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evaluation of source leaf responses to water-deficit stresses in cotton using a novel stress bioassay.water-deficit stresses preferentially reduce shoot growth, thereby disrupting the flow of carbohydrates from source leaves to the developing sinks. here, we use a novel stress bioassay to dissect responses of field and greenhouse-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum) source leaves to water-deficit stresses. fifth main stem leaf samples were harvested at sunrise and subjected to a prolonged elevated respiratory demand in the dark. sucrose levels are lower in nonstressed cotton at sunrise compared to ...200717071650
molecular characterization of a transient expression gene encoding for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).ethylene performs an important function in plant growth and development. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase (acs), the key enzyme involved in ethylene biosynthesis, has been the focus of most ethylene studies. here, a cotton acs gene referred to as gossypium hirsutum acs1 (ghacs1), was isolated. the full-length cdna of ghacs1 encodes for a 476-amino acid protein which harbors seven conserved regions, 11 invariant amino acid residues, and the plp binding active site, all of which ch ...200717927914
molecular markers linked to the rf2 fertility restorer gene in cotton.cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is a maternally inherited trait in which plants do not produce viable pollen. fertility in plants with cms can be recovered by nuclear restorer genes. most restorer genes cloned so far are members of the pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) protein family. the objective of our study was to use the cms-d8 and restoration (rf2) system of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to develop more dna markers for the rf2 gene. in a backcross population with 112 plants, segregation of ...200717893722
enhanced degradation of atrazine under field conditions correlates with a loss of weed control in the glasshouse.enhanced degradation of atrazine has been reported in the literature, indicating the potential for reduced residual weed control with this herbicide. experiments were conducted to determine the field dissipation of atrazine in three cropping systems: continuous zea mays l. (cc) receiving atrazine applications each year, gossypium hirsutum l.-z. mays rotation (ccr) receiving applications of atrazine once every 2 years and a no atrazine history soil (nah). subsequent laboratory and greenhouse expe ...200717115404
molecular characterization and expression analysis of nine cotton ghef1a genes encoding translation elongation factor 1a.the translation elongation factor 1a, eef1a, plays an important role in protein synthesis, catalyzing the binding of aminoacyl-trna to the a-site of the ribosome by a gtp-dependent mechanism. to investigate the role of eef1a for protein synthesis in cotton fiber development, nine different cdna clones encoding eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1a were isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cdna libraries. the isolated genes (cdnas) were designated cotton elongation factor 1a gene ...200717107762
ethylene induced cotton leaf abscission is associated with higher expression of cellulase (ghcel1) and increased activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes in abscission zone.ethylene induced cotton (gossypium hirsutum var rst-39) leaf abscission has been characterized by measuring the activities of acc synthase (acs, e.c. 4.4.1.14), acc oxidase (aco, e.c. 1.14.17.4) and cellulase (e.c. 3.2.1.4). in addition, a leaf abscission specific cdna (ghcel1) has been cloned from cotton, which belongs to the alpha(2) subgroup of cellulases that possess a c-terminus carbohydrate-binding domain. measurement of enzyme activity in the abscission zones of cotton leaf explants expos ...200817964177
the crystal structure of calcium-bound annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum and its implications for membrane binding mechanisms of plant annexins.plant annexins show distinct differences in comparison with their animal orthologues. in particular, the endonexin sequence, which is responsible for coordination of calcium ions in type ii binding sites, is only partially conserved in plant annexins. the crystal structure of calcium-bound cotton annexin gh1 was solved at 2.5 a resolution and shows three metal ions coordinated in the first and fourth repeat in types ii and iii binding sites. although the protein has no detectable affinity for ca ...200818441010
a majority of cotton genes are expressed in single-celled fiber.multicellular eukaryotes contain a diversity of cell types, presumably differing from one another in the suite of genes expressed during development. at present, little is known about the proportion of the genome transcribed in most cell types, nor the degree to which global patterns of expression change during cellular differentiation. to address these questions in a model plant system, we studied the unique and highly exaggerated single-celled, epidermal seed trichomes ("cotton") of cultivated ...200817849148
novel cotton homeobox gene and its expression profiling in root development and in response to stresses and phytohormones.homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) proteins are transcriptional factors involved in plant development. in this study, one cdna clone (gossypium hirsutum homeobox1, designated ghhb1) encoding hd-zip protein was isolated from a cotton root cdna library. the ghhb1 cdna is 1132 bp in length, including an 828 bp open reading frame that encodes a peptide with 275 amino acids, and 5'/3'untranslated regions. the predicted ghhb1 protein containing a homeodomain and a leucine-rich zipper motif shares rel ...200818180856
characterization and expression analysis of terminal flower1 homologs from cultivated alloteraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and its diploid progenitors.the seasonal cycle and persistence of a plant is governed by a combination of the determinate or indeterminate status of shoot and root apical meristems. a perennial plant is one in which the apical meristem of at least one of its shoot axes remains indeterminate beyond the first growth season. terminal flower1 (tfl1) genes play important roles in regulating flowering time, the fate of inflorescence meristem and perenniality. to investigate the role of tfl1-like genes in the determination of the ...200818171595
comparative analysis of gene expression between cms-d8 restored plants and normal non-restoring fertile plants in cotton by differential display.cms-d8 and its restorer were developed by introducing the cytoplasm and nuclear gene rf (2) from the wild diploid gossypium trilobum (d8) into the cultivated tetraploid upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). no information is available on how the rf (2) gene interacts with cms-associated genes and how cms-d8 cytoplasm affects nuclear gene expression. the objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in anther tissues between the non-restoring fertile maintainer ark8518 (rf( ...200818080126
quantitative real-time pcr assay to detect transgene copy number in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).a taqman quantitative real-time pcr detection system was developed to examine transgene copy number in cotton. ghubc1, a gene validated to be present as a single copy per haploid gossypium hirsutum genome, was used as the endogenous reference to estimate copy number of gfp and selection marker nptii in 28 t0 plants. this system was found to be more accurate than genomic southern blot hybridization and could effectively tell homozygotes from heterozygotes in a t1 transgenic cotton population. the ...200818078801
environmental effects on oxygen isotope enrichment of leaf water in cotton leaves.the oxygen isotope enrichment of bulk leaf water (delta(b)) was measured in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) leaves to test the craig-gordon and farquhar-gan models under different environmental conditions. delta(b) increased with increasing leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (vpd) as an overall result of the responses to the ratio of ambient to intercellular vapor pressures (e(a)/e(i)) and to stomatal conductance (g(s)). the oxygen isotope enrichment of lamina water relative to source water (delt ...200818065567
response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) grown during the onset of water limitation was studied by gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to better understand the adaptation mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus to drought conditions. for this, cotton was grown in the field in central asia under well-irrigated and moderately drought-stressed conditions. the light and co(2) responses of photosynthesis (a(g)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and various ch ...200818053735
molecular cloning, expression profile and promoter analysis of a novel ethylene responsive transcription factor gene gherf4 from cotton (gossypium hirstum).ethylene-responsive element binding factors (erfs) are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have been linked to stress responses. a novel erf gene, designated gherf4, was isolated by race-pcr from gossypium hirsutum. the gherf4 cdna has a total length of 1061bp with an open reading frame of 669bp, encoding a protein of 222 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23.5kda and a calculated pi of 9.03. sequence alignment shows that gherf4 contains a 58 amino acid long ap2/erf domain an ...200818035549
mapping and quantitative trait loci analysis of verticillium wilt resistance genes in cotton.verticillium wilt is one of the most serious constraints to cotton production in almost all of the cotton-growing countries. in this study, "xinluzao1" (xlz1), a susceptible cultivar gossypium hirsutum l. and "hai7124" (h7124), a resistant line g. barbadense, and their f(2:3) families were used to map and study the disease index induced by verticillium wilt. a total of 430 ssr loci were mapped into 41 linkage groups; the map spanned 3,745.9 cm and the average distance between adjacent loci was 8 ...200818713439
silicon carbide whisker-mediated embryogenic callus transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and regeneration of salt tolerant plants.a silicon carbide whisker-mediated gene transfer system with recovery of fertile and stable transformants was developed for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cv. coker-312. two-month-old hypocotyl-derived embryogenic/non-embryogenic calli at different days after subculture were treated with silicon carbide whiskers for 2 min in order to deliver pgreen0029 encoding gus gene and prg229 avp1 gene, encoding arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase, having neomycin phosphotransferaseii (nptii) genes as plan ...200818663608
low temperature and light regulate delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (fad2) at a transcriptional level in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).lipid modifying enzymes play a key role in the development of cold stress tolerance in cold-resistant plants such as cereals. however, little is known about the role of the endogenous enzymes in cold-sensitive species such as cotton. delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (fad2), known to participate in adaptation to low temperatures through acyl chain modifications were used in gene expression studies in order to identify parameters of plant response to low temperatures. the induction of microsomal de ...200818453533
characterization and expression of plasma and tonoplast membrane aquaporins in elongating cotton fibers.cotton fiber (gossypium hirsutum l. and g. barbadense l.) is a good model for studies of plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis. aquaporins are ancient membrane channel proteins that facilitate the permeation of water across biological membranes. we studied ghpip1-2, encoding plasma membrane intrinsic protein, and ghgammatip1, encoding tonoplast intrinsic protein, during cotton fiber development. the full-length cdnas of ghpip1-2 and ghgammatip1 were obtained through 5' race. the deduced ...200818392624
increased terpenoid accumulation in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) foliage is a general wound response.the subepidermal pigment glands of cotton accumulate a variety of terpenoid products, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and terpenoid aldehydes that can act as feeding deterrents against a number of insect herbivore species. we compared the effect of herbivory by spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, mechanical damage by a fabric pattern wheel, and the application of jasmonic acid on levels of the major representatives of the three structural classes of terpenoids in the leaf foliage of 4-we ...200818386096
isolation and structural characterization of a novel oligosaccharide from the rhamnogalacturonan of gossypium hirsutum l.an alkali extract of cell walls of gossypium hirsutum l. was sequentially digested by endo-polygalacturonase (ec 3.2.1.15), arabinofuranosidase an1571.2 (ec 3.2.1.55), endo-arabinase (ec 3.2.1.99), and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase an9314.2 (ec 3.2.1.15). the rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase-generated oligosaccharides were separated by ultrafiltration, size-exclusion, and anion exchange chromatography. fractions from the anion exchange chromatography were pooled, lyophilized, and screened by maldi-to ...200818353294
the ascorbate peroxidase regulated by h(2)o(2) and ethylene is involved in cotton fiber cell elongation by modulating ros homeostasis.ascorbate peroxidase (apx) is a reactive oxygen species (ross) scavenging enzyme involved in regulation of intracellular ros levels by reduction of h(2)o(2) to water using ascorbate as an electron donor. in new phytologist 2007; 175:462-71, we identified a cotton cytosolic apx1 (ghapx1) that was significantly accumulated during the fast fiber-cell elongation period, through a proteomics approach. both the transcript levels of ghapx1 and the total apx activity were highly induced in response to i ...200819704716
analysis of genetic effects of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction on quantitative traits: genetic models for seed traits of plants.two genetic models (an embryo model and an endosperm model) were proposed for analyzing genetic effects of nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genes, maternal genes, and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction (nci) as well as their genotype by environment interaction for quantitative traits of plant seed. in these models, the nci effects were partitioned into direct additive and dominance nci components. mixed linear model approaches were employed for statistical analysis. for both balanced and unbalanced diall ...200818283427
integrating soil conservation practices and glyphosate-resistant crops: impacts on soil.conservation practices often associated with glyphosate-resistant crops, e.g. limited tillage and crop cover, improve soil conditions, but only limited research has evaluated their effects on soil in combination with glyphosate-resistant crops. it is assumed that conservation practices have similar benefits to soil whether or not glyphosate-resistant crops are used. this paper reviews the impact on soil of conservation practices and glyphosate-resistant crops, and presents data from a mississipp ...200818275105
involvement of extracellular cu/zn superoxide dismutase in cotton fiber primary and secondary cell wall biosynthesis.extracellular cu/zn superoxide dismutases (csds) that catalyze the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide have been suggested to be involved in lignification of secondary walls in spinach, pine and aspen. in cotton fibers, hydrogen peroxide was proposed to be involved in the induction of secondary cell wall biosynthesis. recently, we identified extracellular csds from developing cotton fibers using both immunological and epitope tagging techniques. since cotton fibers are not lignified, w ...200819704453
devitalization of transgenic seed that preserves dna and protein integrity.agricultural biotechnology companies have been asked to provide intact transgenic seed to regulatory agencies as reference materials for evaluating transgene and protein detection methods (pcr and immunoassay). due to intellectual-property and product-stewardship considerations, submission of devitalized seed prior to regulatory approval is preferable in any given country. commonly used devitalization procedures, such as heating or autoclaving, degrade the protein and/or dna rendering the seed u ...200819183799
molecular diversity and association mapping of fiber quality traits in exotic g. hirsutum l. germplasm.the narrow genetic base of cultivated cotton germplasm is hindering the cotton productivity worldwide. although potential genetic diversity exists in gossypium genus, it is largely 'underutilized' due to photoperiodism and the lack of innovative tools to overcome such challenges. the application of linkage disequilibrium (ld)-based association mapping is an alternative powerful molecular tool to dissect and exploit the natural genetic diversity conserved within cotton germplasm collections, grea ...200818801424
nectar feeding by wandering spiders on cotton plants.spiders are assumed to be strictly carnivorous in assessments of their nutritional and energetic requirements, their habitat preferences, and their potential as biological control agents. however, members of salticidae (jumping spiders), thomisidae (crab spiders), and the fast-moving miturgidae, anyphaenidae, and corinnidae, all non-webbuilding wandering spiders, have been observed at floral and extrafloral nectaries of plants, presumably feeding on nectar. to test spiders in the field for necta ...200818801266
gene-rich islands for fiber development in the cotton genome.cotton fiber is an economically important seed trichome and the world's leading natural fiber used in the manufacture of textiles. as a step toward elucidating the genomic organization and distribution of gene networks responsible for cotton fiber development, we investigated the distribution of fiber genes in the cotton genome. results revealed the presence of gene-rich islands for fiber genes with a biased distribution in the tetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genome that was also linke ...200818619771
qtl mapping of yield and fiber traits based on a four-way cross population in gossypium hirsutum l.four-way cross (4wc) involving four different inbred lines frequently appears in the cotton breeding programs. however, linkage analysis and quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping with molecular markers in cotton has largely been applied to populations derived from a cross between two inbred lines, and few results of qtl dissection were conducted in a 4wc population. in this study, an attempt was made to construct a linkage map and identify qtl for yield and fiber quality traits in 4wc derived fr ...200818604518
a preliminary analysis of genome structure and composition in gossypium hirsutum.upland cotton has the highest yield, and accounts for > 95% of world cotton production. decoding upland cotton genomes will undoubtedly provide the ultimate reference and resource for structural, functional, and evolutionary studies of the species. here, we employed genetrek and bac tagging information approaches to predict the general composition and structure of the allotetraploid cotton genome.200818590573
atg-anchored aflp (atg-aflp) analysis in cotton.amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) marker system has had broad applications in biology. however, the anonymous aflp markers are mainly amplified from non-coding regions, limiting their usefulness as a functional marker system. to take advantages of the traditional aflp techniques, we propose substitution of a restriction enzyme that recognizes a restriction site containing atg, called atg-anchored aflp (atg-aflp) analysis. in this study, we chose nsii (recognizing atgcat) to replace e ...200818584177
chilling stress response of postemergent cotton seedlings.early season development of cotton is often impaired by sudden episodes of chilling temperature. we determined the chilling response specific to postemergent 13-day-old cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. coker 100a-glandless) seedlings. seedlings were gradually chilled during the dark period and rewarmed during the night-to-day transition. for some chilled plants, the soil temperature was maintained at control level. plant growth, water relations and net photosynthesis (p(n)) were analyzed after ...200818573190
molecular cloning and characterization of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene, a fiber strength-associated gene in cotton.an expressed sequence tag encoding glutamine synthetase (gs) was identified by microarray-based hybridization using fiber mrnas of allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum, 7235, a super quality property germplasm line, and tm-1, a genetic standard in g. hirsutum. northern-blot analysis verified transcript accumulation differences in 8 dpa fibers (including ovules) in the two varieties. the full-length cdna encoding gs in 7235 was isolated and named ghgs. sequence analysis revealed that the ghgs was si ...200818560885
characteristics and analysis of simple sequence repeats in the cotton genome based on a linkage map constructed from a bc1 population between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense.in the past decade, several molecular maps of cotton have been constructed using diverse dna molecular markers and mapping populations. in this study, an interspecific linkage map of allotetraploid cotton was developed using a bc1 population ((gossypium hirsutum x g. barbadense) x g. hirsutum). this map was genome-wide and was based entirely on simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. forty-four linkage groups were assigned to 26 chromosomes, with 917 loci spanning 5452.2 cm of the genome. the aver ...200818545277
characterization of 19 novel cotton fla genes and their expression profiling in fiber development and in response to phytohormones and salt stress.fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), are usually involved in cell development in plants. to investigate the expression profiling as well as the role of fla genes in fiber development, 19 ghfla genes (cdnas) were isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum). among them, 15 are predicted to be glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored to the plasma membranes. the isolated cotton flas could be divided into four groups. real-time quantitative revers ...200818507812
detection of somaclonal variation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) using cytogenetics, flow cytometry and molecular markers.two protocols of plant regeneration for cotton were adopted in this study, namely, 2, 4-d and kinetin hormone combination and iba and kinetin hormone combination. twenty-eight embryogenic cell lines via somatic embryogenesis and 67 regenerated plants from these embryogenic calli were selected and used for random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), simple sequence repeat (ssr), chromosomal number counting, and flow cytometric analysis. the roles of rapd and ssr markers in detecting somaclonal varia ...200818504587
urease from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seeds: isolation, physicochemical characterization, and antifungal properties of the protein.ureases (ec 3.5.1.5) are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze urea to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide these enzymes, which are found in fungi, bacteria, and plants, show very similar structures. despite an abundance of urease in vegetal tissues, the physiological role of this enzyme in plants is still poorly understood. it has been previously described that ureases from the legumes jackbean ( canavalia ensiformis) and soybean ( glycine max) have insecticidal activity and antifungal properties. this ...200818494485
cotton plant, gossypium hirsutum l., defense in response to nitrogen fertilization.plants respond to insect herbivory by producing dynamic changes in an array of defense-related volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites. a scaled response relative to herbivory levels and nutrient availability would be adaptive, particularly under nutrient-limited conditions, in minimizing the costs of expressed defensive pathways and synthesis. in this study, we investigated effects of varying nitrogen (n) fertilization (42, 112, 196, and 280 ppm n) on levels of cotton plant (gossypium hi ...200819020938
[cotton fiber quality traits were controlled mainly by maternal plant genotype].hai1, a gossypium barbadense l. variety with super fiber quality, and ccri36 and zhong221, two upland cotton cultivars (gossypium hirsutum l.), were used as recurrent parents to develop two backcross combinations of ccri36xhai1 and zhong221xhai1. fiber quality of inter-crossing bolls and self-crossing bolls were analyzed from different generations of the two combinations. the results showed that there existed significant difference in the average value, pole difference and cv% of fiber quality t ...200819073557
identification of differentially expressed genes associated with cotton fiber development in a chromosomal substitution line (cs-b22sh).one of the impediments in the genetic improvement of cotton fiber is the paucity of information about genes associated with fiber development. availability of chromosome arm substitution line cs-b22sh (chromosome 22 short arm substitution from 3-79 (gossypium barbadense) into a tm-1 (gossypium hirsutum) background) provides a novel opportunity to study fiber-associated genes because previous studies revealed this line was associated with some superior fiber quality traits compared to tm-1. we us ...200818043952
overexpression of an h+-ppase gene from thellungiella halophila in cotton enhances salt tolerance and improves growth and photosynthetic performance.salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. an h(+)-ppase gene, tsvp from thellungiella halophila, was transferred into cotton (gossypium hirsutum) in sense and antisense orientations under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. southern and northern blotting analysis showed that the sense or antisense tsvp were integrated into the cotton genome and expressed. transgenic plants overexpressing the vacuolar h(+)-ppase were much m ...200818550626
alternate row placement is ineffective for cultural control of meloidogyne incognita in cotton.the objective of this study was to determine if planting cotton into the space between the previous year's rows reduces crop loss due to meloidogyne incognita compared to planting in the same row every year. row placement had a significant (p </= 0.05) effect on nematode population levels only on 8 july 2005. plots receiving 1,3-dichloropropene plus aldicarb had lower nematode population levels than non-fumigated plots on 24 may and 8 july in 2005, but not in 2004. the effect of nematicide treat ...200819440259
plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions in cotton, gossypium hirsutum: linking belowground and aboveground.most studies on plant-herbivore interactions focus on either root or shoot herbivory in isolation, but above- and belowground herbivores may interact on a shared host plant. cotton (gossypium spp.) produces gossypol and a variety of other gossypol-like terpenoids that exhibit toxicity to a wide range of herbivores and pathogens. cotton plants also can emit herbivore-induced volatile compounds at the site of damage and systemically on all tissues above the site of damage. as these volatile compou ...200818709506
the r2r3 myb transcription factor ghmyb109 is required for cotton fiber development.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers are single highly elongated cells derived from the outer epidermis of ovules. a large number of genes are required for fiber differentiation and development, but so far, little is known about how these genes control and regulate the process of fiber development. here we examine the role of the cotton-fiber-specific r2r3 myb gene ghmyb109 in cotton fiber development. transgenic reporter gene analysis revealed that a 2-kb ghmyb109 promoter was sufficient to co ...200818780729
cu/zn superoxide dismutases in developing cotton fibers: evidence for an extracellular form.hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules in diverse physiological processes. previously, we discovered superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in extracellular protein preparations from fiber-bearing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seeds. we show here, based on immunoreactivity, that the enzyme is a cu/zn-sod (csd). immunogold localization shows that csd localizes to secondary cell walls of developing cotton fibers. five cotton csd cdnas were cloned from c ...200818425534
effects of vegetated field borders on arthropods in cotton fields in eastern north carolina.the influence, if any, of 5m wide, feral, herbaceous field borders on pest and beneficial arthropods in commercial cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.) (malvales: malvaceae), fields was measured through a variety of sampling techniques over three years. in each year, 5 fields with managed, feral vegetation borders and five fields without such borders were examined. sampling was stratified from the field border or edge in each field in an attempt to elucidate any edge effects that might have occurred. ...200820345293
transcriptional profiling of mature arabidopsis trichomes reveals that noeck encodes the mixta-like transcriptional regulator myb106.leaf hairs (trichomes) of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) have been extensively used as a model to address general questions in cell and developmental biology. here, we lay the foundation for a systems-level understanding of the biology of this model cell type by performing genome-wide gene expression analyses. we have identified 3,231 genes that are up-regulated in mature trichomes relative to leaves without trichomes, and we compared wild-type trichomes with two mutants, glabra3 and triptyc ...200818805951
sequence analysis and characterization of vacuolar-type h+ -atpase proteolipid transcript from acanthus ebracteatus vah1.the vacuolar-type h+ -atpase (v-atpase) is a multimeric enzyme with diverse functions in plants such as nutrient transport, flowering, stress tolerance, guard cell movement and development. a partial sequence of v-atpase proteolipid was identified among the expressed sequence tags (ests) generated from acanthus ebracteatus, and selected for full-length sequencing. the 876-nucleotide cdna consists of an open reading frame of 165 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence displays high similarit ...200817852357
interactive effects of elevated co2 and cotton cultivar on tri-trophic interaction of gossypium hirsutum, aphis gossyppii, and propylaea japonica.information on the effects of enriched co2 on both the chemical composition of plants and the consequences of such changes for performance of a herbivore and its predator is an important first step in understanding the responses of plants and insects to global environmental change. we examined interactions across three trophic levels, cotton, gossypium hirsutum, an aphid herbivore, aphis gossypii glover, and a coccinellid predator, propylaea japonica (thunberg), as affected by elevated co2 conce ...200818348793
molecular cloning and expression characteristics of alternative oxidase gene of cotton (gossypium hirsutum).a novel alternative oxidase (aox) gene derived from cotton (gossypium hirsutum), designated as ghaox1, was cloned with race-pcr. the full-length cdna of ghaox1was 1,298 bp in size, containing a 996 bp open reading frame (orf) which corresponds to a precursor protein of 332 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 37.5 kda. the predicted amino acid sequence exhibited 68.4%, 68.1%, 59.4%, and 69.8% homology to the alternative oxidases of arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana tabacum, sola ...200817351819
identification and characterization of the novel gene ghdbp2 encoding a dre-binding protein from cotton (gossypium hirsutum).a cdna encoding one novel dre-binding protein, ghdbp2, was isolated from cotton seedlings. it is classified into the a-6 group of dreb subfamily based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic characterization. using semi-quantitative rt-pcr, we found that the ghdbp2 transcripts were greatly induced by drought, nacl, low temperature and aba treatments in cotton cotyledons. the dna-binding properties of ghdbp2 were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa), showing that ghdbp2 ...200817224201
molecular cloning and characterization of ghnpr1, a gene implicated in pathogen responses from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).a novel gene, designated as ghnpr1 (gossypium hirsutum non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1), was isolated from g. hirsutum (cotton) by rt-pcr (reverse transcription-pcr) and race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the full-length cdna was 2108 bp long and had an orf (open reading frame) that putatively encoded a polypeptide of 592 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 66 kda. comparison of this protein sequence with that of arabidopsis thaliana, brassica juncea and nicotiana ...200818215146
rise and fall of cotton aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations in southeastern cotton production systems.the impact of natural enemies on cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), populations in cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production systems in the southeastern united states was evaluated over 3 yr in irrigated commercial cotton fields. fungal epizootics caused by the entomopathogen neozygites fresenii (nowakowski) batko reduced aphid numbers to subthreshold levels in 1999, 2000, and 2001 and occurred consistently in early to mid-july in all 3 yr. scymnus spp. were the most abu ...200818330112
relationships of abscised cotton fruit to boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding, oviposition, and development.abscised cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fruit in field plots planted at different times were examined to assess adult boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), use of squares and bolls during 2002 and 2003 in the lower rio grande valley of texas. although boll abscission is not necessarily related to infestation, generally more bolls abscised than squares and abundances of fallen bolls were not related to the planting date treatments. during 2003, fallen square ...200818330118
baseline susceptibility of tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry1f toxin from bacillus thuringiensis.transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., lines expressing both cry1f and cry1ac insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been commercially available in the united states since 2005. both bt proteins are highly effective against tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), and other lepidopteran pests of cotton. although crylac has been available in bt cotton since 1996, the cry1f component is relatively new. as part of the proactive resistance management program for cry1f/cry1a ...200818330132
molecular characterization and temporal expression analyses indicate that the mic (meloidogyne induced cotton) gene family represents a novel group of root-specific defense-related genes in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the molecular events underlying the resistance of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to the root-knot nematode (rkn) are largely unknown. in this report, we further characterize the previously identified mic3 gene including the identification of 14 related mic cdnas in nematode-infected roots of allotetraploid cotton that show >85% identity with mic3. a time-course analysis of rkn infection in resistant and susceptible cotton lines showed that maximum mic transcript accumulation occurred imme ...200818357465
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in sub-saharan savannas of benin, west africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone.the rapid decline of soil fertility of cultivated lands in the sub-saharan savannas of west africa is considered to be the main cause of the increasingly severe constraints of food production. the soils in this tropical area are highly fragile, and crop yields are limited by characteristically low levels of available phosphorus. under such preconditions, the multiple benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis are likely to play a pivotal role for maintaining natural soil fertility by ...200818386078
sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) as a pre-columbian domesticate in mexico.mexico has long been recognized as one of the world's cradles of domestication with evidence for squash (cucurbita pepo) cultivation appearing as early as 8,000 cal b.c. followed by many other plants, such as maize (zea mays), peppers (capsicum annuum), common beans (phaseolus vulgaris), and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). we present archaeological, linguistic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric data demonstrating that sunflower (helianthus annuus) had entered the repertoire of mexican domesticates by ...200818443289
evaluation of extended-life pheromone formulations used with and without dichlorvos for boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) trapping.boll weevil traps baited with a combolure (25 of mg grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 90 of mg dichlorvos [ddvp]), an extended-release lure (25 mg of grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 60 of mg ddvp kill-strip), and extended-release lure with no ddvp were evaluated for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), captures in south texas cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields during february-march 2005 and march-april 2006. the traps were serviced once a week for five cons ...200818459404
effects of refuge contamination by transgenes on bt resistance in pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae).refuges of non-bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., are used to delay bt resistance in pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a pest that eats cotton seeds. contamination of refuges by bt transgenes could reduce the efficacy of this strategy. previously, three types of contamination were identified in refuges: 1) homozygous bt cotton plants, with 100% of their seeds producing the bt toxin cry1ac; 2) hemizygous bt plants with 70-80% of ...200818459418
toxicity and characterization of cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac and cry2ab2 proteins for control of lepidopteran pests.cry1ac protoxin (the active insecticidal toxin in both bollgard and bollgard ii cotton [gossypium hirsutum l.]), and cry2ab2 toxin (the second insecticidal toxin in bollgard ii cotton) were bioassayed against five of the primary lepidopteran pests of cotton by using diet incorporation. cry1ac was the most toxic to heliothis virescens (f.) and pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), demonstrated good activity against helicoverpa zea (boddie), and had negligible toxicity against spodoptera exigua (hü ...200818459423
outcrossed cottonseed and adventitious bt plants in arizona refuges.outcrossing of non-bt cotton (gossypium hirsutum (l.)) in refuges by transgenic bt cultivars could reduce the efficacy of refuges for delaying resistance in seed-feeding pests. based on reports that outcrossing decreased as distance from bt cotton increased in small-scale studies, we hypothesized that increasing refuge width or distance from bt fields would reduce outcrossing. in a large-scale study in arizona, we quantified bt seed in refuges of experimental and commercial fields, comparing out ...200818549770
parallel domestication, convergent evolution and duplicated gene recruitment in allopolyploid cotton.a putative advantage of allopolyploidy is the possibility of differential selection of duplicated (homeologous) genes originating from two different progenitor genomes. in this note we explore this hypothesis using a high throughput, snp-specific microarray technology applied to seed trichomes (cotton) harvested from three developmental time points in wild and modern accessions of two independently domesticated cotton species, gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense. we show that homeolog expressio ...200818562666
co-expression and preferential interaction between two calcineurin b-like proteins and a cbl-interacting protein kinase from cotton.the cbl/cipk signaling system mediates a variety of responses to environmental stimuli in plants. in this work, we identified four cbl genes from gossypium hirsutum, two of which (designated ghcbl2 and ghcbl3) showed preferential expression in the elongating fiber cells. moreover, the expression patterns of these two cbl genes coincided with that of a putative cbl-interacting protein kinase gene (ghcipk1) that we isolated in a previous study. yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that among the four ...200818573665
functional characterization of a cotton late embryogenesis-abundant d113 gene promoter in transgenic tobacco.previous studies have shown that mrna and protein encoded by late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) gene d113 from gossypium hirsutum l. accumulate at high levels in mature seeds and also in response to abscisic acid (aba) in young embryo. in this study, we studied the expression of four promoter 5' deletion constructs (-1383, -974, -578 and -158) of the lea d113 gene fused to beta-glucuronidase (gus). gus activity analysis revealed that the -578 promoter fragment was necessary to direct seed-specifi ...200818066554
molecular cloning and functional analysis of an erf gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum).ethylene response factors (erfs) play important roles in regulating plant biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. in this paper, a new ethylene response factor gene gherf1 was isolated from cotton. the deduced amino acid sequence of gherf1 contained an ap2/erf domain, which shared high similarity with other reported ap2/erf domains and was most closely related to the b3 subgroup of the erf subfamily. the particle bombardment assay showed that gherf1 functioned as an in vivo transcription activator ...200818078841
transgene integration and organization in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genome.while genetically modified upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) varieties are ranked among the most successful genetically modified organisms (gmo), there is little knowledge on transgene integration in the cotton genome, partly because of the difficulty in obtaining large numbers of transgenic plants. in this study, we analyzed 139 independently derived t0 transgenic cotton plants transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain agl1 carrying a binary plasmid ppzp-gfp. it was found by pcr that ...200817549600
molecular cloning, expression profiling, and yeast complementation of 19 beta-tubulin cdnas from developing cotton ovules.microtubules are a major structural component of the cytoskeleton and participate in cell division, intracellular transport, and cell morphogenesis. in the present study, 795 cotton tubulin expressed sequence tags were analysed and 19 beta-tubulin genes (tub) cloned from a cotton cdna library. among the group, 12 cotton tubs (ghtubs) are reported for the first time here. transcription profiling revealed that nine ghtubs were highly expressed in elongating fibre cells as compared with fuzzless-li ...200818596112
resistance allele frequency to bt cotton in field populations of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in china.resistance evolution in target insects to bacillus thurningiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., is a main threat to bt cotton technology. an increasing trend of population density of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) has been observed since 2001 in qiuxian county (hebei, china), where bt cotton has been planted dominantly since 1998. this region was selected in 2006 and 2007 for estimating frequency of gene alleles conferring resistance to bt cotton by screening the f1 ...200818613597
geminivirus-mediated gene silencing from cotton leaf crumple virus is enhanced by low temperature in cotton.a silencing vector for cotton (gossypium hirsutum) was developed from the geminivirus cotton leaf crumple virus (clcrv). the clcrv coat protein gene was replaced by up to 500 bp of dna homologous to one of two endogenous genes, the magnesium chelatase subunit i gene (chli) or the phytoene desaturase gene (pds). cotyledons of cotton cultivar 'deltapine 5415' bombarded with the modified viral vectors manifested chlorosis due to silencing of either chli or pds in approximately 70% of inoculated pla ...200818621976
cloning and characterization of a tau glutathione s-transferase subunit encoding gene in gossypium hirsutum.a predicted tau glutathione s-transferase (gst) subunit encoding gene, named ghgst, was isolated from gossypium hirsutum with race method from ssh library based on verticillium dahliae stress. the data revealed an open reading frame of 678 bp encoding a protein of 225 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25.821 kda. semi-quantitative rt-pcr analysis showed that the mrna of ghgst was expressed in root, stem and leaf. and the content of ghgst expression increased under verticillium dahliae stres ...200818670133
promoter of a cotton fibre myb gene functional in trichomes of arabidopsis and glandular trichomes of tobacco.cotton fibres are unicellular seed trichomes. our previous study suggested that the cotton r2r3 myb transcript factor gamyb2 is a functional homologue of the arabidopsis trichome regulator glabra1 (gl1). here, the gamyb2 promoter activity is reported in cotton (gossypium hirsutum), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and arabidopsis plants. a 2062 bp promoter of gamyb2 was isolated from g. arboreum, and fused to a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. in cotton, the gamyb2 promoter exhibited activiti ...200818711121
evolution of virulence in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum using serial passage assays through susceptible cotton.fifty strains of fusarium oxysporum, recovered from rhizosphere soil around native gossypium species and found to be mildly virulent on cotton (gossypium hirsutum), were used to assay the propensity for evolution of virulence using serial passage assays through cotton. only one lineage a strain, 2613, successfully completed 10 successive passages, while all others lost the ability to cause foliar disease symptoms at various stages during this process. based on 46 amplified fragment length polymo ...200818944080
survivorship of helicoverpa zea and heliothis virescens on cotton plant structures expressing a bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein.a series of tests quantified bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), larval survival on plant structures of a nontransgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), 'coker 312', and two transgenic cottons expressing vip3a protein or both vip3a + crylab proteins (vipcot). vegetative and reproductive structures including terminal leaves, flower bud (square) bracts, whole debracted squares, flower petals, flower anthers, and intact capsules (bolls) were harvested f ...200818767734
fitness costs associated with cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae): a factor countering selection for resistance to bt cotton?the heritability, stability, and fitness costs in a cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) colony (ar) were measured in the laboratory. in response to selection, heritability values for ar increased in generations 4-7 and decreased in generations 11-19. ar had significantly increased pupal mortality, a male-biased sex ratio, and lower mating success compared with the unselected parental strain (sc). ar males had significantly more mating costs compared with females. a ...200818767756
global analysis of gene expression in cotton fibers from wild and domesticated gossypium barbadense.gossypium barbadense is widely cultivated because of its extra-long staple cotton with superior luster, silkiness and high yield. these economically important traits were selected during initial domestication of an agronomically inferior wild ancestor, followed by millennia of human-mediated selection. to reveal the effects of this history on the cotton fiber transcriptome, we conducted comparative expression profiling on mechanically isolated fiber cells at three different stages encompassing e ...200818803775
yield response of dual-toxin bt cotton to helicoverpa zea infestations.field cage experiments were conducted to determine the impact of bollworms, helicoverpa zea (boddie), on yields of bollgard ii and widestrike cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. one-day-old bollworm larvae were infested in white flowers of bollgard ii and in white flowers and terminals of widestrike cotton. the infestation levels included 0, 50, and 100% of white flowers for each type of cotton. terminal infestations included one or two larvae per terminal on widestrike cotton. larvae were placed in f ...200818950041
cotton harvest at 40% versus 75% boll-splitting on yield and economic return under standard and proactive boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) spray regimes.the standard practice of two or three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (when 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), control does not provide reliable protection of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., lint production. this study, conducted during 2004 and 2005, showed that three to six fewer ...200818950042
lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on apolygus lucorum (hemiptera: miridae).various pesticides directly impact insect pest populations through acute toxicity (lethal) effects, but they also cause a range of indirect (sublethal) effects on pest physiology or behavior. in this study, we describe both lethal and sublethal effects of endosulfan on the survival, development, and fecundity of apolygus lucorum meyer-dür (hemiptera: miridae), an important pest of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in china. we quantify pesticide effects on adult mirids a ...200819133460
detection of suppressiveness against rotylenchulus reniformis in soil from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fields in texas and louisiana.rotylenchulus reniformis is a major problem confronting cotton production in the central part of the cotton belt of the united states of america. in this study, the hypothesis that natural antagonists in some cases are responsible for unusually low densities of the nematode in certain fields was tested by assaying soils from 22 selected fields for the presence of transferable agents in pots containing cotton plants. in one field, soil from four different depth ranges was tested. in the first of ...200819259517
[overexpression of spinacia oleracea betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (sobadh) gene confers the salt and cold tolerant in gossypium hirsutum l].the open reading frame of spinacia oleracea betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (sobadh) was retrieved from spinacia oleracea and inserted into the agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector pbin438, which was driven by camv35s promoter, and produced the new binary vector pbsb. a. tumefaciens lba4404 carrying this plasmid was used in genetic transformation of plants. forty-five primary transgenic plants were detected by pcr and verified by the southern blotting from 65 regenerated plants, of which 27 tr ...200818998552
effect of fumigation on rotylenchulus reniformis population density through subsurface drip irrigation located every other furrow.plots naturally infested with rotylenchulus reniformis were sampled in the spring of 2006 and 2007 at depths of 15 and 30 cm in the bed, furrow over the drip tape, and "dry" furrow, and at approximately 40 to 45 cm depth in the bed and dry furrow. then, 1,3-dichloropropene (telone ec) was injected into the subsurface drip irrigation at 46 kg a.i./ha, and 3 to 4 weeks later the plots were resampled and assayed for nematodes. the transformed values for nematode population density (ivlrr) before fu ...200819440261
frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab in australian populations of helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from 2002 to 2006.helicoverpa punctigera and helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) are important pests of field and horticultural crops in australia. the former is endemic to the continent, whereas the latter is also distributed in africa and asia. although h. armigera rapidly developed resistance to virtually every group of insecticide used against it, there is only one report of resistance to an insecticide in h. punctigera. in 1996 the australian cotton industry adopted ingard, which expresses ...200919449655
molecular diagnostic for boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) based on amplification of three species-specific microsatellites.the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), is a serious pest of cultivated cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the americas, and reinfestation of zones from which they have been eradicated is of perpetual concern. extensive arrays of pheromone traps monitor for reintroductions, but occasionally the traps collect nontarget weevils that can be misidentified by scouts. for example, the congeneric pepper weevil, anthonomus eugenii cano, and other superficially sim ...200919449658
phenotypic and molecular evaluation of cotton hairy roots as a model system for studying nematode resistance.agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) hairy roots were evaluated as a model system for studying molecular cotton-nematode interactions. hairy root cultures were developed from the root-knot nematode (rkn) (meloidogyne incognita [kofoid and white] chitwood, race 3)-resistant breeding line m315 and from the reniform nematode (rn) (rotylenchulus reniformis linford & oliveira)-resistant accession gb713 (g. barbadense l.) and compared to a nematode-susceptible culture derive ...200919578854
molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in china.several tomato production regions in china were surveyed for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd), and 31 tomato leaf samples showing tylcd-like symptoms were collected. the partial or full-length genomes of these isolates were sequenced and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was detected in shanghai, zhejiang, jiangsu shandong and hebei provinces of china. the tylcv isolates found in china share high sequence identity ([98%) and have more than 97% sequence identity with tylcvil[ il:reo] ( ...200919590945
flower-inhabiting frankliniella thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae), pesticides, and fusarium hardlock in cotton.cotton hardlock caused by fusarium verticillioides (sacc. nirenberg) can reduce cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., yields > 70% in the southeastern united states. the spores infect flowers on the day of pollination, resulting in hardlock, which is the failure of the fiber to fluff as the boll opens at maturity. frankliniella spp. thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) inhabiting the flowers are hypothesized to increase hardlock by spreading the conidia or by creating entranceways for the germinating fusar ...200919610399
trichogramma (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) ecology in a tropical bt transgenic cotton cropping system: sampling to improve seasonal pest impact estimates in the ord river irrigation area, australia.trichogramma westwood (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) cause high mortality rates in the potentially resistant pest species, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and are considered integral to the resistance management plan for bacillus thuringiensis transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production in the ord river irrigation area (oria), western australia. measured as percentage of parasitism, trichogramma activity seems highly variable over time; yet, it contributes sign ...200919610415
cry2ab tolerance response of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations from crylac cotton planting region.helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is an important lepidopteran pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in asia. transgenic cotton expressing the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been widely planted for control of this pest. for managing the potential risk from resistance evolution in this pest, a new transgenic bt cotton containing cry1ac and cry2ab genes (gene pyramided strategy) was designed as a successor of cry1ac cotton. this article reports on levels of ...200919610441
effects of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis on phenoloxidase activity and susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes.widespread planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) imposes selection on many key agricultural pests to evolve resistance to bt. fitness costs can slow the evolution of bt resistance. we examined effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on fitness costs of bt resistance in the pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a major pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the southwestern u ...200919610442
quantification of cry1ac and cry1f bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins in selected transgenic cotton plant tissue types.quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to characterize the geographical (locations) and temporal (through 6 wk) expression of crylac, from bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki, and cry1f, from b. thuringiensis variety aizawai, in transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., plant structures. terminal leaves, squares (flower buds), flowers, bolls (fruit), and mature leaves located five and eight nodes below the terminal apex were sampled during weeks 2, 4, and 6 after the initi ...200919610451
functional analysis of a cotton cellulose synthase a4 gene promoter in transgenic tobacco plants.a 1,482-bp promoter sequence of the cotton cellulose synthase gene (ghcesa4) was isolated from chinese cultivar cri12 of gossypium hirsutum, and transcriptionally fused to a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene for investigation of important regions controlling gene expression in transgenic tobacco plants. histochemical staining showed that the full-length promoter directs efficient expression of the reporter gene in the roots, hypocotyls, vascular tissues of stems, trichomes, the central leaf ...200919655147
spatiotemporal patterns and dispersal of stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae) in peanut-cotton farmscapes.in the southeast united states, a field of peanuts, arachis hypogaea l., is often closely associated with a field of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. the objective of this 4-yr on-farm study was to examine and compare the spatiotemporal patterns and dispersal of the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula l., and the brown stink bug, euschistus servus (say), in six of these peanut-cotton farmscapes. gs(+) version 9 was used to generate interpolated estimates of stink bug density by inverse distan ...200919689882
efficacy of cry1ac:cry1f proteins in cotton leaf tissue against fall armyworm, beet armyworm, and soybean looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae).cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., plants expressing cry1ac and cry1f insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) were evaluated against selected lepidopteran pests including fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), and soybean looper, pseudoplusia includens (walker). studies were conducted in a range of environments, challenging various cotton tissue types from several varieties containing a combination of cry1ac and cr ...200919736762
crop juxtaposition affects cotton fiber quality in georgia farmscapes.phytophagous stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae), including green stink bug [acrosternum hilare (say)], southern green stink bug [nezara viridula (l.)], and brown stink bug [euschistus servus (say)], have become a serious production issue for southeastern u.s. cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., growers. to investigate how different agronomic crops may affect stink bug damage and fiber quality in neighboring cotton fields, replicated 1.6-2.0-ha trials were planted with corn (zea mays l.), peanut (ar ...200919736764
evaluation of transgenic soybean exhibiting high expression of a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cry1a transgene for suppressing lepidopteran population densities and crop injury.several transgenic lines of soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., expressing a synthetic cry1a gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), were examined in replicated field trials in 2003-2007 for suppression of naturally occurring population densities of lepidopteran pests and the resultant crop injury that they caused. bt soybean and negative controls (isogenic segregants and parental lines) were evaluated against velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner); soybean looper, pseudoplusia inclu ...200919736779
efficient production of gossypol from hairy root cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).a protocol for induction and establishment of agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root culture of gossypium hirsutum was developed through infection with the a4 strain and co-cultivation on hormone-free semi-solid ms medium with b5 vitamins. it resulted in the emergence of hairy roots from the leaf explants, 21 days after infection. the transformation of hairy roots was established by pcr amplification of rol b and rol c genes of the ri plasmid. all root lines expressed gossypol, although di ...200919751178
ghzfp1, a novel ccch-type zinc finger protein from cotton, enhances salt stress tolerance and fungal disease resistance in transgenic tobacco by interacting with gzird21a and gzipr5.* zinc finger proteins are a superfamily involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. however, ccch-type zinc finger proteins involved in plant stress tolerance are poorly understood. * a cdna clone designated gossypium hirsutum zinc finger protein 1 (ghzfp1), which encodes a novel ccch-type zinc finger protein, was isolated from a salt-induced cotton (g. hirsutum) cdna library using differential hybridization screening and further studied in transgenic tobacco nicotiana tabacum cv. ...200919402879
susceptibility of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry1ac and cry2ab2 insecticidal proteins in four countries of the west african cotton belt.transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., producing cry1ac and cry2ab2 insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was first planted in burkina faso (west africa) in 2008. here, we provide the first baseline data on susceptibility of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations collected in west africa (benin, cameroon, nigeria, and chad) to cry1ac and cry2ab2 toxins incorporated separately or in combination in a semisynthetic diet. for populations collected in 2 ...200920069861
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