Publications

integration of heterologous dna into the genome of paracoccus denitrificans is mediated by a family of is1248-related elements and a second type of integrative recombination event.	all members of the is1248 family residing in the genome of paracoccus denitrificans have been isolated by using a set of insertion sequence entrapment vectors. the family consists of five closely related members that integrate the entrapment vectors at distinct sites. one of these, is1248b, was sequenced and, except for a single base change, shown to be identical to the previously isolated is1248a. southern analysis of genomic dna with labeled is1248 revealed different hybridization patterns for ...	1995	7642505
the genomic region of rbcls in synechococcus sp. pcc 7942 contains genes involved in the ability to grow under low co2 concentration and in chlorophyll biosynthesis.	several genes involved in the ability of synechococcus sp. pcc 7942 to grow under different co2 concentrations were mapped in the genomic region of rbcls (the operon encoding the large and small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). insertion of a cartridge encoding kanamycin resistance within open reading frame (orf) 78, designated ccmj, located 7 kb upstream of rbcls, resulted in a kanamycin-resistant, high-co2-requiring mutant, m3, which does not contain normal carboxy ...	1995	7659748
isolation and characterization of the replicon of a thiobacillus intermedius plasmid.	the replicon of a cryptic thiobacillus intermedius plasmid (ptik12) has been isolated and sequenced. functional analysis of deletion subclones in escherichia coli localized the replicon to a 3.5-kb region of dna. sequencing of this region identified a 30-bp a-t-rich potential stem-loop structure. in addition, an 11-bp direct repeat, an 11-bp inverted repeat, and a 16-bp inverted repeat were observed at the stem-loop structure. also found in the replicon was a series of four tandem direct repeats ...	1995	7753904
a dna region that complements on escherichia coli cysg mutation in thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	thiobacillus ferrooxidans ap19-3 has a novel nadh-dependent sulfite reductase in the periplasmic space. the gene responsible for the appearance of nadh-dependent sulfite reductase activity was cloned into a vector plasmid pbr322 to give a 5.7-kb hybrid plasmid, pths1, which contains a 1.3-kb dna fragment of t. ferrooxidans ap19-3. when pths1 was used to transform sulfite reductase deficient e. coli mutants, strain at2455 (cysg), jm246 (cysi), and at2427 (cysj), it complemented only the e. coli c ...	1995	7772840
complete 13c assignments for recombinant cu(i) rusticyanin. prediction of secondary structure from patterns of chemical shifts.	complete resonance assignments for the 13c spectrum of reduced (cu(i)) rusticyanin have been made using 13c, 15n doubly labeled recombinant material. the reported assignments include those for the carboxyl and carbonyl carbon atoms and protonated aromatic ring carbons, and were obtained using a variety of 2- and 3d inverse-detected nmr experiments, including 13c, 15n, 1h triple resonance experiments and hcch-cosy and -tocsy. backbone carbonyl assignments were obtained using 3d hnco and hcaco spe ...	1995	7774711
introduction of a cua site into the blue copper protein amicyanin from thiobacillus versutus.	the c-terminal loop of the blue copper protein amicyanin, which contains three of the four active site ligands, has been replaced with a cua binding loop. the purple protein produced has visible and epr spectra identical to those of a cua centre. recent evidence strongly suggests that the cua centre of cytochrome c oxidase and the a centre of nitrous oxide reductase are similar and are both binuclear. it therefore follows that the purple amicyanin mutant created here also possesses a binuclear c ...	1995	7774723
ethanolamine utilization in salmonella typhimurium: nucleotide sequence, protein expression, and mutational analysis of the ccha cchb eute eutj eutg euth gene cluster.	a fragment of the salmonella typhimurium ethanolamine utilization operon was cloned and characterized. the 6.3-kb nucleotide sequence encoded six complete open reading frames, termed ccha, cchb, eute, eutj, eutg, and euth. in addition, the nucleotide sequences of two incomplete open reading frames, termed eutx and euti, were also determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences and entries in the genbank database indicated that euti encodes a phosphate acetyltransferase-like enzyme. th ...	1995	7868611
molecular genetic analysis of a thioredoxin gene from thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the thiobacillus ferrooxidans thioredoxin gene, trxa, was isolated by its ability to complement an escherichia coli gsha trxa mutant which was otherwise unable to grow on minimal medium lacking glutathione. the t. ferrooxidans thioredoxin also enabled the in vivo reduction by e. coli of methionine sulfoxide to methionine, as well as the in vitro reduction of insulin. when present in e. coli, the t. ferrooxidans thioredoxin supported the replication of phage t7, but not the growth of phage m13. t ...	1995	7496529
development and application of a monoclonal antibody against thiothrix spp.	historically, methods used to identify thiothrix spp. in environmental samples have been inadequate because isolation and identification procedures are time-consuming and often fail to separate thiothrix spp. from other filamentous microorganisms. we described a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) procedure which was used to identify thiothrix spp. in wastewater, artesian springs, groundwater, and underwater subterranean samples. the elisa utilized monoclonal anti ...	1995	7887596
x-ray studies of quinoproteins.		1995	8524150
structure and function of tn5467, a tn21-like transposon located on the thiobacillus ferrooxidans broad-host-range plasmid ptf-fc2.	a 3.5-kb region of plasmid ptf-fc2, which contains a transposon-like element designated tn5467, has been sequenced, and its biological activity has been investigated. the transposon is bordered by two 38-bp inverted repeat sequences which have sequence identity in 37 of 38 and in 38 of 39 bp to the tnpa distal and tnpa proximal inverted repeats of tn21, respectively. within these borders, open reading frames with amino acid similarity to a glutaredoxin-like protein, a merr regulatory protein, an ...	1995	8534089
microbial ecology of simultaneous thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion of sewage sludge.	the microbial population encountered during a simultaneous thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion process at 50 degrees c, based on microbial sulfur oxidation, was investigated. the cell count of the sulfuric acid producer thiobacillus thermosulfatus increased, followed by a decrease. in the absence of sulfur (control: conventional thermophilic digestion), thiobacillus thermosulfatus population decreased under the detection limit. acidophilic and neutrophilic heterotrophic populations inc ...	1995	8542551
reduced sulfur compound oxidation by thiobacillus caldus.	the oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds was studied by using resting cells of the moderate thermophile thiobacillus caldus strain ku. the oxygen consumption rate and total oxygen consumed were determined for the reduced sulfur compounds thiosulfate, tetrathionate, sulfur, sulfide, and sulfite in the absence and in the presence of inhibitors and uncouplers. the uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone had no affect on the oxidation of thiosulfate, sug ...	1996	8550443
deduced amino acid sequence, functional expression, and unique enzymatic properties of the form i and form ii ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from the chemoautotrophic bacterium thiobacillus denitrificans.	the cbbl cbbs and cbbm genes of thiobacillus denitrificans, encoding form i and form ii ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), respectively, were found to complement a rubisco-negative mutant of rhodobacter sphaeroides to autotrophic growth. endogenous t. denitrificans promoters were shown to function in r. sphaeroides, resulting in high levels of cbbl cbbs and cbbm expression in the r. sphaeroides host. this expression system provided high levels of both t. denitrificans enz ...	1996	8550452
purification and characterization of the hydrogenase from thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	hydrogenase of thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc 19859 was purified from cells grown lithoautotrophically with 80% hydrogen, 8.6% carbon dioxide, and 11.4% air. hydrogenase was located in the 140,000 x g supernatant in cell-free extracts. the enzyme was purified 7.3-fold after chromatography on procion red and q-sepharose with a yield of 19%, resulting in a 85% pure preparation with a specific activity of 6.0 u (mg protein)-1. with native page, a mol. mass of 100 and 200 kda was determined. with sd ...	1996	8661919
electrostatic environment of the tryptophylquinone cofactor in methylamine dehydrogenase: evidence from resonance raman spectroscopy of model compounds.	methylamine dehydrogenase (madh) utilizes its endogenous tryptophan tryptophylquinone (ttq) as a cofactor in enzymatic catalysis, with the c6 carbonyl of the quinone implicated as the site of attack by substrates and other nucleophiles. resonance raman (rr) spectroscopy provides an ideal method for investigating the state of this carbonyl group whose c==o stretch is distinct from other vibrational modes of the cofactor and is readily identified by its shift to lower energy in h218o. in a series ...	1996	8664261
redox reactivity of the type 1 copper protein amicyanin from thiobacillus versutus with its physiological partner cytochrome c550 and inter-protein cross-reaction studies.	reduction potentials eo' for the t. versutus amicyanin couple, amcuii/i, were determined at ph values in the range 4.4-9.0 by direct measurement using cyclic voltammetry, and from rate constants for the reactions amcu1 + [co(terpy)2]3+ and [co(terpy)2]2+ + amcuii, using an eo' for the [co(terpy)2]2+/3+ couple of 260 mv. at ph > 7.5 the value obtained is 236 mv, which increases with decreasing ph in keeping with proton inactivation of amcui. together with previously determined eo' values for the ...	1996	8695651
pcr-mediated detection of the chemolithotrophic bacterium thiobacillus cuprinus using 23s rdna- and 16s/23s intergenic spacer region-targeted oligonucleotide primers.	bioleaching is carried out by chemolithotrophic microorganisms, most of them belonging to the genera thiobacillus and leptospirillum. the role of the mixotrophic species t. cuprinus in this process is controversial, since its ecological study applying classical detection techniques to natural or industrial environments is very difficult. for this reason, we have developed an alternative method based on pcr-mediated detection using specific oligonucleotide primers that target variable regions of ...	1996	8810512
influence of preservation substrate on iron oxidation ability of various thiobacillus ferrooxidans isolates.	iron oxidation abilities of 11 isolates were compared after their preservation on ferrous sulphate and polymetallic sulfide concentrate containing 2.5 g l-1 cu and 45 g l-1 zn respectively in the leached solution. the fastest growing cultures, tf cd-2, grown on ferrous substrate showed the shortest iron oxidation period of 35 h as compared to 47 h by tf lig preserved on polymetallic concentrate for six months under ambient conditions, for > 95% iron oxidation. all the isolates except tf lig show ...	1996	8817915
sulfur-binding protein of flagella of thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the sulfur-binding protein of thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc 23270 was investigated. the protein composition of the bacterium's cell surface changed according to the culture substrate. sulfur-grown cells showed greater adhesion to sulfur than iron-grown cells. the sulfur-grown cells synthesized a 40-kda surface protein which was not synthesized by iron-grown cells. the 40-kda protein had thiol groups and strongly adhered to elemental sulfur powder. this adhesion was not disturbed by triton x-100 ...	1996	8824625
the gene for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from thiobacillus ferrooxidans has low homology to its escherichia coli equivalent and is linked to the gene for citrate synthase.	the gene for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gsha) from thiobacillus ferrooxidans was isolated from a family of cosmids by its ability to complement an escherichia coli gsha trxa double mutant which was unable to grow on minimal medium lacking glutathione. the predicted sequence of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase was found to have only 18% amino acid sequence identity to the equivalent enzyme from e. coli. in spite of this low sequence homology, concentrations of gsh in a cell extract p ...	1996	8828222
purification and characterization of a periplasmic thiosulfate dehydrogenase from the obligately autotrophic thiobacillus sp. w5.	a periplasmic thiosulfate dehydrogenase (ec 1.8.2.2) was purified to homogeneity from the neutrophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic thiobacillus sp. w5. a five-step procedure resulted in an approximately 2,300-fold purification. the purified protein had a molecular mass of 120 +/- 3 kda, as determined by gel filtration. it is probably a tetramer containing two different subunits with molecular masses of 33 +/- 1 kda and 27 +/- 0.5 kda, as determined by sds-page. uv/visible spectroscopy reve ...	1996	9082913
taxonomic relationships of thiobacillus halophilus, t. aquaesulis, and other species of thiobacillus, as determined using 16s rdna sequencing.	total base sequences of the 16s rrna genes of thiobacillus halophilus and thiobacillus aquaesulis show that these bacteria fall into the gamma- and beta-subdivisions, respectively of the proteobacteria. the closest relative of t. halophilus is thiobacillus hydrothermalis (with 98.7% similarity), and the closest relative of t. aquaesulis is thiobacillus thioparus (93.2% similarity). physiological properties and mol% g+c content of their dna serve to confirm that these four organisms are all disti ...	1996	9082916
the influence of the peptide chain on the kinetics and stability of microperoxidases.	microperoxidases with increasing lengths of the peptide attached to the heme moiety have been isolated after proteolytic digestion of horse-heart cytochrome c (microperoxidases 6, 8, and 11) and of cytochrome c550 from thiobacillus versutus (microperoxidase 17). the different microperoxidases catalyze the h2o2-dependent para-hydroxylation of aniline relatively efficiently but are rapidly inactivated under turnover conditions. the horse-heart cytochrome-c-derived microperoxidases have identical v ...	1996	8898909
identification of membrane-bound c-type cytochromes in an acidophilic ferrous ion oxidizing bacterium thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	three membrane-bound acid-stable cytochromes c with molecular masses of 46, 30 and 21 kda were characterized from a new thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain. they were solubilized with high concentrations of dodecylmaltoside at ph 8. the 30 kda cytochrome c was purified to a homogeneous state as established by sds-page analysis. it showed an absorption peak at 410 nm in the oxidized form and at 418, 523 and 552 nm in the reduced form. the 46 kda cytochrome c co-purified with a non-heme protein of 36 ...	1996	8919455
bacterial populations in samples of bioleached copper ore as revealed by analysis of dna obtained before and after cultivation.	the composition of bacterial populations in copper bioleaching systems was investigated by analysis of dna obtained either directly from ores or leaching solutions or after laboratory cultures. this analysis consisted of the characterization of the spacer regions between the 16 and 23s genes in the bacterial rrna genetic loci after pcr amplification. the sizes of the spacer regions, amplified from dnas obtained from samples, were compared with the sizes of those obtained from cultures of the mai ...	1996	8919792
cloning and sequencing of the gene for the thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc33020 glutamate synthase (gogat) small subunit and complementation of an escherichia coli gltd mutant.	a recombinant plasmid which contains the gltd gene coding for the glutamate synthase (gogat) small subunit was isolated from a thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc33020 gene bank by complementation of an escherichia coli gltd mutant. the sequence of gltd was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence shows strong similarity to the two other prokaryote gltd sequences available, namely those of e. coli and a. brasilense (53% and 45% identity, respectively). a cosmid containing the gltbd region was isol ...	1996	8921877
isolation, phenotypic characterization, and phylogenetic position of a novel, facultatively autotrophic, moderately thermophilic bacterium, thiobacillus thermosulfatus sp. nov.	thiobacillus thermosulfatus atcc 51520t (t = type strain) was isolated from sewage sludge samples enriched with elemental sulfur. the cells of this organism were gram negative, rod shaped, motile, facultatively autotrophic, and strictly aerobic and contained polyphosphate inclusions and polyhedral bodies. during growth on thiosulfate, the following intermediates were produced: tetrathionate, trithionate, and sulfate, and the ph was lowered from neutrality to around 2.5. autotrophic growth was ob ...	1996	8934899
the structural gene for rusticyanin from thiobacillus ferrooxidans: cloning and sequencing of the rusticyanin gene.	the rusticyanin gene from the acidophilic chemolithotroph thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been cloned and sequenced. a central portion of the gene was identified by pcr reactions utilising primers optimised for codon bias followed by nested pcr with degenerate primers. the 5' and 3' ends of the rusticyanin gene were then cloned using degenerate primers to each end and anchor sequences to the known internal sequence. the entire gene was amplified using tli dna polymerase and specific primers to the ...	1996	8935662
multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction (mad) crystal structure of rusticyanin: a highly oxidizing cupredoxin with extreme acid stability.	the x-ray crystal structure of the oxidized form of the extremely stable and highly oxidizing cupredoxin rusticyanin from thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been determined by the method of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (mad) and refined to 1.9 a resolution. like other cupredoxins, rusticyanin is a copper-containing metalloprotein, which is composed of a core beta-sandwich fold. in rusticyanin the beta-sandwich is composed of a six- and a seven-stranded beta-sheet. also like other cupredoxins ...	1996	8947572
nmr solution structure of cu(i) rusticyanin from thiobacillus ferrooxidans: structural basis for the extreme acid stability and redox potential.	the solution structure of the cu(i) form of the rusticyanin from thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been calculated from a total of 1979 distance and dihedral angle constraints derived from 1h, 13c and 15n nmr spectra. the structures reveal two beta-sheets, one of six strands and one of seven strands that are tightly packed in a beta-barrel or beta-sandwich arrangement, and a short helix that extends on the outside of one of the sheets to form a second hydrophobic core. the copper coordination sphere ...	1996	8947573
[metal resistance systems in pseudomonas].	several chromosome- and plasmid-encoded metal resistance genetic systems have been studied in pseudomonas and related bacteria. some systems are known with molecular detail whereas others are still poorly understood. the former include resistance genes for cations derived from mercury, cadmium and copper and anions from arsenic and chromium. except for mercury, where a redox transformation occurs, extrusion of the toxic ions from the bacterial cytoplasm appears to be the most common mechanism of ...	1996	8966398
characterisation of a soluble cytochrome c4 isolated from thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	a soluble c-type cytochrome was purified to homogeneity from thiobacillus ferrooxidans. this cytochrome is characterised by an alpha-peak wavelength of 552 nm, a molecular mass of 21 193 da (as determined by mass spectroscopy), and a pi value of 9. n-terminal sequencing yielded the polypeptide sequence up to the 50th residue. the iron content of 1.9 fe/molecule and the heme/molecule ratio of 2.15 identified this cytochrome as a diheme protein. optical redox titrations at ph 3.0 revealed the pres ...	1996	8973648
nmr assignments and relaxation studies of thiobacillus versutus ferrocytochrome c-550 indicate the presence of a highly mobile 13-residues long c-terminal tail.	cytochrome c-550 of thiobacillus versutus functions as an electron transfer protein in a chain of redox proteins that enables t. versutus to grow on methylamine. it is a single-heme protein of 134 residues, related to mitochondrial cytochrome c. cytochrome c-550, as well as several other bacterial c2-type cytochromes, contain a c-terminal extension of 13-16 amino acids of unknown function, compared to mitochondrial cytochrome c. nmr experiments were performed to obtain structural and dynamic inf ...	1996	8976558
mercuric ion uptake by escherichia coli cells producing thiobacillus ferrooxidans merc.	the merc gene of thiobacillus ferrooxidans was overexpressed in escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter. merc protein synthesized in e. coli has a n-terminal amino acid sequence of s-a-i-x-r-i-i-d-k-i-g-i-v-g-, which agrees with the amino acid sequence deduced from its nucleotide sequence except that an initiating methionine residue was removed. the merc protein was localized in the particulate (membrane) cell fraction, and not in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. e. coli cells ca ...	1996	8987545
sol-gel applications in environmental biotechnology.	sol gel process was applied for three different applications in environmental biotechnology: (1) thin, fluorescein diacetate-doped sol-gel film made possible epifluorescent microscopic examination of adsorbed escherichia coli cn13 cells without additional staining: (2) thiobacillus thiooxidans cell-free extract entrapped into sol-gel matrix displayed oxidative activity on h2s in liquid medium; and (3) two media (e. coli (ec) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb)) were doped into sol-gel and used t ...	1996	8988652
phosphorylation of groel, dnak and other proteins from thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown under different conditions.	the levels of phosphorylation of the chaperones dnak and groel and other proteins varied when cells of thiobacillus ferrooxidans were subjected to phosphate starvation. the phosphorylated amino acid of groel was found to be threonine. our results show that not only heat shock, but also a nutrient starvation stress leads to phosphorylation of chaperones and, in addition, support the possible role of phosphorylation of these proteins in the sensing and regulation of stress responses in bacteria.	1996	9026439
the possible role of surface charge in membrane organization in an acidophile.	thiobacillus ferrooxidans, an obligate acidophile, possesses an electron transport chain that uses oxidation of ferrous iron to generate proton motive force. the cells possess an efficient machinery for inter-conversion of the two components of the free energy, namely ph gradient and membrane potential. incidentally, unlike most of the naturally occurring membranes, surface in t. ferrooxidans appears to be positively charged at or near its physiological ph. independent estimate of such charge wa ...	1996	9029821
cloning and sequencing of the nitrogenase structural genes nifhdk of herbaspirillum seropedicae.	the nitrogenase structural genes (nifhdk) of the endophytic diazotroph herbaspirillum seropedicae were isolated from a genomic bank by plate hybridization. sequence analysis of the dna showed a consensus promoter region upstream for the nifh gene containing a -24/-12 type promoter together with nifa- and integration host factor (ihf)- binding sites. the derived protein sequences of nifh, nifd and nifk contained conserved cysteine residues for binding iron-sulfur clusters and the iron-molybdenum ...	1996	9222418
analysis of the paramagnetic copper(ii) site of amicyanin by 1h nmr spectroscopy.	application of the tailored pulse sequences like super-weft allows the direct observation of the hyperfine-shifted signals of the paramagnetic cu(ii) forms of blue copper proteins in solution. the signals can be assigned by applying 2d nmr techniques, like exsy, to solutions containing a mixture of reduced and oxidized species. the fermi contact shift is separated from the pseudocontact shift on the basis of the known g-tensor anisotropy of the cu(ii) state, allowing the determination of a numbe ...	1996	8608149
characterization of the membranous denitrification enzymes nitrite reductase (cytochrome cd1) and copper-containing nitrous oxide reductase from thiobacillus denitrificans.	cytochrome cd1-nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase of thiobacillus denitrificans were purified and characterized by biochemical and immunochemical methods. in contrast to the generally soluble nature of the denitrification enzymes, these two enzymes were isolated from the membrane fraction of t. denitrificans and remained active after solubilization with triton x-100. the properties of the membrane-derived enzymes were similar to those of their soluble counterparts from the same organi ...	1996	8639023
measurement of fe2+ ion by coulometry method at incubation of thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemoautotrophic bacterium that is capable of using fe2+ oxidation by o2 as the sole source of energy for growth and co2 fixation. the idea of the solar bacterial biomass farm by using of this bacterium is proposed. the incubation experiment of these bacteria was carried out, and the 9k culture medium as the standard medium for t. ferrooxidans was used. the measurement of fe2+ in the growth stage was carried out as the first step of the experiments to clarify the p ...	1996	11541591
direct 5s rrna assay for monitoring mixed-culture bioprocesses.	this study demonstrates the efficacy of a direct 5s rrna assay for the characterization of mixed microbial populations by using as an example the bacteria associated with acidic mining environments. the direct 5s rrna assay described herein represents a nonselective, direct molecular method for monitoring and characterizing the predominant, metabolically active members of a microbial population. the foundation of the assay is high-resolution denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), which ...	1996	16535333
sulfur chemistry in bacterial leaching of pyrite.	in the case of pyrite bioleaching by leptospirillum ferrooxidans, an organism without sulfur-oxidizing capacity, besides the production of tetra- and pentathionate, a considerable accumulation of elemental sulfur occurred. a similar result was obtained for chemical oxidation assays with acidic, sterile iron(iii) ion-containing solutions. in the case of thiobacillus ferrooxidans, only slight amounts of elemental sulfur were detectable because of the organism's capacity to oxidize sulfur compounds ...	1996	16535406
multiple serotypes of the moderate thermophile thiobacillus caldus, a limitation of immunological assays for biomining microorganisms.	phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis indicates that a moderately thermophilic isolate, c-sh12, from australia belongs to the species thiobacillus caldus. antiserum generated against whole cells of t. caldus ku recognized protein antigens common to cell lysates of the three t. caldus strains ku, bc13, and c-sh12 but did not recognize whole cells of isolate c-sh12. differences in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of strain c-sh12 and those of the other two t. caldus strains were found, and the anti-ku ...	1996	16535449
medical microbiology	metabolism refers to all the biochemical reactions that occur in a cell or organism. the study of bacterial metabolism focuses on the chemical diversity of substrate oxidations and dissimilation reactions (reactions by which substrate molecules are broken down), which normally function in bacteria to generate energy. also within the scope of bacterial metabolism is the study of the uptake and utilization of the inorganic or organic compounds required for growth and maintenance of a cellular stea ...	1996	21413278
a preliminary cost analysis of the biotreatment of refinery spent-sulfidic caustic.	caustics are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various hydrocarbon streams. spent-sulfidic caustics from three refineries have been successfully biotreated on the bench and pilot scale, resulting in neutralization and removal of active sulfides. sulfides were completely oxidized to sulfate by thiobacillus denitrificans strain f. microbial oxidation of sulfide produced acid, which at least partially neutralized the caustic. a commercial-scale treatment system has been des ...	1997	18576125
chemolithotrophic bacteria in copper ores leached at high sulfuric acid concentration.	extensive bacterial growth was observed when copper sulfide ores were leached with 0.6 n sulfuric acid. the bacterial population developed in this condition was examined by characterization of the spacer regions between the 16s and 23s rrna genetic loci obtained after pcr amplification of the dna extracted from the leached ore. the spacers observed had the sizes found in strains of "leptospirillum ferrooxidans" and thiobacillus thiooxidans, except for a larger one, approximately 560 bp long, tha ...	1997	16535497
bacterial community in copper sulfide ores inoculated and leached with solution from a commercial-scale copper leaching plant.	most copper bioleaching plants operate with a high concentration of sulfate salts caused by the continuous addition of sulfuric acid and the recycling of the leaching solution. since the bacteria involved in bioleaching have been generally isolated at low sulfate concentrations, the bacterial population in ores leached with the high-sulfate solution (1.25 m) employed in a copper production plant was investigated. the complexity of the original population was assessed by the length pattern of the ...	1997	16535570
cell hydrophobicity and sulfur adhesion of thiobacillus thiooxidans.	thiobacillus thiooxidans cells became more hydrophobic but less adhesive to elemental sulfur in the presence of increasing potassium phosphate concentrations. at a fixed concentration of potassium phosphate, however, there was a peak of both cell hydrophobicity and adhesion to sulfur at around ph 5. oxidation of sulfur by the cells was affected in a complex manner by the phosphate concentration and ph, although it was inhibited by a high concentration of potassium phosphate.	1997	16535613
sulfur production by obligately chemolithoautotrophic thiobacillus species.	transient-state experiments with the obligately autotrophic thiobacillus sp. strain w5 revealed that sulfide oxidation proceeds in two physiological phases, (i) the sulfate-producing phase and (ii) the sulfur- and sulfate-producing phase, after which sulfide toxicity occurs. specific sulfur-producing characteristics were independent of the growth rate. sulfur formation was shown to occur when the maximum oxidative capacity of the culture was approached. in order to be able to oxidize increasing ...	1997	16535627
growth of thiobacillus ferrooxidans: a novel experimental design for batch growth and bacterial leaching studies.	the concentrations of ferrous and ferric ions change dramatically during the course of the batch experiments usually performed to study the kinetics of the bacterial oxidation of ferrous ions and sulfide minerals. this change in concentration of the iron species during the course of the experiment often makes it difficult to interpret the results of these experiments, as is evidenced by the lack of consensus concerning the mechanism of bacterial leaching. if the concentrations of ferrous and fer ...	1997	16535639
competition for dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide by methylophaga sulfidovorans and thiobacillus thioparus t5 in continuous cultures.	pure and mixed cultures of methylophaga sulfidovorans and thiobacillus thioparus t5 were grown in continuous cultures on either dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide and h(inf2)s, or h(inf2)s and methanol. in pure cultures, m. sulfidovorans showed a lower affinity for sulfide than t. thioparus t5. mixed cultures, grown on dimethyl sulfide, showed coexistence of both species. m. sulfidovorans fully converted dimethyl sulfide to thiosulfate, which was subsequently further oxidized to sulfate by t. th ...	1997	16535680
a structured model for thiobacillus ferrooxidans growth on ferrous iron.	a structured model for thiobacillus ferrooxidans growth dependence on ferrous and ferric iron, arsenic, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ph, and temperature is presented. a new kinetic mechanism for ferrous oxidation by t. ferrooxidans is introduced. data from several earlier experimental studies of t. ferroaxidans growth are used for model development.	1997	18633986
a kinetic model for biological oxidation of ferrous iron by thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the kinetics of bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron in the presence of thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells were studied using an initial-rate method. measurements of the redox potential of the solution during the oxidation of ferrous iron were used to assess the initial rate of the reaction. effects on the rate of reaction were determined for ferrous iron concentration in the range 0.25 to 30 kg m(-3), bacterial concentration in the range 3.25 x 10(7) to 4.47 x 10(8) cells ml(-1), and temperature in ...	1997	18634043
insertion sequence ist3091 of thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	an insertion sequence, designated as ist3091, was located adjacent to the putative origin of replication region of plasmid ptfi91 of thiobacillus ferrooxidans tfi-91. the dna sequence of the transposase gene of ist3091 revealed similarity with that of is30, is1086, is4351, and the integrase gene of spv1-r8a2 b (a bacteriophage of spiroplasma citri). the sequence of ist3091 is 1063 bp long with partially matched 30-bp terminal inverted repeats. several restriction fragments of plasmid ptfi91 of t ...	1997	9226869
alanyl-trna synthetase gene of the extreme acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic thiobacillus ferrooxidans is highly homologous to alas genes from all living kingdoms but cannot be transcribed from its promoter in escherichia coli.	the alas gene of thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been cloned and sequenced and its expression in escherichia coli and t. ferrooxidans analysed. the same genomic organization to that in e. coli (reca-recx-alas) has been found in t. ferrooxidans. the reca and alas genes cannot be transcribed from their own promoters in e. coli. in addition to the well-known homology at the protein level between alas proteins from various organisms, a strong homology was found between all the known alas genes from ba ...	1997	9245807
the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium thiobacillus ferrooxidans has an unusual e2-e3 subunit fusion.	the genes encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) of thiobacillus ferrooxidans were previously located by cloning and sequence analysis of the region upstream of the genes encoding the citrate synthase and gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase genes. the pdh genes of t. ferrooxidans were able to complement an escherichia coli arop-lpd mutant for growth on minimal medium lacking acetate, indicating that the t. ferrooxidans pdh complex was functional in e. coli. the predicted amino acid sequence of the ...	1997	9245808
characterization of thiobacillus thioparus lv43 and its distribution in a chemoautotrophically based groundwater ecosystem.	bacterial strain lv43 was previously isolated from a floating microbial mat located in movile cave, the access point to a chemoautotrophically based groundwater ecosystem in southern romania. this gram-negative, rod-shaped organism grows autotrophically through the oxidation of thiosulfate and sulfide, but it does not grow heterotrophically. strain lv43 grows over a ph range of 5.0 to 9.0, with an optimum near 7.5 at 28 degrees c. the ph of the medium decreased from 7.5 to 6.5 during growth on t ...	1997	9251199
complete nucleotide sequence of the replicator region of paracoccus (thiobacillus) versutus ptav1 plasmid and its correlation to several plasmids of agrobacterium and rhizobium species.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the replicator region of ptav1, a cryptic, low copy number plasmid of paracoccus versutus, was determined. the minimal replicon sequence (3149 bp) included in ptav203/18 contains two open reading frames with coding capabilities for putative polypeptides of 23.8 (repx) and 46 kda (repc'). the two genes have the same transcriptional polarity and both seem to be essential for replication of ptav203. the predicted amino acid sequence of repc' shows significant hom ...	1997	9281495
sulfur-oxidizing symbionts have not co-evolved with their hydrothermal vent tube worm hosts: an rflp analysis.	a fine-scale phylogenetic comparison was made among the symbionts of different genera of hydrothermal vent tube worms. these included riftia pachyptila and tevnia jerichonona, which inhabit sites along the east pacific rise, and ridgeia piscesae from the juan de fuca ridge. an analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) was employed using three symbiont-specific gene probes: eubacterial 16s rrna, rubpc/o form ii, and atp sulfurylase (recently cloned from the riftia symbiont). res ...	1997	9284558
thiobacillus sp. w5, the dominant autotroph oxidizing sulfide to sulfur in a reactor for aerobic treatment of sulfidic wastes.	the floating filter technique was successfully adapted for the isolation of the dominant, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfide-oxidizing bacterium from a sulfur-producing reactor after conventional isolation techniques had failed. the inoculated polycarbonate filters, floating on mineral medium, were incubated under gaseous hydrogen sulfide at non-toxic levels. this technique gave 200-fold higher recoveries than conventional isolation techniques. viable counts on the filters, making up 15% of the tota ...	1997	9298191
cloning and characterization of a high-copy-number novel insertion sequence from chemolithotrophic thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	two distinct families of repetitive dna elements (1.4 and 1.2 kb) were identified from s1 nuclease-treated genomic dna of four strains of thiobacillus ferrooxidans. the 1.4-kb fragment hybridized with ist2, an insertion sequence of t. ferrooxidans. the 1.2-kb fragment was cloned and sequenced. the sequence (ist445), 1219 bp in length, with features characteristic of an insertion element, has a terminal inverted repeat of 8 bp, which can be further extended to 23 or 48 bp with 9 and 26 mismatches ...	1997	9339470
a geographically widespread plasmid from thiobacillus ferrooxidans has genes for ferredoxin-, fnr-, prismane- and nadh-oxidoreductase-like proteins which are also located on the chromosome.	during a search for genes encoding electron transport proteins from a thiobacillus ferroxidans atcc 33020 gene bank, a 19.8 kb plasmid, ptf5, which conferred increased sensitivity to the antimicrobial agent metronidazole upon an escherichia coli mutant, was isolated and cloned in e. coli. the plasmid had an identical restriction enzyme map to a plasmid which has been found in t. ferrooxidans strains isolated from many different parts of the world. the plasmid was present at between two and four ...	1997	9353917
the poison-antidote stability system of the broad-host-range thiobacillus ferrooxidans plasmid ptf-fc2.	in plasmid ptf-fc2, three small open reading frames (orfs) are situated between the repb (primase) gene and the repa (helicase) gene of its incq-type replicon. disruption of each of the three orfs followed by tests for plasmid stability and host cell growth indicated that the orfs encoded a poison-antidote plasmid stability system. the three genes were named pasa, pasb and pasc (plasmid addiction system), in which pasa is the antidote, pasb the toxin and pasc a protein that appears to enhance th ...	1997	9426133
regulatory region of expression of thiobacillus ferrooxidans leub gene in escherichia coli.	the regulatory region of thiobacillus ferrooxidans leub gene was analyzed. the deletion analysis indicated that the promoter sequences catccg and tattat, which were similar to the consensus -35 and -10 sequences of escherichia coli, respectively, existed. the transcriptional initiation site was located at the position of cytosine -26. the deletion analysis of the upstream region suggested the existence of a regulatory region by leucine and the region related to transcription of the gene.	1997	9438993
emerging principles of inorganic nitrogen metabolism in paracoccus denitrificans and related bacteria.	the taxonomy of paracoccus denitrificans and related bacteria is discussed. evidence is given which shows that the physiological differences between p. denitrificans and thiosphaera pantotropha are less fundamental than previously thought. a proposal to consider a species p. pantotropha is mentioned. the properties of the denitrifying enzymes and the genes involved in their formation in p. denitrificans is discussed. the synthesis of the membrane-bound-nitrate reductase is regulated by fnr, that ...	1997	9049016
oxidative metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds by bacteria.	the history of the elucidation of the microbiology and biochemistry of the oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds in chemolithotrophic bacteria is briefly reviewed, and the contribution of martinus beijerinck to the study of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria highlighted. recent developments in the biochemistry, enzymology and molecular biology of sulfur oxidation in obligately and facultatively lithotrophic bacteria are summarized, and the existence of at least two major pathways of thiosulfate (sulfur ...	1997	9049021
isolation of the tetrathionate hydrolase from thiobacillus acidophilus.	an enzyme capable of hydrolysing tetrathionate was purified from cell-free extracts of thiobacillus acidophilus. the purified enzyme converts tetrathionate into thiosulfate, sulfur and sulfate. in addition, pentathionate could also be converted by the same enzyme. measurement of the enzyme activity during purification is based on the absorbance of the initial intermediates formed from tetrathionate in the ultraviolet region, which have not been identified. enzyme activity could also be measured ...	1997	9057831
genomic organization of the acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacterium thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc 21834.	the genomic organization of the acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacterium thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc 21834 has been studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). analysis of its intact dna, as well as the restriction patterns obtained with several endonucleases, allowed the characterization of one circular chromosome of 2.9 mb and one plasmid of 8.6 kb. the first complete and highly resolved physical map (86 restriction sites) of the chromosome of an acidophilic obligate chemolithoau ...	1997	9068640
genomic organization of the metal-mobilizing bacterium thiobacillus cuprinus.	the genomic organization of thiobacillus cuprinus, a facultative chemolithotrophic bacterium that preferentially solubilizes copper from complex ores, has been studied by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). it has been determined that t. cuprinus has a circular chromosome of about 3.8 mb in size as concluded by analysis of gamma-irradiated total dna and restriction analysis. macrorestriction patterns for several restriction enzymes have been generated. restriction enzymes asei, drai, spei, ...	1997	9073072
a novel membrane-bound flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase from the colourless sulfur bacterium thiobacillus sp. w5	a novel membrane-bound sulfide-oxidizing enzyme was purified 102-fold from the neutrophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic thiobacillus sp. w5 by means of a six-step procedure. spectral analysis revealed that the enzyme contains haem c and flavin. sds-page showed the presence of two types of subunit with molecular masses of 40 and 11 kda. the smaller subunit contains covalently bound haem c, as was shown by haem staining. a combination of spectral analysis and the pyridine haemochrome test in ...	1997	9094227
a fusion promoter created by a new insertion sequence, is1490, activates transcription of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic genes in burkholderia cepacia ac1100.	transposition and transcriptional activation by insertion sequences in burkholderia cepacia ac1100 were investigated. two closely related new elements, is1413 and is1490, were identified and characterized. these elements are not highly related to other insertion sequences identified in ac1100 or other b. cepacia isolates. based on their structures and the sequences of the inverted terminal repeats and the putative transposase protein, the insertion elements (is elements) are similar to ist2 of t ...	1997	9098071
phylogeny of thiobacillus cuprinus and other mixotrophic thiobacilli: proposal for thiomonas gen. nov.	the complete 5s and 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences of the facultatively chemolithotrophic bacterium thiobacillus cuprinus and results of a comparison of these sequences with homologous sequences from several proteobacterial species supported affiliation of t. cuprinus with the beta 1 subgroup of the proteobacteria. t. cuprinus, thiobacillus intermedius, thiobacillus perometabolis, and thiobacillus thermosulfatus form a phylogenetic cluster that comprises some of the thiobacilli capable of mi ...	1997	9103643
a 1h nmr study of the paramagnetic active site of the cua variant of amicyanin.	the dinuclear paramagnetic center of the cua variant of the cupredoxin amicyanin has been investigated using 1h nmr. the hyperfine-shifted resonances have been assigned using a combination of 1d noe difference and 2d weft-noesy spectroscopy. the shifts experienced by the assigned resonances have been used to calculate hyperfine coupling constants for these protons from which the spin density distribution on the ligands at the cua center is obtained. a comparison with published data for the param ...	1997	9116004
transformation of escherichia coli with a large plasmid of acidiphilium multivorum aiu 301 encoding arsenic resistance.	acidiphilium multivorum aiu 301 isolated from acid mineral water had strong arsenic resistance. this bacterium harbored a number of plasmids with different molecular sizes. a plasmid of 56 kbp, named pkw301, was isolated from a. multivorum aiu 301. when pkw301 was transferred into escherichia coli jm109 by electroporation, an e. coli transformant carrying pkw301 exhibited resistance to sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate, and mercuric (ii) chloride.	1997	9143138
effects of 60co gamma-rays, ultraviolet light, and mitomycin c on halobacterium salinarium and thiobacillus intermedius.	lethal effects of 60co gamma-rays, uv light, and mitomycin c on two kinds of bacteria, halobacterium salinarium which grows in highly concentrated salt media and thiobacillus intermedius which requires reduced sulfur compounds, were studied and compared with those on escherichia coli b/r. d37 values for h. salinarium, t. intermedius and e. coli b/r were 393, 150, and 92 gy, respectively, by exposure to 60co gamma-rays. they were 212, 38, and 10 j/m2, respectively, by exposure to uv light and 2.3 ...	1997	9164079
the potential of mining slag as a substrate for microbial growth and the microbiological analysis of slag and slag seepage.	the potential of a cu/ni mining slag to act as a substrate for the growth of the bacteria thiobacillus ferrooxidans, thiobacillus thiooxidants, and thiobacillus thioparus was examined. as well, slag and slag seepage samples were screened for the presence of the thiobacillus species. for the 28 samples employed in the environmental recovery studies, t. ferrooxidans was recovered in 25 samples, t. thiooxidans in 19 samples, and t. thioparus in 27 samples. for r. ferrooxidans, the development of a ...	1997	9195014
[identification and expression of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene from thiobacillus versutus].	the chromosomal dna of thiobacillus versutus was hybridized with various heterologous ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) gene as probes. only rhodobacter sphaeroides form i rubisco gene showed homology with t. versutus. the rubisco gene fragment of t. versutus was isolated using the rubisco gene of r. sphaeroides as a probe. and the rubisco gene of t. versutus can express in e. coli cell.	1997	9863205
[homology analysis of rubisco gene of thiobacillus versutus with extremelly acidophilic thiobacilli].	the chromosomal dna of thiobacillus thiooxidans and t. versutus was digested with restriction enzymes, blotted to nylon membrane by the way of southern, and hybridized with the gene probe of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from t. ferrooxidans. the result showed that t. thiooxidans exhibited high homology with the probe anc t. versutus was less homology with it. however t. versutus can hybridize with the gene probe of rubisco from rhodobacter sphaeroides, which indicate ...	1997	9863211
microbes mediate mining metals.		1998	9882178
genomic organization analysis of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria using pulsed field gel electrophoretic techniques.	the genomic organization of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria belonging to the genus thiobacillus, thiomonas and leptospirillum was studied using pulsed field gel electrophoresis techniques (pfge). the electrophoretic analysis of intact dna prepared from different strains showed that all have a circular chromosome, with sizes ranging from 1.9 mb for leptospirillum ferrooxidans atcc 49879, the smallest genome for an acidophilic strict chemolithoautotrophic microorganism, to 3.8 mb for thiomo ...	1998	9893951
sulfur oxidation in rice field soil: activity, enumeration, isolation and characterization of thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria.	in rice paddy fields the bulk soil is anoxic, but oxygenated zones occur in the surrounding of the rice roots to where oxygen is transported via the aerenchyma system of the rice plants. in the anaerobic soil compartments sulfate is consumed by sulfate-reducing bacteria. in the rhizosphere the reduced sulfur compounds can be reoxidized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. measurements of the potential activity of thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria in soil slurries derived from planted rice soil microcosms ...	1998	9924825
technological aspects of the microbial treatment of sulfide-rich wastewaters: a case study.	thiobacillus denitrificans has been shown to be an effective biocatalyst for the treatment of a variety of sulfide-laden waste streams including sour water, sour gases, and refinery spent-sulfidic caustics. the term 'sour' originated in the petroleum industry to describe a waste contaminated with hydrogen sulfide or salts of sulfide and bisulfide. the microbial treatment of sour waste streams resulting from the production or refining of natural gas and crude oil have been investigated in this la ...	1998	10022069
biotechnological possibilities for waste tyre-rubber treatment.	every year large amounts of spent rubber material, mainly from rubber tyres, are discarded. of the annual total global production of rubber material, which amounts to 16-17 million tonnes, approximately 65% is used for the production of tyres. about 250 millions spent car tyres are generated yearly in usa only. this huge amount of waste rubber material is an environmental problem of great concern. various ways to remediate the problem have been proposed. among these are road fillings and combust ...	1998	10022073
occurrence of peptidyl d-amino acids in soluble fractions of several eubacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.	the occurrence of peptidyl d-amino acids in the aqueous soluble fractions was investigated in various eubacteria, some archaea and some eukaryotes. the contents of the d-enantiomers of serine, alanine, proline, glutamate (glutamine), aspartate (asparagine) and phenylalanine were determined with cell- and tissue-extracts, by means of acid hydrolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. the rate of d-enantiomer (%, the ratio in molar concentration of a d-amino acid to the total of the d-ami ...	1998	9468335
distribution of thiobacillus ferrooxidans and leptospirillum ferrooxidans: implications for generation of acid mine drainage	although thiobacillus ferrooxidans and leptospirillum ferrooxidans are widely considered to be the microorganisms that control the rate of generation of acid mine drainage, little is known about their natural distribution and abundance. fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed that at iron mountain, california, t. ferrooxidans occurs in peripheral slime-based communities (at ph over 1.3 and temperature under 30 degreesc) but not in important subsurface acid-forming environments (ph 0.3 ...	1998	9488647
phylogenetic position of an obligately chemoautotrophic, marine hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, hydrogenovibrio marinus, on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequences and two form i rubisco gene sequences.	two form ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) genes from the obligately autotrophic, marine hydrogen oxidizer hydrogenovibrio marinus were sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences of both rubiscos revealed that they are similar to those of sulfur oxidizers (thiobacillus) and a purple sulfur bacterium (chromatium vinosum). according to the 16s rrna gene sequences, h. marinus is also affiliated with these microorganisms, members of thiomicrospira being the closest relatives ...	1998	9531639
overproduction and substrate specificity of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	we constructed an overexpression system in escherichia coli of the leub gene coding for 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase in thiobacillus ferrooxidans. e. coli harboring the plasmid we constructed, pkk leub1, produced 17-fold the enzyme protein of the expression system previously used for purification. the substrate specificity of the enzyme was analyzed with synthetic (2r, 3s)-3-alkylmalates. the 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase of thiobacillus ferrooxidans had broad specificity toward the alkylma ...	1998	9532798
cloning of genes coding for the three subunits of thiocyanate hydrolase of thiobacillus thioparus thi 115 and their evolutionary relationships to nitrile hydratase.	thiocyanate hydrolase is a newly found enzyme from thiobacillus thioparus thi 115 that converts thiocyanate to carbonyl sulfide and ammonia (y. katayama, y. narahara, y. inoue, f. amano, t. kanagawa, and h. kuraishi, j. biol. chem. 267:9170-9175, 1992). we have cloned and sequenced the scn genes that encode the three subunits of the enzyme. the scnb, scna, and scnc genes, arrayed in this order, contained open reading frames encoding sequences of 157, 126, and 243 amino acid residues, respectivel ...	1998	9573140
a tn7-like transposon is present in the glmus region of the obligately chemoautolithotrophic bacterium thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	the region downstream of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc 33020 atp operon was examined, and the genes encoding n-acetylglucosamine-1-uridyltransferase (glmu) and glucosamine synthetase (glms) were found. this atpefhagdc-glmus gene order is identical to that of escherichia coli. the t. ferrooxidans glms gene was shown to complement e. coli glms mutants for growth on minimal medium lacking glucosamine. a tn7-like transposon, tn5468, was found inserted into the region immediately downstream of t ...	1998	9603897
purification and characterization of sulfide dehydrogenase from alkaliphilic chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.	extracts of the alkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing autotroph strain al3 contained sulfide:cytochrome c oxidoreductase. this was active above ph 8, and was associated with the cell membranes. although up to 60% of the initial activity was lost during triton x-100 extraction, further purification resulted in an enzyme that catalyzed sulfide oxidation with horse heart cytochrome c. this enzyme was a 41 kda protein containing heme c554. the optimum ph of the membrane bound enzyme was 9.0, but after extra ...	1998	9613590
importance of extracellular polymeric substances from thiobacillus ferrooxidans for bioleaching.	leaching bacteria such as thiobacillus ferrooxidans attach to pyrite or sulfur by means of extracellular polymeric substances (eps) (lipopolysaccharides). the primary attachment to pyrite at ph 2 is mediated by exopolymer-complexed iron(iii) ions in an electrochemical interaction with the negatively charged pyrite surface. eps from sulfur cells possess increased hydrophobic properties and do not attach to pyrite, indicating adaptability to the substrate or substratum.	1998	9647862
gene and subunit organization of bacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes.	pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of bacterial origin are compared with respect to subunit composition, organization of the corresponding genes, and the number and location of lipoyl domains. special attention is given to two unusual examples of pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes, formed by zymomonas mobilis and thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	1998	9655937
sequence analysis of plasmid ptf5, a 19.8-kb geographically widespread member of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans ptfi91-like plasmid family.	the most important features of plasmid ptf5, a 19,793-bp plasmid that was isolated from thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc33020, are presented. the plasmid contained at least 14 complete open reading frames (orfs), most of which had clear amino acid sequence similarity to previously identified proteins. the majority of orfs were related to proteins commonly found on plasmids such as replication-, partition-, and stability-associated proteins or on transposons such as transposases, an invertase, and ...	1998	9657933
confirmation that thiobacillus halophilus and thiobacillus hydrothermalis are distinct species within the gamma-subclass of the proteobacteria.	thiobacillus halophilus and thiobacillus hydrothermalis share 98.7% similarity in 16s rrna sequence, possess similar gross dna composition (64.2 and 67.4 mol% g+c values, respectively), and have similar physiological properties. while this might have indicated that they were strains of a single species, dna-dna hybridization between the type strains of the two species showed only 59% hybridization, indicating the organisms to be different at the species level. thiobacillus neapolitanus is the ph ...	1998	9683651
enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay to estimate attachment of thiobacilli to pyrite	an enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay (elifa) has been developed in order to estimate directly and specifically thiobacillus ferrooxidans attachment on sulfide minerals. this method derives from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but is performed on filtration membranes which allow the retention of mineral particles for a subsequent immunoenzymatic reaction in microtiter plates. the polyclonal antiserum used in this study was raised against t. ferrooxidans dsm 583 and recognized cell surfac ...	1998	9687454
[chemosynthetic symbiosis in the deep-sea].		1998	9691775
isolation and some properties of cytochrome c oxidase purified from a bisulfite ion resistant thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain, ok1-50.	sulfite ion (hso3-) is one of the products when elemental sulfur is oxidized by the hydrogen sulfide:ferric ion oxidoreductase of thiobacillus ferrooxidans ap19-3. under the conditions in which hso3- is accumulated in the cells, the iron oxidase of this bacterium was strongly inhibited by hso3-. since cytochrome c oxidase is one of the most important components of the iron oxidase enzyme system in t. ferrooxidans, effects of hso3- on cytochrome c oxidase activity were studied with the plasma mem ...	1998	9692188
insertion mutation of the form i cbbl gene encoding ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) in thiobacillus neapolitanus results in expression of form ii rubisco, loss of carboxysomes, and an increased co2 requirement for growth.	it has been previously established that thiobacillus neapolitanus fixes co2 by using a form i ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), that much of the enzyme is sequestered into carboxysomes, and that the genes for the enzyme, cbbl and cbbs, are part of a putative carboxysome operon. in the present study, cbbl and cbbs were cloned and sequenced. analysis of rna showed that cbbl and cbbs are cotranscribed on a message approximately 2,000 nucleotides in size. the insertion of a kana ...	1998	9696760