Publications

adherence of streptococcus sanguis to conformationally specific determinants in fibronectin.	the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to specific receptors exposed or deposited at the site of endothelial damage may play an important role in the development of infective endocarditis. adherence of the challis strain of s. sanguis to gelatin (or collagen) and gelatin-binding components of plasma was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. s. sanguis adhered poorly to immobilized gelatin and to molecular or fibrillar collagen. however, in the presence of fresh human plasma, the ad ...	1988	2970435
cross-sectional analysis of serum antibody to oral streptococcal antigens in children.	antibodies to s. salivarius, s. sanguis, and s. mutans cells and to glucosyltransferases (gtf) prepared from these micro-organisms were measured in the sera of 133 infants and children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). igg antibody activity to each cell type and gtp was present at birth (presumably derived from maternal transfer) and declined significantly thereafter. igg antibody levels to s. salivarius and s. sanguis were next detected in young children (2 to less than 3 yr group). ...	1988	2971697
characterization of monoclonal antibodies to fimbria-associated adhesins of bacteroides loescheii pk1295.	bacteroides loescheii pk1295 fimbriae, which mediate the lactose-sensitive coaggregation with streptococcus sanguis 34 and the lactose-insensitive coaggregation with actinomyces israelii pk14, were injected into mice to raise adhesin-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). supernatants of hybridomas were screened for the capacity to inhibit coaggregation and agglutinate intact bacteria. of the 10 mabs that were isolated, 4 were specific and potent inhibitors of the coaggregation between b. loesch ...	1988	2891617
localization and enumeration of fimbria-associated adhesins of bacteroides loescheii.	monoclonal antibodies that specifically inhibit coaggregation between bacteroides loescheii pk1295 and its two gram-positive partners streptococcus sanguis 34 and actinomyces israelii pk14 were used to enumerate and localize two distinct types of fimbria-associated adhesins on the surface of b. loescheii. binding studies with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies indicated that a maximum (bmax calculated from scatchard plots) of approximately 400 adhesin molecules specific for s. sanguis and 310 ad ...	1988	2893786
mutants of actinomyces viscosus t14v lacking type 1, type 2, or both types of fimbriae.	mutants of actinomyces viscosus t14v lacking type 1 or type 2 fimbriae or both were selected by their failure to react with rabbit antibodies against either or both fimbrial antigens. immunospecific double labeling with iron dextran and ferritin-conjugated antibodies showed two types of fimbriae on individual cells of the parent organism, a single type on mutant strains with type 1+2- and type 1-2+ fimbriae and no labeled or unlabeled fimbriae on a type 1-2- fimbria-deficient strain. the mutatio ...	1988	2902012
synergistic antibacterial effects of copper and hexetidine against streptococcus sobrinus and streptococcus sanguis.	the aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of copper and hexetidine had a synergistic antibacterial effect against streptococcus sobrinus omz 176 and s. sanguis 10556. concentration ranges of the test agents alone and in combination were prepared by serial dilutions in microtiter trays with brain-heart infusion (bhi) broth as the bacterial growth medium. after incubation at 37 degrees c for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), corresponding to the lowest concentrat ...	1988	3165588
in-vitro adherence of oral streptococci in the presence of sucrose and its relationship to cariogenicity in the rat.	streptococcus sanguis i gave a significantly greater percentage coverage (cell-pellicle attachment) of saliva-coated glass in the presence of sucrose than did strep. sanguis ii (p less than 0.025), and both these gave greater percentage coverages than the other species tested, between which no significant differences were noted. there was a large number of significant differences in clump size (cell-cell attachment) between species-pairs. among the mutans streptococci, there were significant dif ...	1988	3166609
glucan-binding factor in saliva.	high-molecular-weight polymers of alpha-1,6-linked d-glucans are insoluble in alcohol solutions. whole, but not parotid, saliva prevented the precipitation of d-glucans by 80% (vol/vol) ethanol, showing that the whole saliva contained a factor which complexed with the glucan to render it alcohol soluble. the glucan-binding factor was retained on a column of sephacryl s-200 which had been preequilibrated with 80% ethanol. the factor was then eluted with water. passive hemagglutination assays reve ...	1988	3169992
streptococcal adherence on various restorative materials.	the adherence of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556, s. sanguis atcc 10557, s. mutans ingbritt, and s. mutans omz 176 to the surfaces of composite resins, amalgam alloys, and a au-ag-pd alloy was measured. adhesion was correlated with values for hydrophobicity and zeta-potential of the bacteria and the restorative materials. the hydrophobicity of the restoratives showed a positive correlation between the numbers of adherent s. sanguis cells, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions are important f ...	1988	3170897
effect of topical administration of vancomycin versus chlorhexidine on alpha-hemolytic streptococci in oral cavity.	in a crossover study the effect of local vancomycin (paste containing 0.5% vancomycin applied to the gums three times a day for 7 days) versus chlorhexidine mouth rinsing (0.2% chlorhexidine solution twice a day for 7 days) on alpha-hemolytic streptococci in the oral cavity was investigated in eight volunteers. mixed saliva and dental plaque samples were collected for microbiologic analysis before administration, during treatment, and after withdrawal of the agents. the numbers of different alph ...	1988	3174067
coaggregation properties of human oral veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology.	the primary habitats of oral veillonellae are the tongue, dental plaque, and the buccal mucosa. isolates were obtained from each habitat and tested for coaggregation with a battery of other oral bacterial strains. all 59 tongue isolates tested for coaggregation were veillonella atypica or veillonella dispar. all but one of them coaggregated with strains of streptococcus salivarius, a predominant inhabitant of the tongue surface but not subgingival dental plaque. these tongue isolates were unable ...	1988	3178207
specific and nonspecific inhibition of adhesion of oral actinomyces and streptococci to erythrocytes and polystyrene by caseinoglycopeptide derivatives.	various caseinoglycopeptide derivatives prepared from mammalian milk were evaluated as inhibitors of hemagglutinations mediated by actinomyces viscosus ny1, streptococcus sanguis omz9, and, for comparative purposes, plant lectins from arachis hypogaea and bauhinia purpurea. it was found that recognition of the beta-d-galactose-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose carbohydrate chain by actinomyces viscosus ny1 organisms and arachis hypogaea and b. purpurea agglutinins had similar structural r ...	1988	3182077
relationship of subgingival microbial complexes to clinical features at the sampled sites.	subgingival plaque samples from 100 active destructive periodontal lesions and 150 inactive subgingival sites in 33 subjects were analyzed by predominant cultivable microbiota techniques. 50 isolates were characterized from each sample and where possible, the isolate was placed in 1 of 134 microbial species or groups. the sites were clustered on the basis of the proportions of all of the species detected in each sample using a minimum similarity matching coefficient and an average unweighted lin ...	1988	3183069
influence of saliva from 'heavy' and 'light' plaque formers on the colloidal stability of bacterial suspensions.	the influence of parotid saliva on the colloid stability of suspensions of streptococcus sanguis and s. salivarius was studied in groups of previously identified 'heavy' and 'light' plaque formers. for s. sanguis it was observed that addition of parotid saliva from light plaque formers had more pronounced negative influence on the colloid stability than addition of such saliva from heavy plaque formers. no differences were observed for s. salivarius. the results indicate that saliva and bacteria ...	1988	3188846
utilization of a continuous streptococcal surface to measure interbacterial adherence in vitro and in vivo.	cell-to-cell interactions are essential for the formation of dental plaque. a continuous layer of streptococcus sanguis sa-1 cells fixed to a solid surface has been used to evaluate interactions among this bacterium, haemophilus parainfluenzae, and streptococcus sobrinus. s. sanguis cells were attached to a falcon 3001 tissue culture plates or bovine enamel chips, coated with a biological adhesive. scanning electron microscopy of the chips showed the streptococci as a contiguous surface. radiola ...	1988	3198842
effect of zeta potential and surface energy on bacterial adhesion to uncoated and saliva-coated human enamel and dentin.	physicochemical surface characteristics of early plaque-forming bacteria and of human tooth surfaces were measured to establish their role in bacterial adhesion to intact dental tissue slabs. in addition, the influence of an experimental salivary pellicle was evaluated. strains of s. mutans, s. sanguis, s. salivarius, a. viscosus, and a. odontolyticus showed relatively high surface free energies (range, 99-128 mj.m-2) and carried a negative surface charge, at both physiological (mu = 0.057) and ...	1988	3198846
transformation of streptococcus sanguis to intrinsic penicillin resistance.	a series of step-level penicillin-resistant derivatives of streptococcus sanguis v288 (challis) were obtained through successive genetic transformations. the dna donor used was a laboratory-derived, penicillin-resistant multistep mutant of the recipient strain. detection of the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of wild-type and transformants revealed five major pbps. while it was found that s. sanguis can acquire intrinsic resistance in a stepwise manner and the mechanism was similar to those o ...	1988	3199097
adherence of streptococci to surface-modified glass.	four types of surface-modified glass were prepared. aminopropyl glass was prepared by alkylsilylation of glass slides with gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. this glass carries primary amino groups which may be protonated at ph 7.2. owing to the presence of both positively charged ions and hydrophobic ethoxyl groups, the glass is considered to be amphipathic. three other types of surface-modified glass slides were prepared from aminopropyl glass by forming schiff's bases with three aldehydes: glu ...	1988	3199098
the comparative cytotoxicity of periodontal bacteria.	the direct cytotoxicity of sonic extracts (se) from nine periodontal bacteria for human gingival fibroblasts (hgf) was compared. equivalent dosages (in terms of protein concentration) of se were used to challenge hgf cultures. the cytotoxic potential of each se was assessed by its ability to (1) inhibit hgf proliferation, as measured by direct cell counts; (2) inhibit 3h-thymidine incorporation in hgf cultures; or (3) cause morphological alterations of the cells in challenged cultures. the highe ...	1988	3204481
inhibition of plaque formation and plaque acidogenicity by zinc and chlorhexidine combinations.	zinc ions and chlorhexidine (ch) were found to exhibit a synergistic inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of s. sobrinus omz 176 and of s. sanguis 10556. a clinical mouthrinsing experiment was performed in a group of 10 volunteers to assess the plaque-inhibiting capacity of this combination. sucrose enhanced plaque accumulations were assessed (plaque index, silness & löe) after 4 days of twice daily mouthrinses with 10 ml aqueous solutions of either 10.0 mm zinc or 0.55 mm ch, or with a combinat ...	1988	3206200
partial characterisation of the inhibitory substances produced by streptococcus oralis and related species.	the production of inhibitory substances was sought by deferred antagonism. streptococcus oralis, streptococcus mitis and streptococcus sanguis produced bactericidal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, but no detectable bacteriocin. actinomycetes and neisseria pharyngis were particularly susceptible to the lethal action of hydrogen peroxide. streptococcus milleri produced bactericidal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocin-like substances. s. oralis strains were inhibited by the bac ...	1988	3216798
dangers of an uncomplicated tooth extraction. a case of streptococcus sanguis meningitis.		1988	3224048
interaction between wild-type, mutant and revertant forms of the bacterium streptococcus sanguis and the bacterium actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in vitro and in the gnotobiotic rat.	in vitro, streptococcus sanguis inhibits the growth of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a presumed aetiological agent of localized juvenile periodontitis. when provided with glucose and good aeration, a growing culture of strep. sanguis was found to produce hydrogen peroxide at concentrations in excess of the maximum ld50 reported for strains of a. actinomycetemcomitans. this concentration of hydrogen peroxide also inhibits the growth of the producer organism. a mutant of strep. sanguis was ...	1988	3228385
[anaphylactoid purpura and streptococcus sanguis--culture medium of streptococcus sanguis induce c3c binding activity on vascular endothelial cells].		1988	3230655
interactions between plaque bacteria: final report on project.		1988	3245810
[a clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in the treatment of meibomianitis].	this study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the safety of sultamicillin (sbtpc) fine granules in the treatment of patients with meibomianitis. a dose of 375 mg sbtpc granules was orally given to 10 patients with meibomianitis after each meal, three times a day. the results obtained are summarized as follows. efficacies were rated as good in 7 cases, fair in 2 and poor in 1 with an efficacy ratio of 70.0%. no side effects were observed throughout the study. the organisms isolat ...	1988	3249376
a case of polymicrobial infective endocarditis involving neisseria mucosa occurring in an intravenous drug abuser.	the incidence of polymicrobial endocarditis has increased markedly in recent years, in association with the increasing level of abuse of intravenous drugs. neisseria mucosa, an upper respiratory tract commensal, is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. we report the first case of polymicrobial infective endocarditis involving neisseria mucosa occurring in an intravenous drug abuser.	1988	3250412
evidence for the existence of two classes of corncob (coaggregation) receptor in fusobacterium nucleatum.		1988	3254470
isolation and characterization of a non-adherent mutant of streptococcus sanguis g9b.		1988	3254471
effect of hemoglobin and of ferric ammonium citrate on the virulence of periodontopathic bacteria.		1988	3254476
bacterial agglutinin activity in the saliva of human identical and fraternal twins.	the major factor in human saliva responsible for the specific aggregation of oral streptococci is a high molecular-weight glycoprotein (agglutinin). to determine if the level of this glycoprotein in whole and parotid saliva was genetically determined, agglutinin activity for streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans in saliva obtained from identical and fraternal twins was compared. evidence for the heritability of agglutinin activity and also parotid flow rate and total protein was obtaine ...	1988	3257085
cell surface mutants of streptococcus sanguis with altered adherence properties.		1988	3268752
[isolation and identification of bacteria lytic against streptococcus sanguis from dental plaque of young children].		1988	3269906
[the effect of air-powder abrasive instrument on prosthodontic materials].		1988	3274139
microbiological and immunological studies of adult periodontitis in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	the subgingival microflora and serum antibody response was examined in periodontitis patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm), impaired glucose tolerance (igt), and normal glucose tolerance (ngt). the predominant cultivable microflora was determined for subgingival plaque sampled from two deep periodontal pockets in each of eight adult periodontitis patients with niddm. indirect immunofluorescence for bacteroides intermedius, bacteroides gingivalis, and haemophilus actinomyce ...	1988	3276868
isolation and structure of a new ansamycin antibiotic kanglemycin a from a nocardia.		1988	3281924
[endocarditis prophylaxis with amoxicillin, clindamycin or erythromycin? serum bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against streptococcus viridans].	the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis against endocarditis was assessed by testing the bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in serum of 12 healthy volunteers who had taken the recommended antibiotics according to laid down guidelines. blood was obtained from these subjects every two hours for 12 hours after oral intake of amoxicillin (3 g as a single dose), clindamycin (600 mg a single dose) or erythromycin (1.5 g plus another 0.5 g after six hours), the serum being tested against three ...	1988	3292185
cloning of the gene encoding streptococcal immunoglobulin a protease and its expression in escherichia coli.	we have identified and cloned a 6-kilobase-pair segment of chromosomal dna from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 that encodes immunoglobulin a (iga) protease activity when cloned into escherichia coli. the enzyme specified by the iga gene in plasmid pjg1 accumulates in the periplasm of e. coli mm294 cells and has a substrate specificity for human iga1 identical to that of native s. sanguis protease. hybridization experiments with probes from within the encoding dna showed no detectable homology ...	1988	3294181
evidence for natural gene transfer from gram-positive cocci to escherichia coli.	high-level resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin type b (mls) antibiotics in escherichia coli bm2570 is due to the presence on the conjugative plasmid pip1527 of the mls resistance determinant ermbc, which is almost identical to the erm genes previously described in plasmid pam77 from streptococcus sanguis (ermam) and in transposon tn917 from enterococcus faecalis (ermb). this gene and its regulatory region are located downstream from the insertion sequence is1. the 23s rrna methylas ...	1988	2832378
host-vector system for integration of recombinant dna into chromosomes of transformable and nontransformable streptococci.	we describe a genetic system in which transformation of streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus sanguis was used to insert recombinant dna into the conjugative chromosomal element omega (cat tetm) 6001 (omega 6001). the element containing the recombinant dna was then transferred by conjugation to the chromosome of transformable and nontransformable streptococci. when escherichia coli plasmid pdp36 was used as donor in transformation, it was capable of inserting 5.9 kilobases of heterologous d ...	1988	2832394
intergeneric and intrageneric conjugal transfer of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance determinants in leuconostoc spp.	transfer of the broad-host-range resistance plasmids pip501 and pam beta 1 from streptococcus faecalis to leuconostoc dextranicum and leuconostoc cremoris occurred between cells that were immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of dnase. transfer of pip501 to leuconostoc spp. also occurred when streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus lactis were used as donors. in addition, transfer of pip501 and pam beta 1 was observed from l. cremoris and l. dextranicum transconjugants to s. sang ...	1988	2833158
cloning and characterization of the tetracycline resistance determinant of and several promoters from within the conjugative transposon tn919.	tn919 is a 15- to 16-kilobase (kb) tetracycline resistance conjugative transposon that was originally isolated from streptococcus sanguis fc1. the tetracycline resistance determinant (tet) was found on a 4.2-kb hindii fragment by in vitro deletion analysis. this fragment was subcloned to a pwv01 origin capable of directing replication in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and streptococcus lactis, and expression was observed in all three genera. in all cases, expression was weaker when only th ...	1988	2839111
nucleotide sequence analysis of tetracycline resistance gene teto from streptococcus mutans dl5.	streptococcus mutans dl5, isolated from the dental plaque of a pig, was resistant to high levels of streptomycin (sm, 20 mg/ml), erythromycin (em, 1 mg/ml), and tetracycline (tc, greater than 100 micrograms/ml), but contained no detectable plasmid dna. the smr and emr determinants were cloned from cellular dna on the self-replicating 5-kilobase-pair (kbp) ecori fragment of pam beta 1 and the 4.2-kbp cryptic plasmid pva380-1, respectively, by transformation of streptococcus sanguis challis. helpe ...	1988	2841293
characterization of an adhesion antigen of streptococcus sanguis g9b.	an antigen possessing the attributes of an adhesion has been identified in streptococcus sanguis g9b. cell surface components were extracted from g9b and a spontaneously occurring nonadherent mutant of g9b, strain adh-, with a 2 mm barbital buffer, ph 8.6. the extract of g9b but not of adh- absorbed more than 80% of the adhesion-inhibitory activity of anti-g9b immunoglobulin g (igg). immunoblots revealed 80- and 52-kilodalton (kda) antigens present in the g9b extract but not in the adh- extract. ...	1988	2842262
role of the arginine deiminase system in protecting oral bacteria and an enzymatic basis for acid tolerance.	the arginine deiminase system was found to function in protecting bacterial cells against the damaging effects of acid environments. for example, as little as 2.9 mm arginine added to acidified suspensions of streptococcus sanguis at a ph of 4.0 resulted in ammonia production and protection against killing. the arginine deiminase system was found to have unusual acid tolerance in a variety of lactic acid bacteria. for example, for streptococcus rattus fa-1, the ph at which arginolysis was reduce ...	1988	2843090
differential modulation of adherence of oral streptococci by human neutrophil myeloperoxidase.	in this study, the modulation of adherence of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-producing and non-h2o2-producing strains of oral streptococci by the host leukocyte enzyme myeloperoxidase (mpo) was examined. it was found that exposure to mpo decreased adherence of many strains of oral streptococci to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads in the presence of exogenous h2o2 and chloride. the mpo-h2o2-cl-system increased the adherence of one strain. in the absence of exogenous h2o2, the mpo-h2o2-cl-system decrea ...	1988	2844867
inhibition of adhesion of viridans streptococci to fibronectin-coated hydroxyapatite beads by lipoteichoic acid.	fibronectin-coated hydroxyapatite (fnha) beads were used in a model adhesion assay to isolate the lipoteichoic acid (lta) mediated adhesion of oral streptococci. representative strains of the commonly isolated viridans streptococci were incubated with fnha beads in the presence and absence of exogenous lta. the lta inhibited the adhesion of all strains to a greater or lesser extent, but only a very few strains were inhibited by more than 90%. strains of streptococcus sanguis type ii and streptoc ...	1988	2854117
penicillin tolerance among oral streptococci.	penicillin tolerance was elicited in 18 of 46 strains of viridans streptococci isolated from the mouths of 19 of 20 healthy subjects and in 31 of 54 consecutive blood-culture isolates of streptococci. enterococci and streptococcus sanguis were the organisms most frequently tolerant but the property was also common among isolates of s. mutans, s. mitior and lancefield group g streptococci. pneumococci and s. salivarius were rarely tolerant. when incubated with penicillin at 5 x mic in batch or co ...	1988	3050106
fibrillar strains of streptococcus sanguis biotype i carry a surface protein which cross-reacts with antigen b from streptococcus mutans ingbritt.		1988	3075993
coaggregation of eikenella corrodens with oral bacteria mediated by bacterial lectin-like substance.		1988	3078103
use of lytic bacteriophage for actinomyces viscosus t14v as a probe for cell surface components mediating intergeneric coaggregation.	a lytic bacteriophage for actinomyces viscosus t14v (the reference strain for actinomyces coaggregation group a) was isolated from raw sewage. this phage, designated bf307, also lysed the t14v-derived nonfimbriated mutant pk455-2 as well as a. viscosus mg-1 and t14av but not the other serotype 2 or serotype 1 strains of this species that were tested or any of nine actinomyces naeslundii isolates. phages bf307 belonged to bradley morphological group c and was similar in appearance to the a. visco ...	1988	3335409
streptococcus sanguis surface antigens and their interactions with saliva.	saliva-binding molecules of streptococcus sanguis and their receptors were investigated. streptococcal cell surfaces were extracted with a barbital buffer and examined immunochemically. strains g9b and blackburn, which adhere specifically to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite via immunologically related adhesins, possess 80-, 62-, and 52-kilodalton (kda), and 52-, 42-, and 29-kda polypeptides, respectively, which correlate with adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. nonadherent strains adh- and m-5 ...	1988	3335410
effect of nutritional constraints on the biosynthesis of the components of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system in a fresh isolate of streptococcus mutans.	a procedure for the purification of enzyme i (ei) and the protein hpr, the general components of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, from streptococcus mutans serotype c is presented. the method was also applied successfully to the purification of ei and hpr from streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sobrinus, and streptococcus sanguis. using specific antibodies obtained against the proteins purified from s. mutans dr0001, we determined quantitatively by rocket electrophor ...	1988	3338847
response of a streptococcus sanguis strain to arginine-containing peptides.	for dental plaque organisms such as streptococcus sanguis, the ecological importance of the ability to utilize arginine as an energy source has been established in previous studies. the present investigation was undertaken to determine the ability of a strain of s. sanguis to process unsubstituted arginine-containing peptides. the organism was grown under glucose-limited conditions in a chemically defined medium, and peptide was added to washed, resting cells in a ph-stat at ph 7.0. filtrates ta ...	1988	3343053
cloning of a streptococcus sanguis adhesin which mediates binding to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite.	chromosomal dna from a salivary aggregating strain of streptococcus sanguis 12 was partially digested with psti and ligated into the plasmid vector puc18 and transformed into escherichia coli jm83. a total of 1,700 recombinant clones of e. coli were examined by a colony immunoassay with antisera raised against either s. sanguis 12 whole cells or s. sanguis 12 surface fibrils. five clones which reacted with one or the other antiserum were shown to be unique by western blotting (immunoblotting) an ...	1988	3356463
nitrate- and nitrite-reducing bacteria in the achlorhydric stomach.	the microbial composition of samples of gastric juice from eight achlorhydric patients was determined by aerobic and rigorously anaerobic culture techniques. bacteria from 16 genera were commonly isolated, but representatives of only three genera, (streptococci, neisseriae and haemophili) were isolated from every patient. nitrate and nitrite were both reduced by veillonellae, haemophili, staphylococci, corynebacteria, lactobacilli, flavobacteria and fusobacteria, but the potential rate of nitrat ...	1988	3357192
relatively penicillin-resistant streptococcus sanguis endocarditis in an adolescent.		1988	3357720
a polysaccharide from streptococcus sanguis 34 that inhibits coaggregation of s. sanguis 34 with actinomyces viscosus t14v.	coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34 depends on interaction of a lectin on a. viscosus t14v with a cell surface carbohydrate on s. sanguis 34. this carbohydrate was isolated, and its chemical makeup was established. the carbohydrate remained attached to s. sanguis 34 cells through extraction with triton x-100 and treatment with pronase. it was cleaved from the cell residue by autoclaving and purified by differential centrifugation and column chromatography ...	1988	3360742
predictors of endocarditis in isolates from cultures of blood following dental extractions in rats with periodontal disease.	rats with periodontitis and catheter-induced aortic valve vegetations underwent dental extractions. cultures of blood obtained 1 min later showed polymicrobial bacteremia in 19 of 19 rats, mostly due to viridans streptococci (18 of 19), morganella (15 of 19), group g streptococci (13 of 19), and staphylococcus aureus (10 of 19). viridans streptococci circulated in higher numbers than did group g streptococci and s. aureus (p less than .01). three days after dental extractions, 18 of 20 rats had ...	1988	3361156
acute vertebral osteomyelitis complicating streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.	the first well documented case of acute pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis presenting as the initial manifestation of streptococcus sanguis endocarditis is reported. the importance of suspecting vertebral osteomyelitis in the presence of disc infection and the diagnostic value of imaging procedures are underlined.	1988	3365031
intergeneric rosettes: sequestered surface recognition among human periodontal bacteria.	the human oral bacteria, streptococcus sanguis and bacteroides loescheii, when mixed in equal numbers in vitro, formed large settling coaggregates. as the relative number of each cell type was changed, coaggregates became smaller until at cell-type ratios of 10 to 1, rosettes formed. rosettes consisting of a streptococcal cell in the center surrounded by bacteroides cells exhibited surface recognition properties of only the bacteroides, which coaggregated with many other cell types such as actin ...	1988	3377498
cloning and expression of a streptococcus sanguis surface antigen that interacts with a human salivary agglutinin.	human saliva contains a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein (agglutinin) which binds to specific streptococci in a calcium-dependent reaction leading to the formation of bacterial aggregates. we report the cloning of a gene encoding a surface antigen from streptococcus sanguis m5 and show that the expressed protein inhibits agglutinin-mediated aggregation and specifically binds the salivary agglutinin in a calcium-dependent fashion. clones isolated from the immunological screening of s. sanguis m ...	1988	3410546
conjugal transfer of group b streptococcal plasmids and comobilization of escherichia coli-streptococcus shuttle plasmids to lactobacillus plantarum.	the antibiotic resistance group b streptococcal plasmids, pip501 and pva797, were conjugally transferred from streptococcus faecalis to lactobacillus plantarum. the escherichia coli-streptococcus shuttle plasmids, pva838 and psa3, were mobilized from s. sanguis to l. plantarum by pva797 via cointegrate formation. pva838 readily resolved from pva797 and was present in l. plantarum as deletion derivatives. the pva797::psa3 cointegrate failed to resolve in l. plantarum.	1988	3132101
bacterial endocarditis: a complication of gastroscopy.		1988	3132227
effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-pa) on streptococcus sanguis-infected endocardial vegetations in vitro.	the effects were studied of in-vitro exposure to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-pa) on endocardial vegetations isolated from rabbits with streptococcus sanguis endocarditis as well as on str. sanguis-infected plasma clots. for both vegetations and clots t-pa induced lysis of the infected fibrin matrix, demonstrated by a release of streptococci into the incubation medium and by an increase in the concentration of fibrin degradation products. the clots decreased in weight, whereas only parti ...	1988	3134321
expression of the human interferon-alpha 1 gene under transcriptional and translational control of the spea gene.	the human gene for mature interferon-alpha 1 (ifn-alpha 1) was inserted in a new transcription-translation fusion vector system based on the expression and secretion signals of the gene for type a streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin, spea. as deduced from the known nucleotide sequences of the component elements, the encoded ifn-alpha 1 was a fusion protein carrying an n-terminal extension of 17 amino acids. when inserted in appropriate vectors capable of replication in escherichia coli, bacillus su ...	1988	3139861
biological and biochemical characterization of novel lipid-like antibacterial substances (mutalipocins) produced by streptoccus mutans strain 32k.	two novel antibacterial substances (designated mutalipocins) have been isolated from the culture supernatant of streptoccus mutans strain 32k (serotype c). the mutalipocins were purified by extraction of the culture supernatant with light petroleum (b.p. range 30-60 degrees c), followed by lobar column chromatography on lichroprep rp-8. hplc indicated that both mutalipocin preparations (ml-i and ml-ii) were homogeneous. the mr values of ml-i and ml-ii were less than 1000. both mutalipocins were ...	1988	3141562
[isolation of viridans streptococci from the lesions of periodontal diseases].		1988	3145314
[studies of artificial plaque: comparison of the adherence ability of 5 cariogenic bacteria in vitro].		1988	3148416
[analysis of extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by cariogenic bacteria in mixed cultures].		1988	3149621
the complete structure of the capsular polysaccharide from streptococcus sanguis 34.	a complete structure for the capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus sanguis 34, which is responsible for coaggregation of this bacterium with actinomyces viscosus t14v, an important step in the formation of dental plaque, is proposed, based partly on the 1h-n.m.r. spectrum, which was assigned by 2-dimensional cosy, homonuclear hartmann-hahn spectroscopy, and nuclear overhauser effects. a phosphoric diester linkage was identified from the 31p-n.m.r. spectrum, and the linkage was determined from ...	1989	2582463
evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro of ten root canal sealers on streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans.	the antimicrobial activity of ten root canal sealers was studied on streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans. one hundred plates of trypticase soy agar-sheep red blood cell (10%), each with four distinct 3 mm diameter wells, were divided into two groups of 50 by means of the lawn technique; one group was inoculated with s. sanguis and the other with s. mutans. four milligrams of each root canal sealer was placed in each of three wells in 10 plates (five plates of each inoculant); the fourt ...	1989	2594327
procoagulant activity of endocardial vegetations and blood monocytes in rabbits with streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.	to investigate activation of the coagulation system in bacterial endocarditis, we determined the procoagulant activity of blood monocytes isolated from rabbits with streptococcus sanguis-infected or sterile catheter-induced endocardial vegetations. this activity was determined directly after isolation from the peripheral blood and after stimulation in vitro by either endotoxin or by phagocytosis of s. sanguis. the procoagulant activity of the vegetations of these rabbits was also determined. the ...	1989	2595656
a study of in vitro attachment of streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus to saliva-treated titanium.	this study examined the initial attachment of streptococcus sanguis g9-b and actinomyces viscosus t14v to saliva-treated powdered enamel and titanium surfaces. using an in vitro adherence model, significantly lower numbers of actinomyces viscosus t14v bound to the saliva-treated titanium surface when compared to that of the similarly treated enamel. the binding of streptococcus sanguis g9-b to titanium or enamel did not vary significantly. a comparison of the percentage of cells bound to the tit ...	1989	2599579
the microflora associated with the development of initial enamel decalcification below orthodontic bands in vivo in children living in a fluoridated-water area.	thirty-four caries-free teeth destined for orthodontic extraction were banded to provide a protected area for the accumulation of plaque. the teeth were extracted at one, two, four, eight, and 14 days after being banded, and samples of the flora below the band were analyzed for the presence of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus 'mitior', 'mutans streptococci', actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, actinomyces odontolyticus, lactobacillus species, and veillonella. after plaque sampling, ...	1989	2600252
effects of varnishes containing chlorhexidine on the human dental plaque flora.	this study describes the effects of varnishes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 40% chlorhexidine diacetate on the microflora of human fissure dental plaque. sandarac, a natural resin, was used as the varnish base. ten subjects, each with at least four sound fissures harboring high levels of streptococcus mutans, participated in the study. the fissures in each of the individuals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, in each of which one of the varnishes was tested. the varnish treatment ...	1989	2600262
cultural and electronmicroscopic studies of the effect of penicillin on tolerant oral streptococci.	penicillin-tolerant and -sensitive strains of oral streptococci were treated with penicillin to determine the production of a post-antibiotic effect (pae). no pae was seen with any of the s. sanguis strains tested but most strains of the other oral streptococcal species produced a pae. cultures on nitrocellulose filters treated with penicillin were examined by scanning electronmicroscopy and showed that tolerant and sensitive strains lost the ability to adhere to the filter after application of ...	1989	2600959
a study of the dental health of patients undergoing heart valve surgery.	the mouth is a possible source of infection in patients receiving prosthetic heart valves. in this study, the dental health of such patients was found to be very poor. whilst most of the patients were asymptomatic, only two were dentally fit and 65% required the extraction of one or more teeth. on average, patients had not attended a dental practice for more than 9 years. this level of dental neglect, in a group of patients particularly at risk, is alarming and this study indicates that a higher ...	1989	2602235
a comparison between the elemental surface compositions and electrokinetic properties of oral streptococci with and without adsorbed salivary constituents.	in order to characterize the functional cell surface, isoelectric points and elemental surface concentration, the ratios of nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus to carbon of saliva-coated strains were determined by ph-dependent zeta potential measurements and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compared with those of uncoated strains. the measurements of potential were carried out on completely hydrated cells, whereas the spectroscopy was on freeze-dried micro-organisms. the small increase in the ni ...	1989	2610623
osteomyelitis associated with chronic periodontitis: a report of three cases.	correctly differentiating between periodontal abscess (localized, acute suppurative infection of the periodontium) and osteomyelitis (the extension of an infection into the bone medullary cavity) is crucial since the former may not require antibiotics for resolution, while the latter will. initial assessment and treatment of osteomyelitis should be based on clinical examination, radiographic interpretation, and experience. three case histories of osteomyelitis are presented, ranging from a perio ...	1989	2614636
meningitis following bacteremia with streptococcus sanguis.		1989	2626226
properties of a phosphocarrier protein (hpr) extracted from intact cells of streptococcus sanguis.	cells of streptococcus sanguis strain challis were incubated with sodium lauroylsarcosinate to extract surface proteins. a polypeptide of apparent molecular mass 16 kda comprising about 12% of the extract was purified using anion-exchange chromatography. the polypeptide was shown to be a phosphocarrier protein (hpr) that could also be found in the soluble (cytoplasmic) fraction from cells broken by homogenization with glass beads. in vivo labelling of s. sanguis cells with 32pi showed that the p ...	1989	2636256
[chemiluminescence and phagocytic reactions of human nuclear leukocytes incubated with streptococcus sanguis].	this experiment was designed to determine the role of indigenous organisms in gingival inflammation of the oral cavity, the test bacteria consisted of 3 strains of streptococcus sanguis isolated from plaque at the gingival margin and grown in sure culture. these strains were subsequently designated as a, b and c. peripheral nuclear leukocytes were isolated from 5 test subjects with clinically healthy gingiva. luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and phagocytic functions of the 3 strains were meas ...	1989	2637295
technical note: antimicrobial action of glass-ionomer lining cement on s. sanguis and s. mutans.	there are a number of glass-ionomer lining cements available to the profession. it is generally agreed that the glass-ionomer cements demonstrate reasonably good biocompatibility. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of six glass-ionomer cements on s. sanguis and s. mutans. forty-eight plates of tsa-srbc (10%), each with 3.0-mm-diam. wells, were divided into two groups (1 and 2) of 24 each. group 1 was inoculated with s. sanguis (10558) and group 2 with s. mutans ...	1989	2638272
fibrinogen binding and resistance to phagocytosis of streptococcus sanguis expressing cloned m protein of streptococcus pyogenes.	the biological properties of streptococcus pyogenes m protein cloned and expressed in s. sanguis were investigated. the spm-5 gene previously cloned into escherichia coli was subcloned into the e. coli-s. sanguis shuttle plasmid pva838 to produce a newly constructed plasmid, pbk100. cells of s. sanguis transformed with pbk100 expressed 53-, 55-, and 58-kilodalton polypeptides reacting with type 5 m protein antiserum in immunoblots. the m protein was expressed on the surface of s. sanguis cells a ...	1989	2642469
saliva-mediated aggregation of enterococcus faecalis transformed with a streptococcus sanguis gene encoding the ssp-5 surface antigen.	the interaction of a high-molecular-weight salivary glycoprotein (agglutinin) with streptococcus sanguis m5 leads to the formation of bacterial aggregates. we have previously shown that the ssp-5 surface antigen from s. sanguis m5 binds the salivary agglutinin and therefore may be involved in the aggregation process. here we report the transformation of a nonaggregating enterococcus faecalis strain with the ssp-5 gene and show that the protein is expressed on the cell surface and confers an aggr ...	1989	2651309
a double-blinded comparative evaluation of three media for chromophore testing with viridans and nutritionally variant (deficient) streptococci.	a double-blinded prospective comparison of chromophore testing among 109 clinical isolates of alpha-hemolytic gram-positive cocci and 48 strains of nutritionally variant (deficient) streptococci (nvs) for its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value under stimulated clinical laboratory conditions was performed after growth in three different media--todd-hewitt broth supplemented with 10 micrograms/ml of pyridoxal (thbp), thbp with 0.8% (w/v) yeast-extract (thbp + ye), and a semisynthetic c ...	1989	2655426
characteristics of a protease of streptococcus sanguis g9b which degrades the major salivary adhesin.	an endogenous enzyme present in cell surface extracts of streptococcus sanguis strain g9b degraded the major salivary adhesin of the organism. the enzyme showed optimal activity between 50 and 65 degrees c and was inactivated at higher temperatures. the activity at these unusually high temperatures seemed to be a consequence of release from the cell surface since intact whole g9b cells showed greater activity at 37 degrees c. the enzyme was not found in culture supernatants of g9b cells. the ph ...	1989	2656394
relationship of subgingival plaque flora to lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid.	examining the relationships among indicators of the acute inflammatory response in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) and specific bacterial species in subgingival plaque may provide indications of which bacterial species or groups of species may be associated with potentially destructive host-derived processes. here we report on the relationship of the subgingival plaque flora to the activity of mammalian forms of the enzymes beta-glucuronidase (beta g), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and arylsulfat ...	1989	2656765
iga1 proteases of oral streptococci: ecological aspects.	the ecology and identity of iga1 protease-producing streptococci in the human oral cavity were studied in an attempt to obtain insight into the significance of iga1 proteases for host-parasite relationships. contrary to previous observations, a detailed taxonomic analysis of oral streptococci revealed that all strains of s. sanguis and s. oralis ("s.mitior") produced iga1 protease. in addition, iga1 protease activity was observed in some isolates of s.mitis. of the streptococci that initiate pla ...	1989	2659509
isolation of a coaggregation-inhibiting cell wall polysaccharide from streptococcus sanguis h1.	coaggregation between streptococcus sanguis h1 and capnocytophaga ochracea atcc 33596 cells is mediated by a carbohydrate receptor on the former and an adhesin on the latter. two methods were used to release the carbohydrate receptor from the gram-positive streptococcus, autoclaving and mutanolysin treatment. the polysaccharide released from the streptococcal cell wall by either treatment was purified by ion-exchange chromatography; this polysaccharide inhibited coaggregation when preincubated w ...	1989	2661543
comparison of different assays for the aggregation of oral bacteria by human whole saliva.	for comparison, human whole saliva-induced aggregation was studied by phase-contrast microscopy, spectrophotometry combined with macroscopic observations, and in microtiterplate assay under identical experimental conditions for actinomyces viscosus hg 85 (t14-v) and hg 380 (t14-av), bacteroides gingivalis hg 66 (w 83), streptococcus rattus hg 59 (bht), and streptococcus sanguis i hg 169. the entire process of formation, extension, and sedimentation of aggregates could merely be observed by the c ...	1989	2662902
the streptokinase gene of group a streptococci: cloning, expression in escherichia coli, and sequence analysis.	the gene specifying the group a streptokinase (ska) gene was cloned from an m type 49 strain of streptococcus pyogenes and shown to express in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the dna fragment carrying ska was determined and compared to that of the group c streptokinase gene (skc). there is 90% sequence identity between the two genes, with highly conserved transcription and translation control regions. the deduced amino acid sequence of the group a streptokinase (ska) contains the sa ...	1989	2668686
lingual abscess: the value of ultrasound in diagnosis.	a case of lingual abscess is presented. the sparsity of physical signs made ultrasound imaging an invaluable investigation in the diagnosis.	1989	2685149
novel shuttle vectors for improved streptokinase expression in streptococci and bacterial l-forms.	novel shuttle vectors of small size and increased copy number capable of replication in escherichia coli, l-forms of proteus mirabilis, and streptococci were constructed from a streptococcal erythromycin-resistant plasmid and an escherichia coli phasmid. the streptokinase gene, skc, was inserted into one of them, and skc expression was studied in streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus lactis, and in an l-form strain (lvi) of proteus mirabilis. the new streptokinase shuttle plasmid, pmls10 (7.3 kb) ...	1989	2693202
cloning and expression of an adhesin antigen of streptococcus sanguis g9b in escherichia coli.	a genomic library of streptococcus sanguis, strain g9b, was constructed and expressed in escherichia coli using a lambda gt11 expression vector. the amplified library was probed with polyclonal anti-g9b igg and 13 antigen-positive clones were isolated. a lysate of one clone, designated pp39, absorbed the adhesion-inhibitory activity of anti-g9b igg. this clone contained an insert of approximately 2000 bp and expressed unique 200 and 53 kda proteins that reacted with monospecific anti-adhesin ant ...	1989	2695596
[in vitro study of bacterial invasion in radicular dentin].	the purpose of this study was to investigate whether plaque bacteria invade exposed radicular dentin after root planing or chemical root treatment in vitro. pieces of dentin were cut out from impacted third molars. the surface of all dentin pieces was treated with sandpaper (#240) so as to make the surface roughness of dentin pieces equal to that of the root surface after root planing (rp surface). half of the dentin pieces were treated with citric acid (ph 1.0) for 3 minutes (ca surface). after ...	1989	2700355
alveolar epithelial responses in experimental streptococcal pneumonia.	we describe an experimental model of pneumonia in wistar rats evoked by streptococcus sanguis. the lesion developed rapidly as a confluent bronchopneumonia of the single-lobed left lung. except at the extreme base, where an abscess formed, the pneumonic process thereafter resolved, and most of the lung appeared microscopically and ultrastructurally normal 8 days after infection. sequential electron microscopic studies revealed that in the areas of lung which subsequently resolved, damage was res ...	1989	2715880
molecular analysis of viridans and nutritionally deficient (variant) streptococci causing sequential episodes of endocarditis in a patient.	clinical blood isolates from sequential episodes of endocarditis occurring over a six-month period of time in an addict were investigated. the pathogens were streptococcus sanguis ii, streptococcus mitis, and a nutritionally deficient (variant) streptococcus. the authors determined the dna relatedness of these isolates by antibiograms, plasmid profiles, chromosomal endonuclease restriction digestions, and dot blot dna-dna hybridization analyses. the s. sanguis ii and nutritionally deficient stre ...	1989	2718964
detachment of oral bacteria from saliva-coated hydroxyapatite by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) demonstrated the ability to detach actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii and streptococcus sanguis from saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (sha). between 60 to 80% of bacteria were detached within 1 hour at pmn-to-bacteria ratios between 1:10 to 1:22. detachment was enhanced by treating bacteria with fresh but not heat-inactivated normal human serum. detachment of serum-treated a. viscosus was inhibited by cytochalasin b, l-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethylchlorom ...	1989	2724035