2122248 |
| n-acetyl-d-glucosamine is present in cysts and trophozoites of giardia lamblia and serves as receptor for wheatgerm agglutinin. | previously, on the basis of lectin binding and glycosidase digestion assays, we have suggested that n-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues (glcnac) are major structural components of both trophozoites and in vivo cysts of the intestinal parasite giardia lamblia. in this report we confirm that glcnac is present both in trophozoites and in vitro cysts as assessed by lectin binding and glycosidase digestion assays, galactosyltransferase labeling, immunochemical analysis using antibodies specific for glcna ... | 1990 | 2128647 |
| [a study of family carriers in 132 cases of giardia lamblia infestation]. | a study on 132 families where a lambliasis case was diagnosed is presented. an epidemiological investigation in each family was made; faeces were analyzed to find lamblia carriers. the total number of investigated persons--lambliasis cases excluded--was 405; 30 of them (7.4%) were positive. between people younger than fifteen the percentage of positive test was 14.7%, while over this age the rate of affectation was 4.2%. there is an statistic association with the assistance to child school. no c ... | 1990 | 2129713 |
| activity of the anthelmintic benzimidazoles against giardia lamblia in vitro. | in vitro growth of the protozoan parasite giardia lamblia was highly sensitive to certain anthelmintic benzimidazoles. albendazole and mebendazole were 30- to 50-fold more active than metronidazole and 4- to 40-fold more active than quinacrine. thiabendazole, a noncarbamate benzimidazole, was less active. since lack of intestinal absorption makes mebendazole an attractive new antigiardial agent, its in vitro activity was further characterized. at low concentrations (0.05 micrograms/ml) mebendazo ... | 1990 | 2230276 |
| albendazole: a more effective antigiardial agent in vitro than metronidazole or tinidazole. | the effects of albendazole were assessed against giardia duodenalis in vitro and compared with those of tinidazole and metronidazole. trophozoite morphology, adherence and viability were markedly affected by albendazole, to a far greater extent than by either metronidazole or tinidazole. the results of this study, and in particular the superior potency of albendazole in vitro, are discussed with respect to its potential value as a new approach to the chemotherapy of giardiasis. | 1990 | 2136253 |
| [giardia intestinalis: study of infestation procedures of young mice before weaning]. | despite the prevalence of giardiasis little is known about the host-parasite specificity. with giardia intestinalis-suckling mouse model, the success of infestation was depending on the parasite form, cyst or trophozoite, and, for the same parasite form, on the studied strain. furthermore, the intestinal modification during the wean were unfavourable to giardia intestinalis colonization. | 1990 | 2148899 |
| [expression of hla-dr antigen in small intestinal mucosa of children infected with giardia intestinalis]. | hla-dr antigen expression was shown in the small intestinal mucosa sampled by aspiration biopsy in 12 children infected with giardia intestinalis. the studies were performed by using three immunohistochemical techniques, with the best results achieved by use of fluorescein- stained avidin biotin system. hla-dr antigen expression in giardiasis was slightly enhanced in the enterocytes of the absorption region; an increased number of hla-dr positive cells was also found in the lamina propria of the ... | 1990 | 2152517 |
| health status of children living in a squatter area of manila, philippines, with particular emphasis on intestinal parasitoses. | in 1988 a study was performed in a squatter area of manila, philippines. three substudies were carried out: (1) an analysis of the reported health situation and the available health services for the population of smokey mountain, (2) a vaccination coverage survey and (3) a cross-sectional stool sample survey. respiratory infections, diarrhea, measles and malnutrition were the most frequently reported causes of ill-health and death. not only governmental but also various non-governmental health s ... | 1990 | 2237597 |
| identification of a pathogenic isolate-specific 30,000-mr antigen of entamoeba histolytica by using a monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) produced against trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica strain hm-1:imss, reacted with all of 42 isolates and 4 clones showing pathogenic zymodeme (z) patterns, i.e., z-ii, z-ii alpha-, z-ii (glucose phosphate isomerase: gamma +), z-vii, z-vii (glucose phosphate isomerase: alpha lack, gamma +), z-xi, z-xiv, and z-xix, regardless of culture conditions, geographical origins, or host symptoms in an indirect fluorescence antibody test. in contrast, the mab failed to react ... | 1990 | 2180826 |
| the detection of giardia muris and giardia lamblia cysts by immunofluorescence in animal tissues and fecal samples subjected to cycles of freezing and thawing. | the effects of freezing and thawing on the detection of selected giardia spp. cysts were investigated using immunofluorescence, bright field microscopy, and low voltage scanning electron microscopy (sem). giardia muris cysts were obtained from either animal carcasses, fecal pellets, or isolated cyst preparations, whereas giardia lamblia cysts were isolated from fecal samples. these samples were stained using an immunofluorescence technique after 1-3 freezing (-16 c) and thawing (20 c) cycles. cy ... | 1990 | 2181108 |
| waterborne disease outbreaks, 1986-1988. | from 1986 to 1988, 24 states and puerto rico reported 50 outbreaks of illness due to water that people intended to drink, affecting 25,846 persons. the protozoal parasite giardia lamblia was the agent most commonly implicated in outbreaks, as it has been for the last 10 years; many of these outbreaks were associated with ingestion of chlorinated but unfiltered surface water. shigella sonnei was the most commonly implicated bacterial pathogen; in outbreaks caused by this pathogen, water supplies ... | 1990 | 2156147 |
| [the significance of giardia lamblia for water hygiene]. | this paper gives a literature review about giardia lamblia, an unicellular infectious agent, which is responsible for parasitic intestine-diseases. morphologically, life-cycle, occurrence and caused symptoms of illnesses are described. the content of this publication is the question about the meaning of the importance of the pathogenic agent for water-borne epidemics. during the past 15-20 years the number of cases of water-transmitted giardiasis has increased enormously, especially in the usa, ... | 1990 | 2195785 |
| [immunological aspects of giardia intestinalis infection]. | 1990 | 2260315 | |
| non-specific reactions in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for serum antibody to entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia in non-endemic areas. | serum samples from 20 indian children with diarrhoea were compared with those from 20 children resident in the united kingdom who had been diagnosed as having ulcerative colitis, or crohn's disease, or indeterminate colitis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays specific for entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia. more than 50% of the united kingdom patients had high igg responses in elisas for e histolytica and g lamblia. a confirmatory elisa showed that the british sera reacted specifical ... | 1990 | 2262568 |
| a prospective study of persistent diarrhea among children in an urban brazilian slum. patterns of occurrence and etiologic agents. | persistent diarrhea is a major health problem among children in developing areas of the world. since few community-based studies have addressed the epidemiology or etiology of this condition, we undertook prospective diarrheal surveillance among a cohort of 175 children less than 5 years of age over a 28-month period in an urban slum in northeastern brazil. very high diarrhea illness burdens were found. the children in this cohort had an average of 11 episodes per year and spent 82 days per year ... | 1990 | 2192547 |
| antigen expression from the ribosomal dna repeat unit of giardia intestinalis. | the amitochondrial human intestinal parasite giardia intestinalis is regarded to be the most ancient living example of single-celled eukaryotes and should display primitive features of pre-metazoan gene regulation. characterization of e. coli clones which express giardia antigens from plasmid vectors has revealed that an antigen is encoded by the rdna repeat unit from the strand complementary to that encoding the rrnas. the open reading frame (orf) originates in the spacer region between the sma ... | 1990 | 2263466 |
| identification of giardia lamblia-specific antigens in infected human and gerbil feces by western immunoblotting. | western immunoblot analysis of aqueous extracts of feces obtained from five giardiasis patients and from experimentally infected gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) with rabbit antiserum to giardia lamblia cysts has revealed antigens of three molecular weight groups. a stepladderlike, evenly-spaced set of strongly reactive antigens (darkest at a molecular weight [m.w.] of 55,000 to 70,000) appeared in the gerbil feces from day 4 (first experiment) or day 2 (second experiment) and lasted to about day ... | 1990 | 2229361 |
| survey of enteropathogenic agents in children with and without diarrhoea in ghana. | a survey was carried out over 1 year in a rural area of ghana on the isolation, detection and/or identification of enteric pathogens from children under 5 years of age with and without diarrhoea. the isolation and detection rate of shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, giardia lamblia and rotavirus were higher in children with diarrhoea than in controls. yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus were not isolated during the period of this survey. the incidence of ot ... | 1990 | 2270006 |
| [nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine. clinico-pathologic characteristics in 11 cases]. | the clinical-pathological characteristics of 11 patients with intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (inlh) are described. five fulfilled the criteria for herman's syndrome and presented all or several of the following alterations: dysgammaglobulinemia, recurrent respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, pneumonia and giardiasis; of the remaining six cases, in five gammaglobulin levels were not quantified and in one they were normal. all the patients in this group suffered from recurrent pharyng ... | 1990 | 2270366 |
| the relation between intestinal troubles and parasitic infection in cairo. | stool and urine from 320 subjects in ain shams region, and 200 subjects in nasr city were collected and examined for parasites. all these subjects were suffering from abdominal troubles. the results revealed a marked relation between parasitic infection and abdominal troubles, especially in ain shams region (80%), and to a lesser extent in nasr city (51%). the commonest parasite in ain shams was giardia lamblia (20.3%), and in nasr city was e. histolytica (13%). | 1990 | 2230317 |
| detection of giardia lamblia copro-antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (ciep) were used to detect g. lamblia copro-antigens. rabbit antisera raised against giardia trophozoites and cysts were used as anti-giardia antibodies. the overall sensitivity of the elisa was 96.15% and its specificity was 93.48% in contrast to 69.23% and 82.61% for the ciep. | 1990 | 2230319 |
| immunological status of women with prolonged oral contraceptives and occurrence of giardiasis. | immunological status of 14 women taking oral contraceptive for prolonged period (more than 6 months, low dose pill) was studied. phytohaemagglutinin induced lymphocytes stimulation (pilt) was found to be significantly depressed in these subjects though t-lymphocyte subpopulation was found to be normal. serum iga and igg levels in these cases were found to be normal but igm level was increased. though incidence of g lamblia infection was reported to be high in immunocompromised subjects, it was f ... | 1990 | 2280071 |
| virulence of giardia lamblia isolates to laboratory mice. | laboratory breed albino mice free of g. muris infection were inoculated with g. lamblia cysts isolated from the stools of patients with different clinical manifestations, symptomatic diarrhoeic, symptomatic non-diarrhoeic and asymptomatic cyst carriers. the virulence of various isolates was assessed by cyst excretion rate in the stools, trophozoite counts in the duodenum and histopathological lesions of jejunal mucosa. a marked variation in the virulence of cysts obtained from the 3 groups of pa ... | 1990 | 2230320 |
| [the detection of giardia lamblia in water]. | conditionally, especially by using surface-water for drinking-water, g. lamblia must be regarded as a potential water-hygienic factor of risk. a review is given about the main methods for detecting the parasite in water. a successful one, worked out by borsod megyei köjál, miskolc (hungary), is presented. the base is membrane filtration. a continuing concentration of the cysts is obtained by centrifugation and zinc-sulphate flotation. the diagnosis is realized microscopically. it is possible to ... | 1990 | 2291499 |
| induction of a phosphomannosyl binding lectin activity in giardia. | giardia lamblia, a protozoan parasite that causes widespread diarrheal disease, expresses a surface membrane associated lectin, taglin, which is specifically activated by limited proteolysis with trypsin, a protease that is present in abundance at the site of infection. when activated, taglin agglutinates enterocytes which are the cells to which the parasite adheres in vivo, and in addition, binds to isolated brush border membranes of these cells. these findings suggest that this lectin may be i ... | 1990 | 2196051 |
| application of a capture enzyme immunoassay in an outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in the united kingdom. | a capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of giardia lamblia antigen was used to examine 136 fecal samples collected during an outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in a city in the uk. six cases of giardia lamblia infection were detected that had previously not been diagnosed by microscopy. the capture eia provides an efficient means of processing large numbers of samples for prompt and accurate assessment of an epidemic. it may also facilitate rapid tracing of epidemic sources. | 1990 | 2201542 |
| [giardia lamblia infection: laboratory and clinical aspects]. | 1990 | 2201620 | |
| [the value of the d-xylose loading test in the diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes]. | the test of d-xylose concentration in blood has been used for approximately two decades for the examination of the absorption. the authors compared in 261 cases the total d-xylose blood level with the histological picture of the small intestine. good correlation was observed between the 2 examinations. the d-xylose loading was found to select with favorable efficacy the new cases of celiac disease, of 63 fresh diagnosed subtotal and total villus atrophy cases the blood level of 61 was under the ... | 1990 | 2204861 |
| drug resistance in giardia intestinalis. | evidence for drug resistance in giardiasis is reviewed and biochemical studies undertaken to determine the basis for this resistance are discussed. metronidazole and furazolidone, which produce toxic radicals within the cell, have different biochemical mechanisms of action. resistance to metronidazole is negatively correlated with the intracellular concentration of pyruvateferredoxin oxidoreductase leading to a concomitant decrease in the uptake of free metronidazole into the cell, while resista ... | 1990 | 2210942 |
| [morphologic characterization with light and electron microscopy of "nonspecific elements" in biliary drainage]. | since some years ago in our country are reported "inspecific elements" in biliary drainage, name given to some round shaped structures of approximately 12 microns, which generally appear associated to trophozoites of giardia lamblia, disappearing after an antigiardia treatment. many gastroenterologists consider such elements as giardia, but they are still unknown in nature. our object was to study them at the optic and electronic microscope for their comparison with the biologic forms of g. lamb ... | 1990 | 2089512 |
| dientamoeba fragilis infection, a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in childhood. | clinical and laboratory findings of 123 paediatric patients with infections due to intestinal protozoa were analysed. dientamoeba fragilis (d.f.) was found in 102 cases. the other patients had infections with giardia lamblia or mixed infections with several other protozoa. acute and recurrent diarrhoea were the most common findings (56 cases), whereas abdominal pain was more common in children with chronic symptoms. peripheral eosinophilia was present in 32% of the children with dientamoebiasis. ... | 1990 | 2325352 |
| electrophoretic characterization of giardia isolated from humans, cattle, sheep, and a dog in switzerland. | nine isolates of giardia lamblia from humans, cattle, sheep, and 1 dog were compared by employing agarose gel isoenzyme electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of total soluble cell protein on polyacrylamide gels. the banding patterns of the 14 enzymes examined showed remarkable similarities among the swiss giardia isolates. this was true also of the total soluble trophozoite proteins. the electrophoretic mobilities of most enzymes and other proteins obtained for the swiss isolates were the sam ... | 1990 | 2213408 |
| [etiology of diarrheal diseases in immunocompetent and hiv-positive patients]. | in 1986 and 1987 the stool samples of 206 patients of the medical outpatient clinic basel were examined prospectively for bacteria, protozoa and worms. clinical data of the patients were recorded by questionnaire. the patient group comprised 63 immunocompetent patients as well as 23 hiv-infected patients, all with symptoms of acute enteritis. the control group consisted of 120 healthy persons. pathogenic organisms were found in the stools of 17.5% of the immunocompetent patients with enteritis. ... | 1990 | 2218447 |
| childhood pica. some aspects of the clinical profile in manchester, jamaica. | the clinical profile of 108 children aged 1 1/2 years to 10 years who practised pica was compared to that of 50 non-pica patients aged 2 years to 10 years. of the patients with pica, 85% were less than 5 years of age and 29% were aged 1 1/2 years to 2 years. the male to female ratio was 1:1.4. ninety-two patients ingested dirt, 35 marl, 33 stone, 17 coal and 10 ashes. twenty-two patients ingested multiple substances. family history for pica was positive in 44 patients. forty-six per cent of pica ... | 1990 | 2333694 |
| [saf--an alternative fixation solution for parasitological stool specimens]. | a comparative parasitological study in 3 collectives using 2 different fixatives for stool samples (saf and mif) was carried out. the saf fixative consistently showed a significantly higher sensitivity for parasitic protozoa than the mif fixative (entamoeba histolytica 90.0% vs. 64.4%, giardia lamblia 97.7% vs. 64.4%), which was due to an increased detection of cysts of both species. no difference in sensitivity for helminths was found. the cheap, simple formula and, due to the absence of mercur ... | 1990 | 2218469 |
| an ultrastructural analysis of changes in surface architecture of intestinal mucosa following giardia lamblia infection in mice. | the oral inoculation of giardia lamblia trophozoites (portland 1 strain) resulted in the establishment of infection by day 3-5 in nmri mice. by 9-11 days postinfection, the trophozoites load reached maximum (acute phase) and later declined by day 17-21. the tissue sections from infected animals during the establishment phase of infection indicated limited changes in surface epithelium with normal villous length. although trophozoites of g. lamblia were seen in all sections lying free in the lume ... | 1990 | 2227257 |
| excystation of in vitro-derived giardia lamblia cysts. | this is the first in-depth analysis of the excystation of giardia lamblia cysts prepared in vitro. its goals were both to achieve efficient excystation and to gain insights into this crucial but poorly understood process. to identify the critical elements of excystation, we tested the sequential low-ph induction and protease treatments which had been reported to be important for excystation of fecal cysts. the optimal ph for induction of excystation was 4.0. emergence was greatly (approximately ... | 1990 | 2228222 |
| longitudinal study of giardia lamblia infection in a day care center population. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect giardia lamblia in stool specimens collected during a 15-month longitudinal study of diarrhea in 82 children 1 to 24 months old attending a day care center (dcc) in houston. a total of 2727 stool specimens were collected on a weekly basis from the dcc children and were evaluated for rotavirus and giardia. for dcc children who developed diarrhea stool specimens were also cultured for bacterial enteropathogens. during the 15-month study perio ... | 1990 | 2336299 |
| [clinical courses and pathological findings in two gay male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome infected in japan]. | this is a report on the clinical courses and pathological findings in two gay male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) infected in japan. case 1. a 39 year-old japanese homosexual male was diagnosed as amebic dysentery complicated with liver abscess on admission. he was placed on metronidazole with complete relief. serological tests was positive for aids. on second admission, he was found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and cytomegalo-viral uveitis. administratio ... | 1990 | 2338506 |
| the arginine dihydrolase pathway is present in giardia intestinalis. | growth of giardia intestinalis in diamond's tyi-s-33 medium is characterized by a rapid depletion of the arginine in the medium, and concurrent production of ornithine and ammonia. [guanidino-14c] arginine was converted to 14co2 by extracts of g. intestinalis suggesting the presence of the arginine dihydrolase pathway. this was confirmed by the detection of arginine deiminase, catabolic ornithine transcarbamylase, carbamate kinase and ornithine decarboxylase in giardial extracts. the findings de ... | 1990 | 2228433 |
| does giardia intestinalis need glucose as an energy source? | giardia intestinalis was grown in diamond's tyi-s-33 medium containing either 50 mm-glucose or no added glucose to assess its dependence on glucose availability as an energy source. the parameters monitored included cell growth, glucose utilization and the accumulation of end products in the medium. in the medium containing no added glucose, g. intestinalis trophozoites achieved a cell density of about half that of the control, and produced the same end products, alanine, ethanol and acetate. de ... | 1990 | 2228434 |
| ecological studies on intestinal microbial flora of kenyan children with diarrhoea. | the intestinal microflora was analysed together with short-chain fatty acids (scfa) and bile acids in faeces from nine children with acute diarrhoeal disease in lari, kenya. enteric pathogens such as enteroinvasive e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, yersinia enterocolitica, rotavirus, giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica were isolated either singly or in combination from diarrhoeal faecal specimens. the most striking finding in these patients was a marked reduction of anaerobes. analysis of ... | 1990 | 2348500 |
| intestinal parasitoses in czechoslovak citizens working abroad. | this paper presents results of coprologic examinations of czechoslovak citizens in connection with their working sojourns in 50 tropical and subtropical countries in asia, africa and latin america. among 525 persons examined, pathologic findings in stool were registered in 74 persons (14.1%) during their stay abroad and after return home. the incidence of particular infections during the period under study was as follows: non-pathogenic protozoa were found in 8.2% of cases, entamoeba histolytica ... | 1990 | 2351820 |
| isolation and expression of the gene for a major surface protein of giardia lamblia. | to study the interactions between the parasitic protozoan giardia lamblia and its environment, we have cloned the gene that encodes the two major surface-labeled trophozoite protein species. sequence analysis of this gene reveals a single open reading frame specifying a hydrophilic, cysteine-rich (11.8%) protein of 72.5-kda molecular mass with an amino-terminal signal peptide and a postulated hydrophobic membrane-spanning anchor region near the carboxyl terminus. most of the cysteine residues (5 ... | 1990 | 2352929 |
| raised stool and serum iga levels in undernourished infants with chronic diarrhoea and associated parasitic infestations. | sixty children with chronic diarrhoea, age ranging from 9 months to 3 years and 15 normal healthy children of same age group, all belonging to the low socio-economic families formed the basis of this study. fifty-six out of these 60 children were undernourished and were marasmic. stool examination showed enteropathogenic e. coli in 24 (40 per cent), ascaria lumbricoides in 12 (20 per cent) and giardia lamblia in 6 (10 per cent). coeliac disease was detected in 2 (3 per cent) and combined iga-igg ... | 1990 | 2355407 |
| estimation of parasitic infection dynamics when detectability is imperfect. | the simultaneous estimation of infection rate, cure rate and detectability of parasitic infections is considered. a new method for this estimation based on a simple statistical model assuming constant transition rates between parasite states is proposed. repeated observations on the infection status of the same individuals is required for this method. a maximum likelihood approach is used for parameter estimation and the calculation of standard errors of the estimates. the method is illustrated ... | 1990 | 2247721 |
| gut-associated immune effector responses in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice with giardia lamblia. | significantly higher giardia lamblia trophozoites load in the intestine of infected mice accompanied pronounced influx of suppressor/cytotoxic t cells (lyt 2.2+), t cells (thy 1.2+) and significant reduction in iga-containing cells in the gut during the establishment and peak phases of infection. the induction of helper/inducer t cells (lyt 1.1+) and significant enhancement of iga-containing cells in gut resulted in the decline of the trophozoite loads. however, the prior treatment of animals wi ... | 1990 | 2257169 |
| dna fingerprinting of the intestinal parasite giardia duodenalis with the m13 phage genome. | a dna fingerprint procedure has been established for the intestinal parasite, giardia duodenalis. this permits the identification of individual strains from both human and animal sources. analysis of strain movement, resurgence and variation is now possible. the fingerprint probe is based on the tandem repetitive sequence found in bacteriophage m13 which hybridizes to a set of hypervariable polymorphic minisatellite sequences found in higher eukaryotes. this probe recognizes a weakly homologous ... | 1990 | 2358315 |
| [gastroenteritis with eosinophilia caused by giardia lamblia]. | a case of gastroenteritis due to giardia lamblia with severe dehydration and complicated with arterial thrombosis, accompanied by eosinophilia and increased serum ige levels, is presented. the relationship between giardia and eosinophilia and allergic manifestations is discussed as well as its pathogenesis. | 1990 | 2244060 |
| ribosomal rna of the primitive eukaryote giardia lamblia: large subunit domain i and potential processing signals. | the cytoplasmic ribosomal rna (rrna) from the intestinal protozoan, giardia lamblia, is unusually short; the large subunit (ls) and small subunit rna and the 5.8s rna are only 70-80% of the length found in typical protozoa, and are even smaller than most of their prokaryotic counterparts. flanking regulatory dna and processed rrna sequences are similarly compact in size. to shed light on the origins and implications of this 'minimal' rrna, the nucleotide sequence encoding the 5.8s rna and domain ... | 1990 | 2269440 |
| axenic culture and characterization of giardia ardeae from the great blue heron (ardea herodias). | trophozoites of giardia ardeae were obtained from the great blue heron (ardea herodias) and established in axenic culture using the tyi-s-33 medium. the generation time in culture for g. ardeae was 22-25 hr, which was 3-fold longer than for giardia duodenalis (wb strain). a morphological comparison of trophozoites in the original intestinal isolate to those grown in culture revealed that they were identical for the following characteristics: a pyriform-shaped body, a ventral adhesive disc with a ... | 1990 | 2213415 |
| intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis in southern indian infants and children. | the role of entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia as causative agents of paediatric diarrhoea was studied in a southern indian population. relationship between infant feeding practices, co-existing malnutrition and the occurrence of intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis was also examined. the subjects were 361 paediatric patients with acute diarrhoea and 70 hospitalized control children without diarrhoea. faecal samples from cases and controls were examined for the protozoal pathogens using f ... | 1990 | 2260173 |
| [intestinal parasite infections among inhabitants in two islands of tongyeong-gun, kyeongsangnam-do]. | this study was performed to evaluate the status of intestinal parasitic infections among the inhabitants in two islands (chu-do and doomi-do) of tongyeong-gun, kyeongsangnam-do (province), from august to september, 1989. a total of 189 stool specimens was collected from the inhabitants of 3 villages and examined by kato's cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. stoll's dilution egg counting technique was done for the quantitative examination of helminth eggs. the over ... | 1990 | 2271502 |
| status of intestinal parasite infections in inhabitants of palmar, guayas province, ecuador. | status of intestinal protozoan and helminthic infections was surveyed in mestizo population living in rural parish of palmar and its nearby recintos(villages). three of the surveyed villages were at the pacific coast and 5 villages were in inner pasture land, located about 100 km west of guayaquil, the second largest city in ecuador. one stool sample was examined by one cellophane thick smear for helminth ova and one direct smear stained with lugol's iodine solution for protozoan cysts. of 325 p ... | 1990 | 2271503 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal rna tandem repeat unit from giardia intestinalis. | 1990 | 2374731 | |
| [diarrhea cause by parasites]. | parasites, once an exclusively tropical problem, are rare causes of diarrhea in our countries. increasing tourism and immune deficiencies due to treatment or to aids lead to an increase of intestinal parasites in western countries. the most frequent pathogenic parasites are giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica but other organisms like cryptosporidia seem to be of increasing importance and have to be considered in diarrhea of unknown origin. | 1990 | 2374858 |
| [cryptosporidium as a co-pathogen in infantile diarrhea and pneumonia]. | the authors describe a case of cryptosporidiosis in a 10 month old immunocompetent infant, who suffered from prolonged diarrhoea and pneumonia. cryptosporidium oocysts, giardia lamblia were detected by using modified kinyoun stain, and klebsiella was identified in the stool culture. according to the clinical presentation and the laboratory data the streptococcus infection is presumed as cause of the pneumonia, but the authors could not exclude the role of cryptosporidium in predisposing and/or c ... | 1990 | 2377365 |
| health status of thai volunteers in a cholera vaccine trial. | one hundred and seventy-one male adults were screened in recruitment of volunteers for a cholera vaccine trial. a full medical history and a physical examination were performed on each subject. the percentages of subjects vaccinated against cholera and typhoid within twelve months were 4 and 1 per cent respectively, while 88 and 15 per cent respectively had been vaccinated more than a year. biochemical screening revealed abnormal liver function tests in 40.7 per cent, specifically alkaline phosp ... | 1990 | 2280201 |
| efficient diagnosis of giardiasis among nursery and primary school children in santiago, chile by capture elisa for the detection of fecal giardia antigens. | fecal samples were obtained from 722 of 820 children attending 7 nursery schools and 1 primary school in the city of santiago, chile. microscopy of formol-ether concentrates showed that 33% of the children were infected with giardia lamblia. prevalences among primary school students (5-10 years of age) of g. lamblia (38%), endolimax nana (43%), and entamoeba coli (25%) were overall higher than among nursery school students (3 months-5 years of age; prevalences 29%, 21%, and 16%, respectively). t ... | 1990 | 2372087 |
| a heat shock protein gene in giardia lamblia unrelated to hsp70. | 1990 | 2356135 | |
| intestinal parasites in refugee claimants: a case study for selective screening? | the medical profiles of 1,967 refugee claimants to montreal, quebec, canada from january 1987 to july 1987 were reviewed to evaluate the importance of imported intestinal parasite infection in this group and to re-examine the screening policy governing these infections. an overall infection rate of 29.3% was obtained for pathogenic parasites, where helminths were four times more frequently found than the protozoa entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia. age, sex, years of schooling, country of ... | 1990 | 2361204 |
| pediatric problems in a suburban shelter for homeless families. | the experience of an affiliation between a hospital-based clinic and a family shelter is presented. the medical implications of family shelter residence include special issues related to the spread of infectious diseases, particularly to the neonate. preentry medical evaluation revealed that a large proportion of children and their parents had one or more medical problems. of 67 children screened before entrance, 13% [corrected] had giardia lamblia detected in the stool. in addition to carriage ... | 1990 | 2296492 |
| giardiasis with protein-losing enteropathy: diagnosis by fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin determination. | giardia lamblia infection was documented by jejunal biopsy in a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with acute onset of hypoproteinemia due to protein-losing enteropathy. all symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings resolved with anti-giardia therapy. this is only the second case report of giardiasis with documented protein-losing enteropathy. further application of the fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin assay may help to clarify the relationship between giardia infection and protein-losing enteropathy an ... | 1990 | 2303979 |
| rna dependent rna polymerase activity associated with the double-stranded rna virus of giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia, a parasitic protozoan, can contain a double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus, glv (1). we have identified an rna polymerase activity present specifically in cultures of glv infected cells. this rna polymerase activity is present in crude whole cell lysates as well as in lysates from glv particles purified from the culture medium. the rna polymerase has many characteristics common to other rna polymerases (e.g. it requires divalent cations and all four ribonucleoside triphosphates), ye ... | 1990 | 2308844 |
| diarrhea in developed and developing countries: magnitude, special settings, and etiologies. | diarrheal diseases are major causes of morbidity, with attack rates ranging from two to 12 or more illnesses per person per year in developed and developing countries. in addition, diarrheal illnesses account for an estimated 12,600 deaths each day in children in asia, africa, and latin america. the causes of diarrhea include a wide array of viruses, bacteria, and parasites, many of which have been recognized only in the last decade or two. while enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotaviruses ... | 1990 | 2406855 |
| epidemiology of travelers' diarrhea and relative importance of various pathogens. | each year 12 million persons travel from an industrialized country to a developing country in the tropics or subtropics. these travelers experience a high rate of diarrhea caused by a wide variety of enteric pathogens acquired by ingestion of contaminated food or water. one or more pathogens can be found in the stool of a majority of ill individuals. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli generally are the most frequently identified pathogens, having been found in a median of 42% of travelers' diarrhe ... | 1990 | 2406860 |
| stimulation of the absorption of macromolecules in giardia lamblia infected mice intestine. | the absorption of 125i-labelled bovine serum albumin, gamma-globulin and alpha-lactalbumin was considerably enhanced in g. lamblia infected swiss mice intestine compared to uninfected controls. the binding of 125i-proteins to brush border membrane was however, significantly (p less than 0.01) low in infected animals. kinetic studies with gamma-globulin binding to brush borders revealed a decrease in the number of binding sites in infected animals (1.52) compared to controls (2.86 micrograms/mg p ... | 1990 | 1697848 |
| frequency of variant antigens in giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia undergoes antigenic variation. the rate of antigenic variation and the size of the variant antigen repertoire were estimated in clones of giardia lamblia which reexpresses surface variant antigens that are characteristics of its parent. calculations were based on determinations of the number of trophozoites expressing defined or nondefined epitopes as well as the total number of trophozoites in newly established clones. the rate of appearance of variant antigens containing define ... | 1990 | 1699782 |
| variant specific epitopes of giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia undergoes surface antigenic variation. the capability of different isolates to express certain epitopes on the surfaces of trophozoites from different isolates and clones was determined using 4 surface-reacting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to variants derived from wb or wb-like giardia (mabs 6e7, 5c1, and 3f6) and gs/m (mab g10/4). of 28 isolates, 11 possessed trophozoites reactive with mabs 6e7, 5c1 and 3f6, 6 with mab 3f6, 2 with mab g10/4, 1 with mab 6e7, and 8 showed no react ... | 1990 | 1700296 |
| antigenic variation in giardia lamblia: cellular and humoral immune response in a mouse model. | neonatal mice (cr:nih:s) were infected with a cloned human isolate of giardia lamblia (gs/m-83-h7) and the surface antigens of the intestinal trophozoites, as well as the cellular and humoral immune responses, were analysed during the course of infection. infections in mice peaked 2-3 weeks after inoculation and were self-cured by day 42 post-infection (p.i.). the proportion of trophozoites expressing the mr 72,000 surface antigen of the initial inoculum had decreased by day 12 and approached ze ... | 1990 | 1707508 |
| total genomic dna probe to detect giardia lamblia. | 1990 | 1973812 | |
| prevalence of salmonella, shigella and intestinal parasites in food handlers in irbid, jordan. | during a one-year period, 283 food handlers in irbid, jordan were investigated for the presence of potential enteropathogens in their stools. the prevalence rate of enteropathogens among non-jordanian food handlers (48.0%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of the jordanian group (12.3%). the isolation rates of salmonella and shigella were 6% and 1.4% respectively. multi-drug resistance was frequent among isolates of salmonella group b and shigella spp. intestinal parasites de ... | 1990 | 2081882 |
| characterization of two dna populations of giardia lamblia. | total dna was isolated from the parasitic protozoan giardia lamblia and separated into two distinct populations of different densities by centrifugation through cscl gradients containing hoechst dye 33258. the two populations obtained were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid hybridization. the less-dense population contains non-repetitive dna and may encode mainly structural genes, such as those for alpha- and beta-tubulin. digestion of the dna with several restriction ... | 1990 | 2082154 |
| evaluation of elisa for detection of giardia lamblia-specific copro-antigen employing monospecific antibodies. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system, using monospecific antibodies for the detection of giardia lamblia specific 66 kda copro-antigen has been developed and evaluated. the assay detected the antigen in stool eluates of all the 24 microscopically confirmed cases of giardiasis and in 17 (68%) of the 25 microscopy-negative clinically suspected cases of giardiasis. none of stool eluates from 20 subjects infected with other protozoal/helminthic intestinal parasites or from 20 apparent ... | 1990 | 2101137 |
| etiological agents of diarrhoea. | two decades of research have established newer pathogens and techniques in establishing several organisms of diarrhoeal diseases as aetiological agents. it is now possible to detect an agent in 80% of the situation of diarrhoea in a standard laboratory. the brief review describes the list of pathogens, their diagnostic techniques with short description on clinical and epidemiological status. | 1990 | 2101388 |
| the giardins of giardia lamblia: genes and proteins with promise. | the unique evolutionary position of the genus giardia recently came to light when mitch sogin and colleagues showed it to be the earliest diverging lineage in the eukaryotic line of descent by ribosomal rna analysis. similar in significance, the acquisition of a cytoskeleton was a pivotal occurrence in evolution. with an endoskeleton came an internal support structure for cells as well as the means to regulate dynamic phenomena such as muscle contraction, mitotic movement of chromosomes, ciliar ... | 1990 | 15463296 |
| viruses of parasitic protozoa. | recently, specific viruses have been identified among the parasitic protozoa trichomonas vaginalis, giardia lamblia, leishmania braziliensis, the eimeria spp and the babesia spp. these viruses share many features: they are all rna viruses and most, if not all, doublestranded (ds) rna viruses with nonsegmented genomes ranging between 5 and 7 kilobases (kb); they are spherical or icosahedral with an average diameter of 30-40 nm. the giardiavirus is one of the best characterized and can infect viru ... | 1991 | 15463448 |