Publications

bacteroides fragilis meningitis.		1977	69093
prophylactic systemic antibiotics in colorectal surgery.	the prophylactic value of gentamicin combined with either lincomycin or metronidazole in 52 patients undergoing colorectal surgery was investigated. the results confirmed the value of this practice. in a control group, the sepsis-rate was 48% with 1 death attributable to sepsis, compared with a sepsis-rate of 4% in the treated group. the combination of gentamicin and lincomycin was effective against sepsis but pseudomembranous colitis developed in 2 of the 14 patients treated with this combinati ...	1977	69126
clavulanic acid and susceptibility of bacteroides fragilis to penicillin.		1977	69229
fluorescent-antibody studies on selected strains of bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis.	antisera against seven strains of bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis were produced from dense suspensions of whole cells. these sera exhibited high agglutination titers with homologous antigens. reciprocal cross-reactions in agglutination tests with each immunizing strain yielded lower titers. both the indirect and direct fluorescent-antibody techniques were used to evaluate these reagents in the serological identification of 24 defined strains of b. fragilis subspecies fragilis. subspecie ...	1977	72076
inhibition of phagocytosis in vitro by obligate anaerobes.	a variety of species of obligate anaerobes have been shown to interfere with the phagocytosis and killing of proteus mirabilis and other aerobic bacteria in vitro. although all the obligate anaerobes examined showed this activity, the effect was greatest with strains of bacteroides melaninogenicus and b. fragilis. in contrast, none of the 36 aerobes tested acted in this way. these observations suggest that the presence of obligate anaerobes may be fundamental to the pathogenesis of some types of ...	1977	73952
[studies of antibody against shigella in bacillary dysentery patients and carriers. report 4. comparison of the results obtained from igg antibody absorption with protein a-sepharose cl-4b and from those with indirect radioimmunoassay (author's transl)].		1977	101599
[studies on moraxella. i. a new selective medium for moraxella sp. (author's transl)].		1977	101603
a reconstituted na+ + k+ pump in liposomes containing purified (na+ + k+)-atpase from kidney medulla.	liposomes containing either purified or microsomal (na+,k+)-atpase preparations from lamb kidney medulla catalyzed atp-dependent transport of na+ and k+ with a ratio of approximately 3na+ to 2k+, which was inhibited by ouabain. similar results were obtained with liposomes containing a partially purified (na+,k+)-atpase from cardiac muscle. this contrasts with an earlier report by goldin and tong (j. biol. chem. 249, 5907-5915, 1974), in which liposomes containing purified dog kidney (na+,k+)-atp ...	1977	141941
cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels and activities of adenylate cyclase and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in pseudomonas and bacteroides.	a modified gilman assay was used to determine the concentrations of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (camp) in rapidly filtered cells and in the culture filtrates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli k-12, and bacteroides fragilis. in p. aeruginosa cultures, levels of camp in the filtrate increased with the culture absorbance (3.5 to 19.8 x 10(-9) m) but did not vary significantly with the carbon source used to support growth. intracellular concentrations (0.8 to 3.2 x 10(-5) m) were ...	1977	187575
[respiratory tract virus infections. possibilities of clinical diagnosis].		1977	190561
role of anaerobic bacteria in spontaneous peritonitis of cirrhosis: report of two cases and review of the literature.	the role of anaerobic or microaerophillic bacteria in spontaneous peritonitis of cirrhosis has not been clearly defined. among 126 cases recorded in the literature, in only eight (6 per cent), including the two reported here, was bacterascites associated with anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. clinical features in these cases were indistinguishable from those associated with aerobic bacteria. however, polymicrobial bacterascites occurred in four of eight cases associated with anaerobes, as c ...	1977	190883
rat adrenocortical dynamics.	1. the dynamics of the adrenocortical response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) was studied in anaesthetized, acutely hypophysectomized male rats. 2. acth test-signals were applied either in a jugular vein ('intact infused preparation') or in the aorta through the coeliac artery with the aorta ligated below this artery ('isolated in situ perfused preparation'). the adrenocortical responses were measured directly in samples serially taken from the left adrenal vein. 3. tested acth signals w ...	1977	191596
bis-basic-substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds. a new class of antiviral agents. 8. bis-basic derivatives of carbazole, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene.	a series of bisalkamine esters, bis-basic ethers, and bis-basic ketones of carbazole, n-ethylcarbazole, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. the series also included two bis-basic alkanes of n-ethylcarbazole and one bis-basic carboxamide of dibenzofuran. structure-activity relationships indicated that within the carbazole and n-ethylcarbazole series the bisalkamine esters gave the most active derivatives while the bis-basic ketone derivatives o ...	1977	191610
factors controlling the activities of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase. the effects of chlorpromazine, demethylimipramine, cinchocaine, norfenfluramine, mepyramine and magnesium ions.	1. microsomal membranes from rat liver were incubated with atp, coa, mg2+, [14c]palmitate, f- and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in order to label them with [14c]phosphatidate. these membranes were isolated and used in a second incubation in which [3h]ctp was present, and the simultaneous synthesis of [14c]diacylglycerol and [3h]cdp-diacylglycerol was measured. 2. the addition of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, which had been partially purified from the particle-free supernatant, supplemented the activ ...	1977	192211
the epidemiology of the feline leukemia virus (felv).	clustering of cases of feline lymphosarcoma (lsa) has been observed by veterinarians for many years. in 1964 it was discovered that feline lsa was caused by an oncornavirus, the feline leukemia virus (felv). in 1970, a simple, indirect immunoflourescent antibody (ifa) test for felv was developed which enabled large numbers of cats, living in their natural (household) environments, to be tested for the virus. in one study, over 2,000 cats were tested and the results showed conclusively that felv ...	1977	192437
effect of dilution on recovery of bacteria from blood.	the multiplication rate of bacteria in undiluted blood containing sodium polyanethol sulfonate was compared with growth rates obtained in dilutions of blood ranging from 1:2 to 1:8. although all organisms tested grew in the undiluted blood, increased growth rates were seen in the 1:2 dilution. further dilution resulted in growth rates equivalent to that obtained with the 1:2 dilution. in view of these results, we question the present recommendations that blood be diluted 1:10 or 1:20.	1977	192761
anaerobic bacteria in biliary disease in elderly patients.	gallbladder bile from 52 elderly subjects who had undergone biliary tract surgery was examined for the presence of bacteria. twelve patients had sterile bile, 18 specimens of bile yielded anaerobes as well as aerobes, and 22 yielded aerobic bacteria only. escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism (30 strains). bacteroides fragilis was the most frequently encountered anaerobic bacterium and was found in 15 patients. the klebsiella-enterobacter group was the second most commonly iso ...	1977	192815
[isolation of preparations of type b monoamine oxidase from liver mitochondria].		1977	193582
the effect of shearing of xc dna on its rsv transfecting activity.	xc dna fragments having the average molecular weight of 10(7) daltons were obtained by hydrodynamic shearing followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation or budr treatment of xc cells used for dna preparation. such dna molecules, even after long-term storage, were found to be active in transfection.	1977	193741
latent infection of monkeys with b virus and prophylactic studies in a rabbit model of this disease.		1977	193814
activation of a procarcinogen to a mutagen by cell-free extracts of anaerobic bacteria.	the salmonella mutagenicity assay can be coupled to cell-free preparations derived from anaerobic bacteria (clostridium perfringens and bacteroides fragilis) to activate a procarcinogen to a mutagen. this activity is destroyed by heating and by digestion with pronase and it is sensitive to oxygen. these findings indicate that the salmonella mutagenicity assay can be adapted to the study of the role of anaerobes in the activation of carcinogens.	1977	197405
substrate positions and induced-fit in crystalline adenylate kinase.		1977	198550
anaerobes in human biliary tracts.	during a 2-year period, 1,892 patients underwent biliary tract surgery at the mayo clinic. both aerobic and anaerobic cultures of bile were performed in 371 of these patients. sixty-nine percent of the cultures were positive, and 41% (117) of these grew anaerobes, although they were present in pure culture only twice. mixed cultures most commonly contained four different organisms (three aerobes and one anaerobe). bacteroides fragilis was the single most commonly isolated anaerobe and ranked fou ...	1977	200634
the in vitro and in vivo activity of taurolin against anaerobic pathogenic organisms.	an antibacterial agent, taurolin, formed by the combination of 2 molecules of taurine with 3 molecules of formaldehyde has been tested against anaerobes in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, taurolin is highly active against bacteroides species and anaerobic streptococci as measured by the minimum inhibitory concentration. in vivo, small dosages of taurolin given intraperitoneally increase the mortality in mice with bacteroides peritonitis. however, by increasing the dosage of taurolin, survival is pr ...	1977	201040
epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus antibodies in infectious mononucleosis.	a method has been evolved for the demonstration of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in 83 cases of infectious mononucleosis. serum samples were tested for ebv igm, anti-vca igg, anti-ebna, cmv igm and cmv igg antibodies. an acute-phase sample (or samples) and a convalescence sample were examined in each case, and in 44 cases an additional samples was examined 5-12 months after the illness. since the different antibodies showed characteristic differences in both titre ...	1977	201153
evidence for endogenous lh suppression in a man with bilateral testicular tumors and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.		1977	201659
serologic study on the prevalence of murine viruses in five canadian mouse colonies.	a serologic study was made of five canadian mouse colonies to determine the prevalence of antibodies to 11 murine viruses. a total of 139 sera from the five colonies were evaluated by complement fixation or hemagglutination inhibition methods. viral antibodies were present in all five colonies. antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice, minute virus of mice, theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and reovirus type 3 were found in all five colonies. k-virus antibodies were present in four colonies. polyo ...	1977	201796
[comparative study of the morphofunctional organization of tissues of different regions of the rat brain in culture].	the morphological organization and spontaneous electrical activity of neurones of the hippocampus, visual cortex and cerebellum of one- two-day old rats were studied during prolonged cultivation (up to 35 days) of explants under indentical conditions in vitro. differentiation of cells, myelinization of axons and formation of synapses between the neurones were observed. a continuous and periodic types of unit activity were recorded which, for the hippocampus did not depend on the time of cultivat ...	1977	202105
[global program for the elimination of smallpox. iii. the problem of monkey pox as a threat to the global program for the elimination of smallpox].		1977	203146
[infections by anaerobic bacteria].		1977	211568
schistosomiasis of the spinal cord.	four cases of spinal cord schistosomiasis were characterized by paraparesis, sensory loss, and sphincter disturbances progressing over hours to days. one patient showed deterioration over months and remission after laminectomy, followed by the typical, rapidly progressive deficits. biopsies on two patients showed granulomatous and necrotizing myelitis. spontaneous improvement and unremitting deterioration, despite chemotherapy, make evaluation of treatment difficult. a survey of all previously r ...	1977	189253
decline of maternal antibodies to plague in norway rats.	the decline of maternal antibodies to the fraciton i antigen of yersinia pestis was investigated in newly weaned rattus norvegicus obtained from dams vaccinated with strain ev76(51f) of y. pestis. iha titre decreased by 50% each 7-3 days and cf titre declined 50% each 10-0 days in young rats. an analysis of available data indicated that maternal iha and cf antibodies could persist to 3 months of age. therefore, positive serologic reactions in young r. norvegicus, detected in the course of serolo ...	1977	264498
[use of the tray system in dental practice].	the present account of experience presents the commercial trya assemblage and illustrates some important possiblities of using it. it is emphasized that trays should be introduced only after individual work analysies. in this connexion, it is concluded that any tray assemblage must be in individual one.	1977	265644
[actinomyces in dental plaque].		1977	266558
[submicroscopic studies of experimental pulp mineralizations].		1977	268278
serological studies of bacteroides fragilis.	using direct agglutination methods, a simple serological scheme for the classification of bacteroides fragilis is described. twenty strains of b. fragilis were selected by a process of sucessive screening from 151 strains obtained from various sources. o-antigens were prepared from the 20 strains, and used to raise antisera in rabbits. each of the 20 antisera reacted with its homologous antigen and eight antisera cross-reacted with other subspecies. these cross-reactions were successfully remove ...	1977	269199
[physiological significance of human apolipoproteins].		1977	269614
pyrolysis gas chromatography of microorganisms. influence of various pyrolysis parameters on the yield of volatile organic products.	bacteroides fragilis was analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography (pgc). the influence of temperature rise time, pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time on the yield of volatile organic pyrolysis products was studied. the use of short pyrolysis time (8 msec) and a high pyrolysis end temperature (1300 degrees c) was found to provide a high yield. in consecutive analyses of the test organism, under the pyrolysis conditions indicated, the standard deviation of the total yield of volatile organic p ...	1977	269647
nonrandom chromosome rearrangements in 27 cases of human myeloid leukemia.	the r-banding pattern of the chromosomes of 31 patients hospitalized in the hematologic clinic for myeloid leukemia were studied before chemotherapy. this analysis permitted identification of one unusual 3-chromosome rearrangement t(3;9;22) in addition to 25 classic forms of (22q-;9q+) translocation accompanied by the specific ph' chromosome in chronic granulocytic leukemia patients, independent of the blastic course of the disease. during blastic crisis observed in 6 patients, extra 8 and 10 ch ...	1977	271632
liposome--lymphocyte interaction: saturable sites for transfer and intracellular release of liposome contents.	the water-soluble dye 6-carboxyfluorescein was trapped in the internal aqueous compartments of small sonicated dioleoyl lecithin vesicles and used to assess the kinetics of transfer of vesicle contents to human lymphocytes. by using flow microfluorometry, the initial rate of dye transfer to the cells was measured as a function of the concentration of vesicles in the external medium. the rate of transfer consists of at least two components, one of which saturates at high vesicle concentration and ...	1977	271988
pharmacological studies on an iron-poly-(sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex for parenteral treatment of iron deficiency anaemia.	intravenous injection of the iron-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex (ipsg) to cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone caused a transient decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and a temporary increase in central venous pressure, heart rate and femoral blood flow at large doses (cumulative doses up to 744 mg/kg). tachyphylaxis developed upon repeated administration. a temporary reduction in the magnitude of the blood pressure responses to noradrenaline and isoprenaline was obtained aft ...	1977	272036
[the combination effect of ampicillin and dicloxacillin on the strains of bacteriodes fragilis isolated from clinical specimens (author's transl)].	the antimicrobial activities of ampicillin (abpc) and dicloxacillin (mdipc) alone were tested in 100 strains of b. fragilis isolated from clinical specimens, and combined activity of abpc and mdipc was investigated employing a chequer board titration method (box method) with agar plates and liquid media. the following results were obtained. 1. of the 100 strains tested, approximately 33% were shown to have mics of abpc greater than 100 mcg/ml, whereas 92% of strains were greater than 100 mcg/ml ...	1977	242607
susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics and production of beta-lactamase in bacteroides fragilis.	using the agar dilution technique, 231 strains of bacteroides fragilis, isolated during a 2-year period from human infections, were identified at subspecies level and were tested for susceptibility to 13 beta-lactam antibiotics. the penicillins were benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, and the recently described penicillin derivatives cyclacillin, ticarcillin, and pc-904. the following cephalosporin derivatives were tested: cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephalexin, cefamandole ...	1977	243112
immunization of chickens against adenovirus infection.	chickens were vaccinated with monovalent and polyvalent adenovirus vaccines using three different serotypes, types 1, 2, and 3. no cross-protection was elicited by the heterologous serotypes but satisfactory protection from lesions and the shedding of challenge virus was induced by the homologous serotypes in the monovalent and polyvalent vaccines. the virus neutralizing (vn) titers were occasionally lower where the polyvalent vaccines were used when compared to those from chickens given the mon ...	1977	203922
clindamycin and gentamicin for aerobic and anaerobic sepsis.	thirty-eight adult patients with serious pleuropulmonary, soft-tissue, bone, and intra-abdominal infections caused by combinations of aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria were treated with parenterally given clindamycin phosphate and gentamicin sulfate and surgery when appropriate. nine had associated bacteremia. in 29, infections failed to respond to other therapeutic regimens, which included penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol. results with clindamycin and ...	1977	318824
bactericidal activity of tinidazole. an in vitro comparison of the effects of tinidazole and metronidazole against bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobic bacteria.	the new antiprotozoal agent, tinidazole, was found to be bactericidal against all 52 isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria tested, 42 bacteroides fragilis, 4 clostridia and 6 peptostreptococci. the minimum bactericidal concentrations of tinidazole for b. fragilis ranged from 0.25 to 4 mug/ml, and those of metronidazole from 0.25 to 8 mug/ml, i.e. several times lower than the serum concentrations achievable after oral administration. in most cases the mic was identical with mbc or half of it. o ...	1977	318974
development of a lysis-filtration blood culture technique.	a lysed-blood culture system that quickly lyses patients' blood near neutrality and is relatively noninjurious to more delicate pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae and bacteroides fragilis is reported. the lysing solution includes culture medium, 0.004 m sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, 0.04% triton x-100,and 0.6% rhozyme (a mixture of proteases). most of the pathogens tested multiplied in the lysing solution. the lysed blood normally is immediately filtered. the membrane is transferred to ...	1977	319108
neonatal sepsis at the johns hopkins hospital, 1969-1975: bacterial isolates and clinical correlates.	the experience with neonatal sepsis at the johns hopkins hospital during 1969-1975 was reviewed. major pathogens included escherichia coli, group b streptococcus, other streptococci, and klebsiella. nineteen percent of coliform isolates were kanamycin-resistant. the frequency of recovery of e. coli was increased in early-onset sepsis, and the frequency of recovery of klebsiella was increased in late-onset sepsis. the mortality rate was 23%. the frequency of recovery of e. coli was increased in f ...	1977	319288
prosthetic valve endocarditis by opportunistic pathogens.	the incidence of endocarditis produced by the so-called "opportunists" as a complication of prosthetic valve surgery is progressively increasing in frequency and gradually transforming the clinical picture habitually associated with this disease. we report six cases of endocarditis produced by opportunistic microorganisms (two cases by candida, and the remaining by serratia, actinobacillus, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and bacteroides fragilis, and by corynebacterium diphtheriae) in four male an ...	1977	319774
chronic subphrenic abscess: the missed diagnosis.	this report of a case of chronic subphrenic abscess, with a brief review and recommendations for diagnosis and prevention, draws attention to this clinical entity as a potential cause of chronic ill health. the clinical presentation and laboratory findings in this case were unremarkable. it is clear that the condition can be easily missed and the patient may be exposed unnecessarily to prolonged illness and to inappropriate investigation and therapy.	1977	321108
repair, replication and survival in uv-irradiated escherichia coli.	the influence of dimer removal through excision or photoreactivation on the kinetics of dna synthesis, sedimentation profiles of dna molecules and survival of cells was investigated in excision-deficient and excision-proficient escherichia coli k-12 after a flux of 20 j m-2. in excision-deficient cells photoreactivation did not influence the kinetics of dna synthesis for a long period and the sedimentation properties of dna synthesized immediately after photoreactivation were influenced only sli ...	1977	321311
the germicidal effect of the open air in different parts of the netherlands.	using the microthread technique the survival of escherichia coli mre 162 in open air was measured in different parts of the netherlands. the presence of bactericidal compounds (open air factor = oaf) could be demonstrated on several days and quantitated in relative units of oaf concentration. in the absence of ozone the oaf concentration was always low. in the presence of ozone the oaf concentration was dependent on wind direction. at the selected microthread exposure sites air from areas with h ...	1977	321676
therapy for experimental intraabdominal sepsis: comparison of four cephalosporins with clindamycin plus gentamicin.	an experimental model of intraabdominal sepsis in rats was used for evaluation of treatment with four cephalosporins: cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole. doses were 115 mg of each of the cephalosporins/kg and, in additional experiments, 350 mg of cephalothin or cefazolin/kg. response to treatment was evaluated by mortality rate and the incidence of intraabdominal abscess. all four cephalosporins and gentamicin produced a similar reduction in mortality rates. there was a marked va ...	1977	321707
therapy for infections due to anaerobic bacteria: an overview.	several classes of antimicrobial agents (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin) are useful in treatment of infections due to anaerobic bacteria. however, certain anaerobic bacteria have shown a striking resistance to antimicrobial agents. in vitro susceptibility tests are useful for selection of optimal therapy. the choice of agent depends, to some extent, on the organisms responsible for the infection. bacteroides fragilis is the most commonly encoun ...	1977	321708
a double-blind comparison of clindamycin with penicillin plus chloramphenicol in treatment of septic abortion.	the responses to therapy with either clindamycin alone or penicillin plus chloramphenicol in 77 patients with septic abortions were compared in a randomized, double-blind study. although fever index and duration of hospitalization were similar for both groups of patients, significantly more patients in the group that received clindamycin developed major complications (p less than 0.05). this is believed to result from clindamycin's lack of activity against aerobic gram-negative bacilli. aggressi ...	1977	321709
[polymicrobial septicemia caused by strictly anaerobic bacteria].		1977	322091
bacteroides fragilis subspecies in clinical isolates.	isolates of bacteroides fragilis from 83 infected patients were collected during 2 years. of 103 isolates, 68% were subspecies fragilis. this was the single most common subspecies isolated from blood (12/17), intra-abdominal (11/28), wound (17/20), perirectal (11/16), pelvic (6/10), and other (8/11) sites. sixteen patients had b. fragilis isolated in pure culture. of these, 9/12 blood cultures and 4/4 cultures from other sites were ss. fragilis. the recent observation that ss. fragilis organisms ...	1977	322563
clinical evaluation of a simple, rapid procedure for the presumptive identification of anaerobic bacteria.	a simple, rapid procedure for the presumptive identification of anaerobic bacteria has been evaluated. two hundred and thirty-five clinical isolates were identified using gas-liquid chromatography and 3-ml volumes of a few selected test media. these test media were stored aerobically and incubated in gaspak anaerobic jars. the average incubation time was 39 h. this procedure, when compared to the results of our standard identification procedure, correctly identified 98% of the isolates to the ge ...	1977	323283
rapid identification of bacteroides fragilis with bile and antibiotic disks.	a simple screening test is described for separating bacteroides fragilis from other anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. the test utilizes filter paper disks impregnated with 25 mg of oxgall (difco), tested in conjunction with antibiotic identification disks. the bile disks and antibiotic disks are placed on a supplemented brucella blood agar plate which has been inoculated by swabbing with a standardized cell suspension. after 24 h at 35 degrees c in a gaspak jar, resistance to kanamycin and bile i ...	1977	323285
two new bioassay techniques for nitrofurans: bacteroides fragilis and rec-escherichia coli as indicator strains.	techniques for the microbiological assay of nitrofurans are described. in one the indicator strain is bacteroides fragilis; use of this system enables concentrations of nifuratel and furazolidone of down to 0.7 micrograms/ml to be estimated. the other system uses a recombination-deficient (reca-uvra-) mutant of escherichia coli; with this indicator, concentrations of 0.2 micrograms/ml, or less, of five nitrofurans can be assayed.	1977	324721
parallel study of two techniques for identification of gram negative anaerobic bacilli.	the authors have used two different methods for the identification of 45 strains of stric anaerobic gram negative rods: a study of biochemical characters by the api 20 anaerobic kit, and system proposed by sutter and finegold (susceptibility to discs loaded with antibiotics associated with some simple biochemical characters). a good correlation has been observed between those two techniques. however, a precise diagnostic can be given only by a whole study of biochemical characters, as proposed b ...	1977	325953
[growth of non-sporing anaerobes in an oxygen-free blood culture system (author's transl)].	the efficacy of the commercially available vacutainer blood culture system to support the growth of non-sporing anaerobes was compared with two laboratory-prepared blood culture media (supplemented thioglycollate medium and brain heart infusion). the media were inoculated with 10, 100 and 1000 organisms of the species tested, and the number of colony-forming units was determined at intervals of 8-10 hrs. analogous experiments were performed with batches of the media to which 10% vol/vol of human ...	1977	325956
human biology council.		1977	326655
isolation and identification of encapsulated strains of bacteroides fragilis.	one hundred three clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis were identified during a two-year period. most of these isolates were strains of b. fragilis subspecies fragilis, which constitutes a minor component of the fecal flora in comparison with the other subspecies of b. fragilis. by use of several techniques for demonstration of capsules, it was found that only b. fragilis strains classified as subspecies fragilis were encapsulated. an indirect immunofluorescence assay was developed for iden ...	1977	328787
comparison of killing of bacteria by guinea pig neutrophils and monocytes.	guinea pig polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn's; harvested from the blood and from peritoneal exudates) and monocytes (harvested from the peritoneal cavity with and without stimulation of an exudate) were compared in their capacities to kill three pyogenic bacteria. all combinations of phagocytes and bacteria required heat-labile opsonic factors. no significant differences in killing of the three organisms were observed between blood and peritoneal pmn's or between stimulated and unstimulated mo ...	1977	328806
repression of inducible enzyme synthesis in a mutant of escherichia coli k 12 deleted for the ptsh gene.	the genome of lambda phage with thermosensitive repressor was inserted into the pts region of the escherichia coli chromosome. this lysogenic culture possessed the pts1 phenotype at 30 degrees c. a mutant strain with a deletion covering the ptsh gene was isolated after a prophage curing procedure. the deletion nature of the pts mutation was confirmed in genetical and biochemical experiments. the deletion covered a small fragment of the bacterial genome not extending in the ptsi and lig genes. th ...	1977	329116
anaerobic and aerobic bacteriology in head and neck cancer surgery.	a prospective study of wound infections following major head and neck cancer surgery was undertaken to define a rational approach to trials of antibiotic prophylaxis and initial therapy of these infections. preoperative aerobic cultures were taken from the planned site of skin incision and from the oropharynx. both aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained from all wound infections. patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics were excluded from the study. the data indicate that preoperative c ...	1977	329532
bactericidal activity of the combinations of gentamicin with clindamycin or chloramphenicol against species of escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis.	the bactericidal activity of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin alone and of gentamicin plus clindamycin and gentamicin plus chloramphenicol was studied on 8 strains of escherichia coli and 10 strains of bacteroides fragilis isolated from clinical material. gentamicin did not interfere with the activity of clindamycin or chloramphenicol against b. fragilis. the activity of gentamicin against e. coli was not influenced by clindamycin, but chloramphenicol suppressed the rapid bactericida ...	1977	332070
superoxide dismutase in bacteroides fragilis and related bacteroides species.	superoxide dismutase (sod) activity was demonstrated in cell-free extracts of bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides vulgatus, bacteroides distasonis, bacteroides ovatus, and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. the strains were grown under anaerobic conditions in trypticase soy broth, and the specific activity of sod in the extracts was, in most strains, higher than in cell-free extracts of escherichia coli b grown under anaerobic conditions. isoelectric focusing of the extracts in polyacrylamide gel demon ...	1977	332713
transfer of multiple antibiotic resistance from bacteroides fragilis to escherichia coli.	multiple antibiotic resistance was transferred from a clinical isolate of bacteroides fragilis to a strain of escherichia coli k12. resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, tetracycline, minocycline, and chloramphenicol was transferred as a unit, but the resistance markers became segregated during storage of the recipient strains.	1977	333042
diagnosis of anaerobic infections by gas-liquid chromatography.	anaerobic bacteriology of clinical specimens is an expensive and time-consuming operation. in the present investigation it was shown that fatty acids produced by anaerobic bacteria may serve as bacterial markers in clinical material. ten specimens of pus were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and the results were compared with the bacteriological findings. good correlations were found for the recovery of bacteroides fragilis and the presence of isobutyric, butyric and succinic acids. it is c ...	1977	333867
properties of the ames salmonella mutants lodged in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats.	an association of the histidine auxotroph of salmonella typhimurium (strain ta1538) within the gastrointestinal tract of otherwise germ-free sprague-dawley rats is maintained during observations for up to 7 months. the bacteria exceed concentrations of 10(7)/g in the forestomach and exceed concentrations of 10(8)/g in the lower bowel and feces. when carcinogens are ingested, the number of revertants in the feces increases. the ingestion of structurally related compounds which are not mutagenic t ...	1977	335870
quantitative determination of the antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of bacteroides fragilis in an animal model of intraabdominal abscess formation.	the humoral antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of bacteroides fragilis was quantitated in an animal model of intraabdominal abscess formation using a sensitive quantitative radioactive antigen-binding assay. antibody detected by this technique correlated highly with antibody measured by quantitative precipitin analysis (r = 0.943). animals infected with encapsulated b. fragilis develop high levels of circulating serum antibody to the capsular polysaccharide. this antibody can be in ...	1977	336801
the diagnosis of anaerobic infections.		1977	338340
effect of temperature on survival of bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis and escherichia coli in pus.	approximately 40 to 60% of bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis in pus from experimental intra-abdominal abscesses lost their viability within 24 h when stored at refrigeration temperature (4 degrees c) either aerobically or anaerobically. no viability loss of b. fragilis was noted when pus was stored at 25 degrees c. only slight loss of viaability of b. fragilis was observed at 15 degrees c. escherichia coli coexisting in pus with b. fragilis increased several 100fold in 24 h when stored at 25 ...	1977	338625
[microgallery for the identification of anaerobic bacteria].	a microgallery for the identification of anaerobic bacteria (api 20a) was used with regard to 213 strictly anaerobic strains isolated between 1.12.74 and 30.11.75 in a hospital laboratory. furthermore, 75 strains of bacteroides fragilis isolated previously were added to this study. all the strains were identified by traditional methods. the results of tests performed with the microgallery alone permitted the species diagnosis in 72,2% of cases. performing simultaneously complementary tests (7 to ...	1977	350098
carbohydrate repression of catalase synthesis in bacteroides fragilis.	catalase formation by bacteroides fragilis was immediately stopped upon addition of glucose to a culture growing in peptone medium. each of eight other carbohydrates fermented by the organism also repressed catalase formation. without added carbohydrate, the strains produced relatively large amounts of catalase (25 to 50 u/mg of protein).	1977	830647
suppurative thyroiditis with gas formation due to mixed anaerobic infection.		1977	830929
quantitative microflora of the vagina.	this study enumerated the predominant vaginal flora in 25 healthy patients: 18 prenatal (six with and 12 without gonorrhea) and seven nonpregnant without gonorrhea. all 25 patients had aerobes and 19 of the 25 had anerobes isolated in titers of greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu per milliliter). the most frequently isolated microorganism was the lactobacillus (aerobic and anaerobic species) followed by c. vaginale, viridans streptococci, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and b ...	1977	831488
effect of a high-beef diet on the fecal bacterial flora of humans.	ten human volunteers completed a 4-month diet series consisting of 1 month each of a control diet, a meatless diet, a high-beef diet, and the same control diet. fat and fiber contents were essentially the same in all four diets, but protein content was doubled during the high-beef diet. during the 4th week on each diet, three stool specimens collected from each volunteer were analyzed for chemical composition and content of facultative, aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria. the bacteriological data a ...	1977	832279
sensitivity of bacteroidaceae to fosfomycin.	the sensitivity of 116 strains of bacteroides fragilis and 60 strains of sphaerophorus to fosfomycin was studied. of the 178 strains that were tested, 156 were isolated from pathological products in our department and the remainder came from the following collections: nctc, atcc and the institut fur mikrobiologie of the university of bonn. identification was made morphologically and biochemically in accordance with the scheme which we usually employ and which has previously been published. the s ...	1977	832544
numbers and types of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens since 1960.	between 1960 and 1974, 826 specimens, excluding stool, urine, sputum, and blood, yielded 689 (83%) positive cultures, of which 403 (58.5%) contained anaerobic bacteria. this represents 48.8% of the total specimens cultured. isolates from 153 specimens obtained and stocked from 1965 to 1974 were reidentified by current criteria. gram-negative bacilli, primarily bacteroides, were the most frequently isolated anaerobes, being found in 70% of 153 anaerobe-positive specimens and accounting for 42% of ...	1977	833266
antimicrobial effect of amniotic fluid against anaerobic bacteria.	amniotic fluid samples were obtained at term and tested for their antimicrobial effect on anaerobes, peptostreptococcus (ps.) anaerobius, peptococcus (pc.) prevotii, bacteroides (b.) fragilis, and b. coagulans with facultative escherichia (e.) coli serving as control. amniotic fluid had only temporary bacteriostatic effect on pc. prevotii and b. fragilis for 8 to 16 hours. this effect lasted for only 8 hours on ps. anaerobius. on the contrary, the bacteriostatic effect of amniotic fluid was well ...	1977	835621
[bacteriological studies on bacteroides fragilis infections and treatment with clindamycin for intravenous injection (author's transl)].		1977	839641
[susceptibility to thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].	the in vitro susceptibility to thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol of 272 anaerobes, most of which were recent clinical isolated, was determined by broth dilution tests, with chloramphenicol, 133 anaerobic gram-negative non-sporing rods (48 bacteroides fragilis, 13 b. thetaiotaomicron, 14 b. oralis, 16 sphaerophorus varius etc.) had mic values of 0.03 through 16 microng/ml. very similar results (mic, 0.06-16 microng/ml) were obtained with thiamphenicol. in concentrations of 4 microng/ml or less ch ...	1977	848218
in vitro activity of ticarcillin against anaerobic bacteria compared with that of carbenicillin and penicillin.	a total of 334 clinical anaerobic isolates were tested in an anaerobic glove box by the agar dilution technique for susceptibility to clinically achievable levels of ticarcillin, carbenicillin, and penicillin. thirty-two micrograms or less of penicillin per milliliter inhibited 91% of all strains, whereas 100 mug of carbenicillin and ticarcillin per ml inhibited 95 and 98%, respectively. a total of 82% (85 strains) of bacteroides were inhibited by penicillin, and 93 and 96% were inhibited by car ...	1977	848931
experimental infections with anaerobic bacteria in mice.	experimental anaerobic infections in mice are reviewed with a description of a model of pure bacteroides fragilis infection. in this experimental situation, b. fragilis produces large subcutaneous abscesses in the groins of mice that can be diagnosed without autopsy. this infection was treated effectively with clindamycin in doses that produced levels of drug in blood similar to those attainable in humans.	1977	850086
introduction.		1977	850087
comparison of clindamycin and chloramphenicol in treatment of serious infections of the female genital tract.	a study was performed of 102 obstetric-gynecologic patients who were thought to have sepsis or a pelvic abscess. fifty-three of these women received chloramphenicol and 49 received clindamycin. in addition, all patients received penicillin or a similar antibiotic and an aminoglycoside. similar clinical results were observed with the two treatment regimens. in eight of the 49 patients who received clindamycin and in three of 52 patients who received chloramphenicol, use of the drug was discontinu ...	1977	850088
in vitro activity and clinical efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of infections due to anaerobic bacteria.	clindamycin, rosamicin, josamycin, and metronidazole had similar inhibitory activity against 29 clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis, i.e., 100% of strains were inhibited by 0.8 microng of metronidazole or josamycin/ml and 100% by 1.6 microng of clindamycin or rosamicin/ml. metronidazole was bactericidal against 97% of the isolates, and clindamycin or rosamicin (in concentrations of 1.6 microng/ml) was bactericidal against 80%. erythromycin and josamicin were the least bactericidal agents i ...	1977	850091
clindamycin for treatment of sepsis caused by decubitus ulcers.	bacteremia was documented in 19 (76%) of 24 patients with sepsis caused solely by decubitus ulcers, persisted in all but two, and was polymicrobial in 10 (42%). obligate anaerobes were isolated from 12 patients (63%) and included bacteroides fragilis in 11 (58%). aerobes, primarily proteus (21%) and staphylococcus (16%), were isolated in nine patients (47%). therapy was judged appropriate when the microbial isolates were susceptible in vitro to the antibiotic used. nineteen patients received cli ...	1977	850093
empiric treatment with clindamycin and gentamicin of suspected sepsis due to anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.	clindamycin and gentamicin were used in combination to treat 107 patients empirically for suspected aerobic-anaerobic sepsis. all patients were seriously ill and required initiation of treatment before results of cultures could be obtained. infections included intraabdominal sepsis, hospital-acquired aspiration pneumonia, and soft tissue infections. exudate cultured from 65 patients showed that the prediction of a mixed aerobic-anaerobic flora was correct in 46 patients (71%). isolates from exud ...	1977	850096
fatty acids in the endotoxins of various bacteroides fragilis subspecies.		1977	851902
a method for the production of pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized culture media.		1977	853028
chemotherapy of an experimental bacteroides fragilis infection in mice.	the efficacies of five common antimicrobial agents were determined for a pure bacteroides fragilis infection in mice. therapy was begun 4 h after bacterial injection and given every 8 h thereafter for 5 days. blood levels were determined over an 8-h period for each concentration of antibiotic tested. clindamycin and tetracycline were the most effective in preventing the formation of abscesses. chloramphenicol, penicillin g, and cephalothin were not effective in protecting the mice from infection ...	1977	855998
comparative growth rates of selected anaerobic species in four commonly used broth media.	generations times (g(t)) of selected anaerobic species were compared in four culture media commonly used for anaerobic bacteria to evaluate these media for growing inocula for anaerobic antibiotic susceptibility determinations. twenty-two clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis, fusobacterium spp., clostridium perfringens, and clostridium spp. were tested in schaedler broth, supplemented lombard-dowell broth, supplemented thioglycolate broth, and supplemented peptone-yeast extract-glucose brot ...	1977	856002
comparative susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to ticarcillin, cefoxitin, metronidazole, and related antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro antimicrobial activity of two newer agents, ticarcillin and cefoxitin, against 204 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria was determined by an agar dilution technique, and compared to their related compounds carbenicillin, cephalothin, and penicillin, as well as metronidazole, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol. ticarcillin was similar to carbenicillin, and cefoxitin was more active than cephalothin. at readily achievable blood concentrations of each antimicrobial agent, ticar ...	1977	856019
cefoxitin resistance to beta-lactamase: a major factor for susceptibility of bacteroides fragilis to the antibiotic.	toluene-treated cell suspensions of bacteroides fragilis were used to screen clinical isolates for the production of beta-lactamase. approximately one-third of the isolates possessed considerable cephalosporinase activity. a significant correlation was found between beta-lactamase production and resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics. several isolates were resistant to cefuroxime and cefamandole and produced enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these antibiotics. however, none of the 79 strains teste ...	1977	856025
[in vitro susceptibility of bacteroidaceae to cefoxitin and cephalothin (author's transl)].	the activity of the new cephamycin c derivatives cefoxitin against 102 clinical isolates of bacteroidaceae (95 bacteroides strains and 7 fusobacterium-sphaerophorus cultures) was determined by tube dilution and standardized agar diffusion tests and compared to that of cephalothin. cefoxitin was more active than cephalothin against 56 bacteroides fragilis strains, 19 bacteroides thetaiota-omicron strains and two bacteroides splanchnicus strains. the difference seemed less pronounced with five bac ...	1977	856727
myocardial abscess complicating healed myocardial infarction.	an isolated myocardial abscess due to bacteroides fragilis developed in the scar of a myocardial infarction. fever, chills and signs of pericarditis were the main clinical features. mild enteritis 1 week prior to the onset of symptoms related to the abscess was the most likely cause of the bacteremia. the diagnosis was established at thoracotomy, performed because of cardiac tamponade. thirteen other cases of isolated bacterial myocardial abscess accompanying myocardial infarction have been repo ...	1977	861868