Publications

a simplified hyaluronic acid based culture medium for mycobacteria isolated from human lepromata.	acid-fast bacilli multiplied in liquid culture media containing hyaluronic acid when inoculated with mycobacteria from a lepromatous leprosy nodule. the culture was readily subcultured at ten day intervals in the homologue media, but failed to grow in the dubos, middlebrook and lowenstein media. these findings confirm the results of skinsnes et al (1975). identification of this culture is not yet available, however it gives positive immunofluorescence with authentic anti-m. leprae serum. the obt ...	1976	798728
the lepromatous macrophage defect as related to vaccine development in leprosy.		1976	798730
cultivation of myco. leprae--a breakthrough reported.		1976	799201
experimental transmission of leprosy to animals: a preliminary note on attempt to transmit leprosy to the slender loris, loris tardigradus (linnaeus).	a brief account of the slender loris, loris tardigradus (linnaeus) and some of its characteristics which render it suitable for leprosy transmission experiments are recorded. handling and inoculation methods are given with some of the preliminary inoculation site biopsy results.	1976	799202
bacteremia in leprosy and its relation to distribution of m. leprae in skin.	evidence of bacillaemia through examination of heparinised blood smears was obtained in 17 of the 20 cases (85%) of untreated leprosy cases belonging to the spectrum ranging from bt to ll. among 17 cases whose blood smears were positive for afb, the endothelial cells of blood vessels in skin lesions showed afb in 11 instances (64.7%) and in 7 (41.2%) of these cases biopsies obtained from apparently normal skin also showed bacilli in the blood vessels. the fact that blood smears may show afb even ...	1976	799203
the lepromin test.		1976	799204
acid-fast bacillary positivity in asymptomatic individuals in leprosy endemic villages around jhalda in west bengal.	three general surveys of a village population of 7000 in a highly endemic area in purulia district, west bengal, have included clinical examination and earlobe skin snip examinations. multiple between-survey follow-up examinations have also been conducted of both bacillary positives and cases. in the general population 5.8% of the individuals showed bacteriological positivity with a concentration technique for afb without showing clinical signs of infection. during two years of observation clini ...	1976	799205
a modified method of harvesting m. leprae from foot-pads of mice.	a modified technique of harvesting m. leprae from the foot-pads of mice is described. the method is simple and takes less time for its performance than the conventional techniques. the yield of bacilli is also better. no difficulties have been encountered in its application in these laboratories.	1976	799206
lepromatous leprosy--final discharge from treatment unit.		1976	799208
early serodiagnosis of leprosy by indirect immunofluorescence.	a method of fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test was described. this test was so sensitive that 81.8% of tuberculoid leprosy cases gave positive reaction even in early stage of the disease. more than 50% of indeterminate and contact cases were also positive in this test. the positive percentages as well as antibody-titers were increasing with clinical spectrum of leprosy, from tt to ll, being the highest in the latter. using absorbed and diluted serum from known lepromatous pat ...	1976	799209
correlation of morphology with viability of mycobacterium leprae.	a concept has been developed in the recent years that the evenly stained 'solid' bacilli are living and the 'non-solid' forms are degenerate and dead. this communication presents the findings in experimental mice inoculated with material containing 1 to 10% solid evenly stained m. leprae and also with material containing 0% solid organisms. there was multiplication of the bacilli in both the groups. quantitatively, the yield also was not significantly different. these fundings do not support the ...	1976	799212
bacillaemia in reactive states of leprosy.	35 cases of lepromatous and near-lepromatous cases of laprosy in reaction have been investigated for the presence of acid-fast bacilli in blood at the height of the reaction as well as at its subsidence. only 3 cases exhibited bacillaemia during reaction. it is therefore unlikely that dissemination of the disease is accentuated during reaction as commonly believed. further, the immune complexes demonstrated to be circulating during reaction are possibly formed by bacillary products and not by wh ...	1976	799213
significance of nine banded armandillo in biomedical leprosy research.		1976	799214
[diagnosis of leprosy].		1976	799265
[drug sensitivity test of m. leprae using liquid media (author's transl)].		1976	799737
importance of immune reactions in leprosy.		1976	799966
studies of experimental chemotherapy of leprosy.		1976	800233
clofazimine in the treatment of dapsone resistant leprosy.	dapsone resistant patients treated with clofazimine 100 mg daily show a consistent response to treatment. concern is expressed regarding the prolonged persistence of viable organisms during treatment, with the attendant risk of further resistance developing. the importance of prevention of this problem is discussed.	1976	800234
cultivation of mycobacterium leprae using semi-synthetic medium.		1976	801024
cultivation of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell culture.		1976	801026
[attempts at growth of m. leprae in mice (author's transl)].		1976	801283
[cell-biological study on the acid-fast organisms isolated and cultivated from leprosy patients. 2. pathogenic behavior of the organism to experimental animals, and results of inoculation to mice foot-pads (author's transl)].		1976	801365
viability of mycobacterium leprae pretreated with rifampicin.		1976	801367
lepromatoid lesion developed in nude mouse inoculated with mycobacterium leprae--animal transmission of leprosy.		1976	801368
the role of arthropods in the transmission of leprosy.		1976	776845
the effect of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors on mycobacterium leprae in the mouse foot pad.		1976	776847
dds resistance in ethiopia - a progress report.		1976	776848
the incidence of dds resistance in lepromatous patients in costa rica: their metabolic disposition of dds.		1976	776849
drug resistant leprosy--a comparison between proven dapsone and proven thiambutosine resistance.		1976	776850
mycobacterium leprae persisters after treatment with dapsone and rifampicin.		1976	776851
long-term treatment of dapsone-resistant leprosy with rifampicin: clinical and bacteriological studies.		1976	776852
treatment failure in leprosy.		1976	776854
the bactericidal effect of rifampicin on m. leprae in man: a) single doses of 600, 900 and 1200 mg; and b) daily doses of 300 mg.		1976	776856
preliminary studies with the lymph node lymphocytes of m. leprae infected mice.		1976	776857
the presence of systemic and local activated macrophages in mice infected in the foot pad with mycobacterium leprae and m. marinum.	a highly sensitive assay for quantitating the presence of activated macrophages was employed to show that foot pad infection of mice with neither m. leprae nor m. marinum induced a population of activated peritoneal macrophages. in vitro attempts to demonstrate local activated macrophages in the foot pads of m. leprae infected mice failed, but, because of the technical problems encountered, do not preclude their presence. additional studies are being carried out.	1976	776858
taxonomic studies on the leprosy bacillus.		1976	776859
vaccination of mice against m. leprae infection.		1976	776860
production of anti-m. leprae antibodies in man and mice under the impairment of cell mediated immunity.		1976	776861
evaluation of cell mediated immunity in the histopathologic spectrum of leprosy using lymphocyte transformation test.	lymphocyte transformation in response to pha, m. leprae and bcg with the use of measurements of 3h-thymidine uptake, was studied in 10 normal controls, and 71 leprosy patients of different types histologically classified according to the ridley-jopling scale. lepromin and ppd tests were done in each one of them. it was found that there was a generalized depression of immune responsiveness to pha in all forms of leprosy. the immune responsiveness of lymphocytes to m. leprae continuously and gradu ...	1976	776862
cell mediated and humoral immunity in "reversal reactions".		1976	776863
attempts at growth of m. leprae in mice and observations on a case of probable contamination with another acid-fast bacillus.		1976	776864
the who program for research on immunology of leprosy (immlep).		1976	776865
attempts at cultivation of mycobacterium leprae in cell culture.		1976	776866
a31 cell as a host of mycobacterium lepraemurium and mycobacterium leprae.		1976	776867
progress in the radiolabeling of mycobacterium leprae.		1976	776869
in vitro cultivation of leprosy bacilli.		1976	776870
multiplication of mycobacterium leprae from large inocula in neonatally thymectomized lewis rats.		1976	776872
preparation of protein from mycobacterium leprae, skin test responses and lymphoblast transformation in vaccinated armadillos.		1976	776873
delayed hypersensitivity tests with mycobacterium leprae protein in leprous and non-leprous persons.		1976	776874
cell walls of mycobacterium leprae.	walls were prepared from m. leprae isolated from livers and spleens of infected armadillos. these contained mycolic acids and arabinogalactan, but the composition of the peptidoglycan differed from that of the other mycobacteria that have been studied, since it contained substantial amounts of glycine. the relationship of m. leprae to the other mycobacteria remains obscure.	1976	776875
airborne infection with mycobacterium leprae in mice.		1976	776876
spaced clofazimine therapy of lepromatous leprosy.	patients with previously untreated borderline-lepromatous or fully lepromatous leprosy were treated with one of five clofazimine (b663) regimens: 1) 200 mg daily 6 days per week; 2) 100 mg three times weekly; 3) 300 mg weekly; 4) 600 mg every other week; and 5) 600 mg on 2 consecutive days every 4 weeks. after 24 weeks of treatment, the patients were randomly allocated to treatment either with 200 mg b663 daily 6 days per week (regimen 6) or with dapsone, beginning with a small dosage and increa ...	1976	779502
studies of the mouse foot pad technique for cultivation of mycobacterium leprae. 3. doubling time during logarithmic multiplication.		1976	781441
acid-fast bacilli in the fingers of long-treated lepromatous patients.		1976	781442
does droplet infection play a role in the transmission of leprosy?		1976	781443
letter: culture of m. leprae with help of desiccated thyroid.		1976	60588
enumeration of mycobacterium leprae stained with and without prior periodate oxidation.		1976	61553
immunologic identification of m. leprae. immunofluorescence and complement fixation.	a markedly improved immunofluorescent technic employing fitc conjugated igg antibody prepared from lepromatous serum is described as a means of specific identification of m. leprae. an additional immunologic identification method for m. leprae is presented as a micro-complement fixation technic employing antigen rather than antibody dilution. studies with these technics suggest that m. leprae specific antigen is probably a surface antigen and has as part of its mosaic a lecithin-phospholipid com ...	1976	61949
the use of non-deparaffinized tissue sections for staining leprosy bacilli.	reduced acid-fast staining of leprosy bacilli occurs during the dewaxing of paraffin sections by xylene and alcohols; the older and more decrepit bacilli being especially affected. by the use of non-deparaffinized sections, the leprosy bacilli which could not be stained with the usual carbol fuchsin are strongly stained. moreover, non-deparafinized sections can be used for the periodic acid-carbol pararosanilin stain or methenamine silver stain for demonstrating mycobacteria.	1976	61950
the nature of mycobacterial acid-fastness.	phenol is not essential to acid-fast staining, for it will occur in the absence of phenol where such lipoid-soluble basic dyes as night blue, victoria blue b or victoria r are used; it is essential for acid-fast staining with water soluble basic dyes such as basic fuchsin. when phenol is added to the staining solution, such water soluble basic dyes behave in effect like their lipid-soluble counterparts. the loss of mycobacterial acid-fastness with carbol-fuchsin after bromination or chromation i ...	1976	63160
periodic acid-methenamine silver stain for mycobacteria in tissue sections.		1976	63164
histocompatibility antigens in patients with leprosy.	the frequencies of distribution of 25 histocompatibility antigens were determined in 92 mexican patients with leprosy and compared with those in 315 mexicans who did not have the disease. no statistically significant differences were found between the patients and the controls in regard to histocompatibility antigens, and subgroups with a significant difference could not be identified by division of the patients according to the density of mycobacterium leprae or the presence or absence of cell- ...	1976	63527
rifampin-resistant leprosy.		1976	63780
hla-linked genetic control of host response to mycobacterium leprae.	non-random parental hla-haplotype segregation is demonstrated in siblings with leprosy. a new method is described for the statistical analysis of non-random segregation among sibships of different sizes. sibs with the same type of leprosy show a significant excess of identical hla haplotypes. this is also true for families in which only tuberculoid leprosy is found, which is by far the commonest type in the population studied. however, sibs affected with different types of leprosy share a haplot ...	1976	63804
germicidal activity of the pigo system on mycobacterium leprae, in vitro.		1976	64181
editorial: the nose and leprosy.		1976	57462
staining mycobacteria with carbolfuchsin: properties of solutions prepared with different samples of basic fuchsin.	acid fast staining of mycobacteria in the form of beadings is obtained by means of a carbolfuchsin solution (ziehl-neelsen stain) prepared from pararosaniline or from certain kinds of basic fuchsin. after such acid-fast stains, the intensity of the bacilli's colouring was rather poor and unstable, so that some bacilli lost their acid-fast stain. in contrast, an acid-fast staining of mycobacteria in rod form results by using a carbolfuchsin prepared from rosaniline or from other basic fuchsins in ...	1976	58364
studies of mycobacterial antigens, with special reference to mycobacterium leprae.	eight individual antigens were detected in soluble antigen preparations from mycobacterium leprae bacilli by using pools of serum samples from lepromatous leprosy patients as antibody reagents in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. two of these antigens were analyzed further. antgent no. 1 gave an elution pattern on sephadex g-200 corresponding to a molecular weight of 285,000. this antigen was also present in three slow-growing and eight fast-growing mycobacterial species. there was a reaction of co ...	1976	58837
recent advances in experimental leprosy.	within the last 15 years we have learned to identify mycobacterium leprae, determine its viability, screen the efficacy of antileprosy drugs, and monitor the bacilli for drug sensitivity. we have evidence that subclinical infections occur frequently among contacts of patients with leprosy and that the different manifestations of leprosy reflect differences in resistance to m leprae. we are developing hypotheses about the mechanism of these differences. we have experimentally transmitted lepromat ...	1976	8844
immunity to mycobacterium leprae infections in mice stimulated by m. leprae, bcg, and graft-versus-host reactions.	infections of mice with mycobacterium leprae in one rear foot pad immunized them against a second infection in the other rear foot pad. purified bacilli harvested from the first infection also produced immuniy when injection into the foot pads of previously uninfected mice. injections of bcg afforded similar protection, but had no adjuvant effect on m. leprae. m. duvali, a cultivable mycobacterium that is reported to be more closely related antigenically to m. leprae than bcg is, provided much l ...	1976	11189
m. leprae versus m. scrofulaceum.		1976	66215
common antigen of mycobacterium leprae, m. lepraemurium, m. avium, and m. fortuitum in comparative studies using two different types of antisera.	no. 21 mycobacterial antigens of mycobacterium lepraemurium, m. avium, m. fortuitum, and m. leprae were compared in crossed immunoelectrophoresis using two different antibody sources, a serum pool from lepromatous leprosy patients (lsii) and a rabbit anti-m. smegmatis antiserum. m. lepraemurium, like m. avium, was found to contain the 21 a and 21 c determinants. m. fortuitum contained in addition a new type of determinant, 21 d.m. leprae antigen no. 21 carried the a as well as the b dertminants, ...	1977	68004
recent advances in microbiology in leprosy.	the recent advances in microbiology of leprosy are reviewed. till now the leprosy bacillus had not been cultivated in laboratory media; the recent claims of success have not been confirmed. there has been a breakthrough in the experimental transmission of leprosy to experimental animals--the white mice, the immune depressed white mice, and the nine-banded armadillo. apart from providing definite proof for the causative relationship of the bacillus discovered by hansen and the disease leprosy, th ...	1977	70571
a possible dysfunction of melanosome transfer in leprosy: an electron-microscopic study.	an e.m. study was carried out to investigate whether mycobacterium leprae occur intracellularly in epidermal melanocytes. as this could not be confirmed, the selective killing of melanocytes by cytotoxic lymphocytes could not explain the hypopigmentation in types of leprosy with a relative good immune response. there were indications that these hypopigmented lesions resulted from a disturbed transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes. further research is in progress.	1977	70920
rapid test for drug resistance in leprosy.		1977	72940
therapeutic effect of yeast glucan in mice infected with mycobacterium leprae [proceedings].		1977	79384
cultivation of mycobacterium leprae.		1977	64727
disorders of peripheral cutaneous nerves.	the histopathology of leprosy is described with particular reference to its effects on peripheral cutaneous nerves. mycobacterium leprae invade the schwann and perineurial cells of peripheral cutaneous nerves preferentially. the organisms are eventually destroyed with their host cells by a cell-mediated immune response. the effect is a dying-back phenomenon without the formation of neuromata. the sensory effects are gradually increasing anesthesia and localized nerve trunk pain but seldom any pe ...	1977	194987
cytochrome-linked respiration in host grown m. leprae isolated from an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, l.).	the bacilli were isolated from an armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, l.) and cytochrome systems as well as oxidation of succinate and nadh by m. leprae were studied. cell-free extracts of m. leprae contained cytochromes of the a + a3, b, c and o type. whole cell suspensions catalyzed the oxidation of succinate. the process was unaffected by rotenone but was markedly inhibited by thenoyltrifluoroacetone, antimycin a and cyanide. cell-free preparations of m. leprae also oxidized nadh with oxygen as ...	1977	198384
serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in leprosy and coccidioidomycosis.	serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were found to be elevated in 71.4% of 42 leprosy patients, both treated and untreated, but in only one of 13 patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. the elevations with leprosy were present in association with each of the three major categories: lepromatous, borderline, or tuberculoid. sulfone therapy had no immediate effect on the elevated serum levels, although long-term sulfone therapy appeared to result in lowering of the level. corticosteroi ...	1977	199098
lepromin and the arthus reaction.		1977	147247
evidence for the occurrence of tissue inhibitors of o-diphenoloxidase in mycobacterium leprae obtained from infected armadillos.		1977	122515
recent advances and present trends in leprosy research.		1977	319014
inhibition of multiplication of mycobacterium leprae by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid.	contrary to the results of an earlier study in which polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(i:c)] administered intraperitoneally to mice had no effect on multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in the mouse footpad, the local administration of poly(i:c) every 12 h for 15 doses during logarithmic multiplication was found both to inhibit bacterial multiplication and to produce high tissue levels of interferon (if). local administration of poly(i) alone inhibited multiplication of m. leprae to almost ...	1977	319745
airborne infection with mycobacterium leprae in mice.	although the portal of entry and mode of spread of m. leprae in human leprosy are still uncertain, it is widely held that direct person-to-person skin contact is important. this assumption has ignored the fact that patients with highly bacilliferous leprosy have nasal as well as dermal infection and that, since m. leprae is shed predominantly from the nose, leprosy might be an airborne infection. the present study was designed to investigate this possibility with mice exposed to airborne infecti ...	1977	320339
current concepts in the immunology of leprosy.		1977	320942
immunologic aspects of leprosy.		1977	321368
new method for concentration and quantitation of mycobacterium leprae.	a new method of enumerating mycobacterium leprae has been developed. suspensions containing the organisms were filtered through a polycarbonate membrane filter (25-mm diameter, 0.4-micronm pore size, 10-micronm thick; nucleopore) to concentrate the organisms. the membrane was then mounted on a glass slide and stained with a standard acid-fast stain. finally, the membrane was treated with a small amount of chloroform to fix it to the slide and make it transparent. this method enabled us to detect ...	1977	323279
failure of mycobacterium leprae to incorporate tritiated thymidine administered in vivo.		1977	323610
effect of levamisole on mycobacterium leprae in mice.	levamisole, an antihelminthic drug that is capable of enhancing immune responses in mice and in humans, was tested in experimental mycobacterium leprae infections in mice by a number of schedules. intermittent schedules were used, and administration of the drug was started (i) around the time of inoculation with m. leprae, (ii) when the m. leprae population was approaching the plateau level, (iii) after the onset of the plateau phase, or (iv) after bcg vaccination 28 days following the inoculati ...	1977	324914
leprosy and cancer: a retrospective cohort study in hawaii.	we used data collected on a retrospective cohort of 1,123 leprosy patients living in hawaii between 1940 and 1970, to test the hypotheses that patients with lepromatous leprosy, who have an impairment in their cellular immune response, would have an increased risk for cancer and that patients with tuberculoid leprosy, who are immunologically competent, would have a normal or even a reduced cancer risk from beneficial stimulation of their cellular immune system by exposure to the mycobacterium le ...	1977	325219
corneal penetration of rifampin.	we tested the corneal penetration of rifampin in four vehicles: dimethylsulfoxide, polyethylene glycol, an ocular lubricant, and as rifampin ointment. we measured drug concentrations in the aqueous humor in rabbits after topical instillation of 1 and 2.5% rifampin according to two dosage schedules. drug concentrations in the aqueous humor were bactericidal to mycobacterium leprae. since leprosy of the cornea, iris, and ciliary body may develop despite standard systemic bacteriostatic treatment, ...	1977	326055
the rationale behind a leprosy vaccine research program.		1977	326685
a culturable mycobacterium isolated from leproma of a leprosy-transmitted armadillo.		1977	329024
occurrence of mycobacterium leprae in nature.		1977	330942
quantitative aspects of leprosy in armadillos.		1977	330943
the infectivity of drug resistant cases.	the present study shows that leprosy bacilli resistant to dapsone, multiply in mouse foot-pad as equally as the dapsone sensitive bacilli would multiply suggesting that the dapsone resistant case will be as infective as the dapsone sensitive case.	1977	330944
blood dds levels and acetylation rates of sulphadimidine in leprosy patients.	the plasma dds clearance rates and the acetylation rates of sulphadimidine were studied in a group of 30 leprosy patients comprising of 17 non-responders and 13 responders to dds treatment. no differences in the acetylator type or in the plasma dds clearance were seen between the responders and non-responders. acetylation rate did not bear any relation to the plasma clearance of dds in the non-responders. the findings indicate that the resistance to dds therapy in these patients is not related t ...	1977	330945
the problem of cultivation of mycobacterium leprae: a review with criteria for evaluating recent experimental work.	some criteria are presented to help evaluate papers appearing in the literature claiming successful cultivation of m. leprae either in the absence or in the presence of tissue-cultured cells. recently, electrom microscopic studies have definitely shown m. leprae to belong to the genus mycobacterium and its division to occur through transverse section. a survey is given of the mycobacterial strains isolated in the last 10 years from leprosy lesions. these strains belong to taxonomically differen ...	1977	330946
the prevalence of dapsone-resistant leprosy in israel.		1977	330995