Publications

effects of testosterone and its metabolites on aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain: relationship with the activation of male reproductive behavior.	the enzyme aromatase converts testosterone (t) into 17 beta-estradiol and plays a pivotal role in the control of reproduction. in particular, the aromatase activity (aa) located in the preoptic area (poa) of male japanese quail is a limiting step in the activation by t of copulatory behavior. aromatase-immunoreactive (aro-ir) cells of the poa are specifically localized within the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of the medial preoptic nucleus(pom), a sexually dimorphic and steroid-sensitive structur ...	1996	8603040
effects of interferon-alpha on cytokine profile, t cell receptor repertoire and peptide reactivity of human allergen-specific t cells.	a large panel of t cell clones (tcc) specific for the recombinant form of poa pratensis allergen (rkbg7.2 or poa p9) were established from the peripheral blood of grass pollen-sensitive donor in the absence or presence of recombinant interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) in bulk culture and their pattern of cytokine secretion, peptide reactivity and tcr v beta repertoire was examined. the majority of allergen-specific tcc derived in absence of ifn-alpha produced high amounts of interleukin-4 (il-4) and i ...	1996	8605940
hypothalamic sites of action for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estrogen in the regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in male sheep.	testosterone (t) inhibits lh secretion partly by acting at unknown sites within the brain to inhibit gnrh secretion. we tested the hypothesis that the preoptic area (poa) and arcuate-ventromedial region (arc/vmr), areas rich in androgen and estrogen (e) receptors, are neural sites at which t and the t metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (dht) and estrogen (e), act to suppress lh secretion. bilateral guide cannulae were surgically implanted into either the poa or arc/vmr of castrated male sheep. exp ...	1997	9275053
asymmetrical effects of the unilateral implant of pilocarpine on the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area on spontaneous ovulation of the adult rat.	the effects on ovulation at the next estrus after unilaterally implanting pilocarpine in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (poa-aha) of rats on each day of the estrous cycle were analyzed. implantation on the left side of poa-aha on the day of estrus blocked ovulation in all animals, whereas implantation on the right side did not (0/5 vs. 4/4, p < 0.05). implantation on diestrus 1 or 2 on either side of the poa-aha blocked ovulation. implantation on the right side of the poa-aha at the day ...	1997	9291628
lifespan changes in the human hypothalamus.	the various cell groups in the human hypothalamus show different patterns of aging, which are the basis for changes in biological rhythms, hormone production, autonomic functions, and behavior. the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn), the clock of the brain, exhibits circadian and seasonal rhythms in vasopressin synthesis that are disrupted later in life. furthermore, the age-related sexual differences in the number of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neurons in this nucleus reinforces the idea that ...	1997	9315457
restoration of sexual behavior in aged male rats by intracerebral grafts of fetal preoptic area neurons.	a decline in sexual arousal and copulatory activity has been observed in male rats with advancing age. grafting of fetal hypothalamic tissue into the third ventricle of aged male rats restores sexual behavior. this study investigated the effects of grafting fetal preoptic area (poa) neurons into the poa of aged male rats exhibiting decreased sexual behavior. we grafted suspensions of fetal poa neurons into the poa of 20 aged (19 to 24 months old) male rats that displayed no ejaculation. from 2 w ...	1997	9343981
screening immigrants for tuberculosis in newcastle upon tyne.	successive national guidelines on the control of tuberculosis in the united kingdom have included recommendations for screening immigrants coming from countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. as there has been only one other study on the process and outcome of screening immigrants at a district level the aim of this study was to assess the contribution of screening immigrants to the control of tuberculosis in newcastle.	1997	9347457
the pnca gene from naturally pyrazinamide-resistant mycobacterium avium encodes pyrazinamidase and confers pyrazinamide susceptibility to resistant m. tuberculosis complex organisms.	the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide (pza) needs to be converted into pyrazinoic acid (poa) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (pzase) in order to show bactericidal activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. m. avium is naturally resistant to pza. to investigate whether this natural resistance to pza is due to inability of the m. avium pzase to convert pza to bactericidal poa, the m. avium pzase gene (pnca) was cloned by using the m. tuberculosis pnca gene as a probe. sequence analysis showed t ...	1997	9353938
castration decreases single cell levels of mrna encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase in the diagonal band of broca and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area.	using quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry (ishh), we determined the effect of castration on single cell levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) mrna in discrete hypothalamic regions of the male rat brain associated with the control of gonadotropin secretion. a 48-base oligodeoxynucleotide probe was used to detect with equal affinity the two isoforms of gad message, gad65 and gad67. gad message also was quantitated in a number of selected areas of the brain to contrast gad gene ...	1997	9355037
neonatal treatment with tamoxifen causes immediate alterations of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and medial preoptic area in male rats.	tamoxifen is an antiestrogen widely used for the treatment of breast cancer. current evolutions in preventive strategies to include healthy premenopausal women warrant the study of its developmental toxicity. perinatal treatment of male rodents with tamoxifen caused reproductive tract lesions and sexual behavior deficits similar to those induced by diethylstilbestrol (des). those abnormalities could originate, at least in part, from lesions of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. the initial alterat ...	1997	9358609
steroid control and sexual differentiation of brain aromatase.	brain aromatase (aro) activity in the quail is markedly enhanced by testosterone (t). this effect only becomes detectable after several hours and reaches its maximum within a few days, which suggests enzymatic induction at the genomic level. this idea is reinforced by the fact that t also increases the aro protein, as observed by immunocytochemistry (icc) and the aro mrna, as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). these changes can be mimicked by the administration ...	1997	9365208
localization of progesterone receptor in brain and pituitary of the ring dove: influence of breeding cycle and estrogen.	an immunocytochemical method was used in male and female ring doves (streptopelia risoria) to localize progesterone receptor immunoreactivity (pr-ir) in the brain and anterior pituitary gland in nonbreeding, incubating, brooding, and estrogen (e2)-treated nonbreeding birds. progesterone receptor was found in four regions of the brain in males and females: the preoptic area (poa), nucleus preopticus paraventricularis magnocellularis (ppm), nucleus hypothalami lateralis (plh), and the tuberal regi ...	1997	9367718
changes in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh-i) in the pre-optic area and median eminence of starlings (sturnus vulgaris) during the recovery of photosensitivity and during photostimulation.	changes in gnrh-i in the pre-optic (poa) and medio-basal (mbh) areas of the hypothalamus and in pituitary and plasma lh were measured in starlings (sturnus vulgaris) during the recovery of photosensitivity under short days, and following photostimulation at various times during the recovery of photosensitivity. during exposure to short days there was a significant increase in gnrh-i in the poa, with the first detectable increase after only 10 days. there was no increase in gnrh-i in the mbh or i ...	1997	9370960
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone gene expression differs in young and middle-aged females on the day of a steroid-induced lh surge.	lhrh mrna levels were examined in young and middle-aged female rats at 4 times (10:00 h, 14:00 h, 18:00 h and 20:00 h) on the day of a steroid-induced lh surge by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe. young, but not middle-aged females, exhibited dynamic temporal changes in the number of lhrh mrna positive neurons detected in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis-preoptic area (ovlt-poa) continuum. specifically, fewer lhrh mrna positive neurons were detected at 18 ...	1997	9372229
deformation of erythrocytes under shear: a small-angle light scattering study.	in this study, sharp small-angle light scattering (sals) images of erythrocytes under increasing shear stresses in a couette flow were obtained, and accurate measurements of the angular positions of the two first minima and maxima have been carried out. the deformed cells were assumed to be three-axis ellipsoids of constant volume for all shear stresses. application of the physical optics approximation (poa) then permitted the determination of the cell dimensions as a function of the applied she ...	1997	9373393
number of preoptic gnrh-immunoreactive cells correlates with sexual phase in a protandrously hermaphroditic fish, the dusky anemonefish (amphiprion melanopus).	the populations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-producing cells within the preoptic area (poa) and terminal nerve (tn) of the brain have been suggested as the neuronal systems mediating social control of sex and gonadogenesis in sequentially hermaphroditic teleosts. in the present study, the number and soma size of gnrh-immunoreactive (gnrh-ir) cells in the poa and tn were studied in male, female and juvenile individuals of the dusky anemonefish (amphiprion melanopus), a species which d ...	1997	9373955
[tryptase determination in nasal washings in patients with allergic rhinitis].	triptase is an enzymatic protein found in the mastocytes. although the biological role of this substance is not fully understood, significant amounts of it are found in the nasal secretions of allergic subject both when naturally exposed to the allergen and when subject to specific nasal provocation tests. the present study uses a radioimmunological method (pharmacia, uppsala, sweden) to assay the amount of triptase in two groups: one composed of 10 subjects suffering from allergic rhinitis and ...	1997	9412151
comparison of serotonin receptor numbers and activity in specific hypothalamic areas of sexually active and inactive female rats.	in a previous study we have shown that a positive correlation exists between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) activity and female sexual receptivity in the pre-optic area (poa) and median eminence (me) and that there is a negative correlation in the ventromedial nucleus (vmn), zona incerta (zi) and arcuate nucleus (arc). in this report, the possibility that 5-ht receptor density and affinity alter with sexual receptivity has been investigated. micropunches of the poa, vmn, arc, me and the anterior hyp ...	1997	9430444
influence of maternal grooming, sex and age on fos immunoreactivity in the preoptic area of neonatal rats: implications for sexual differentiation.	the medial preoptic area (mpoa) of the hypothalamus contains a sexually dimorphic nucleus (sdn-poa) that is 5-7 times larger in males than females and which contributes to the development and expression of male-specific sex behaviors in adulthood. aside from a critical role for estrogen, the mechanisms that establish and maintain this sex difference are largely unknown. differences in the size of the sdn-poa are thought to be related to estrogen-associated effects on programmed cell death (apopt ...	1997	9445086
a direct dopaminergic control of aromatase activity in the quail preoptic area.	in the quail preoptic area (poa) anatomical and pharmacological data suggest that catecholamines may be implicated in the control of testosterone (t) aromatization into estrogens. the biochemical mechanism(s) mediating this control of the enzyme activity is (are) however unexplored. the present studies were carried out to investigate whether the catecholamines, dopamine (da) and norepinephrine (ne) are able to directly affect aromatase activity (aa) measured during in vitro incubations of poa ho ...	1997	9449211
progesterone increases levels of mu-opioid receptor mrna in the preoptic area and arcuate nucleus of ovariectomized, estradiol-treated female rats.	estradiol (e2) and progesterone (p) play different roles in generating the preovulatory surge release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lh-rh) and luteinizing hormone (lh). results of our previous studies suggest that at least some of these steroid-specific effects may be mediated by beta-endorphinergic neurons. however, it is also possible that e2 and p differentially regulate responsiveness to opioids by altering mu-opioid receptor gene expression. to test this hypothesis, we used quan ...	1997	9450674
male sexual behavior is associated with lhrh neuron number in middle-aged rats.	lhrh administration is reported to facilitate male sexual behavior. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether male sexual behavior is associated with the number of lhrh neurons in the forebrain in middle-aged rats. male long-evans rats (18-19 months) were assigned to three groups on the basis of sexual performance: (1) group mei consisted of rats showing complete copulatory patterns, including mounts, intromissions and ejaculations, (2) group mi was composed of rats showing mounts ...	1997	9453220
gnrh perikarya in medial basal hypothalamus of pubertal female rhesus macaque are ensheathed with glia.	a previous study in our laboratory revealed that the cell bodies of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in the preoptic area (poa) of early to midpubertal female rhesus monkeys were extensively invested with thick glial processes. because the medial basal hypothalamus (mbh) plays a critical role in the control of pulsatile and cyclic gonadotropin release in the primate, we have now focused on the ultrastructural milieu of gnrh neurons of this region in the same sample of monkeys. the e ...	1997	9468012
interleukin-1 inhibits drinking behaviour through prostaglandins, but not by nitric oxide formation.	interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) causes inhibition of drinking behaviour. moreover it induces formation of prostaglandins (pgs) and nitric oxide (no). both pgs and no are able to inhibit drinking stimulated by water deprivation or by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of angiotensin ii. in this study, we studied in the preoptic area (poa) the possible role of pgs and no in the antidipsogenic action induced by il-1 beta. il-1 beta was injected in the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) ...	1997	9042373
tamoxifen as initial endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer: long term follow-up of two piedmont oncology association (poa) trials.	to examine the outcomes of endocrine naive patients treated with tamoxifen as initial endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer. data were obtained from the long-term follow-up of two previously published randomized trials.	1997	9065610
antibodies to macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta in preoptic area of rats fail to suppress pge2 hyperthermia.	this study determined whether macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (mip-1beta) plays a role in the hyperthermia caused by prostaglandin e2 (pge2) given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in the rat. in these experiments, anti-murine mip-1beta antibody (anti-mip-1beta) was micro-injected in the anterior hypothalamic, preoptic area (ah/poa) just before i.c.v. pge2. the results showed that anti-mip-1beta failed to alter the pge2 hyperthermia. however, immunocytochemical studies revealed mip-1beta ...	1997	9067470
activation of salmon gnrh mrna expression prior to differentiation of precocious males in masu salmon.	changes in salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) mrna levels in the brain of underyearling male masu salmon, oncorhynchus masou, were investigated to clarify sgnrh participation in differentiation of precocious males. fish were immature with low gonadosomatic index (gsi < 0.100%) on april 16 and may 7. on june 11, fish were differentiated into two groups: future precocious males and immature males. fish in the former group had high gsi (0.203%) with proliferation of primary spermatocytes ...	1997	9073498
postoperative analgesia in italy. national survey on the anaesthetist's beliefs, opinions, behaviour and techniques in postoperative pain control in italy.	using a personal, anonymous questionnaire developed ad hoc, we tried to document the role, the problems and the activities of italian anaesthetists in postoperative pain control.	1997	9181157
evidence for sexual differences in the preoptic area regulation of blood glucose in rats.	the effect of noradrenaline (na) injection (20 or 40 nmol) into the preoptic area (poa) on plasma glucose and insulin was studied in male and female rats. the rats were implanted with chronic jugular catheters for blood sampling and unilateral intracerebral cannulas placed just above the poa. blood samples were taken before and at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after na injection. as early as 5 min after na injection, plasma glucose levels rose rapidly in both male and female rats, reaching a peak at ...	1997	9188081
the estradiol-induced luteinizing hormone surge in the ewe is not associated with increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels.	this experiment was undertaken to determine whether the estrogen-induced lh and gnrh surge in the ewe is associated with activation of a specific subpopulation of neurons in the mid-brain of the ewe as indicated by a change in gnrh mrna levels. fifteen ovariectomized ewes were assigned to treatment groups 3-4 wk after ovariectomy. one group of ewes served as controls (n = 2); 50 microg estradiol-17beta (e2) was administered to the remaining ewes. blood samples were collected from all ewes before ...	1997	9209087
what nature's knockout teaches us about gnrh activity: hypogonadal mice and neuronal grafts.	the hypogonadal mouse is one of "nature's knockouts," bearing a specific deletion in the gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), with the result that no gnrh peptide is detectable in the brain. the lack of reproductive development after birth provides an animal model that has proved fruitful in clarifying the role of gnrh in reproductive behavior and physiology. behavioral studies with hypogonadal mice convincingly demonstrate that although gnrh may facilitate the appearance of sexual be ...	1997	9213135
the neonatal neurotoxicity of monosodium l-glutamate on the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rats.	the neurotoxic effect of monosodium l-glutamate (msg) on the morphologies in the darkly stained sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) and the lighter-staining surrounding area (non-sdn-poa) within the medial preoptic nucleus (mpn) was evaluated. male and female long-evans rats were used. msg (4 mg/g of body weight) was administered subcutaneously to pups on days 1 and 3 postnatally. normal saline was used as the vehicle. at the age of 6 months, the rats were sacrificed and th ...	1997	9215880
modulation of preoptic regulatory factor-2 (porf-2) mrnas by castration and hypophysectomy.	neuropeptides are central to the regulation of mammalian gender-dependent development and reproduction. preoptic regulatory factor-2 is a neuropeptide gene that is known to be expressed in rat brain and testis. in the brain, expression is gender-dependent and age-dependent. tissue-specific transcripts are found in the preoptic area (poa) of the hypothalamus and in the testis. in order to investigate the effects of reproductive hormone status on expression of porf-2 in the male rat, porf-2 transc ...	1997	9225117
[predisposition of subclones of pancreatic carcinoma cells, aspc-1, to changes in functional and histopathological features of xenograft tumors with response to extracellular matrix].	we cloned two characteristics subclones from a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line, aspc-1, according to their distinctive cell shapes; one an epithelial morphology and designated as "beto-1" and the other a fibroblastic morphology and designated as "fib-1". fib-1 grew faster than beto-1, but the growth rate of the cells on plastics was as high as that of the cells on the extracellular matrix extracts, matrigel. the pancreatic tumor-marker proteins, alpha-amylase, insulin, cea, poa, pp, and afp ...	1997	9128054
gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion in castrated male sheep following subcutaneous or intracranial treatment with testicular hormones.	interactions between testosterone, estradiol, and inhibin in the control of gonadotrophin secretion in males are poorly understood. castrated rams were treated with steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bff), testosterone, or estradiol and for 7 d (2 x 2 x 2 factorial design). given independently, none of the exogenous hormones affected follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) concentrations, but the combination of one or both steroids with bff reduced fsh secretion. testosterone and estradiol reduced ...	1997	9549050
leaf respiration in light and darkness (a comparison of slow- and fast-growing poa species).	we investigated whether leaf dark respiration (nonphotorespiratory mitochondrial co2 release) is inhibited by light in several poa species, and whether differences in light inhibition between the species are related to differences in the rate of leaf net photosynthesis. four lowland (poa annua l., poa compressa l., poa pratensis l., and poa trivialis l.), one subalpine (poa alpina l.), and two alpine (poa costiniana vick. and poa fawcettiae vick.) poa species differing in whole plant relative gr ...	1997	12223656
estrogen-excitable forebrain projections to the ventral premammillary nucleus of the female rat.	retrograde labels by nuclear yellow from the female rat ventral premammillary nucleus (pmv) were most numerous in the lateral septum (ls) and the preoptic area (poa) and spread laterally into the substantia innominata. other labels were in the diagonal band nucleus, the substantia innominata and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. constant-current, single-pulse electrical stimulation of the pmv in urethane-anesthetized ovariectomized rats elicited antidromic action potentials in the cingula ...	1997	9143007
antibiosis and antagonism of sclerotinia homoeocarpa and drechslera poae by pseudomonas fluorescens pf-5 in vitro and in planta.	abstract pseudomonas fluorescens strain pf-5, which produces several antifun-gal metabolites, including the antibiotics pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, was tested for its ability to inhibit sclerotinia homoeocarpa (causal agent of dollar spot) and drechslerapoae (causal agent of 'melting-out') in vitro and in turfgrass; tn5 mutants with altered antibiotic production also were tested. inhibition in vitro differed with the medium used, but both fungi generally were inhib ...	1997	18945079
effects of mycorrhizae on plant growth and dynamics in experimental tall grass prairie microcosms.	experimental microcosms (40 x 52 x 32 cm) containing an assemblage of eight tallgrass prairie grass and forb species in native prairie soil were maintained under mycorrhizal (untreated control) or mycorrhizal-suppressed (fungicide-treated) conditions to examine plant growth, demographic, and community responses to mycorrhizal symbiosis. the fungicide benomyl successfully reduced mycorrhizal root colonization in the fungicide-treated microcosms to only 6.4% (an 83% reduction relative to mycorrhiz ...	1997	21708601
within-population genetic diversity of taraxacum officinale (asteraceae): differential genotype response and effect on interspecific competition.	clonal offspring of five morphologically distinct individuals of taraxacum officinale were planted in a greenhouse experiment with each of three competitors, plantago major, poa pratensis and trifolium pratense. the competitors were chosen to represent a series of competitive environments experienced by a natural population of t. officinale through the year. differences in size, morphology, and response to the competitive environments were found among clones and support classification of the fiv ...	1998	21684978
changes of characteristics of preoptic neurons and na metabolism in hypothalamus of ground squirrel (citelleus dautieus) in different seasons and hibernating phases.	the unit firing activities of neurons in the preoptic area (poa) of ground squirrel hypothalamic tissue slices were recorded and the metabolism of na in hypothalamus was measured with high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). thermosensitivity, proportions, the critical temperature (tc) and the lowest temperature (tl) of firing activity of the above-mentioned neurons, and na metabolism in hypothalamus were compared in different seasons and hibernating phases. in comparison with that in summ ...	1998	18726230
[a preliminary study of plasma oxidase activity by spectrophotometry on the healthy middle-aged and old volunteers in changsha].	the plasma oxidase activities (poa) in 26 healthy volunteers were determined by spectrophotometry. the results showed that the poa value of the 26 cases was obviously lower (78.90 +/- 8.12 u.l-1) than that in lasla's (84 +/- 5 u.l-1) (p < 0.05). a preliminary normal reference range of poa (45-60 years old) in changsha was established. this method is an accurate (cv = 3.9%), cheaper, and easy one and applicable for clinical laboratories.	1998	10681814
a clinical evaluation of serological diagnosis for pancreatic cancer.	aim:to assess the diagnostic values of tumor markers for pancreatic cancer.methods:pancreatic cancer-associated antigen from colonic mucosa (pcaac), pancreas-specific antigen (paa), pancreatic oncofetal antigen (poa) and minimolecular pancreatic antigen (mpoa) were detected by double antibodies sandwich elisa; ca19-9,elastase 1 (e1), human pancreatic elastase 1 (hpe1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) by radioimmunoassay (ria); general activities of ribo-nuclease (rnase) and its isoenzymes (rna ...	1998	11819260
effects of testosterone and progesterone on brain 5alpha-reductase and aromatase in long-evans males and comparison of aromatase in long-evans vs. sprague-dawley rats.	we investigated medial basal hypothalamic-preoptic area (mbh-poa) 5alpha-reductase and aromatase enzyme activities in gonadally intact and castrated adult long-evans (l-e) male rats treated with testosterone (t), progesterone (p), and a combination of t+p. mbh-poa 5alpha-reductase and aromatase activities did not differ significantly among the groups. the lack of a difference in mbh-poa aromatase between control and castrated l-e animals was unexpected. in two further experiments, mbh-poa aromat ...	1998	9573394
effects of tracking by armored vehicles on townsend's ground squirrels in the orchard training area, idaho, usa	/ maintaining raptor populations is a primary objective of the legislation that designates the snake river birds of prey national conservation area. army training activities could influence habitat quality for raptors by changing the density, productivity, or behavior of their townsend's ground squirrel (spermophilus townsendii) prey. these changes could occur directly or as a result of changes in the vegetation available as food and cover for the ground squirrels. we assessed the effects of lon ...	1998	9582397
effect of estrogen on hypothalamic transforming growth factor alpha and gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the female rhesus monkey.	in order to study whether hypothalamic transforming growth factor alpha (tgfalpha) gene expression in the monkey is estrogen-sensitive, long-term ovariectomized rhesus macaques were implanted subcutaneously with either estradiol-containing (n = 3) or blank (n = 3) silastic capsules. blood samples were collected every other day while the animals were lightly sedated with ketamine hydrochloride to monitor circulating lh and estradiol concentrations. animals were killed with a lethal dose of pentob ...	1998	9588692
enlarging effects of estradiol on the nuclear volume of neurons in the hypothalamus during aging.	neuronal nuclear volumes (nnvs) were measured in the medial preoptic nucleus (mpn), anterior hypothalamic area (aha) and arcuate nucleus (arn) of young adult, middle-aged, and old rats of both sexes. the nnvs in the darkly stained sexual-dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) and the lighter staining surrounding area (non-sdn-poa) within the mpn were measured separately. intact young and middle-aged female rats had larger nnvs than those of the males in sdn-poa, non-sdn-poa and aha but ...	1998	9592684
the effect of anabolic-androgenic steroids on aromatase activity and androgen receptor binding in the rat preoptic area.	the level of aromatase in the preoptic area of rats is transcriptionally regulated through a specific androgen-receptor mediated mechanism and can be used as a measure of central androgenic effect. therefore, several commonly abused anabolic-androgenic steroids (aas) were tested for their ability to induce aromatase activity in the preoptic area of castrated rats. in addition, we determined the relative binding affinities of these compounds for the androgen receptor, as well as their ability to ...	1998	9593936
complement reduction impairs the febrile response of guinea pigs to endotoxin.	although it is generally believed that circulating exogenous pyrogens [e.g., lipopolysaccharides (lps)] induce fever via the mediation of endogenous pyrogens (ep) such as cytokines, the first of these, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, is usually not detectable in blood until at least 30 min after intravenous administration of lps, whereas the febrile rise begins within 15 min after its administration. moreover, although abundant evidence indicates that circulating lps is cleared primarily by liver m ...	1998	9608013
excitatory amino acid receptors and puberty.	glutamate is an important excitatory signal in the hypothalamus for the steroid-mediated preovulatory gonadotropin surge. steroids may exert this action by regulating glutamate receptor levels or glutamate release, or both. work in our laboratory found no changes in nmda and kainate receptor binding in the hypothalamus of castrated or castrated plus steroid-replaced male and female rats. likewise, we found that nmda and kainate binding did not change over the onset of puberty in the female rat. ...	1998	9618783
preoptic area grafts implanted in mammillary bodies of hypogonadal mice: patterns of gnrh neuronal projections.	gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) axons project to the median eminence, where the peptide is released to stimulate pituitary gonadotrophs. hypogonadal mice (hpg) do not synthesize gnrh due to a deletion in the gene. when neonatal preoptic area (poa) tissue from normal mice containing gnrh neurons is transplanted into the third ventricle of hpg mice, gnrh axons exit the graft and specifically project to the median eminence, where the release of gnrh in the portal circulation induces the stimu ...	1998	9628762
pain modulatory actions of cytokines and prostaglandin e2 in the brain.	proinflammatory cytokines such as il-1, il-6, and tnf alpha are known to enhance nociception at peripheral inflammatory tissues. these cytokines are also produced in the brain. we found that an intracerebroventricular injection of il-1 beta only at nonpyrogenic doses in rats reduced the paw-withdrawal latency on a hot plate and enhanced the responses of the wide dynamic range neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis to noxious stimuli. this hyperalgesia, as assessed by behavioral and neuronal ...	1998	9629255
cytokines and fever.	fever is induced in response to the entrance of pathogenic microorganisms into the body and is thought to be mediated by cytokines. because these pathogens most commonly invade the body through its natural barriers and because body temperature is regulated centrally, these mediators are presumed to be produced peripherally and transported by the bloodstream to the brain, to act. it is generally considered that their febrigenic messages are further modulated there by prostaglandin e2 (pge2). howe ...	1998	9629288
comparison of afferent and efferent competence of transplanted gnrh cells in the brains of hypogonadal female mice.	a deletion in the gene encoding gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) induces hypogonadism in mice caused by the deficiency of gnrh. activation of the reproductive axis can be achieved in these hypogonadal (hpg) mice by third cerebro-ventricular transplantation of preoptic area (poa) containing gnrh neurons, obtained from normal fetal mice. the present study was carried out in female hpg mice with poa grafts (hpg/poa) to investigate anatomical integration of the gnrh cells required for the funct ...	1998	9630394
the medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic regions of the rhesus monkey: cytoarchitectonic comparison with the human and evidence for sexual dimorphism.	examination of thionin-stained sections through the hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey revealed nuclei that resemble the first, second and third interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (inah1-3) of the human. volumetric analysis of these nuclei in a small sample of monkeys suggests that the nucleus that resembles inah3 is larger in males than in females. inah1-3 have each been reported to be larger in men than in women and each has been considered as a potential candidate for homology wi ...	1998	9630719
estradiol elevates protein kinase c catalytic activity in the preoptic area of female rats.	estrogen acts in the brain to regulate female reproductive physiology and behavior, and protein kinase c (pkc) is estrogen-regulated in many estrogen-responsive tissues. we examined whether estrogen regulates pkc in the hypothalamus (hyp) and preoptic area (poa), brain regions which mediate estrogenic control of female reproductive function. pkc activity in tissue from hormone-treated and control female rats was measured, in the presence of phorbol ester and calcium, by quantifying 32p incorpora ...	1998	9645675
multiple forms of gnrh are released from perifused medial basal hypothalamic/preoptic area (mbh/poa) explants in birds.	both chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormones i and ii (cgnrh i and ii) were detected in abundant quantity by radioimmunoassay of extracts of japanese quail medial basal hypothalamic/preoptic area (mbh/poa) fragments that included the median eminence (me) region. however, in radioimmunoassayed extracts of japanese quail me alone, the concentration of cgnrh i greatly exceeded that of cgnrh ii (approximately 450 pg/me vs < 10 pg/me). likewise, cgnrh i and ii were released into perifusates from quai ...	1998	9653026
effects of tamoxifen, fluphenazine and estradiol on atp levels in preoptic area and hypothalamic slices from ovariectomized rats.	tamoxifen, the major adjuvant drug treatment for estrogen-dependent breast cancer, has been shown previously to affect both estrogen-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathways. in the current study, we developed an in vitro slice system to study the effects of tamoxifen on atp levels in hypothalamic (hth) and preoptic areas (poa) of the rat brain. baseline data showed that, following a 2-h incubation, hth and poa slices had comparable atp levels to hippocampal slices, a system used exte ...	1998	9666135
reproductive endocrinopathy in acute streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. studies on lhrh.	streptozotocin-(stz) treated diabetic male rats have significant reproductive endocrinopathy. to determine the functional responsiveness of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) neurons in stz-treated diabetic male rats, stimulated lhrh release was assessed using hypothalami from short-term stz-treated, stz-treated insulin-replaced, and control male rats. lhrh release from control, stz-treated, and stz-treated, insulin-replaced explants in response to an initial and second 30-min pulse of ...	1998	9666343
effects of diabetes and estradiol on norepinephrine release in female rat hypothalamus, preoptic area and cortex.	these studies determined whether diabetes and estradiol treatment altered norepinephrine (ne) release from hypothalamus, preoptic area (poa), and cortical slices from ovariectomized (ovx) female rats. animals were sacrificed 12 days after the onset of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and 48 h following vehicle or estradiol injection. brain slices were preloaded with 3h-ne, and release was evoked twice (s and s2) by electrical stimulation. diabetes increased hypothalamic ne release during s1 regar ...	1998	9695936
preoptic avt immunoreactive neurons of a teleost fish with alternative reproductive tactics.	recent reports have implicated an important role for arginine vasotocin (avt) in the socially mediated sexual differentiation of fishes. this study focuses on the plainfin midshipman (porichthys notatus) which exhibits two male morphs, type i and type ii, differing in a suite of behavioral, neurobiological, and endocrine traits. immunocytochemical techniques were used to detect neurons containing avt-like peptide in the forebrain of juveniles, adult females, and type i and type ii males. avt imm ...	1998	9707473
injury to murine airway epithelial cells by pollen enzymes.	pollens are important triggers for asthma but the mechanism of sensitisation to their proteins remains poorly understood. the intrinsic protease activity of some allergens may contribute to sensitisation by disrupting the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier. pollens release a variety of enzymes, including proteases, upon hydration. the hypothesis that such enzymes might be able to damage airway epithelial cells was therefore tested.	1998	9708228
detection and quantification of group 4 allergens in grass pollen extracts using monoclonal antibodies.	grass pollen extracts are complex mixtures consisting of different major allergenic and non-allergenic components. phl p 4 is an important allergen, because more than 75% of grass pollen allergic patients produce specific ige antibodies against group 4 allergens.	1998	9720813
macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta induces dexamethasone-unresponsive fever in rats.	it has been hypothesized that endogenous glucocorticoids represent an important negative feedback system involved in the modulation of cytokine-induced fever through the inhibition of prostaglandins (pg) production in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (ah/poa). the purpose of this study was to determinate whether glucocorticoids modulate the pg-independent febrile response induced by macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (mip-1beta) in a manner similar to other pyrogenic cytokines. subcutaneous ...	1998	9721925
genome sequences of poa semilatent and lychnis ringspot hordeiviruses.	the nucleotide sequences of the genomic rnas of two hordeiviruses, poa semilatent virus (pslv) and lychnis ringspot virus (lrsv), were determined. the genome organization of both viruses is similar to that of the type hordeivirus, barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv). comparisons of the amino acid sequences of the hordeivirus replicase components revealed a high level of sequence similarity to those of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv), peanut clump virus (pcv), and indian peanut clump virus. t ...	1998	9722881
how far can we simplify in vitro diagnostics for grass pollen allergy?: a study with 17 whole pollen extracts and purified natural and recombinant major allergens.	current diagnostics for grass pollen allergy are composed of mixtures of pollen of different grass species. their complex composition hampers accurate standardization.	1998	9723659
photoperiod affects the ability of testosterone to alter proopiomelanocortin mrna, but not luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone mrna, levels in male sheep.	this study tested the hypothesis that photoperiod affects the ability of testosterone to reduce proopiomelanocortin (pomc) mrna levels in the arcuate nucleus and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) mrna levels in both the preoptic area (poa) or medial basal hypothalamus (mbh). twenty castrated male sheep were assigned to one of four treatment groups (i): short days (sd; n=5) (ii), short days with testosterone (sd+t; n=5) (iii), long days (ld; n=5), or (iii) long days with testosterone ( ...	1998	9725710
ovarian steroid-independent diurnal rhythm in cyclic gmp/nitric oxide efflux in the medial preoptic area: possible role in preovulatory and ovarian steroid-induced lh surge.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cyclic lh hypersecretion and nitric oxide (no) release in the medial preoptic area (mpoa), the hypothalamic site implicated in induction of lh hypersecretion. the mpoa extracellular cyclic gmp (cgmp) efflux (an index of no release), was monitored by microdialysis. quite unexpectedly, we observed a daily afternoon rise in the mpoa cgmp efflux in cycling female rats on proestrus and diestrus ii, in ovariectomized (ovx) rats and in ovx ...	1998	9725714
sleep-waking discharge patterns of ventrolateral preoptic/anterior hypothalamic neurons in rats.	numerous lesion, stimulation and recording studies in experimental animals demonstrate the importance of neurons within the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (poa) in the regulation of sleep induction and sleep maintenance. recently, a discrete cluster of cells in the ventrolateral poa (vlpoa) of rats was found to exhibit elevated c-fos gene expression during sleep, indicating that these neurons are strongly activated during nonrem and/or rem sleep stages. we examined neuronal discharge during ...	1998	9729371
is new immigrant screening for tuberculosis still worthwhile?	new immigrant screening in the 1980s showed that the official port of arrival (poa) system performed poorly, that there was a significant yield in terms of clinical tuberculosis, and that preventive measures (chemoprophylaxis and bcg) were appropriate in a substantial minority data for the 1990s was sought for comparison.	1998	9733376
sex differences in estrogenic regulation of preproenkephalin mrna levels in the medial preoptic area of prepubertal rats.	opioids have been implicated in sexual differentiation of the brain and in the regulation of reproductive behavior and endocrinology of mammals. previous studies have indicated that estrogen administration in adults regulates preproenkephalin mrna levels in several hypothalamic brain nuclei. we have determined preproenkephalin mrna levels in estrogen-treated juvenile male and female rats to investigate the developmental pattern of estrogenic regulation of enkephalinergic neurons in the medial pr ...	1998	9748541
the role of the alternative oxidase in stabilizing the in vivo reduction state of the ubiquinone pool and the activation state of the alternative oxidase	a possible function for the alternative (nonphosphorylating) pathway is to stabilize the reduction state of the ubiquinone pool (qr/qt), thereby avoiding an increase in free radical production. if the qr/qt were stabilized by the alternative pathway, then qr/qt should be less stable when the alternative pathway is blocked. qr/qt increased when we exposed roots of poa annua (l.) to increasing concentrations of kcn (an inhibitor of the cytochrome pathway). however, when salicylhydroxamic acid, an ...	1998	9765546
developmental sex differences in estrogen receptor-beta mrna expression in the mouse hypothalamus/preoptic region.	estrogens play a significant role during mammalian brain development and are required for the masculinization of neuronal circuits involved in sex-specific behaviors and neuroendocrine functions. cellular estrogen signalling is transmitted through nuclear estrogen receptors (er) which are divided into two subforms: the er-alpha as well as the recently cloned er-beta have been demonstrated in the hypothalamus. in the present study, we have analyzed the sex-specific expression of er-beta mrna in t ...	1998	9772337
large somal size is associated with the expression of galanin but not with neuronal birthdate in the sexually dimorphic male nucleus of ferret's preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus.	using nissl and golgi stains, a sexually dimorphic male nucleus (mn) comprised of a cluster of large cells with large dendritic arbors has been identified in the dorsal preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah) of male ferrets. the mn-poa/ah is formed only in males by the action of estradiol derived from the neural aromatization of testosterone during the last quarter of a 41-day gestation. the ferret's dorsal poa/ah is also characterized by a sex difference in the expression of the neuropept ...	1998	9772338
recovery of sleep after fetal preoptic transplantation in medial preoptic area-lesioned rats.	changes in sleep after fetal preoptic (poa) tissue transplantation were studied in rats which had been made insomniac by a medial preoptic area (mpoa) lesion. two days after the n-methyl d-aspartic acid (nmda) lesion of the mpoa, fetal poa tissues (obtained from 14- to 17-day-old fetuses) were transplanted into the lesioned mpoa. insomnia was less marked in these animals, as compared to nontransplanted lesioned rats, even on the 4th day after transplantation. the quantum of sleep nearly attained ...	1998	9779519
infant cold exposure changes fos expression to acute cold stimulation in adult hypothalamic brain regions.	it is known that cold exposure as an infant results in a permanent cold tolerance which is accompanied by a reduced rate of colonic temperature decline and increased metabolic heat production to cold stimulation. the present study was aimed to elucidate the central mechanism of cold tolerance of adult rats with cold exposure as infants. newborn infants were exposed to cold ambient (4 degrees c) daily for 2 weeks, and when they were 15-weeks old, fos expression to acute cold stimulation (10 degre ...	1998	9809667
antipyretic action of peripheral stimulation with electroacupuncture in rats.	the present study was designed to investigate the antipyretic action of peripheral stimulation with electroacupuncture (ea) in sd rats. ea stimulation was applied for 30 min to the peripheral muscle where the equivalent quchi (li11) acupoint is located. we first examined the effects of ea stimulation on fever induced by either lipopolysaccharide (lps), interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) or prostaglandin e2 (pge2). intraperitoneal injection of lps at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg caused a high rectal t ...	1998	9827358
androgen-dependent modulation of calbindin-d28k in hypothalamic tissue during prenatal development.	we examined the influence of androgens on fetal medial basal hypothalamic and preoptic area (mbh-poa) calbindin-d28k levels (via western analysis) by treating pregnant rats with testosterone or flutamide, (an androgen receptor blocker). mbh-poa calbindin-d28k levels were significantly decreased in flutamide-treated male fetuses, whereas, mbh-poa calbindin-d28k levels were significantly increased in testosterone-treated female fetuses compared to controls. these results suggest that mbh-poa calbi ...	1998	9831256
[anesthesiologic technique and postoperative analgesia in italy. macroregional comparison].	to describe the use of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia techniques in italy, with a geographical comparison.	1998	9835726
effects of sexual behavioral manipulation on brain plasticity in adult rats.	the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of sexual behaviorial manipulation on brain plasticity in adult male rats. adult male sprague-dawley rats that copulated during male sexual behavior testing were divided into four groups: control male; gonadectomized (gdx) male; sexually active male; and sexually nonactive male. female animals were used as an additional control group. at the end of a 12-week experimental period, the animals were again tested for male sexual behavior a ...	1998	9886787
structural analysis of n-glycans from allergenic grass, ragweed and tree pollens: core alpha1,3-linked fucose and xylose present in all pollens examined.	the n-glycans from soluble extracts of ten pollens were examined. the pyridylaminated oligosaccharides derived from these sources were subject to gel filtration and reverse-phase hplc, in conjunction with exoglycosidase digests, and in some cases matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation mass spectrometry. in comparison to known structures, it was possible to determine the major structures of the n-glycans derived from kentucky blue grass (poa pratensis), rye (secale cerale), ryegrass (lolium ...	1998	10386890
differential regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) receptor expression in the posterior mediobasal hypothalamus by steroid hormones: implication of gnrh neuronal activity.	the present study is designed to evaluate the relationship between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and gnrh receptor (gnrhr) gene expression during the steroid-induced lh surge. one week after ovariectomy (ovx), a capsule containing 17beta-estradiol (e) or vehicle (v) was implanted into ovx rats, and 2 days later a single injection of progesterone (p) or v was administered s.c. at 10:00 h. poly(a)-rich rna samples were isolated from the micropunches of the preoptic area (poa) and the poste ...	1998	9473680
cell death in the sexually dimorphic dorsal preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus of perinatal male and female ferrets.	a sexually dimorphic male nucleus (mn) is present in nissl-stained sections through the dorsal (d) preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah) of male ferrets. the mn-poa/ah is composed of a cluster of large cells which is organized in males by the action of estradiol, formed via the neural aromatization of circulating testosterone (t), during the last quarter of a 41-day gestation. several recent studies using rodent species have raised the possibility that the hormone-induced masculinization ...	1998	9485049
opioid-glutamate-nitric oxide connection in the regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in the rat.	opioid neurons are recognized to be an important component of the inhibitory "brake" in the cns that restrains lhrh secretion. opioid inhibition could be exerted directly on lhrh neurons, or it could be achieved via indirect mechanisms involving restrainment of excitatory "accelerator" neurons that facilitate lhrh release. the purpose of the present study was to explore the second hypothesis by investigating whether removal of opioid inhibition by administering the opioid antagonist, naloxone le ...	1998	9492025
dissection of the grass allergen-specific immune response in patients with allergies and control subjects: t-cell proliferation in patients does not correlate with specific serum ige and skin reactivity.	pollinosis, caused by grasses of the poaceae family, is a problem worldwide. the relative importance of grass groups 1 and 5 major allergens is well established. however, not much is known about the recognition of these allergens by t cells and whether this t-cell reactivity correlates with skin reactivity and serum ige levels.	1998	9500758
ige antibodies to recombinant pollen allergens (phl p 1, phl p 2, phl p 5, and bet v 2) account for a high percentage of grass pollen-specific ige.	pollen from different grass species are some of the most potent elicitors of type i allergy worldwide. the characterization of antigenic structures and ige epitopes common to different grass species is relevant to define reagents for diagnosis and specific therapy of grass pollen allergy.	1998	9500760
semicircadian rhythms of c-fos expression in several hypothalamic areas during pregnancy in the rat: relationship to prolactin secretion.	prolactin (prl) serves an important luteotrophic function in the rat during early pregnancy, expressed as a nocturnal surge in the early morning and a diurnal surge in the late afternoon. several areas of the hypothalamus, including the preoptic area (poa), the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) and the ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei (vm-dm) have been implicated in prl surges. we investigated the temporal relationship between neuronal activity as measured by c-fos immunocytochemistry in these ar ...	1998	9508038
changes in catecholamine levels and turnover rates in hypothalamic, vocal control, and auditory nuclei in male zebra finches during development.	the catecholamines norepinephrine (ne) and dopamine (da) have been implicated in the sexual differentiation of brain and behavior and in species-specific learning in several species. to determine if these neurotransmitters might be involved in sexual differentiation of the vocal control system and song learning in male zebra finches, ne and da levels and turnover rates were quantified in 10 behaviorally relevant brain nuclei [6 vocal control (vcn), 2 auditory (an), and 2 hypothalamic (hn)] at fo ...	1998	9514523
separation of septal influences on lordosis, ultrasound production, and body weight.	previous results suggest that septal fibers inhibit lordosis, ultrasound production, and bodily growth (rate of weight gain) in female hamsters. to determine if the systems responsible for these effects can be dissociated, septal connections with or through the preoptic area (poa) were disrupted by horizontal cuts across the interface between these areas. some subjects received cuts that were centered medially and extended across most of the interface. others received cuts that were offset later ...	1998	9523887
microinjection of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor into the anteroventral preoptic region attenuates lps fever.	considerable evidence supports the role of prostaglandins in fever production, but the neuroanatomic sites of prostaglandin synthesis that produce fever remain unknown. with the use of a novel microinjection technique, we injected the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac into the preoptic area (poa) to determine which preoptic regions produce the prostaglandins required for fever. initial experiments demonstrated that intravenous ketorolac blocked the fever normally produced by lipopolysaccharide ...	1998	9530246
aging results in attenuated gonadotropin releasing hormone-luteinizing hormone axis responsiveness to glutamate receptor agonist n-methyl-d-aspartate.	reproductive aging in the brown norway rat occurs because of testicular as well as hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. excitatory amino acids (eaa) participate in the regulation of pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic gnrh and pituitary lh. in the present study, we studied the eaa-gnrh-lh axis for possible age-related alterations in prepubertal (35 days), young (3-4 months), middle-aged (12-13 months) and old (21-23 months) rats. in the first experiment, an intra-atrial cannula was implanted in r ...	1998	9535055
relationships between sex and the size and number of forebrain gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurones in the ballan wrasse (labrus berggylta), a protogynous hermaphrodite.	this study is the first to examine the brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) cell population phenotype in a protogynous and monandric sequentially hermaphroditic fish. male ballan wrasse (labrus berggylta) had on average higher numbers of gnrh-immunoreactive (gnrh-ir) cells within the brain preoptic area (poa) than females, a difference not found in gnrh-ir cells in other brain regions. furthermore, in males, but not females, the number of these poa gnrh-ir cells correlated with body size. ...	1999	10397402
the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus of different strains of mice: sex differences and development.	while sex differences in neural morphology in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah) have been demonstrated in many species, their existence in mice have been controversial. given the increased use of transgenic and gene-disrupted mice, we characterized sex differences using nissl stains, and the immunocytochemical location of estrogen receptor-alpha (er-alpha) and galanin in the poa/ah of two widely used strains, c57bl/6 and 129svev, and a mixed strain (c57bl/6x129sv); the wild-type l ...	1999	10407134
fungal proteinase expression in the interaction of the plant pathogen magnaporthe poae with its host.	infection by pathogenic fungi involves breaching the outer layer of the host by either mechanical or enzymatic means. subtilisin-like proteinases are considered to be important in the infection process of entomopathogenic, nematophagous, and mycoparasitic fungi. little is known regarding the expression of such proteinases by plant pathogenic fungi. magnaporthe poae, a fungal pathogen of kentucky bluegrass, expressed a subtilisin-like proteinase, proteinase mp1, in the infected roots. antibody wa ...	1999	10415340
prenatal stress and glucocorticoid effects on the developing gender-related brain.	hormonal and neurotransmitter environment of nondifferentiated cells in the developing brain determines many of gender-specific behavioural and neuroendocrine functions. early postnatal and long-term effects of maternal stress or prenatal glucocorticoid on sex-related peculiarities of the brain morphology, biogenic monoamine turnover, testosterone metabolism, hypothalamic noradrenaline (na) and adrenocortical responses to an acute stress were studied in wistar rat offsprings. maternal stress (1 ...	1999	10418984
ovarian hormone dependence of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor activation of the nitric oxide-cgmp pathway: relevance for hormonal facilitation of lordosis behavior.	the ovarian hormones estradiol (e(2)) and progesterone (p) facilitate rat lordosis behavior in part by regulating the expression of and signal transduction by adrenoceptors in the hypothalamus (hyp) and preoptic area (poa). the major adrenoceptor subtype mediating e(2) and p facilitation of lordosis is the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor. in the present studies, we tested the hypotheses that (1) alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in the hyp enhance lordosis responses by activating the nitric oxide (no)-cgmp signaling ...	1999	10436072
reduction of luteinzing hormone secretion induced by long-term feed restriction in male rats is associated with increased expression of gaba-synthesizing enzymes without alterations of gnrh gene expression.	in rats, fasting or restriction of feed intake impairs the activity of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) pulse generator which results in reduced luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion. it is still unknown which neurotransmitters are involved in this phenomenon. however, it is known that increased gaba concentrations in the hypothalamus reduce gnrh biosynthesis and release. therefore, we examined whether 17 days of feed restriction in male rats affected the hypothalamic gene exp ...	1999	10447799
gnrh mrna increases with puberty in the male syrian hamster brain.	puberty in the male syrian hamster (mesocricetus auratus) is characterized by decreased responsiveness to testosterone mediated negative feedback, but the neural mechanism for this change remains elusive. we hypothesized that decreased inhibition of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) system results in increased neurosecretory activity, which includes an increase in gnrh gene expression. this study examined gnrh mrna in male hamsters before and after puberty, and sought to determine if any ...	1999	10447800
reproductive function in rats exposed neonatally to bisphenol a and estradiol benzoate.	the reproductive function in rats treated subcutaneously (s.c.) with 300 microg/g bisphenol a or 2 microg/g estradiol benzoate from postnatal day 1 to 5 was examined after puberty as well as histolopathogic changes in reproductive organs. all male and female rats treated postnatally with estradiol benzoate showed poor reproductive capability, including adverse effects on masculine sexual behavior, and marked histopathologic alterations of the reproductive organs. in addition, estradiol benzoate ...	1999	10453915
in vitro and in vivo antagonism of pathogenic turfgrass fungi by streptomyces hygroscopicus strains yced9 and wye53.	disease prevention is a current practice used to minimize fungal diseases of turfgrasses in lawns and golf greens. prevention is accomplished through fungicide applications, and by periodic thatch removal. during the development of a microbial biodethatch product utilizing the lignocellulose-degrading streptomyces hygroscopicus strains yced9 and wye53, we demonstrated using in vitro plate antagonism bioassays that both strains are antagonists of various turfgrass fungal pathogens. these activiti ...	1999	10455494