Publications

characterization of telomeric regions from ustilago maydis.	the isolation of telomeres from the phytopathogenic fungus ustilago maydis is described. the telomeric repeat from the plant arabidopsis thaliana, tttaggg, cross-hybridizes to bal31-sensitive fragments of u. maydis dna and detects many or all of the u. maydis chromosomes separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). this telomeric repeat was used to screen a library enriched for chromosome ends. three clones were isolated which contained the tandemly repeated sequence ttaggg. this sequen ...	1994	8012578
heterologous expression of plant vacuolar pyrophosphatase in yeast demonstrates sufficiency of the substrate-binding subunit for proton transport.	the membrane bounding the vacuole of plant cells contains two electrogenic proton pumps. these are the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (ec 3.6.1.3), an enzyme common to all eukaryotes, and a vacuolar h(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (ec 3.6.1.1), which is ubiquitous in plants but otherwise known in only a few phototrophic bacteria. although the substrate-binding subunit of the vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase has been identified and purified and cdnas encoding it have been isolated and characterized, the mi ...	1994	8016125
the characterization of a mitochondrial acyl carrier protein isoform isolated from arabidopsis thaliana.	a cdna clone was isolated from an arabidopsis leaf cdna library that shared a high degree of protein sequence identity with mitochondrial acyl carrier proteins (mtacps) isolated from neurospora crassa and bovine heart muscle. the cdna encoded an 88-amino acid mature protein that was preceded by a putative 35-amino acid presequence. in vitro protein import studies have confirmed that the presequence specifically targets this protein into pea mitochondria but not into chloroplasts. these studies i ...	1994	8016262
a new, pathogen-inducible gene of arabidopsis is expressed in an ecotype-specific manner.	in this study we describe a novel gene, which was isolated in an attempt to search for specific plant resistance genes of arabidopsis against isolates of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the gene was cloned by differential screening of a genomic library of the xcc 750-resistant ecotype col-0, using cdna populations derived from ecotype col-0 and the xcc 750-susceptible ecotype oy-0. the isolated gene, cxc750, is differentially expressed in ecotypes of arabidop ...	1994	8018872
a ubiquitously expressed mads-box gene from nicotiana tabacum.	experiments in antirrinum majus, arabidopsis thaliana and petunia hybrida have demonstrated that putative transcription factors of the so-called mads-box family play an important role in determining floral organ identity. such regulatory genes are transiently expressed in small numbers of cells in the floral apex. here we describe the isolation of a cdna from nicotiana tabacum coding for a mads-box protein which is expressed in both the floral and vegetative organs of the plant.	1994	8018879
analysis of clones carrying repeated dna sequences in two yac libraries of arabidopsis thaliana dna.	yac clones carrying repeated dna sequences from the arabidopsis thaliana genome have been characterized in two widely used arabidopsis yac libraries, the eg library and the ew library. ribosomal, chloroplast and the paracentromeric repeat sequences are differentially represented in the two libraries. the coordinates of yac clones hybridizing to these sequences are given. a high proportion of eg yac clones were classified as containing chimaeric inserts because individual clones carried unique se ...	1994	8019591
differential regulation of an auxin-producing nitrilase gene family in arabidopsis thaliana.	nitrilases (nitrile aminohydrolase, ec 3.5.5.1) convert nitriles to carboxylic acids. we report the cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of four arabidopsis thaliana nitrilase genes (nit1-4), one of which was previously described [bartling, d., seedorf, m., mithöfer, a. & weiler, e. w. (1992) eur. j. biochem. 205, 417-424]. the nitrilase genes encode very similar proteins that hydrolyze indole-3-acetonitrile to the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid in vitro, and three of the four g ...	1994	8022831
identification of a light-responsive region of the nuclear gene encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana.	we report here the identification of a cis-acting region involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapb) encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. our results show that a 664-bp gapb promoter fragment is sufficient to confer light induction and organ-specific expression of the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (gus) in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. deletion analysis indicates that the -261 to ...	1994	8029358
heterospecific cloning of arabidopsis thaliana cdnas by direct complementation of pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae. i. cloning and sequence analysis of two cdnas catalysing the second, fifth and sixth steps of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library was used to complement saccharomyces cerevisiae pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants. mutants in all but one (carbamylphosphate synthetase) of the six steps in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway could be complemented. we report here the cloning, sequencing and computer analysis of two cdnas encoding the aspartate transcarbamylase (atcase; ec 2.1.3.2) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase-orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (oprtase-ompdecase; ec 2.4.2.10, ...	1994	8041358
isolation and characterization of the gene encoding 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase from saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the erg7 gene encoding oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase [(s)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol forming), ec 5.4.99.7] from saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned by genetic complementation of a cyclase-deficient erg7 strain. the dna sequence of this gene has been determined and found to contain an open reading frame of 2196 nt (including stop codon) that encodes a predicted protein of 731 amino acids. the predicted molecular mass of the s. cerevisiae cyclase, 83.4 kda, is similar ...	1994	8041797
cloning, sequence analysis and expression of the gene encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase in cryptococcus neoformans.	a cdna from cryptococcus neoformans, encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (igpd), was isolated by complementation of a his3 mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the c. neoformans his3 cdna encodes an approx. 22-kda protein with a high degree of amino-acid sequence similarity to igpds from ten other microorganisms, as well as arabidopsis thaliana. most striking are two conserved hhxxe regions and several conserved his, asp and glu residues. the cdna was engineered for expressio ...	1994	8045413
a cdna for adenylyl sulphate (aps)-kinase from arabidopsis thaliana.	a cdna clone with an open reading frame of 831 nucleotides was isolated from a lambda zapii-library of arabidopsis thaliana. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna is homologous to the aps-kinase genes from enterobacteria, diazotrophic bacteria, and yeast: escherichia coli (cys c: 53.2%), rhizobium meliloti (nod q: 52.6%), and saccharomyces cerevisiae (met 14:57.1%). the polypeptide deduced from the plant aps-kinase cdna is comprised of 276 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29,790. it ...	1994	8049272
isolation of a poplar and an arabidopsis thaliana dihydrodipicolinate synthase cdna clone.	a poplar dhdps cdna clone has been isolated by functional rescue of the dapa-deficient at997 mutant of escherichia coli. by sequence comparison between the poplar and maize dhdps cdnas, two oligonucleotides were designed to perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna. the pcr fragment was subsequently used to isolate an arabidopsis dhdps genomic and cdna clone.	1994	8049377
isolation of a cdna encoding a 70 kda heat-shock cognate protein expressed in vegetative tissues of arabidopsis thaliana.	a cdna encoding a 70 kda heat shock 'cognate' protein (hsc70) was isolated from arabidopsis thaliana by using a rat hsc70 cdna as probe. sequence analysis demonstrated the conservation of functional domains and important amino acid residues among hsc70s in plants and animals. the expression of this gene was stress-inducible, and was found at a substantial level during normal growth in root, stem, leaf and flower tissues, but not in siliques. multiple copies of this gene exist in the arabidopsis ...	1994	8049382
identification of molecular markers of embryogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana by promoter trapping.	the technique of promoter trapping has been exploited to identify markers of embryogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana. a population of transgenic a. thaliana was generated containing the promoter trap vector pdeltagusbin19, following agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. this vector contains at the t-dna left border, a promoterless gusa gene, which is activated following integration downstream of a native gene promoter that directs transgene transcription. screening of a population of ...	1994	8054995
cloning of a cdna encoding atp sulfurylase from arabidopsis thaliana by functional expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	atp sulfurylase, the first enzyme in the sulfate assimilation pathway of plants, catalyzes the formation of adenosine phosphosulfate from atp and sulfate. here we report the cloning of a cdna encoding atp sulfurylase (aps1) from arabidopsis thaliana. aps1 was isolated by its ability to alleviate the methionine requirement of an atp sulfurylase mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). expression of aps1 correlated with the presence of atp sulfurylase enzyme activity in cell extracts. ap ...	1994	8058839
effect of chitinase antisense rna expression on disease susceptibility of arabidopsis plants.	chitinases accumulate in higher plants upon pathogen attack are capable of hydrolyzing chitin-containing fungal cell walls and are thus implicated as part of the plant defense response to fungal pathogens. to evaluate the relative role of the predominate chitinase (class i, basic enzyme) of arabidopsis thaliana in disease resistance, transgenic arabidopsis plants were generated that expressed antisense rna to the class i chitinase. young plants or young leaves of some plants expressing antisense ...	1994	8061313
isolation of an arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase ii beta subunit by complementation in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	casein kinase ii is thought to play an essential role in the control of cell division and differentiation in all eukaryotes. through complementation of a defective casein kinase ii catalytic subunit gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated an arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase ii regulatory subunit homologue, ckb1. a second regulatory subunit was identified by low-stringency hybridization with ckb1. casein kinase ii from s. cerevisiae is composed of two catalytic (alpha) and two regulator ...	1994	8061317
isolation of a mrna encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase from tomato that is up-regulated by wounding.	a cdna clone (tab2) encoding a nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinase has been isolated from a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. ailsa craig) cdna library. the clone is 590 bp long and exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with spinach ndp kinases i and ii, pisum sativum ndp kinase i, arabidopsis thaliana ndp kinase, drosophila melanogaster ndp kinase, dictyostelium discoideum ndp kinase and human nm 23-h1 and nm23-h2. northern analysis has revealed that the mrna encoded by tab2 is up ...	1994	8061324
direct transfer of plasmid dna from intact yeast spheroplasts into plant protoplasts.	we developed a polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated direct dna transfer method from intact saccharomyces cerevisiae spheroplasts into arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. to monitor the dna transfer from yeast to plant cells, beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in which a plant intron was inserted was used as a reporter. this intron-gus reporter gene on a 2 microns-based plasmid vector was not expressed in yeast transformants, while it expressed gus activity when the plasmid dna was introduced int ...	1994	8061937
isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase from arabidopsis thaliana.	cdna clones encoding imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase (igpd; ec 4.2.1.19) from arabidopsis thaliana were isolated by complementation of a bacterial auxotroph. the predicted primary translation product shared significant identity with the corresponding sequences from bacteria and fungi. as in yeast, the plant enzyme is monofunctional, lacking the histidinol phosphatase activity present in the escherichia coli protein. igpd mrna was present in major organs at all developmental stages assayed ...	1994	8066131
sequencing and characterization of the kinesin-related genes katb and katc of arabidopsis thaliana.	complementary dnas of two kinesin-related genes, katb and katc, were isolated from arabidopsis thaliana and sequenced. the carboxyl-terminal regions of the polypeptides encoded by these genes, especially the presumptive atp-binding and microtubule-binding domains, share significant sequence homology with the mechanochemical motor domain of the kinesin heavy chain. the predicted secondary structures of katb and katc proteins include a large globular domain in the carboxyl-terminal region and a sm ...	1994	8075402
two genes that encode ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases are induced by drought and high-salt stresses in arabidopsis thaliana.	two cdna clones, catcdpk1 and catcdpk2, encoding ca(2+)-dependent, calmodulin-independent protein kinases (cdpk) were cloned from arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences were determined. northern blot analysis indicated that the mrnas corresponding to the atcdpk1 and atcdpk2 genes are rapidly induced by drought and high-salt stress but not by low-temperature stress or heat stress. treatment of arabidopsis plants with exogenous abscisic acid (aba) had no effect on the induction of atc ...	1994	8078458
differential expression of several e2-type ubiquitin carrier protein genes at different developmental stages in arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana sylvestris.	we characterized three genes encoding different e2-type ubiquitin carrier proteins involved in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway: ubcat3 shows homologies to the yeast cdc34 gene and ub-cat4a and ubcat4b are two different genes homologous to the ubc1/4/5 subfamily in yeast. their accumulation was analysed and compared with that of the different families encoding polyubiquitins, as well as the monoubiquitin fusion protein, which is considered as a marker for cell division, during various ...	1994	8078482
characterization of minisatellites in arabidopsis thaliana with sequence similarity to the human minisatellite core sequence.	a strategy based on random pcr amplification was used to isolate new repetitive elements of arabidopsis thaliana. one of the random pcr product analyzed by this approach contained a tandem repetitive minisatellite sequence composed of 33 bp repeated units. the genomic locus corresponding to this pcr product was isolated by screening a lambda genomic library. new related loci were also isolated from the genomic library by screening with a 14 mer oligonucleotide representing a region conserved amo ...	1994	8078766
isolation and characterization of two cdnas encoding for compartment specific isoforms of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase from arabidopsis thaliana.	cdnas encoding for two isoforms of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (oas-tl), which catalyzes the synthesis of cysteine, have been isolated from arabidopsis thaliana. secondary structure together with expression patterns derived during photomorphogenesis indicate cellular localizations in the cytosol and plastids, thus allowing a direct comparison of compartment-specific forms within one species. the cytosolic oas-tl complemented an e. coli auxotrophic mutant lacking cysteine synthesis. both isoform ...	1994	8082776
biochemical properties of the autophosphorylation of rlk5, a receptor-like protein kinase from arabidopsis thaliana.	the rlk5 gene of arabidopsis thaliana encodes a novel receptor-like protein kinase. dna sequence analysis suggests that the rlk5 protein contains an extracellular domain that has 21 tandemly repeated leucine-rich motifs linked, via a transmembrane hydrophobic region, to a protein kinase catalytic domain that is related to the serine/threonine family of protein kinases. to study the intrinsic biochemical properties of this protein kinase we have expressed the catalytic domain as two different rec ...	1994	8086440
identification of a human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that mediates the e6-ap-dependent ubiquitination of p53.	the e6 protein of the oncogenic human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 facilitates the rapid degradation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 via the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. the e6 protein binds to a cellular protein of 100 kda termed e6-ap. the complex of e6 and e6-ap specifically interacts with p53 and induces the ubiquitination of p53 in a reaction which requires the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1) and a cellular fraction thought to contain a mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enz ...	1994	8090726
isolation of phytoalexin-deficient mutants of arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of their interactions with bacterial pathogens.	a genetic approach was used to assess the extent to which a particular plant defense response, phytoalexin biosynthesis, contributes to arabidopsis thaliana resistance to pseudomonas syringae pathogens. the a. thaliana phytoalexin, camalexin, accumulated in response to infection by various p. syringae strains. no correlation between pathogen avirulence and camalexin accumulation was observed. a biochemical screen was used to isolate three mutants of a. thaliana ecotype columbia that were phytoal ...	1994	8090752
rps2 of arabidopsis thaliana: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes.	plant disease resistance genes function is highly specific pathogen recognition pathways. prs2 is a resistance gene of arabidopsis thaliana that confers resistance against pseudomonas syringae bacteria that express avirulence gene avrrpt2. rps2 was isolated by the use of a positional cloning strategy. the derived amino acid sequence of rps2 contains leucine-rich repeat, membrane-spanning, leucine zipper, and p loop domains. the function of the rps2 gene product in defense signal transduction is ...	1994	8091210
xenopus laevis ribosomal protein s11: cloning and sequencing of the cdna and primary structure of the protein.	we have cloned a xenopus laevis cdna coding for the 40s subunit cytoplasmic ribosomal protein s11. the nucleotide sequence was determined and the derived amino acid sequence reveals that the protein has 158 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 18,424 da. amino acid sequence comparison with the homologous counterparts from very diverse groups of organisms representing animals (human and rat), fungi (yeast) and plants (maize and arabidopsis thaliana), shows that this protein is v ...	1994	8093055
characterization of an arabidopsis calmodulin-like domain protein kinase purified from escherichia coli using an affinity sandwich technique.	a full-length cdna encoding a calcium-dependent protein kinase with a calmodulin-like domain from arabidopsis thaliana (ak-1 for arabidopsis kinase-1) has been expressed as a fusion protein (called ak-1-6h) in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity with high specific activity (typically 2000 nmol min-1 mg-1) using an "affinity sandwich" technique. ak-1-6h protein phosphorylation activity using histone as substrate was stimulated up to 50-fold by the addition of calcium alone or up to ...	1994	8117660
isolation of arabidopsis thaliana mutants hypersensitive to gamma radiation.	a screening method for mutants of arabidopsis thaliana hypersensitive to gamma-radiation has been devised. plants grown from ethyl methanesulfonate (ems)-treated seeds were irradiated at the seedling stage, which is highly radiosensitive due to extensive cell division. severe growth inhibition of mutant plants by a gamma-ray dose which only slightly affects wild-type plants was the selective criterion. twelve true-breeding hypersensitive lines were isolated from a total of 3394 screened plants. ...	1994	8028582
the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of ribosomal protein s26.	the nucleotide sequence of rps26, the gene encoding a homologue of ribosomal protein small subunit s26 in saccharomyces cerevisiae, was determined. the deduced amino-acid sequence showed significant identity with its counterparts from neurospora crassa, human, rat and arabidopsis thaliana. disruption of rps26 resulted in the formation of micro-colonies, suggesting that it is important for the normal cell growth of s. cerevisiae.	1994	7821815
arabidopsis thaliana expresses three divergent srp54 genes.	the arabidopsis thaliana srp54 gene family was determined to consist of three genes, all of which were cloned and sequenced. in addition, cdnas corresponding to two of the genes were obtained. to our knowledge this is the first description of multiple srp54 genes within an organism. in contrast to the situation in mammals, where there are only three amino acid differences between the mouse and canine sequences, there was significant amino acid sequence diversity among the genes, particularly in ...	1994	7824644
molecular genetics of the maize (zea mays l.) aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase gene family.	aspartate kinase (ak) and homoserine dehydrogenase (hsdh) are enzymes in the aspartate-derived amino acid biosynthetic pathway. recent biochemical evidence indicates that an ak-hsdh bifunctional enzyme exists in maize (zea mays l.). in this report, we characterize three genes that encode subunits of ak-hsdh. two cdnas, pakhsdh1 and pakhsdh2, containing the full-coding sequence, and one partial cdna, pakhsdh3, encode amino acid sequences similar to the reported monofunctional ak and hsdh enzymes ...	1994	7846152
the plasma membrane of arabidopsis thaliana contains a mercury-insensitive aquaporin that is a homolog of the tonoplast water channel protein tip.	plant cells contain proteins that are members of the major intrinsic protein (mip) family, an ancient family of membrane channel proteins characterized by six membrane-spanning domains and two asparagine-proline-alanine (npa) amino acid motifs in the two halves of the protein. we recently demonstrated that gamma-tip, one of the mip homologs found in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells, is an aquaporin or water channel protein (c. maurel, j. reizer, j.i. schroeder, m.j. chrispeels [1993] embo j ...	1994	7846153
molecular biology of sugar transporters of the plant plasma membrane.	plants possess highly efficient transport systems for organic substances such as monosaccharides and disaccharides. in many lower plants these transport systems can be used for heterotrophic growth in the absence of light. in higher plants which are a complex mosaic of autotrophic and heterotrophic cells, tissues and organs, they play an important role in the distribution of assimilated carbon amongst these various parts. genes and cdnas encoding transport proteins for mono-or disaccharides have ...	1994	7597640
the heterologous expression of h(+)-coupled transporters in xenopus oocytes.	the xenopus oocyte has become a convenient and robust system for the expression of many different animal transport proteins and it has now been demonstrated that oocytes can also translate, process and target plant membrane proteins. here we review the background to this expression system and discuss how it can be used to express plant transporters. a h+/hexose cotransporter (stp1) from arabidopsis thaliana has been successfully expressed in oocytes and further characterization has shown the tra ...	1994	7597641
why isoforms of the plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase?	the significance of different isoforms of the plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase is essentially unknown. at least some of the isoforms exhibit a tissue-specific and developmental pattern of expression. the three major isoforms of arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane h(+)-atpase have been expressed in a functional form in yeast internal membranes. the isoforms differ significantly from each other in several kinetic parameters. thus, the isoform diversity of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase might provid ...	1994	7597647
2.1 a resolution refined structure of a tata box-binding protein (tbp).	the three-dimensional structure of a tata box-binding protein (tbp2) from arabidopsis thaliana has been refined at 2.1 a resolution. tbps are general eukaryotic transcription factors that participate in initiation of rna synthesis by all three eukaryotic rna polymerases. the carboxy-terminal portion of tbp is a unique dna-binding motif/protein fold, adopting a highly symmetric alpha/beta structure that resembles a molecular saddle with two stirrup-like loops. a ten-stranded, antiparallel beta-sh ...	1994	7634102
targeting of the polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway to the plastids of arabidopsis thaliana results in high levels of polymer accumulation.	in the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus, three genes encode the enzymes necessary to catalyze the synthesis of poly[(r)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (phb) from acetyl-coa. in order to target these enzymes into the plastids of higher plants, the genes were modified by addition of dna fragments encoding a pea chloroplast transit peptide, a constitutive plant promoter, and a poly(a) addition sequence. each of the modified bacterial genes was introduced into arabidopsis thaliana by agrobacterium-mediated t ...	1994	7809117
characterisation of cdna and genomic clones encoding homologues of the 65 kda regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2a in arabidopsis thaliana.	two cdna species encoding sequences homologous to the 65 kda regulatory subunit (pr 65) of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) have been isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library. these were designated pdf1 and pdf2. pdf1 is 1795 bp long and by comparison with the human and porcine pp2a regulatory subunit sequences represents a full-length clone. it encodes a predicted polypeptide of 587 amino acid residues. pdf2 is truncated at the 5' end by 237 bp. the complete nucleotide sequences have bee ...	1994	7811971
the hermes transposable element from the house fly, musca domestica, is a short inverted repeat-type element of the hobo, ac, and tam3 (hat) element family.	the genome of the house fly, musca domestica, contains an active transposable element system, called hermes. using pcr and inverse pcr we amplified and sequenced overlapping segments of several hermes elements and from these data we have constructed a 2749 bp consensus hermes dna sequence. hermes termini are composed of 17 bp imperfect inverted repeats that are almost identical to the inverted terminal repeats of the hobo element of drosophila melanogaster. full length hermes elements contain a ...	1994	7813905
in planta transformation of arabidopsis thaliana.	transformants of arabidopsis thaliana can be generated without using tissue culture techniques by cutting primary and secondary inflorescence shoots at their bases and inoculating the wound sites with agrobacterium tumefaciens suspensions. after three successive inoculations, treated plants are grown to maturity, harvested and the progeny screened for transformants on a selective medium. we have investigated the reproducibility and the overall efficiency of this simple in planta transformation p ...	1994	7816046
gene density and organization in a small region of the arabidopsis thaliana genome.	we have characterized a 6.4 kb genomic fragment from arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia overlapping the 5' end of the akin10 gene which encodes a protein ser/thr kinase. using, as probes, various restriction fragments located upstream of akin10, two cdna clones have been isolated from a cdna library prepared from young shoot tissue. a comparison between the cdna and the above genomic sequences allowed us to locate two novel genes, atcys1 and athyp1 (for arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine gamm ...	1994	7816049
cloning of cdnas from arabidopsis thaliana that encode putative protein phosphatase 2c and a human dr1-like protein by transformation of a fission yeast mutant.	we characterized three arabidopsis thaliana cdna clones that could rescue the sterile phenotype of the schizosaccharomyces pombe pde1 mutant, which is defective in camp phosphodiesterase. the first clone had a coding capacity of 399 amino acids that is 35% identical with rat protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c). the second had a coding capacity of 159 amino acids that is 41% identical with human dr1. dr1 has been shown to interact with tata-binding protein (tbp) and block its ability to activate transc ...	1994	7816619
cloning of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna coding for farnesyl diphosphate synthase by functional complementation in yeast.	a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes c15 isoprenoid diphosphate from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, was cloned from an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library by complementation of a mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in this enzyme. the a. thaliana cdna was also able to complement the lethal phenotype of the erg20 deletion yeast mutant. as deduced from the full-length 1.22 kb cdna nucleotide sequence, the polypeptide contains 343 ...	1994	7858223
the arabidopsis thaliana apurinic endonuclease arp reduces human transcription factors fos and jun.	an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding an analogue, referred to as arp for apurinic endonuclease-redox protein, of the human redox factor ref has been cloned. arp stimulates in vitro dna-binding activity of the human transcription factor jun and fos by the reduction of a cysteine residue located in the dna-binding domain. based on amino acid sequence homology, this redox activity is probably confined to the small internal domain of the arp protein. in analogy to ref, we show that the arabidopsis ...	1994	7512729
two related low-temperature-inducible genes of arabidopsis encode proteins showing high homology to 14-3-3 proteins, a family of putative kinase regulators.	we have isolated two rare cold-inducible (rci1 and rci2) cdnas by screening a cdna library prepared from cold-acclimated etiolated seedlings of arabidopsis thaliana with a subtracted probe. rna-blot hybridizations revealed that the expression of both rci1 and rci2 genes is induced by low temperature independently of the plant organ or the developmental stage considered. however, rci1 mrna accumulates faster and at higher levels than the rci2 one indicating that these genes have differential resp ...	1994	7520301
characterization of some major identity elements in plant alanine and phenylalanine transfer rnas.	alanine and phenylalanine trna sequences were amplified by pcr from arabidopsis thaliana nuclear dna using degenerate oligonucleotides which introduced specific mutations into the acceptor stem. the aminoacylation of t7 rna polymerase transcripts of these sequences was investigated in vitro using partially purified bean alanyl- or phenylalanyl-trna synthetase. in parallel, the in vivo activity of amber suppressor derivatives of these trnas was investigated in transient expression assays in tobac ...	1994	7532029
a central role of salicylic acid in plant disease resistance.	transgenic tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana expressing the bacterial enzyme salicylate hydroxylase cannot accumulate salicylic acid (sa). this defect not only makes the plants unable to induce systemic acquired resistance, but also leads to increased susceptibility to viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens. the enhanced susceptibility extends even to host-pathogen combinations that would normally result in genetic resistance. therefore, sa accumulation is essential for expression of multiple mod ...	1994	17810266
the present status of higher plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens.	higher plants provide valuable genetic assay systems for screening and monitoring environmental pollutants. they are now recognized as excellent indicators of cytogenetic and mutagenic effects of environmental chemicals and are applicable for the detection of environmental mutagens both indoor and outdoor. comparisons between plant and nonplant genetic assay systems indicate that higher plant genetic assays have a high sensitivity (i.e. few false negatives). two assays which are considered ideal ...	1994	7523890
a novel method for regenerating plants from mesophyll protoplasts of arabidopsis thaliana line ws.	a procedure has been developed for the successful regeneration of plants from mesophyll protoplasts of arabidopsis thaliana line ws. the protocol is an improved version of that of damm and willmitzer (1988).the main changes in original procedure are as follows: (1) a mixture of cellulase y-c (0.5%) and pectolyase y-23 (0.05%) is used for the isolation of protoplasts. use of these enzymes reduces the incubation time to 50 min. (2) α-naphthaleneacetic acid is used as the auxin throughout cultures ...	1994	24192869
mapping of rflp and qualitative trait loci in brassica rapa and comparison to the linkage maps of b. napus, b. oleracea, and arabidopsis thaliana.	a linkage map of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) was constructed for oilseed, brassica rapa, using anonymous genomic dna and cdna clones from brassica and cloned genes from the crucifer arabidopsis thaliana. we also mapped genes controlling the simply inherited traits, yellow seeds, low seed erucic acid, and pubescence. the map included 139 rflp loci organized into ten linkage groups (lgs) and one small group covering 1785 cm. each of the three traits mapped to a single locus o ...	1994	24178100
the metabolism of gibberellin a20 to gibberellin a1 by tall and dwarf mutants of oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana.	the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the metabolism of gibberellin a20 (ga20) to gibberellin a1 (ga1) by tall and mutant shoots of rice (oryza sativa l.) and arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. the data show that the tall and dx mutant of rice and the tall and ga5 mutant of arabidopsis metabolize ga20 to ga1. the data also show that the dy mutant of rice and the ga4 mutant of arabidopsis block the metabolism of ga20 to ga1. [17-13c,3h]ga20 was fed to tall and the dwarf mutants, dx and dy, o ...	1994	12232414
the rhd6 mutation of arabidopsis thaliana alters root-hair initiation through an auxin- and ethylene-associated process.	root-hair initiation in arabidopsis thaliana provides a model for studying cell polarity and its role in plant morphogenesis. root hairs normally emerge at the apical end of root epidermal cells, implying that these cells are polarized. we have identified a mutant, rhd6, that displays three defects: (a) a reduction in the number of root hairs, (b) an overall basal shift in the site of root-hair emergence, and (c) a relatively high frequency of epidermal cells with multiple root hairs. these defe ...	1994	12232412
expression of the arabidopsis gene akr coincides with chloroplast development.	reduced expression of a nuclear gene of arabidopsis thaliana, akr, results in the formation of chlorotic plants due to a block in the proplastid-to-chloroplast development pathway (h. zhang, d.c. scheirer, w. fowle, h.m. goodman [1992] plant cell 4: 1575-1588). in an effort to discern the function of the akr gene product in chloroplast development, transgenic plants containing an akr::[beta]-glucuronidase gene fusion were constructed to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of akr expression ...	1994	12232406
inhibition of threonine dehydratase is herbicidal.	threonine dehydratase, the first enzyme in isoleucine biosynthesis, catalyzes deamination and dehydration of threonine to produce 2-ketobutyrate and ammonia. an antimetabolite, 2-(1-cyclohexen-3(r)-yl)-s-glycine (chg), inhibits the plant enzyme. chg inhibits the growth of black mexican sweet corn (zea mays) cells and of arabidopsis thaliana plants. the herbicidal effects of chg can be reversed by 2-ketobutyrate, other intermediates of isoleucine biosynthesis, and by isoleucine itself. these resu ...	1994	12232405
the axr2-1 mutation of arabidopsis thaliana is a gain-of-function mutation that disrupts an early step in auxin response.	the dominant axr2-1 mutation of arabidopsis thaliana confers resistance to the plant hormones auxin, ethylene, and abscisic acid. in addition, axr2-1 has pleiotropic effects on plant morphology which include gravitropic defects in roots, hypocotyls and inflorescences of axr2-1 plants. two genetic screens were conducted to isolate new mutations at the axr2 locus. first, axr2-1 pollen was gamma-irradiated, crossed onto wild-type plants, and the m1 progeny screened for loss of the axr2-1 phenotype. ...	1994	7896103
genetic analyses of signalling in flower development using arabidopsis.	flower development can be divided into four major steps: phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, formation of inflorescence meristem, formation and identity determination of floral organs, and growth and maturation of floral organs. intercellular and intracellular signalling mechanisms must have important roles in each step of flower development, because it requires cell division, cell growth, and cell differentiation in a concerted fashion. molecular genetic analysis of the pro ...	1994	7858195
erd15, a cdna for a dehydration-induced gene from arabidopsis thaliana.		1994	7846179
characterization of a dna topoisomerase ii cdna from arabidopsis thaliana.		1994	7846176
genomic sequence of a calnexin homolog from arabidopsis thaliana.	calnexin is a membrane-bound protein of the er in animal cells (wada et al., 1991). it shows considerable similarity to the major calcium-sequestering protein of the er lumen, calreticulin, with two calcium-binding regions--a high-affinity, low-capacity region in the er lumen and a low-affinity, high-capacity region in the cytoplasm. the protein is postulated to act as a calcium-regulated chaperone during protein maturation (ou et al., 1993). we have isolated a genomic sequence showing significa ...	1994	7846171
cloning of a temperature-regulated gene encoding a chloroplast omega-3 desaturase from arabidopsis thaliana.	previous genetic evidence suggested that the fad8 and fad7 genes of arabidopsis thaliana encode chloroplast membrane-associated omega-3 desaturases. a putative fad8 cdna was isolated by heterologous hybridization using a gene encoding an endoplasmic reticulum-localized omega-3 desaturase (fad3) as a probe. the cdna encodes a protein of 435 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 50,134 d. constitutive expression of the cdna in transgenic plants of a fad7 mutant resulted in genetic complemen ...	1994	7846164
metabolic regulation of the gene encoding glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase in arabidopsis thaliana.	here, we characterize a cdna encoding a glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase (asn1) from arabidopsis thaliana and assess the effects of metabolic regulation on asn1 mrna levels. sequence analysis shows that the predicted asn1 peptide contains a purf-type glutamine-binding domain. southern blot experiments and cdna clone analysis suggest that asn1 is the only gene encoding glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase in a. thaliana. the asn1 gene is expressed predominantly in shoot tissues, whe ...	1994	7846154
the ttg gene is required to specify epidermal cell fate and cell patterning in the arabidopsis root.	the control of cell fate was investigated in the root epidermis of arabidopsis thaliana. two distinct types of differentiated epidermal cells are normally present: root-hair-bearing cells and hairless cells. in wild-type arabidopsis roots, epidermal cell fate was found to be correlated with cell position, with root-hair cells located over radial walls between cortical cells, and with hairless cells located directly over cortical cells. this normal positional relationship was absent in ttg (trans ...	1994	7813791
qtl mapping of naturally-occurring variation in flowering time of arabidopsis thaliana.	a segregating f2 population of arabidopsis thaliana derived from a cross between the late-flowering ecotype hannover/münden (hm) and the early-flowering ectoype wassilewskija (ws) was analyzed for flowering time and other morphological traits. two unlinked quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting days to first flower (dff-a and dff-b) mapped to chromosome 5. qtls which affect node number (nn), leaf length at flowering (llf), and lead length at 35 days (ll35) also mapped to chromosome 5; llf-a, l ...	1994	7808406
analysis of tissue-specific expression of arabidopsis thaliana hsp90-family gene hsp81.	we have isolated three hsp90-family genes from arabidopsis: hsp81-1 which is heat-inducible, and hsp81-2 and -3 which are highly expressed under normal growth temperatures. northern blot analysis and rnase protection analysis, using gene specific probes, showed that hsp81-2 and -3 mrna were present in all tissues and abundant in roots, floral bud clusters, and flowers at 22 degrees c. a small amount of hsp81-1 mrna was detected only in roots. in situ hybridization and histochemical analysis usin ...	1994	7697294
molecular cloning and characterisation of a putative pectin methylesterase cdna in arabidopsis thaliana (l.).	pectin methylesterase (pme) is a cell wall enzyme that catalyses the de-esterification of pectins leading to fundamental changes which confer new properties to the micro-environment of each cell. in order to elucidate the meaning of pme-mediated changes of pectin in the time course of cell differentiation, we attempted to study the regulation of pme genes in arabidopsis thaliana. in this report, the first full cdna sequence showing sequence similarities with other pme genes characterised so far ...	1994	7982486
are there two dna methyltransferase gene families in plant cells? a new potential methyltransferase gene isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic library.		1994	7800511
interaction of a protein phosphatase with an arabidopsis serine-threonine receptor kinase.	a protein phosphatase was cloned that interacts with a serine-threonine receptor-like kinase, rlk5, from arabidopsis thaliana. the phosphatase, designated kapp (kinase-associated protein phosphatase), is composed of three domains: an amino-terminal signal anchor, a kinase interaction (ki) domain, and a type 2c protein phosphatase catalytic region. association of rlk5 with the ki domain is dependent on phosphorylation of rlk5 and can be abolished by dephosphorylation. kapp may function as a signa ...	1994	7973632
arc6, a fertile arabidopsis mutant with only two mesophyll cell chloroplasts.	a novel mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, arc6 (accumulation and replication of chloroplasts), has been isolated from a transfer dna-mutagenized population of arabidopsis seedlings. arc6 has the most extreme arc mutant phenotype we have yet described, with only one to three chloroplasts per leaf mesophyll cell compared to a mean of 83 in cells of the wild-type var wassilewskija. the chloroplasts of arc6 are 20-fold larger than wild-type chloroplasts.chloroplast division is almost certainly preclud ...	1994	12232400
"from seed-to-seed" experiment with wheat plants under space-flight conditions.	an important goal with plant experiments in microgravity is to achieve a complete life cycle, the "seed-to-seed experiment." some soviet attempts to reach this goal are described, notably an experiment with the tiny mustard, arabidopsis thaliana, in the phyton 3 device on salyut 7. normal seeds were produced although yields were reduced and development was delayed. several other experiments have shown abnormalities in plants grown in space. in recent work, plants of wheat (triticum aestivum) wer ...	1994	11540174
porphobilinogen deaminase is encoded by a single gene in arabidopsis thaliana and is targeted to the chloroplasts.	porphobilinogen deaminase (pbg deaminase) is an early enzyme of the pathway for chlorophyll and heme synthesis. using degenerate oligonucleotide primers, based on amino acid sequence data for purified pbg deaminase from pea, a fragment was amplified from arabidopsis genomic dna by pcr, and then used to isolate both a cdna and a genomic clone for pbg deaminase from arabidopsis. the cdna, shown to be full-length by primer extension, encodes a precursor protein of 382 residues, which can be importe ...	1994	8000000
haplotypic divergence coupled with lack of diversity at the arabidopsis thaliana alcohol dehydrogenase locus: roles for both balancing and directional selection?	we designate a region of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (adh) of the weedy crucifer, arabidopsis thaliana, as "hypervariable" on the basis of a comparison of sequences from ecotypes columbia and landsberg. we found eight synonymous and two replacement mutations in the first 262 nucleotides of exon 4, and an additional two mutations in the contiguous region of intron 3. the rest of the sequence (2611 bp) has just three mutations, all of them confined to noncoding regions. our survey of the hyper ...	1994	7851777
the fate of inflorescence meristems is controlled by developing fruits in arabidopsis.	the relationship between fruit development and the proliferative capacities of inflorescence meristems has been examined in arabidopsis thaliana. in the wild-type landsberg erecta (ler) line, flower production ceases coordinately on all inflorescence branches by a process we have designated global proliferative arrest (gpa). morphological studies indicate that gpa involves a cessation of proliferative activity at the meristems, but a retention of the structural characteristics of the proliferati ...	1994	7824655
cloning and sequencing of a novel serine/threonine protein kinase in arabidopsis thaliana.		1994	7824653
molecular cloning of the arabidopsis thaliana sedoheptulose-1,7-biphosphatase gene and expression studies in wheat and arabidopsis thaliana.	we report here the isolation and nucleotide sequence of genomic clones encoding the chloroplast enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (sbpase) from arabidopsis thaliana. the coding region of this gene contains eight exons (72-76 bp) and seven introns (75-91 bp) and encodes a polypeptide of 393 amino acids. unusually, the 5' non-coding region contains two additional aug codons upstream of the translation initiation codon. a comparison of the deduced arabidopsis and wheat sbpase polypeptide sequ ...	1994	7811976
molecular analysis of the myosin gene family in arabidopsis thaliana.	myosin is believed to act as the molecular motor for many actin-based motility processes in eukaryotes. it is becoming apparent that a single species may possess multiple myosin isoforms, and at least seven distinct classes of myosin have been identified from studies of animals, fungi, and protozoans. the complexity of the myosin heavy-chain gene family in higher plants was investigated by isolating and characterizing myosin genomic and cdna clones from arabidopsis thaliana. six myosin-like gene ...	1994	7811972
the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase from arabidopsis thaliana.	the nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone from arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia was determined, and the corresponding amino acid sequence deduced. the predicted sequence is highly homologous to those of members of the cyclophilin a-family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases. the tryptophan residue necessary for interaction with cyclosporin a is located at approximately the same position in the plant sequence as it is in mammalian sequences. the carboxy-terminus of the plant prolyl isomera ...	1994	7918654
olomoucine, an inhibitor of the cdc2/cdk2 kinases activity, blocks plant cells at the g1 to s and g2 to m cell cycle transitions.	the cdc2/cdk2 protein kinases play key roles in the cell cycle at two control points: the g1/s transition and the entry into mitosis. olomoucine, a specific inhibitor of these kinases, was tested in two plant cell systems: petunia mesophyll protoplasts induced to divide and arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures. the cell cycle status was analysed from dna histograms or through continuous labelling of cells with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (brdurd) followed by double staining with bis-benzimide ( ...	1994	7523194
arabidopsis assay for mutagenicity.	four laboratories, two in the czech republic (brno and prague) and two in the cis (moscow and duschanbe), participated in the international programme on chemical safety's (ipcs) collaborative study to evaluate the utility of the most commonly used plant test systems, including the arabidopsis thaliana assay, for assessing the mutagenic potential of environmental agents. out of the five compounds evaluated in the arabidopsis assay, three compounds, i.e., ethyl methanesulfonate, n-methyl-n-nitroso ...	1994	7523895
environmental monitoring for genotoxicity with plant systems. an introduction and study design.	under the sponsorship of the international programme on chemical safety (ipcs), 17 laboratories from diverse regions of the world participated in evaluating the utility of four plant bioassays for detecting genetic hazards of environmental chemicals. the bioassays included in this collaborative study were: arabidopsis thaliana embryo and chlorophyll assay and tradescantia stamen hair assay, tradescantia paludosa micronucleus assay and vicia faba root tip assay. four to six laboratories participa ...	1994	7523889
purification and partial characterisation of barley glutamyl-trna(glu) reductase, the enzyme that directs glutamate to chlorophyll biosynthesis.	5-aminolevulinic acid for chlorophyll synthesis in greening barley is formed from glutamate. one of the steps involved in the conversion of glutamate to 5-aminolevulinic acid involves a reduction of glutamyl-trna(glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde and trna(glu). an enzyme catalysing this reduction was purified from the stroma of greening barley chloroplasts. an approximately 270-kda protein composed of 54-kda identical subunits was identified as the barley glutamyl-trna(glu) reductase after purifi ...	1994	7957167
high-oleate oilseeds fail to develop at low temperature.	the fad2 mutants of arabidopsis thaliana are deficient in activity of the endoplasmic reticulum oleate desaturase that is the main enzyme responsible for polyunsaturated lipid synthesis in developing seeds of oil crops. a comparison of wild-type and fad2 seeds developing on heterozygous (fad2/-) plants was used as a model for genetically engineered high-oleate oilseeds of species such as soybean and canola. when fad2 seeds developed at normal temperatures (22[deg]c), they showed high viability c ...	1994	12232339
initial approach to comparative studies on the evolutionary potentials of space radiation effects in a plant system.	the role of cosmic ionizing radiation, including heavy ions (hze-particles) in the induction of mutations at the molecule-, chromosome-, genome- and cell-level is discussed on the basis of different dna organization in a pro- and eukaryotically compartmented plant system (arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh.). data recently obtained on the biological effects of ionizing radiation make it timely to discuss comparatively the evolutionary potentials of space radiation effects in the pro- and eukaryotic ...	1994	11539973
biophysical effect of cosmic heavy ions of distinct let-classes in a plant model system.	results presented from recent space flight bion 9 show biological effects of different let-classes of hze-particles in different target regions of the seed (meristem and the whole embryo) of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heyhn. hze-one hit events and non-hit events, i.e. only hit by the low-let background radiation, and their combined effects on the biological damage endpoint lethality are distinguished. this procedure is opening the opportunity of an approach to comparative studies of the biologica ...	1994	11539938
a third highly conserved group 1 lea gene from arabidopsis thaliana l.		1994	7991691
molecular characterization of a beta-type proteasome subunit from arabidopsis thaliana co-expressed at a high level with an alpha-type proteasome subunit early in the cell cycle.	proteasomes are the essential components of complexes involved in an extralysosomal energy- and ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. the first alpha-type proteasome subunit in plants has recently been described. in this work, the sequence of the first beta-type proteasome subunit in plants, isolated from arabidopsis thaliana cdna libraries is reported. the mrna accumulation of both subunits was analysed and compared with those of the ubiquitin and histone mrnas, in different tissues and duri ...	1994	7987412
arabidopsis thaliana, a plant drosophila.	arabidopsis thaliana is a small cruciferous weed which grows naturally, mainly in europe. because of its qualities of small size, rapid growth, low chromosome number and self-fertilisation, i adapted it to aseptic growth in purified agar in sterile test-tubes. i found that it secreted various substances into the medium, but not in type or amount likely to interfere with the expression of biosynthetic mutants. following x-irradiation of seed, i obtained a number of mutants, including several leth ...	1994	7980483
embryogenic transformation of the suspensor in twin, a polyembryonic mutant of arabidopsis.	spontaneous twinning is a widespread but infrequent phenomenon in higher plants. we describe here a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, twin, that yields an unusually high frequency of viable twin and occasional triplet seedlings. supernumerary embryos of twin arise through a novel mechanism: transformation of cells within the suspensor, a differentiated structure established early in embryogenesis. twin embryos develop in tandem within the seed, connected by intact segments of the suspensor. transf ...	1994	7958422
two amidophosphoribosyltransferase genes of arabidopsis thaliana expressed in different organs.	amidophosphoribosyltransferase (atase: ec 2.4.2.14) is a key enzyme in the pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. we have identified several cdna clones whose amino acid sequences exhibit similarity with the known atases in a cdna library of young floral buds of arabidopsis thaliana. the cdna clones are derived from two genes homologous with each other. these cdnas represent the first plant representatives of atase gene. structural comparison with atases of other organisms has revealed that ...	1994	7948903
molecular characterization of a fourth isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2a from arabidopsis thaliana.	we have recently reported the existence of multiple isoforms of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) in arabidopsis thaliana and the molecular cloning of cdnas encoding three of these proteins (pp2a-1, pp2a-2, pp2a-3). the reported cdna encoding pp2a-3 was truncated at the 5' terminus, lacking a short fragment of the n-terminal coding sequence. we have now isolated a near full-length cdna encoding the entire pp2a-3 protein (313 residues). the clone includes 188 nucleotides of 5 ...	1994	7948902
floral expression of a gene encoding an e2-related ubiquitin-conjugating protein from arabidopsis thaliana.	an arabidopsis thaliana gene (ubc6) encoding a homologue to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes has been isolated which is capable of encoding a protein of 183 amino acids of ca. 21 kda. northern analysis indicates that the gene is expressed in flowers, seeds and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in 10-day seedlings but not in mature leaves, callus and pre-flowering plants. this pattern of expression is confirmed using transgenic arabidopsis plants containing a ubc6 promoter-gus gene fusion construct. the ...	1994	7948890
molecular analysis of two ypt/rab-related sequences isolated from soybean (glycine max) dna libraries.	from nodule and seedling cdna libraries we isolated cdna copies of two mrnas, derived from the genes gmr1 and gmr2, encoding members of the ypt/rab family of small gtp-binding proteins. two deduced protein products, gmr1 and gmr2, were found to be nearly identical differing by only four amino acids in the analysed parts. the two putative proteins are 79% identical to the previously described ara small gtpase from arabidopsis thaliana. the gmr proteins may thus be the counterpart of the ara prote ...	1994	7948868
expression patterns of novel genes encoding homeodomain leucine-zipper proteins in arabidopsis thaliana.	a recently discovered class of genes in arabidopsis thaliana encode putative transcription factors which contain a homeodomain closely linked to a leucine zipper motif. we have previously reported on the cloning and cdna sequence of one gene of this class, athb-3. in this article we show this gene to be expressed predominantly in the cortex of the root and the stem. using the athb-3 clone as a probe we have isolated cdna clones corresponding to three novel homeodomain-leucine zipper proteins. th ...	1994	7948864
characterization and differential expression of dhn/lea/rab-like genes during cold acclimation and drought stress in arabidopsis thaliana.	we have characterized cdnas for two new dhn/lea/rab (dehydrin, late embryogenesis-abundant, responsive to aba)-related genes from arabidopsis thaliana. the two genes were strongly induced in plants exposed to low temperature (4 degrees c) and were accordingly designated lti45 and lti30 (low temperature-induced). the lti45 gene product contains the conserved serine stretch and three lysine-rich repeats characteristic of dhn/lea/rab proteins and is very similar to another low temperature-responsiv ...	1994	7948863
a new type of rna editing. 5s ribosomal dna transcripts are edited to mature 5s rrna.	the primary structure of the 5s rrna from arabidopsis thaliana was determined. a comparison of this nucleotide sequence with that of 5s rrna gene showed two differences. furthermore, we compared all plant 5s rrna and 5s rdna sequences known to date and found that lack of colinearity is widespread among higher plant 5s rrnas and occurred mainly in the double stranded regions. to explain this, we suggest a mechanism which converts putative products of pseudogene ("cryptogene") to mature 5s rrna mo ...	1994	7833821
comparative mapping of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica oleracea chromosomes reveals islands of conserved organization.	the chromosomes of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica oleracea have been extensively rearranged since the divergence of these species; however, conserved regions are evident. eleven regions of conserved organization were detected, ranging from 3.7 to 49.6 cm in a. thaliana, spanning 158.2 cm (24.6%) of the a. thaliana genome, and 245 cm (29.9%) of the b. oleracea genome. at least 17 translocations and 9 inversions distinguish the genomes of a. thaliana and b. oleracea. in one case b. oleracea hom ...	1994	7828831