Publications

detection and identification of ehrlichia, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and bartonella species in dutch ixodes ricinus ticks.	a sensitive and specific pcr hybridization assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of ehrlichia and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. in separate assays the 16s rrna gene of ehrlichia species and the 23s-5s rrna spacer region of b. burgdorferi sensu lato were amplified and labeled by pcr. these pcr products were used in a reverse line blot hybridization assay in which oligonucleotide probes are covalently linked to a membrane in parallel lines. hybridization of the s ...	1999	10364588
presumed ocular bartonellosis.	the spectrum of diseases caused by bartonella henselae continues to expand and ocular involvement during this infection is being diagnosed with increasing frequency.	1999	10365031
infected dog and cat bites.		1999	10366326
the mutt motif family of nucleotide phosphohydrolases in man and human pathogens (review).	human cells express at least eight members of the mutt motif protein (or nudix hydrolase) family. these enzymes are believed to eliminate toxic nucleotide derivatives from the cell and regulate the levels of important signalling nucleotides and their metabolites. six have been fully or partially characterized: i) hmth1 is a nucleoside triphosphatase which restricts at-->cg transversions by specifically degrading the oxidized nucleotide 8-oxo-dgtp; ii) hapah1 preferentially degrades the signallin ...	1999	10373642
conservative management of documented neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease associated with bartonella henselae infection.	bartonella henselae has been identified as the causative agent of the neuroretinitis associated with cat scratch disease (csd). immunofluorescent antibody tests with good sensitivity and specificity are available to aid in diagnosis. despite diagnostic advances, optimal management remains controversial. we present a case of documented b. henselae macular neuroretinitis managed without antibiotics and discuss antibiotic use in this condition.	1999	10379716
recurrent encephalopathy in cat-scratch disease.		1999	10391197
diagnosis of rickettsial diseases using samples dried on blotting paper.	the use of filter paper is an inexpensive and convenient method for collecting, storing, and transporting blood samples for serological studies. in addition, samples occupy little space and can be readily transported without refrigeration. rickettsial diseases often evolve according to an epidemic mode and are now considered reemerging diseases, especially in developing countries, under conditions where fieldwork could be difficult. the suitability of collecting whole-blood specimens on filter p ...	1999	10391847
identification of bartonella-specific immunodominant antigens recognized by the feline humoral immune system.	the seroreactivities of both naturally and experimentally infected cats to bartonella henselae was examined. serum samples collected weekly from nine cats experimentally infected with b. henselae lsu16 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot analysis. the magnitude and isotype of the antibody response were investigated by elisa. western blot analysis allowed the identification of at least 24 bartonella-specific antigens recognized by the cats during infection. a ...	1999	10391863
use of polymerase chain reaction for citrate synthase gene to diagnose bartonella quintana endocarditis.	we describe aortic valve endocarditis caused by bartonella quintana in a 31-year-old man. the diagnosis was made on the basis of polymerase chain reaction amplification of the b quintana citrate synthase gene from cardiac valve tissue, the compatibility of histochemical stains of cardiac valve tissue, and serologic studies.	1999	10396283
[infection and angiomatous cutaneous lesions].	the occurrence of angiomatous cutaneous lesions in the presence of an infective process is not a frequent phenomenon. most infectious diseases are associated with an exanthematous reaction. the combination of an infective illness and angiomatous lesions is seen essentially in the bartonelloses and in kaposi's disease. bartonelloses: group of infections due to alpha-proteobacteria such as bartonella. bartonella bacilliformis (bb), is the causal agent of carrion's disease, the chronic cutaneous fo ...	1999	10399647
systemic bartonella henselae infection with hepatosplenic involvement.	systemic manifestations of bartonella henselae infection are rare in the immunocompetent host. the infection generally has initial symptoms of prolonged fever and multiple granulomatous lesions in liver and spleen.	1999	10400104
radiological case of the month. atypical cat-scratch disease.		1999	10401812
isolation of a new subspecies, bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis, from a cattle rancher: identity with isolates found in conjunction with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti among naturally infected mice.	bacteremia with fever due to a novel subspecies of bartonella vinsonii was found in a cattle rancher. the subspecies shared major characteristics of the genus bartonella in terms of most biochemical features and cellular fatty acid profile, but it was distinguishable from other subspecies of b. vinsonii by good growth on heart infusion agar supplemented with x factor and by its pattern of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide substrates. dna relatedness studies verified that the isolate belonged to th ...	1999	10405408
coinfection with multiple tick-borne pathogens in a walker hound kennel in north carolina.	both dogs and humans can be coinfected with various ehrlichia, bartonella, rickettsia, and babesia species. we investigated a kennel of sick walker hounds and their owners in southeastern north carolina for evidence of tick-borne infections and associated risk factors. a high degree of coinfection was documented in the dog population. of the 27 dogs, 26 were seroreactive to an ehrlichia sp., 16 to babesia canis, and 25 to bartonella vinsonii, and 22 seroconverted to rickettsia rickettsii antigen ...	1999	10405413
evaluation of intraspecies genetic variation within the 60 kda heat-shock protein gene (groel) of bartonella species.	a phylogenetic investigation was done on the members of the genus bartonella, based on the dna sequence analysis of the groel gene, which encodes the 60 kda heat-shock protein groel. nucleotide sequence data were determined for a near full-length fragment (1368 bp) of the groel gene of the established bartonella species and used to infer intraspecies phylogenetic relationships. phylogenetic trees were inferred from multiple sequence alignments by using both distance and parsimony methods, which ...	1999	10425758
development of a system for genetic manipulation of bartonella bacilliformis.	lack of a system for site-specific genetic manipulation has severely hindered studies on the molecular biology of all bartonella species. we report the first site-specific mutagenesis and complementation for a bartonella species. a highly transformable strain of b. bacilliformis, termed jb584, was isolated and found to exhibit a significant increase in transformation efficiency with the broad-host-range plasmid pbbr1mcs-2, relative to wild-type strains. restriction analyses of genomic preparatio ...	1999	10427032
in vitro susceptibilities of four bartonella bacilliformis strains to 30 antibiotic compounds.	we have evaluated for the first time in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of four human strains of bartonella bacilliformis, the agent of carrion's disease. our results show that b. bacilliformis, like other bartonella species, is highly susceptible to antibiotics, including most beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, rifampin, macrolides, tetracyclines, cotrimoxazole, and fluoroquinolones.	1999	10428946
atypical mass lesion associated with cat-scratch disease.		1999	10433602
cat scratch disease: posterior segment manifestations.	to evaluate the posterior segment findings seen in ocular cat scratch disease.	1999	10442903
bartonella as emerging pathogens.		1999	10447359
characterization of bartonella henselae-specific immunity in balb/c mice.	balb/c mice were inoculated with bartonella henselae by both systemic and mucosal routes. culture analysis of tissues from mice infected intraperitoneally with a high dose of b. henselae yielded positive results 24 hr after infection. however, culture analysis of blood taken between 6 hr and 7 days after infection from groups receiving live b. henselae were negative. following intraperitoneal infection, b. henselae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in liver and mesenteric lymph nodes by ...	1999	10447753
bartonella henselae associated with parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome.	bartonella henselae was recovered from the conjunctival scraping of a 38-year-old woman who presented with a 2-week history of tender preauricular lymphadenopathy and a 1-day history of a red left eye. dry adherent colonies were observed on agar plates at 21 days of incubation, and the isolate was identified through conventional and molecular tests. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of a specific region of the 16s rrna gene and confirmation by a separate pcr reaction with hybridizati ...	1999	10452652
an ulcerated nodule associated with lymphadenopathy.		1999	10456353
bilateral bartonella-associated neuroretinitis.		1999	10458308
cat scratch encephalopathy.	cat scratch disease is usually a self-limited illness associated with tender lymph nodes, fever, malaise, and fatigue. lymphadenopathy usually resolves spontaneously within three to four months. cat scratch disease can be atypical as indicated by the presentation of our patient.	1999	10461442
an outbreak of acute bartonellosis (oroya fever) in the urubamba region of peru, 1998.	during may 1998, we conducted a case-control study of 357 participants from 60 households during an outbreak of acute bartonellosis in the urubamba valley, peru, a region not previously considered endemic for this disease. blood and insect specimens were collected and environmental assessments were done. case-patients (n = 22) were defined by fever, anemia, and intra-erythrocytic coccobacilli seen in thin smears. most case-patients were children (median age = 6.5 years). case-patients more frequ ...	1999	10463692
microbes and sequestered substances as mechanisms for disease: bartonella and l-forms as common global etiological agents.	the pathogenicity of microbes may be determined by substances sequestered from blood and bound to their constituent lipid. the brain may not perceive substances sequestered by microbes, to interfere with control to maintain normal levels. pathological conditions can be induced as organisms exposed to antimicrobial substances/conditions and/or deprived of nutrients essential to cell wall synthesis, disintegrate to free lipid-bound compounds and produce l-forms that can deplete nutrients as they r ...	1999	10465665
shared vector-borne zoonoses of the old world and new world: home grown or translocated?	humans inhabiting the old world and new world share a wide variety of pathogens. processes that result in the disjunct biogeographic distribution of pathogens with common vertebrate reservoirs or vectors are more difficult to unravel than those influencing the distribution of infections spread only through human-to-human transmission. the origins of species and complexes of tick-borne bacteria are unclear. the agent of lyme borreliosis may have speciated in the new world following geographical i ...	1999	10476548
survey of three bacterial louse-associated diseases among rural andean communities in peru: prevalence of epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever.	typhus and other louse-transmitted bacterial infections in peruvian sierra communities are known to occur but have not recently been assessed. in this study, 194 of 1,280 inhabitants of four villages in calca province in the urubamba valley were included. thirty-nine (20%) of the 194 volunteers had antibodies to rickettsia prowazekii, whereas 24 (12%) had antibodies to bartonella quintana and 2 against borrelia recurrentis. there was a significant correlation between the presence of infesting ec ...	1999	10476755
absence of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus dna in bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis lesions.	bartonella henselae and b. quintana induce an unusual vascular proliferative tissue response known as bacillary angiomatosis (ba) and bacillary peliosis (bp) in some human hosts. the mechanisms of bartonella-associated vascular proliferation remain unclear. although host factors probably play a role, microbial coinfection has not been ruled out. because of the vascular proliferative characteristics noted in both kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and ba and occasional colocalization of ks and ba, the possibi ...	1999	10479179
seroprevalence of bartonella henselae in cats in germany.	bartonella henselae and b. quintana infections in man are associated with various clinical manifestations including cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis and bacteraemia. while cats are the natural reservoir for b. henselae, the source of b. quintana is unclear. in this study, the sera of 713 cats from germany were examined for the presence of antibodies against b. henselae, b. quintana or afipia felis by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). bartonella-specific antibody titres of > ...	1999	10482296
prevalence of antibodies to bartonella henselae in patients with suspected cat scratch disease (csd) in italy.	cat scratch disease (csd) is a relatively new diagnosed illness with clinical signs of self-limiting regional lymphadenopathy accompanied by symptoms of fever and malaise, to encephalopathy and neuropathy, occurring after a cat scratch or flea bite. bartonella henselae is now accepted as the etiologic agent of csd. from january 1994 to september 1998, 412 patients were evaluated for suspect csd in italy. sera were tested for antibodies to b. henselae by a commercially available indirect immunofl ...	1999	10485354
semiquantitative species-specific detection of bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana by pcr-enzyme immunoassay.	bartonella henselae is the main causative agent of cat-scratch disease, and both b. henselae and bartonella quintana cause angioproliferative disorders such as bacillary angiomatosis. to increase the sensitivity of bartonella detection by pcr and to improve the species differentiation, we developed a semiquantitative, species-specific pcr-based enzyme immunoassay (eia). the 16s rrna gene was selected as the target sequence. internal nucleotide sequences derived from the amplified 16s rrna region ...	1999	10488160
molecular analysis of riboflavin synthesis genes in bartonella henselae and use of the ribc gene for differentiation of bartonella species by pcr.	the biosynthesis pathway for riboflavin (vitamin b(2)), the precursor of the essential cofactors flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, is present in bacteria and plants but is absent in vertebrates. due to their conservation in bacterial species and their absence in humans, the riboflavin synthesis genes should be well suited either for detection of bacterial dna in human specimens or for the differentiation of pathogenic bacteria by molecular techniques. a dna fragment carrying ...	1999	10488170
cat-scratch neuroretinitis.	cat-scratch disease is a subacute regional lymphadenitis, usually preceded by a history of a cat scratch or exposure to kittens. the disease is caused by bartonella henselae, and possibly bartonella quintana, pleomorphic gram-negative rods formerly known as rochalimaea henselae and rochalimaea quintana. ocular involvement is rare and typically manifests as either parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome or neuroretinitis. patients with neuroretinitis resulting from cat-scratch disease may be asymptoma ...	1999	10506816
seroepidemiology of bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection in california coyotes, 1994-1998.	the prevalence of antibodies to bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in coyotes (canis latrans) in california ranged from 51% in central to 34% in southern and 7% in northern california. seropositive coyotes were more likely to be from coastal than inland counties (p clustered distribution of bartonella seropositivity in coyotes suggests that b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection is vectorborne. further investigation is warranted to evaluate which arthropods are vectors and what the mode of t ...	1999	10511529
bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and related members of the alpha subdivision of the proteobacteria in dogs with cardiac arrhythmias, endocarditis, or myocarditis.	cardiac arrhythmias, endocarditis, or myocarditis was identified in 12 dogs, of which 11 were seroreactive to bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii antigens. historical abnormalities were highly variable but frequently included substantial weight loss, syncope, collapse, or sudden death. fever was an infrequently detected abnormality. cardiac disease was diagnosed following an illness of short duration in most dogs, but a protracted illness of at least 6 months' duration was reported for fou ...	1999	10523564
changing epidemiology of infections in patients with neutropenia and cancer: emphasis on gram-positive and resistant bacteria.	over the past 3 decades, considerable changes have occurred in the types of bacteria causing infection in febrile patients with neutropenia and cancer. twenty years ago, gram-negative bacteria caused approximately 70% of bloodstream infections. as a probable consequence of long-dwelling intravascular devices, fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, and high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis, there has been a shift toward gram-positive coccal bacteremia. in most centers today, approximately 70% of bactere ...	1999	10530434
1st international conference on bartonella as emerging pathogens. tubingen, germany, march 5-7, 1999. abstracts.		1999	10532824
unusual eruption as a presenting symptom of cat scratch disease.	cat scratch disease (csd) is a common infectious cause of subacute regional lymphadenopathy. bartonella henselae is the principal etiologic agent. about 10% of csd patients experience atypical manifestations, including rashes. the most common cutaneous manifestation of csd is a papule at the inoculation site. we report a case of csd presenting with an eruption on the upper trunk, reminiscent of sweet's syndrome, accompanied by lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and fever. response to systemic corticos ...	1999	10534662
[two cases of suspected bartonella henselae infection from a dog].	a 55-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever and left submaxillary, right axillary, and left inguinal lymphadenopathy. a presumptive diagnosis of rickettsiosis was made and treatment with oral doxycycline was started. lymphadenopathy was partialy resolved after antibiotics treatment. ablation of the left inguinal node was done and histopathological examination showed non-hodgkin's lymphoma. lymphadenopathy was resolved by chemotherapy. the second patient, a 40-year-old male, ...	1999	10535269
ocular manifestations of cat-scratch disease.	bartonella henselae has only recently been isolated, characterized, and found to be the principal cause of cat-scratch disease (csd). the availability of specific serologic investigations has allowed the recognition of a spectrum of ocular csd syndromes that previously were ill defined and considered idiopathic. the primary inoculation complex causing regional lymphadenopathy is represented in the eye by parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome; b. henselae is the most common cause. leber's neuroretin ...	1999	10537781
demonstration of bartonella grahamii dna in ocular fluids of a patient with neuroretinitis.	we describe the clinical and laboratory features of a 55-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative female patient who presented with bilateral intraocular inflammatory disease (neuroretinitis type) and behavioral changes caused by a bartonella grahamii infection. diagnosis was based on the pcr analysis of dna extracted from the intraocular fluids. dna analysis of the pcr product revealed a 100% identity with the 16s rrna gene sequence of b. grahamii. the patient was successfully treated wit ...	1999	10565926
identification of bartonella species directly in clinical specimens by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 16s rrna gene fragment.	it is now established that two species of bartonella, namely, bartonella henselae and b. quintana, cause bacillary angiomatosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. in addition, b. henselae causes cat scratch disease and b. quintana, b. henselae, and b. elizabethae can cause bacteremia and endocarditis in immunocompetent persons. we have developed a pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based assay for direct detection and identification to species level of bartonella in cli ...	1999	10565929
[hepatic and splenic micro-abscess in cat scratch disease. report of a case].	cat-scratch disease (csd) is an infection caused by a gram-negative bacillus known as bartonella henselae. hepatosplenic disease occurs in only 0.3-0.7% of patients. in this report we describe a 7-year-old male presented with a 4-week history of fever, after diagnosis of csd with regional lymphoadenitis. ultrasonography and tomography identified hepatic and splenic abscesses. antibiotic treatment for three months was associated with resolution of lesions. in patients affected by csd, ultrasonogr ...	1999	10570789
serological evidence of bartonella spp. infection in the uk.	we reviewed serological and epidemiological data relating to 1000 consecutive patients from whom specimens were submitted for estimation of bartonella antibodies, using mrl diagnostics bartonella ifa igm and igg kits. using 289 control sera, we estimated the specificity of the kits as > or = 99.0%. evidence of bartonella infection was found in 16.3% of patients examined. rates varied by patient group: 20% of patients for whom a diagnosis of cat scratch disease (csd) was considered probable had e ...	1999	10579442
a case of cat scratch disease masquerading as lymphogranuloma venereum.		1999	10582643
immune response of neonatal specific pathogen-free cats to experimental infection with bartonella henselae.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether neonatal cats develop and maintain a persistent bacteremia for longer than do adult cats with a normal mature immune system, and whether neonatal cats are susceptible to infection with bartonella henselae by oral inoculation. neonatal specific pathogen-free (spf) cats were inoculated with b. henselae intradermally (n = 4) or orally (n = 5) or with 0.9% nacl (n = 2). blood was collected periodically through 16 weeks post-inoculation (pi) for sero ...	1999	10587303
live bartonella henselae enhances endothelial cell proliferation without direct contact.	the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) cocultivated with live b. henselae was enhanced in a bacterial dose-dependent manner, and the stimulatory effect was specific to vascular endothelial cells. the inactivation of b. henselae by uv or heat treatment abolished its stimulatory activity, suggesting that live bacteria is necessary for the growth stimulation effect. to investigate the role of direct contact, live b. henselae were separated from huvecs by a filter membr ...	1999	10588914
the body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases.	the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus, is a strict human parasite, living and multiplying in clothing. louse infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse. borrelia recurrentis is a spirochete, the agent of relapsing fever, recently cultured on axenic medium. historically, massive outbreaks have occurred in eurasia and africa, but currently the disease is found only in ethiopia and neighboring countries. bartone ...	1999	10589908
diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.		1999	10606459
contact-dependent hemolytic activity distinct from deforming activity of bartonella bacilliformis.	although bartonella bacilliformis causes a severe anemia in humans, this study presents the first report of hemolytic activity by b. bacilliformis. the activity was not apparent in culture supernatants but was reliably detected when b. bacilliformis cells were centrifuged onto erythrocytes prior to incubation. abrogation of hemolytic activity by proteinase k treatment suggested the hemolysin was a bartonella protein. even though hemolysis required relatively long incubation times, de novo protei ...	2000	10612742
bartonella infection: a significant cause of native valve endocarditis necessitating surgical management.		2000	10612779
bartonella infection in animals: carriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential for human infection.	recent observations have begun to support a role for bartonella spp. as animal as well as human pathogens. bartonella spp. are vector-transmitted, blood-borne, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that can induce prolonged infection in the host. persistent infections in domestic and wild animals result in a substantial reservoir of bartonella organisms in nature that can serve as a source for inadvertent human infection. the prevalence of bacteremia can range from 50 to 95% in selected rodent, ...	2000	10885985
cyclic cd8+ lymphopenia in dogs experimentally infected with bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii.	until recently, it was presumed that bartonella vinsonii only infected voles, a species of north american rodents. in april of 1993, however, our laboratory isolated a novel subspecies of b. vinsonii (b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii) from the blood of a dog diagnosed with vegetative valvular endocarditis. subsequently, based on a seroepidemiologic survey of dogs from north carolina and virginia presenting for a variety of medical problems, we found evidence supporting a potentially important assoc ...	2000	10889298
isolation, sequencing and expression of bartonella henselae omp43 and predicted membrane topology of the deduced protein.	the infection of and interaction of human endothelial cells with bartonella henselae is one of the most interesting aspects of bartonella -associated disease. the gene encoding the 43 kda b. henselae outer membrane protein (omp43) that binds endothelial cells was cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1206 nucleotides coding for a protein of 402 amino acids. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence shows 38% identity over the entire sequence to the brucella ...	2000	10906262
seroprevalence of bartonella henselae and toxoplasma gondii among healthy individuals in thailand.	the seroprevalence of bartonella henselae and toxoplasma gondii among apparently healthy individuals, mainly blood donors, in thailand was investigated by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique and by a latex agglutination test, respectively. of 163 serum samples examined, 9 (5.5%) were found to be positive for b. henselae-igg, 2 (1.2%) for b. henselae-igm, and 5 (3.1%) for the t. gondii antibody. no significant difference was observed between male and female samples in the serological test ...	2000	10907691
bartonella quintana and urban trench fever.	contemporary bartonella quintana infections have emerged in diverse regions of the world, predominantly involving socially disadvantaged persons. available data suggest that the human body louse pediculus humanus is the vector for transmission of b. quintana. descriptions of the clinical manifestations associated with contemporary b. quintana infections have varied considerably and include asymptomatic infection, a relapsing febrile illness, headache, leg pain, "culture-negative" endocarditis, a ...	2000	10913410
hemin-dependent growth and hemin binding of bartonella henselae.	bartonella henselae causes cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis peliosis. the bacteria reside in erythrocytes of asymptomatic cats, which represent the natural reservoir for this pathogen. b. henselae is usually grown on blood-enriched media. growth experiments on brucella medium without blood demonstrated that heme compounds are essential for the growth of b. henselae and can completely substitute the addition of blood components. the heme precursor protoporphyrin ix alone, or in comb ...	2000	10913865
infectious exanthems and unusual infections.	invasive disease due to group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gabhs) can be divided into 3 categories of disease: streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (streptss), necrotizing fasciitis, and other invasive gabhs disease. patients with streptss may have multiorgan failure within hours of presentation. clindamycin and penicillin g should be used in combination for treatment of invasive gabhs disease. the mortality rate for menstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome has decreased with early recognit ...	2000	10916128
[a "diagnosis of goldsmith"].		2000	10916845
are bartonella emerging and re-emerging pathogens in southern africa?		2000	10918880
characterization of bartonella clarridgeiae flagellin (flaa) and detection of antiflagellin antibodies in patients with lymphadenopathy.	cat scratch disease (csd) is a frequent clinical outcome of bartonella henselae infection in humans. recently, two case reports indicated bartonella clarridgeiae as an additional causative agent of csd. both pathogens have been isolated from domestic cats, which are considered to be their natural reservoir. b. clarridgeiae and b. henselae can be distinguished phenotypically by the presence or absence of flagella, respectively. separation of the protein content of purified flagella of b. clarridg ...	2000	10921956
differentiation of pathogenic bartonella species by infrequent restriction site pcr.	infrequent restriction site pcr (irs-pcr) is a recently described dna fingerprinting technique based on selective amplification of restriction endonuclease-cleaved fragments. bartonella isolates associated with human disease and related nonhuman isolates were analyzed by irs-pcr genomic fingerprinting. preparation of dna templates began with double digestion using three different restriction endonuclease combinations. combinations included the frequently cutting endonuclease hhai in conjunction ...	2000	10921969
neuroretinitis associated with cat scratch disease in a child.		2000	10933777
[update in infectious diseases. part i: epidemiology].	a number of infectious agents has been newly detected in the last 10 years. climatic changes and migration have been the most important factors in the emergence of new and old infections. additionally, new methods for the detection of dna and rna have played an important role in the detection of agents difficult to culture. relevant new bacterial pathogens are bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis), tropheryma whippeli (whipple's disease) and new rickettsiae. newly det ...	2000	10935415
rnase iii processing of intervening sequences found in helix 9 of 23s rrna in the alpha subclass of proteobacteria.	we provide experimental evidence for rnase iii-dependent processing in helix 9 of the 23s rrna as a general feature of many species in the alpha subclass of proteobacteria (alpha-proteobacteria). we investigated 12 rhodobacter, rhizobium, sinorhizobium, rhodopseudomonas, and bartonella strains. the processed region is characterized by the presence of intervening sequences (ivss). the 23s rdna sequences between positions 109 and 205 (escherichia coli numbering) were determined, and potential seco ...	2000	10940010
bartonella spp. isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in north america.	bartonella species were isolated from 49% of 128 cattle from california and oklahoma, 90% of 42 mule deer from california, and 15% of 100 elk from california and oregon. isolates from all 63 cattle, 14 deer, and 1 elk had the same polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. our findings indicate potential for inter- and intraspecies transmission among ruminants, as well as risk that these bartonella spp. could act as zoonotic agents.	2000	10827123
polymerase chain reaction detection of bartonella henselae bacteraemia in an immunocompetent child with cat-scratch disease.	a case of bartonella henselae bacteraemia is reported in an immunocompetent 8-year-old boy with cat-scratch disease. serology to b. henselae, diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction, was positive. dna was extracted from peripheral whole blood and amplified with specific primers targeting the htra gene of b. henselae. a non-isotopic hybridization assay with a species-specific oligonucleotide probe was used to detect the amplified product. conclusion: the polymerase chain reaction can be used for t ...	2000	10834521
isolation in endothelial cell cultures of chlamydia trachomatis lgv (serovar l2) from a lymph node of a patient with suspected cat scratch disease.	an inguinal lymph node, removed from a 21-year-old romanian man suspected of having cat scratch disease, was sent to our laboratory for bartonella culture. lymph node specimens were inoculated on blood-enriched agar and in an endothelial cell culture system using the centrifugation shell vial technique. bacteria were grown in cell monolayers and detected as positive with an anti-bartonella henselae rabbit serum. however, such bacteria were identified as chlamydia trachomatis biovar lgv serovar l ...	2000	10834954
[clinical evaluation of commercial serological test for bartonella infection].	we evaluated the usefulness of a serological diagnostic kit (bartonella ifa igg, igm; mrl diagnostics) for bartonella henselae infection. of the 110 healthy individuals, 107 (97.3%) were with titers being less than 1:64 for igg antibody to b. henselae, 2 were with titers being 1:64 and 1 with 1:128, igm antibody to b. henselae was negative in all individuals. serological diagnosis of cat scratch disease (csd) using indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) methods (in-house and diagnostic kit) was ma ...	2000	10835846
endotoxin and nanobacteria in polycystic kidney disease.	microbes have been suspected as provocateurs of polycystic kidney disease (pkd), but attempts to isolate viable organisms have failed. bacterial endotoxin is the most often reported microbial product found in pkd fluids. we assessed potential microbial origins of endotoxin in cyst fluids from 13 pkd patients and urines of pkd and control individuals.	2000	10844606
sonicated diagnostic immunoblot for bartonellosis.	two simple bartonella bacilliformis immunoblot preparation methods were developed. antigen was prepared by two different methods: sonication of whole organisms or glycine extraction. both methods were then tested for sensitivity and specificity. well-defined control sera were utilized in the development of these diagnostic immunoblots, and possible cross-reactions were thoroughly examined. sera investigated for cross-reaction with these diagnostic antigens were drawn from patients with brucellos ...	2000	10618267
species-specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of bartonella quintana.	seven species-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to bartonella quintana were produced and characterized. the mabs were of the immunoglobulin g class and reacted only with 13 b. quintana strains in indirect microimmunofluorescence and western immunoblotting assays. they did not react with eight other bartonella spp., including bartonella henselae, the most closely related species, and a selected mab did also not react with nine other strains of gram-negative bacteria. the mabs reacted mainly w ...	2000	10618271
detection of selected fastidious bacteria.	the intent of this article is to describe the optimal methods for culture recovery of 7 fastidious bacteria: legionella species, brucella species, francisella tularensis, leptospira species, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella species, and bordetella species. these organisms share much in common beyond the fact that their genus names all end in the letter "a." culture recovery of these organisms, even from adequate clinical specimens, is logistically demanding, often costly, and lacking in both tim ...	2000	10619747
cloning, sequencing, and expression of three bartonella henselae genes homologous to the agrobacterium tumefaciens virb region.	a 17-kda, immunodominant antigen of bartonella henselae houston-1 has previously been cloned, sequenced, and characterized. this clone (h13) contains the 17-kda antigen gene plus a partial open reading frame, designated orf1, which is 459 nucleotides long and is directly upstream of the 17-kda gene. comparison of the deduced partial amino acid sequence of orf1 with that of other known genes in genbank revealed significant identity with several other bacterial virulence genes, including virb4 of ...	2000	10749166
identification of escherichia coli k1 genes contributing to human brain microvascular endothelial cell invasion by differential fluorescence induction.	most cases of escherichia coli k1 meningitis arise as a result of haematogenous spread, however there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms by which circulating e. coli k1 cross the blood-brain barrier. we have previously shown that environmental growth conditions both positively and negatively influence the capabilities of e. coli k1 to invade brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec), for example growth in media supplemented with 50% newborn bovine serum (nbs) increased bmec invasion ...	2000	10760174
prevalence of bartonella henselae, bartonella clarridgeiae and the 16s rrna gene types of bartonella henselae among pet cats in japan.	the authors investigated bacteriologically the prevalence of bartonella infection among 690 pet cats derived from 10 private animal hospitals in six cities (sapporo, hokkaido prefecture; sendai, miyagi prefecture; joetsu, niigata prefecture; fujisawa, kanagawa prefecutre; kyoto, kyoto prefecture; sanda, hyogo prefecutre) and 4 counties (mishima, osaka prefecture; hikawa, shimane prefecture; aira, kagoshima prefecture; shimajiri, okinawa prefecture) located from the north to the south of japan. b ...	2000	10770599
in vitro activities of telithromycin (hmr 3647) against rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia conorii, rickettsia africae, rickettsia typhi, rickettsia prowazekii, coxiella burnetii, bartonella henselae, bartonella quintana, bartonella bacilliformis, and ehrlichia chaffeensis.	in vitro activities of telithromycin compared to those of erythromycin against rickettsia spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and ehrlichia chaffeensis were determined. telithromycin was more active than erythromycin against rickettsia, bartonella, and coxiella burnetii, with mics of 0.5 microg/ml, 0.003 to 0.015 microg/ml, and 1 microg/ml, respectively, but was inactive against ehrlichia chaffeensis.	2000	10770788
clinical disease in kittens inoculated with a pathogenic strain of bartonella henselae.	to evaluate disease in kittens inoculated with bartonella henselae strain lsu16.	2000	10772100
visceral manifestation of cat scratch disease in children. a consequence of altered immunological state?	a 12-year-old girl with a 2-month history of fever and abdominal pain was admitted to our hospital. ultrasound and ct scans of the abdomen showed multiple hypoechoic lesions of liver and spleen. screening for zoonosis revealed high positive titers to bartonella henselae. t-cell deficiency was demonstrated and remained almost unchanged during a follow-up of 11 months. a review of the literature shows that disseminated visceral affection is a rare presentation of cat scratch disease (csd) in child ...	2000	10782400
rapid identification and differentiation of bartonella species using a single-step pcr assay.	five species of bartonella have been reported to infect humans and cause a variety of diseases that can be difficult to diagnose. four species of bartonella have been reported to infect cats and dogs, and two of these species are considered to be zoonotic pathogens. diagnosis of bartonella infections is hampered by the slow, fastidious growth characteristics of bartonella species. we report on the development of a single-step pcr-based assay for the detection and differentiation of medically rel ...	2000	10790087
bartonella henselae infection as a cause of fever of unknown origin.	fourteen of 41 patients (34%) with a serological diagnosis of bartonella henselae infection were found to have prolonged fever or fever of unknown origin, suggesting that generalized systemic b. henselae infection is not rare in immunocompetent healthy individuals.	2000	10790137
subtyping of uncultured bartonellae using sequence comparison of 16 s/23 s rrna intergenic spacer regions amplified directly from infected blood.	this study aimed to assess the usefulness of a pcr-based approach to the detection and differentiation of bartonella strains in infected blood. the conservation of potential genus-specific pcr primer hybridisation sites within the 16 s/23 s rrna gene intragenic spacer regions of bartonella species was confirmed following sequence analysis of the intragenic spacer regions of four previously untested species. the extent of intra-species variation within the specific amplicons was assessed by compa ...	2000	10799268
bartonella interactions with host cells.		2000	10804853
cat scratch disease: posterior segment manifestations.		2000	10811065
prevalence of serologic evidence of cat scratch disease in patients with neuroretinitis.	to determine the prevalence of bartonella henselae seropositivity in patients with a clinical diagnosis of neuroretinitis.	2000	10811077
granulomatous disease associated with bartonella infection in 2 dogs.	shortly after removal of an engorged tick from the left ear, a 4-year-old greyhound was referred for evaluation of fever and a rapidly enlarging mass in the region of the left submandibular lymph node. histopathologic evaluation of the lymph node resulted in a diagnosis of severe granulomatous lymphadenitis. an 11-year-old mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of a 6-week history of serous nasal discharge. histologic examination of a surgical biopsy from a nasal mass indicated multifocal g ...	2000	10668815
prevalence of bartonella henselae antibody in florida panthers.	serum samples from 28 free-ranging florida panthers (puma concolor coryi) and seven mountain lions from texas (p. concolor stanleyana) living in south florida (usa) between 1997 to 1998 were tested for antibodies to bartonella henselae. twenty percent (7/35) of the samples were reactive to b. henselae antisera with a subspecies prevalence of 18% (5/ 28) for florida panthers and 28% (2/7) for cougars from texas (usa). there was not a significant sex related difference in infection rates among the ...	2000	10682759
peliosis hepatis in a dog infected with bartonella henselae.	a 6-year-old spayed female golden retriever was examined because of generalized weakness and abdominal distention. abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large quantity of peritoneal fluid. in addition, the liver appeared larger than normal and contained multiple, small, nodular masses and cyst-like structures. abdominal exploratory surgery was performed, and 5 l of serosanguineous peritoneal fluid was removed. gross lesions were not found in the stomach, kidneys, intestines, adrenal glands, or ur ...	2000	10687006
metal requirements of a diadenosine pyrophosphatase from bartonella bacilliformis: magnetic resonance and kinetic studies of the role of mn2+.	recombinant iala protein from bartonella bacilliformis is a monomeric adenosine 5'-tetraphospho-5'-adenosine (ap4a) pyrophosphatase of 170 amino acids that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ap4a, ap5a, and ap6a by attack at the delta-phosphorus, with the departure of atp as the leaving group [cartwright et al. (1999) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 256, 474-479]. when various divalent cations were tested over a 300-fold concentration range, mg2+, mn2+, and zn2+ ions were found to activate the enzyme, w ...	2000	10694402
conservation of the 17-kilodalton antigen gene within the genus bartonella.	the 17-kda antigen of bartonella henselae has previously been shown to elicit a strong humoral immune response in patients with cat scratch disease (csd) and to be useful in screening human serum samples for csd. in this study, pcr amplification of genes homologous to the 17-kda antigen gene of b. henselae was performed using genomic dnas from several species of bartonella, including the currently recognized human pathogens. amplicons of similar size were demonstrated using the following chromos ...	2000	10702501
in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia and bartonella spp. to 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin as determined by immunofluorescent antibody analysis of infected vero cell monolayers.	the in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia akari, rickettsia conorii, rickettsia prowazekii, rickettsia rickettsii, bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana to different concentrations of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin (the primary metabolite of clarithromycin) and tetracycline in vero cell cultures, were determined by enumeration of immunofluorescently-stained bacilli. the extent of antibiotic-induced inhibition of foci was recorded for each dilution of an ...	2000	10702548
are bartonella emerging and re-emerging pathogens in southern africa?		2000	10721382
parapharyngeal abscess due to cat-scratch disease.	the spectrum of illness attributed to cat-scratch disease (csd) continues to expand. although a common cause of cervical adenitis in children, csd has not been associated as a cause of deep fascial space infections of the head and neck. we describe a child with extensive parapharyngeal adenitis and abscesses due to csd confirmed by histological and serological evaluations.	2000	10722453
patterns of infection of haemoparasites in the fat sand rat, psammomys obesus, in tunisia, and effect on the host.	two bacterial and one protozoan blood parasite, belonging to the genera bartonella, borrelia and babesia, were studied in a tunisian population of psammomys obesus. seasonal changes in the abundance of the parasites and host were monitored in a longitudinal field survey lasting 17 months. blood samples collected during eight rodent-trapping sessions, between september 1995 and january 1997, were examined microscopically. bartonella sp. showed a seasonal pattern, with most transmission occurring ...	2000	10723524
bartonellosis. new and old.	the number of species that comprise the family of bartonellaceae, genus bartonella, has recently increased from one to 11 species, five of which have been associated with different diseases and syndromes in humans. the rapidly growing number of human pathogens has led several investigators to regard bartonellosis and other associated syndromes as important emerging infectious diseases. this article presents the history and epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of bartonellosi ...	2000	10738670
a bacteriophage-like particle from bartonella bacilliformis.	bartonella bacilliformis and bartonella henselae, the respective agents of oroya fever and cat-scratch disease in humans, are known to produce bacteriophage-like particles (blps) that package 14 kbp segments of the host chromosome. data from this study suggest that other bartonella species including bartonella quintana, bartonella doshiae and bartonella grahamii also contain similar blps, as evidenced by the presence of a 14 kbp extrachromosomal dna element in their genomes, whereas bartonella e ...	2000	10746763
bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii as an agent of afebrile blood culture-negative endocarditis in a human.	we report a case of endocarditis in a human infected with bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, which causes bacteremia and endocarditis in dogs. bacterial identification was established by pcr amplification and sequencing of an intergenic spacer region (its1), 16s ribosomal dna, and a gene encoding citrate synthase (glta). bartonella antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence.	2000	10747175
molecular cloning, sequencing, expression, and characterization of an immunogenic 43-kilodalton lipoprotein of bartonella bacilliformis that has homology to nlpd/lppb.	a recombinant clone expressing an immunoreactive antigen of bartonella bacilliformis was isolated by screening a genomic dna library with serum from a patient with the chronic verruga phase of bartonellosis. the clone, pbipim-17, contained a partial open reading frame that expressed an immunoreactive fusion protein. subsequent rescreening of the library by plaque hybridization resulted in the isolation of recombinant clones that contain the entire open reading frame. the open reading frame (orf- ...	2000	10948113