Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [surface antigen of clostridium botulinum. 3. isolation and characterization of glycopeptide antigen of e type organism]. | 1975 | 765571 | |
| bacteriophages and toxigencity in clostridium botulinum types c and d. | 1975 | 766180 | |
| two solid-phase radioimmunoassays for the quantitative determination of clostridium botulinum type-a antibodies. | 1975 | 788487 | |
| proceedings: antigenicity of converting phages obtained from clostridium botulinum types c and d. | 1975 | 778448 | |
| [case of butulism caused by cl. botulinum c]. | 1975 | 781863 | |
| comparison of the effects of three fluorocarbons on certain bacteria. | three fluorocarbons were tested to determine their effect on bacterial growth. freon 11 and 21 in various concentrations had an inhibitory effect on selected test organisms, but freon 22 had no effect. both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, as well as gram-positive and gram-negative species, were included among the bacteria tested. freon 11 and 21 caused a similar response with freon 11 being more inhibitory to some species and freon 21 more inhibitory to others. inhibition was dependent on ... | 1975 | 803403 |
| antigenicites of fragments of clostridium botulinum type b derivative toxin. | two fragments with molecular weights of 110,000 and 60,000 were separated in a preparatory scale by gel filtration of the reduced clostridium botulinum type b trypsinized derivative toxin on sephadex g-200 with 0.05 m tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-0.38 m glycine buffer, ph 8.3, containing 5 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 1 mm dithiothreitol, and 2 m urea as eluant. they were both antigenic, forming crossing precipitin lines against type b antitoxin in agar gel double diffusion tests. | 1975 | 804447 |
| purification and properties of clostridium botulinum type f toxin. | clostridium botulinum type f toxin of proteolytic langeland strain was purified. toxin in whole cultures was precipitated with (nh4)2so4. extract of the precipitate was successively chromatographed on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose at ph 6,0, o-(carboxymethyl) cellulose at ph 4.9, and finally diethylaminoethyl-cellulose at ph 8.1. the procedure recovered 14 percent of the toxin assayed in the starting culture. the toxin was homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, d ... | 1975 | 807160 |
| seasonal occurrence and distribution of microbial indicators and pathogens in the rhode river of chesapeake bay. | the seasonal incidence and occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens were studied at four sites in the rhode river, a subestuary of chesapeake bay. the highest frequency of occurrence of total and fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci was in muddy creek, a marsh area receiving pasture land runoff. second highest frequency of occurrence of these bacteria was in cadle creek, a populated area. lowest measurements of these parameters were obtained at stations in the central portion of the rho ... | 1975 | 812423 |
| clostridium botulinum in scottish fish farms and farmed trout. | rainbow trout and specimens of pond mud were collected from three fish farms and examined for the presence of clostridium botulinum. two of the farms were constructed with concrete channels and one was mud-bottomed. cl. botulinum was isolated only from the mud-bottomed farm (24% of muds), and the isolates were all non-proteolytic type b. the implications of the presence of cl. botulinum spores in the mud of fish farms is discussed. | 1975 | 1089706 |
| rapid gas chromatographic technique for presumptive detection of clostridium botulinum in contaminated food. | a simple gas-liquid chromatography end-product assay is reported for butyric and other short-chain fatty acids as presumptive indicators of clostridium botulinum contamination in food. | 1975 | 1090253 |
| an outbreak of type-c botulism in three-weeek-old broilers. | botulism was diagnosed in 3-week-old broilers from clinical signs, absence of postmortem and histopathological lesions, and demonstration of toxin in the serum of comatose birds. passive immunization of mice with clostridium botulinum type-c antitoxin protected against a challenge with serum from comatose birds containing the cl. botulinum toxin. total mortality for the grow-out period exceeded 27% and was not altered by water medication with penicillin. bacitracin at 100 g per ton reduced morta ... | 1975 | 1091253 |
| on the question of permeability of the blood-brain barrier to botulinum toxin. | the clinical symptoms of botulinum intoxication suggest that besides the involvement of the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system is also affected. studies were undertaken to determine whether pure toxin of clostridium botulinum type a could be demonstrated in the brains of poisoned mice. with the aid of autoradiography of the toxin marked with 125-i and indirect fluorescent labeling it was possible to show the presence of the toxin in the parenchyma of the brain. | 1975 | 1091567 |
| editorial: fish farms and botulism. | 1975 | 1092418 | |
| letter: fish farms and botulism. | 1975 | 1097048 | |
| observations on the distribution and ecology of clostridium botulinum type e in alaska. | environmental samples collected along the coastline and from the interior of alaska were examined for the presence of clostridium botulinum. clostridium botulinum type e was detected in soils from 5 of 12 beaches; in 7 of 115 non-coastal soil samples; in sediments from six of eight locales; in gills of salmon from two fishing areas; and in the feces of 1 of 44 colonic samples from marine mammals. the basic biochemical characteristics of the isolates were determined. tube tests for demonstrating ... | 1975 | 1097074 |
| [detection of atoxigenic variants in cl. botulinum type a and b cultures exposed to different treatments]. | a possibility of detection of atoxigenic clones in the cultures of cl. botulinum, types a and b, under conditions of treatment with acridine strains, uv-irradiation and heating of spores was studied. of the 10 strains investigated, atoxigenic variants were obtained only in 3, belonging to type b; the frequency of formation of atoxigenic clones under the effect of ethidium bronide constituted 36--45.7%, and of the uv-irradiation-4.2%; heating of spores proved to be ineffective. a frequent loss of ... | 1975 | 1098338 |
| proceedings: bacteriophages and toxigenicity in clostridium botulinum types c and d. | 1975 | 1099282 | |
| proceedings: clostridium botulinum type a, b, e and f 12s toxins. | 1975 | 1099283 | |
| observations on nonconverting phage, c-n71, obtained from a nontoxigenic strain of clostridium botulinum type c. | a nontoxigenic mutant (c-n71) obtained from a toxigenic strain of clostridium botulinum type c, stockholm, with nitrosoguanidine treatment was found to be lysogenic by the lysis test. although the filtrate of a passaged lysate of this nontoxigenic but lysogenic strain, c-n71, lysed cells of the nontoxigenic strain c-ao2 equally as well as the converting phage c-st obtained from the strain c-stockholm, it did not convert c-ao2 to the toxigenic state. the lysis spectrum of this filtrate was the sa ... | 1975 | 1100888 |
| clostridium botulinum in the lakes and waterways of london. | mud samples collected during 1974 from a large proportion of the lakes and waterways of london were examined for clostridium botulinum. of 69 such sites, 50 (72.5%) contained at least one type of the organism. of the 50 positive sites, 31, 12, 1 and 10 contained, respectively, types b, c, d and e. most of the demonstrations of type b required trypsinization of culture filtrates. an examination of 7 lakes in edinburgh, made for the purpose of comparison, showed that 4 contained type b and one typ ... | 1975 | 1104711 |
| responses of clostridium botulinum type b and e progenitor toxins to some clostridial sulfhydryl-dependent proteases. | sulfhydryl-dependent proteases produced by clostridium botulinum types a, b, and f, clostridium histolyticum, clostridium sporogenes and clostridium perfringens activate preferentially type e over type b progenitor toxin but less efficiently than trypsin. the results explain why activable toxin is demonstrable in culture of a strongly proteolytic type b strain. | 1975 | 1104932 |
| [botulin toxin a detection by means of immunofluorescent adsorption reaction in experimentally contaminated food products]. | 1975 | 1105753 | |
| [deaminase activity of cl. botulinum type a, b, e and f cultures]. | the authors present the results of a comparative study of desaminase activity in the suspensions of resting cells and in ultrasonic desintegrates of cells of cl. botulinum types a, b, e and f against a number of amino acids and their amides. it was shown that types a, b, e and f possessed active desamination enzymes; this process, however coursed with a different degree of intensity depending on the substrate. common for all the 4 types was the presence of desamidase l-asparaginase and l-glutami ... | 1975 | 1106094 |
| effect of added iron on the formation of clostridial inhibitors. | inhibition of clostridium botulinum by nitrite was potentiated by the addition of fe(ii) or fe(iii) to the culture medium. the effect of iron was more pronounced when nitrite was added after autoclaving. | 1975 | 1106320 |
| low-temperature irradiation of beef and methods of evaluation of radappertization process. | an inoculated, irradiated beef pack (1,240 cans) was conducted for the determination of microbiological safety for unrestricted human consumption. each can contained a mixture of 10(6) spores of each of 10 strains of clostridium botulinum (5 type a and 5 type b), or a total of 10(7) spores/can. the cans were irradiated to various doses (100 cans/dose) with 60co gamma rays at -30 +/- 10 c, incubated at 30 +/- 2 c for 6 months, and examined for swelling, toxicity, and recoverable botulinal cells. ... | 1975 | 1106323 |
| the incidence of clostridium botulinum in farmed trout raised in great britain. | 1975 | 1107289 | |
| the inhibition of clostridium botulinum type b and e in salami sausage. | 1975 | 1108623 | |
| growth potential of clostridium botulinum in fresh mushrooms packaged in semipermeable plastic film. | fresh mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) were inoculated in the stem, gill, or cap with clostridium botulinum spores. they were placed with uninoculated mushrooms in paper board trays, which were then covered and sealed in a polyvinyl chloride stretch film to simulate prepackaged mushrooms available at retail stores. when incubated at 20 c, botulinum toxin could be detected as early as day 3, or 4, when the mushrooms still appear edible. mushrooms inoculated in the stem with 1,000 type a spores freq ... | 1975 | 1108793 |
| detection of clostridium botulinum toxin by local paralysis elicited with intramuscular challenge. | clostridium botulinum toxin can be identified by a characteristic, acute local paralysis that follows its injection into the gastrocnemius ("calf" muscle) of mice. the local botulism can be elicited with slightly less than one-tenth the toxin amount that is needed to kill mice by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge route. the practical sensitivities of the intramuscular (i.m.) versus i.p. tests are about equal, however, because maximum sample volume injectable i.m. is 0.1 ml as compared to the ... | 1975 | 1180550 |
| proceedings: immunological specificities of clostridium botulinum type c and d toxins. | 1975 | 1228237 | |
| proceedings: molecular construction of clostridium botulinum type a toxins. | 1975 | 1228240 | |
| proceedings: antigenicities of two fragments of clostridium botulinum type b derivative toxin. | 1975 | 1228241 | |
| a relationship between avian carcasses and living invertebrates in the epizootiology of avian botulism. | a survey of the sources of clostridium botulinum type c toxin possibly utilized as food by aquatic birds in an epizootic area of avian botulism in northern utah showed that living aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates normally found in close association with dead, decomposing birds commonly carried the toxin. of 461 samples associated with 21 species of avian carcasses, 198 were toxin-positive. invertebrate species not normally scavengers of vertebrate tissues were less commonly and less highly ... | 1976 | 1255907 |
| the stability of toxigenicity in clostridium botulinum types c and d. | several type c and d strains of clostridium botulinum, which had been converted to the toxgenic state by phages, were serially transferred through cooked meat medium with and without specific anti-phage serum. most of the converted strains lost their toxigenicity even during transfer without antiserum, and the non-toxigenic variants that appeared were resistant to lysis and conversion by the original phage. however, in some combinations of phage and host bacteria toxigenicity was stable after te ... | 1976 | 1107486 |
| the effect of sublethal doses of rifampin on the sporulation of clostridium botulinum. | sublethal doses of rifampin (0-005 mug/ml), added to vegetatively growing cultures of a sporogenic mutant of clostridium botulinum at inoculation time or after 4 h, resulted in a decrease of growth and in blockage of spore formation. but when rifampin was added 6 to 24 h after inoculation, normal growth and sporulation occurred, indicating that the time of addition was critical and that rifampin was most effective on rapidly dividing, exponential-phase cells. ultrastructural studies showed that ... | 1976 | 1107487 |
| comparison of progenitor toxins of nonproteolytic with those of proteolytic clostridium botulinum type b. | a nonproteolytic strain of clostridium botulinum type b produces two toxins of different molecular weight (16s and 12s) that are indistinguishable from the corresponding toxins of a proteolytic strain in molecular weight and construction but differ in potential toxicity, activation ratio, and hemagglutinability. successful hybridization between the toxic and nontoxic components (both7s) of 12s toxins of biologically heterologous type b strains confirmed the physico-chemical similarity between th ... | 1976 | 818020 |
| novel nucleotides from e. coli isolated and partially characterized. | 1976 | 821487 | |
| [clostridium botulinum toxin type c as a cause of massive death of waterfowls]. | 1976 | 782828 | |
| syndrome of botulism in infancy: clinical and electrophysiologic study. | 1976 | 785257 | |
| [contamination of fish by agents of botulism type f and differentiating it from type e]. | a total of 1859 samples of fish and various sea animals were examined for contamination with causative agent of botulism. the cultural fluid of 4--5-day cultures of the samples was tested in the reaction of neutralization with the diagnostic antitoxic antibotulin sera. types a, b, c, e. the causative agents of botulism (types a--7,b--16, c--5, e--128) were revealed in 156 samples. the sera were diluted to the concentration of 1 iu/ml for differentiation of the toxins types b and f in the neutral ... | 1976 | 785888 |
| [cl. botulinum in the soil of the aral sea coast]. | 1976 | 786796 | |
| phage conversion to hemagglutinin production in clostridium botulinum types c and d. | five toxigenic strains of clostridium botulinum types c and d were incubated at 37 degrees c for 7 days in 15 ml of the following media: lyg medium, cooked-meat medium, egg meat medium, and n-z-amine medium. the supernatants of these cultures were tested for hemagglutinin production with 1% erythrocytes obtained from mice, guinea pigs, chickens, sheep, monkeys, and humans. four toxigenic strains produced hemagglutinin. the highest hemagglutinin titer was obtained with a combination of human eryt ... | 1976 | 786888 |
| suspected botulism in foxhounds. | an outbreak of acute paralysis in a pack of foxhounds, which followed the ingestion of raw and partially cooked meat, was almost certainly due to botulism. botulinal toxin was detected in the serum of one of three hounds which recovered, and clostridium botulinum type c was present in a sample of meat remaining from a batch fed to the hounds. | 1976 | 788323 |
| influence of postirradiation incubation temperature on recovery of radiation-injured clostridium botulinum 62a spores. | the number of colonies formed by unirradiated clostridium botulinum 62a spores was independent of temperature, in the range from 20 to 45 degrees c (in 5 degrees c increments); no colonies developed at 50 degrees c. spores irradiated at 1.2 or 1.4 mrads produced more macrocolonies at 40 degrees c than at higher or lower temperatures. apparently, radiation-injured spores were capable of repair of 40 degrees c than at the other temperatures studied. more than 99% of the radiation (1.2 mrads) survi ... | 1976 | 788635 |
| [clostridium botulinum type c: 1. selection of a highly toxigenic bacterial population from a pure culture]. | 1976 | 788871 | |
| [subacute botulism due to clostridium botulinum type b]. | 1976 | 790202 | |
| n-nitrosamines: a review of chemical and biological properties and their estimation in foodstuffs. | 1976 | 790904 | |
| clostridium botulinum and its importance in fishery products. | 1976 | 790905 | |
| [soluble proteins of the vegetative cells and spores of clostridium botulinum type b and their toxicity]. | by disc microelectrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel proteins of vegetative cells and spores of clostridium botulinum type b were investigated at different growth phases and toxicity of protein zones was measured. protein components of vegetative cells varied in their electrophoretic mobility, depending on the growth phase, and differed significantly from spore proteins. spores contained 1% toxin of vegetative cells. electrophoregrams of intrasporal proteins showed a toxic zone with an approximate ... | 1976 | 792871 |
| toxoid of clostridium botulinum type f: purification and immunogenicity studies. | toxin from clostridium botulinum type f was recovered from dialysis cultures and partially purifed by: (i) ammonium sulfate and ethanol precipitation; (ii) o-(diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose chromatography; or (iii) diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography followed by o-(carboxymethyl)-cellulose chromatography. toxin purities as reflected by specific activity were 1.83 x 10(6), 9.8 x 10(6), and 2.0 x 10(7) mouse 50% lethal doses (ld50)/mg of n, respectively, for toxins purified by the three metho ... | 1976 | 793522 |
| botulinum antitoxins and antibacterial igm and igg antibodies in sera of persons immunized with botulinum polytoxoid combined with cholera vaccine. i. response to botulinum toxoid. | two groups of subjects were immunized with combined vaccine containing aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed botulinum toxoids, types a, b, and e, and 4 mld of formaldehyde-inactivated v. cholerae inaba and ogawa organisms. the first group included laboratory workers who were previously immunized against cholera and had professional contact with botulinum toxins and viable v. cholerae organisms. the second group included young men who were never vaccinated against botulism or cholera. the three-dose immun ... | 1976 | 793566 |
| serological classification and typing of clostridium botulinum. | serological classification of cl. botulinum, based on the antigenic structure of the toxins produced, is distinguished by the behaviour of the toxin-antitoxin mixtures in in vivo neutralization tests. observations on the dissimilarity between strains within types, the behaviour of antitoxins in the cross-neutralization tests, the established concepts of the antigenic structure of the toxin types and the lack of a standard methodology for typing, have led to the definition of the terms efficiency ... | 1976 | 793913 |
| results of potency tests of a vaccine against cl. botulinum type c by different methods. | the potency of vaccine against cl. botulinum type c was tested comparatively in mice, guinea pigs and mink, using the test methods employed in the united states, great britain and sweden. additionally the capacity to withstand challenge to toxin in ferrets was investigated. all species of laboratory animals proved to be protected against high toxin doses. on the other hand the humoral antitoxin titer of the immunized animals was low after one injection. after a second injection or after challeng ... | 1976 | 793914 |
| antitoxin responses to clostridium botulinum vaccines types c and d in guinea pigs. | in guinea pigs, the type c and/or type d antitoxin responses to a single dose of a bivalent or monovalent cl. botulinum vaccine increase markedly between the fourth and ninth week after injection and still increase markedly by the ninth week. for type c, a similar pattern has been found in cattle. antigens of types c and d mutually interfere with the antitoxin responses in guinea pigs. graded doses of vaccine arouse graded antitoxin responses in guinea pigs. stability trials of vaccines have emp ... | 1976 | 793915 |
| [method of quantitative determination of vaccine activity against botulism of the mink]. | lyophilized vaccines prepared according to the method of käber, modified by achmarine, are utilized in the soviet union for the immunization of mink against botulin of the type c-alpha. these vaccines can be conserved more than a year at laboratory temperature without losing their efficacity. a table allows a rapid and accurate determination of the quantity of vaccine to be injected into the mink to provide the same efficacity as a dose of standard vaccine. | 1976 | 793916 |
| [sporogenesis of clostridium botulinum and its regularities]. | 1976 | 794649 | |
| [clostridium botulinum in argentina: present anf future]. | 1976 | 794943 | |
| [evaluation of the immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis of botulinum toxin poisoning in humans. iii. influence of toxinogenic and boticinogenic properties on the sensitivity and specificity of the immunofluorescence test]. | 1976 | 796891 | |
| [bacteriological examinations of tinned fish contaminated with cl. botulinum e after a 3-year storage]. | 1976 | 797600 | |
| the antibody response of cattle to clostridium botulinum types c and d toxoids. | the resistance of cattle with varying serum-antitoxin titres was determined by per os challenge. the results proved that a solid immunity can be produced against c. botulinum toxins c1 and d. the immune response of cattle to various quantities of c. botulinum c1 and d toxoids, aluminium-phosphate-adsorbed and in water-in-oil emulsion was investigated. the response to antigen in water-in-oil emulsion was far superior to the other when they were used for primary and secondary stimuli. when cattle ... | 1976 | 799279 |
| [toxigenicity and bacteriophage in clostridium botulinum (author's transl)]. | 1976 | 800280 | |
| [molecular construction and biological activities of botulinum toxins (author's transl)]. | 1976 | 800282 | |
| antigenicity of converting phages obtained from clostridium botulinum types c and d. | phage conversion of toxigenicity in clostridium botulinum types c and d was accomplished by using nontoxigenic strains and phages purified from plaques. although the morphology of the converting phages seemed to be the same, they were divided into three groups on the basis of their conversion spectrum. the first group consists of phages obtained from toxogenic strains c-stockholm and c-468. the second group consists of phages from strains d-1873 and c-203. the third group consists of phages from ... | 1976 | 773828 |
| trends in methods for detecting food-poisoning toxins produced by clostridium botulinum and staphylococcus aureus. | 1976 | 775646 | |
| incidence of salmonella spp., clostridium botulinum, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in an estuary. | a study of the incidence of salmonella spp., vibrio parahaemolyticus-like organisms, and clostridium botulinum in samples collected at five stations located in the upper chesapeake bay, a major estuary on the atlantic coast of the united states, was conducted in december 1973 through december 1974. c. botulinum types b and e were detected in 12.3% of the total sediment samples examined. v. parahaemolyticus was recovered from 10.4% of a total of 86 water, sediment, and suspended sediment samples. ... | 1976 | 776085 |
| laboratory diagnosis of foodborne diseases. | many bacterial species are responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne intoxication and infection. the foodborne diseases are classified on the basis of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved into four categories: performed toxin, enterotoxin formed in the colonized small intestine, mucosal invasion (enterocolitis) and mucosal invasion with bacteremia. invasive and toxigenic strains of enteropathogenic escherichia coli are discussed. in vivo test systems for the identification of ent ... | 1976 | 184732 |
| [bacteria from the genus of clostridium as causative agents of food poisoning in man (author's transl)]. | 1976 | 185478 | |
| an international survey of clostridial sera and vaccines. | the papers present the results of a survey of the usage, assay and specification of veterinary clostridial sera and vaccines in 23 countries. thirteen of the countries use up to 8 different antisera. all the countries use vaccines, which are prepared from 13 species and types of clostridia. vaccines containing up to 8 such components are commonly employed. criteria for the design and interpretation of assays are discussed and evidence for efficacy summarized. | 1976 | 187508 |
| quality control for fermented meats. | 1976 | 187566 | |
| observations on bacteriophages of clostridium botulinum type c isolates from different sources and the role of certain phages in toxigenicity. | twenty strains of clostridium botulinum type c, including 12 isolates from avian sources with varying toxigenic properties, were examined by electron microscope for the presence of bacteriophages. all toxigenic strains were infected with one or two types of phages. three types of phages designated large, small, and intermediate were observed. most of the strains carried the large and small phage, with the large phage being present in much greater numbers. since there is evidence that highly toxi ... | 1976 | 61735 |
| quantitative chemical analyses and antigenic properties of peptidoglycans from clostridium botulinum and other clostridia. | the cell wall peptodoglycans were isolated from clostridium botulinum and some other species of the genus clostridium by hot formamide extraction and their quantitative chemical composition and antigenic properties were determined. the petidoglycan of c. botulinum type e was found to be a diaminopimelic acid (dap)-containing type composed of glucosamine, muramic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and dap in the molar ratio of 0.76:0.78:1.00:1.88:0.81. all other types of c. botulinum and clostridium sp ... | 1976 | 62070 |
| infant botulism. identification of clostridium botulinum and its toxins in faeces. | clostridium botulinum and its toxin were identified in the faeces of four infants, aged 6 to 13 weeks, who had symptoms consistent with botulism. two cases had type-a toxin and two cases had type-b toxin present in their faeces. no toxin was detectable in sera c. botulinum and toxin could be recovered from faeces more than 8 weeks after admission to hospital. all four cases occurred within a 6-month period. the source of the toxin in these infants may have been in-vivo production from ingested o ... | 1976 | 62164 |
| chemical manipulation of the heat resistance of clostridium botulinum spores. | the chemical forms of clostridium botulinum 62a and 213b were prepared, and their heat resistances were determined in several heating media, including some low-acid foods. the heat resistance of c. botulinum spores can be manipulated up and down by changing chemical forms between the resistant calcium form and the sensitive hydrogen form. the resistant chemical form of type b spores has about three times the classical po4 resistance at 235 f (112.8 c). as measured in peas and asparagus, both typ ... | 1976 | 5056 |
| the tom gibson memorial lecture. the microbiological role of nitrite in meat products. | 1976 | 5778 | |
| extraction and concentration of clostridium botulinum toxins from specimens (author's transl). | in order to detect minimal amounts of clostridium botulinum toxins in animal tissue or food specimens it is necessary to use an extraction method which results in concentration of the botulinal toxins. in the present examinations, artificially contaminated canned beans were used to develop a suitable procedure for extraction and concentration of botulinal toxins a-e. the procedure consisted of 4 steps: 1. canned beans were diluted 1:2 with 0.1 m phosphate buffer ph 6.0. 2. the diluted material w ... | 1976 | 5836 |
| effect of acid and salt concentration in fresh-pack pickles on the growth of clostridium botulinum spores. | the addition of various amounts of acetic acid to pureed cucumbers inoculated with clostridium botulinum spores has shown that outgrowth is inhibited at ph 4.8 but not at ph 5.0. inoculation experiments with whole cucumbers showed that as little as 0.9% acetic acid in the brine was sufficient to prevent outgrowth from spore inocula as high as 10(6)/cucumber. it was further shown that the rapid rate of acetic acid penetration into fresh-pack pickles prevents the growth of any c. botulinum spores ... | 1976 | 9898 |
| growth and toxin production by clostridium botulinum in moldy tomato juice. | tomato juice inoculated with cladosporium sp. or penicillium sp. developed ph gradients with the upper portions near the mold mats having ph values near neutrality and the lower portions remaining more acid. clostridium botulinum spores in these moldy tomato juices germinated, grew out, and produced toxin. | 1976 | 10844 |
| molecular forms of neurotoxins in proteolytic clostridium botulinum type b cultures. | a modified purification method was used to isolate the neurotoxin of proteolytic clostridium botulinum type b strain lamanna. the preparation was found to be a mixture of two protein forms. they were of molecular weight 152,000 and could not be separated by ion-exchange chromatography or electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. one was a single polypeptide chain, and the other was a dichain molecule (nicked toxin) held together by an interchain disulfide bond(s). trypsinization increased the toxic ... | 1976 | 965092 |
| laboratory diagnosis of botulism complicated by pyridostigmine treatment of the patient. a method for selectively removing interfering substances from clinical specimens. | in august 1974, a case of botulism occurred; home-canned potatoes and peas containing clostridium botulinum, type a, were strongly incriminated as the vehicle of transmission. c. botulinum, type a, was isolated from a stool specimen of the patient, but the mouse neutralization test for botulinal toxin could not be completed because the stool extract contained a highly toxic, heat-stable substance that rapidly killed mice. historical and laboratory evidence indicated that the substance was pyrido ... | 1976 | 970375 |
| inactivation of clostridium botulinum toxin by ruminal microbes from cattle and sheep. | toxin from clostridium botulinum type c was rapidly inactivated during incubation in vitro with ruminal contents from either a cow or a sheep. fractions of ruminal contents from which cells had been removed by high-speed centrifugation did not inactivate toxin. inactivation was associated with fractions containing bacteria, whereas fractions containing protozoa and relatively few bacteria were much less active. this activity may help explain the relatively greater tolerance by ruminants to oral ... | 1976 | 984838 |
| effect of storage time and temperature on the survival of clostridium botulinum spores in acid media. | clostridium-botulinum type a and type b spores were stored in tomato juice (ph 4.2) and citric acid-phosphate buffer (ph 4.2) at 4, 22, and 32 degrees c for 180 days. the spore count was determined at different intervals over the 180-day storage period. there was no significant decrease in the number of type a spores in either the tomato juice or citric acid-phosphate buffer stored for 180 days at 4, 22, and 32 degrees c. the number of type b spores did not decrease when storage was at 4 degrees ... | 1977 | 18990 |
| correlation between oral toxicity and in vitro stability of clostridium botulinum type a and b toxins of different molecular sizes. | the in vitro sensitivity to acid and pepsin differed markedly among clostridium botulinum type a and b toxins of different molecular sizes. the larger the molecular size of the toxin, the higher the resistance to these agents. tye b derivative toxin was rapidly inactivated, but the progenitor toxins resisted in vitro exposure to rat intestinal juice. the molecular dissociation of the progenitor toxins did not occur in rat intestinal juice of ph 7.0, but did occur in a buffer solution of the same ... | 1977 | 19355 |
| activation of botulinum toxins in the absence of nicking. | the derivative toxins purified from cultures of proteolytic strains of clostridium botulinum types a and f were found to have been only partially nicked but were fully activated. trypsinization of c. botulinum type b derivative toxin at ph 6.0 resulted in simultaneous activation and nicking, whereas at ph 4.5, activation preceded nicking. the toxin was split by trypsin at ph 6.0 into two fragments with molecular weights of 112, ooo and 57,000. the toxin contained at least three trypsin-sensitive ... | 1977 | 19360 |
| response of type b and e botulinum toxins to purified sulfhydryl-dependent protease produced by clostridium botulinum type f. | a sulfhydryl-dependent protease (shp) was purified from a culture of clostridium botulinum type f. the enzyme can activate type e progenitor toxin completely but type b progenitor toxin only partially. this may suggest that shp by itself could completely activate the toxin of proteolytic c. botulinum types a and f in culture. the toxicity of type e progenitor toxin potentiated by the treatment with shp persisted, whereas that of derivative toxin decreased rapidly by further incubation with shp. ... | 1977 | 20527 |
| [production of the trypsin-activable toxin by clostridium botulinum type c and d strains (author's transl)]. | 1977 | 342740 | |
| the taxonomic position of clostridium botulinum type c. | experimental evidence is produced to justify abandoning the practice of subdividing costridium botulinum type c into type calpha and cbeta. | 1977 | 351507 |
| cultural and physiological characteristics of clostridium botulinum type g and the susceptibility of certain animals to its toxin. | strain 89 of clostridium botulinum type g, isolated by gimenez and ciccarelli in 1969, was characterized culturally, biochemically, and toxigenically. it was motile, hemolytic asaccharolytic, weakly proteolytic, lipase and lecithinase negative, and it produced acetic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acids in peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth. no spores were seen in smears from solid or liquid media. very low levels of toxin were produced in regular broth cultures, but dialysis cultures yie ... | 1977 | 74236 |
| [lipase activity of anaerobic bacteria on glycerol-tributyrate determined by gas-liquid chromatography]. | anaerobic bacteria are classified among other criteria by the presence or absence of phospholipase and lipase. the liquid gas chromatographic method detects with great sensibility the lipasic activity of the anaerobic bacteria. a liidolytic action has been demonstrated in cl. perfringens. | 1977 | 189951 |
| [discreteness of satellite bacterial toxins]. | 1977 | 190828 | |
| an attenuated mink enteritis virus and its use in a trivalent vaccine: studies on safety and antigenicity. | 1977 | 200331 | |
| the low prevalence of clostridium botulinum in the lakes, marshes and waterways of the camargue. | mud samples collected in june 1975 from the lakes, marshes and waterways of the camargue were examined for clostridium botulinum. the grand rhône and petit rhône were shown to contain types b and e, but of 44 samples taken from well distributed sites on the ile de la carmargue, only two (4-5%) were positive and these contained type e alone. the survey indicated a much lower prevalence of cl. botulinum than any encountered in recent surveys of inland aquatic environments elsewhere. | 1977 | 319166 |
| a comparison of the distribution of clostridium botulinum in soil and in lake mud. | in 1975, 25 soil samples were collected from the london area. of these, 20 were obtained 200-300 yards from 20 lakes that had been shown in 1974 to contain mud contaminated with one or more of types of b, c, d, and e of clostridium botulinum. by means of a technique comparable with that use for the examination of mud, the 20 soil samples were found negative. the remaining 5 soil samples, obtained from sites that were not in close proximity to lakes, were also negative except for one that contain ... | 1977 | 319167 |
| syndrome if infant botulism. | 1977 | 320547 | |
| type a botulism from commercially canned beef stew. | two of three persons who ate lunch together became ill with symptoms characteristic of botulism. one died before botulism was suspected and before specimens could be collected for laboratory testing, but a serum specimen from the other patient, who survived, yielded botulinal toxin, type a. the third person remained asymptomatic, but clostridium botulinum type a was cultured from his stool. the three persons had shared two canned foods: home-canned green beans and commercially canned beef stew. ... | 1977 | 320672 |
| avian botulism and the high prevalence of clostridium botulinum in the norflok broads. | an account is given of a severe outbreak of type c botulism in waterfowl that occurred on the norfolk broads during the exceptionally warm summer of 1975. forty-five mud samples were collected from 22 well distributed aquatic sites representing a considerable proportion of the total number of broads. all samples except one (ie, 97-8 per cent) were shown to contain clostridium botulinum and 58 per cent contained more than one type of the organism. types b, c and e were demonstrated in 62-2 per ce ... | 1977 | 320751 |
| acute infantile motor unit disorder. infantile botulism? | eight infants with an acute reversible motor unit disorder are described, including two infants from whom clostridum botulinum type a was isolated from stool specimens. the clinical spectrum includes constipation, cranial nerve deficits, pupillary involvement, and generalized hypotonic weakness. there were no deaths, and all infants have had complete clinical recovery. a characteristic electromyographic (emg) pattern was present in part until clinical recovery. this distinctive pattern consisted ... | 1977 | 320969 |
| infant botulism. epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects. | clostridium botulinum organisms and toxin were identified in the feces of six infants, aged 5 to 20 weeks, who had illnesses clinically consistent with botulism. five of the infants lived in california and became ill within a six-month period in 1976; one infant became ill in new jersey in 1975. three cases were type a botulism, and three were type b. no source of ingested botulinal toxin could be found in any case. however, one infant with type b botulism had ingested a food containing c botuli ... | 1977 | 321825 |
| [contribution to the aetiology and epidemiology of botulism in broiler chickens (authors transl)]. | the second outbreak of botulism in broiler chickens diagnosed in the netherlands is reported. in this case, the source of botulinum toxin was positively located. despite the fact that the owner had emphatically assured that all sick and dead broilers had been carefully removed, several carcasses of broilers, almost unrecognizable at first sight, were found to be present in the litter covering the floor, particularly at the rear of the fowl house. the concentration of toxin in the carcasses in th ... | 1977 | 322364 |
| tailing of survival curves of bacterial spores. | 1977 | 323208 |