Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide o-antigen of aeromonas salmonicida strain 80204-1 produced under in vitro and in vivo growth conditions. | aeromonas salmonicida is a pathogenic aquatic bacterium and the causal agent of furunculosis in salmon. in the course of this study, it was found that when grown in vitro on tryptic soy agar, a. salmonicida strain 80204-1 produced a capsular polysaccharide with the identical structure to that of the lipopolysaccharide o-chain polysaccharide. a combination of 1d and 2d nmr methods, including a series of 1d analogues of 3d experiments, together with capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ms (ce-es ... | 2004 | 15560791 |
| effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. there was no trout mortality for any of the expe ... | 2004 | 15588644 |
| genetic diversity among a-proteins of atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida. | the virulence array protein gene a (vapa) encoding the a-protein subunit of the surface layer of 23 typical and atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida from salmonids and marine fish species were sequenced, and the deduced a-protein sequences compared. the a-proteins of the typical a. salmonicida ssp. salmonicida strains were shown to be identical, while amino acid variability was revealed among a-proteins of atypical strains. the highest amino acid variability appears to be in a predicted sur ... | 2004 | 15609880 |
| oral immunization of carassius auratus with modified recombinant a-layer proteins entrapped in alginate beads. | this study was focused on the utilization of a recombinant expression system to produce a unique modified subunit vaccine possessing a self-contained delivery system which could potentially improve the uptake and delivery of vaccine products as well their immunogenic potential. for this purpose the a-layer protein (at-r) associated with the fish pathogen atypical aeromonas salmonicida was cloned and modified by the genetic fusion of the protein transduction domain (mts) derived from kaposi fibro ... | 2004 | 15530693 |
| characterization of the o-4 phosphorylated and o-5 substituted kdo reducing end group and sequencing of the core oligosaccharide of aeromonas salmonicida ssp salmonicida lipopolysaccharide using tandem mass spectrometry. | the molecular structure of the wild strain of the lipopolysaccharide core of aeromonas salmonicida, ssp salmonicida has been sequenced using tandem mass spectrometry. the core oligosaccharide was determined to contain an o-4 phosphorylated and o-5 substituted kdo reducing group, and its structure is proposed as the follows: [structure: see text] after the core oligosaccharide of lps was released from the lipid a portion by conventional treatment with 1% acetic acid, we demonstrated the existence ... | 2004 | 15531806 |
| anticoagulation treatment after open heart surgery for acquired heart disease. | 2004 | 535340 | |
| children with learning problems: a developmental view for parents. | 2004 | 521677 | |
| homogeneous immunoglobulins in the serum of irradiated and bone marrow reconstituted mice: the role of thymus and spleen. | the influence of thymectomy and splenectomy on the frequency and class distribution of homogeneous immunoglobulins (h-ig) in serum was studied in lethally irradiated (dba/2 x c57bl/rij)f1 mice reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow. during four follow-up periods in the first 9 months after transplantation, the sham-operated controls and splenectomized animals developed transient h-ig in an average frequency of 14.2 and 15.7% respectively. there were no marked differences in the incidence of h- ... | 2004 | 387578 |
| [surgical sciatica. study of 251 cases undergoing a single operation (author's transl)]. | 2005 | 544204 | |
| estimating trauma centre workload. | 2005 | 1282567 | |
| nurse prescribing: how and when. | legislation for nurse prescribing now seems destined to be implemented in october 1993, writes judith moreton who is on the nurse prescribers formulary subcommittee. a private members bill from chislehurst mp roger sims, received its second reading on the 31 january. it has full government support and should become law in this session of parliament. | 2005 | 1559831 |
| bass hepcidin synthesis, solution structure, antimicrobial activities and synergism, and in vivo hepatic response to bacterial infections. | bass hepcidin was purified from the gill of hybrid striped bass (morone chrysops x morone saxatilis) based on antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli. this 21-amino acid peptide has 8 cysteines engaged in 4 disulfide bonds and is very similar to human hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide with iron regulatory properties. to gain insight into potential role(s) of bass hepcidin in innate immunity in fish, we synthesized the peptide, characterized its antimicrobial activities in vitro, determi ... | 2005 | 15546886 |
| antibacterial and antifungal lysozyme-type activity in cameraria ohridella pupae. | lysozyme-type antibacterial and antifungal activity in pupae of cameraria ohridella was studied. activity against micrococcus luteus and bacillus megaterium was detected in pupae extract. also antifungal activity from c. ohridella pupae extract directed against saccharomyces cerevisiae strain w 303 was shown. during immunoblotting two bands in pupae extract, with molecular mass of about 15 and 28 kda were recognized by antibodies directed against hewl. after acid electrophoresis followed by bioa ... | 2005 | 16169556 |
| characterisation of atypical aeromonas salmonicida infection in arctic charr salvelinus alpinus and european grayling thymallus thymallus. | cultured stocks of arctic charr salvelinus alpinus and european grayling thymallus thymallus are vulnerable to infection by achromogenic atypical aeromonas salmonicida (aas). in finland, natural stocks of both fish species have to be supported by restocking, and aas infection poses a threat to successful restocking because no preventive means are available. in this study, we analysed aas isolates from arctic charr and european grayling and from other sources genetically, and characterised the si ... | 2005 | 16231637 |
| characterization of pras1-like plasmids from atypical north american psychrophilic aeromonas salmonicida. | atypical psychrophilic aeromonas salmonicida isolates were obtained from farmed and wild fish in northeastern north america. these bacteria were isolated between 1992 and 2001 and carried tetracycline resistance (tc(r)) plasmids of approximately 58 kb. the nine isolates had plasmids which could be divided into four groups based on the specific tetracycline resistance (tet) gene carried [tet(a) or tet(b)], incompatibility of the plasmid [incu or other], whether the plasmid carried the is6100 sequ ... | 2005 | 15621420 |
| quorum sensing signal molecules (acylated homoserine lactones) in gram-negative fish pathogenic bacteria. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the production of quorum sensing signals (specifically acylated homoserine lactones, ahls) among a selection of strains of gram-negative fish bacterial pathogens. these signals are involved in the regulation of virulence factors in some human and plant-pathogenic bacteria. a total of 59 strains, representing 9 different fish pathogenic species, were tested against 2 ahl monitor bacteria (agrobacterium tumefaciens nt1 [pzlr4] and chromobacterium vio ... | 2005 | 16042042 |
| metabolic changes in atlantic salmon exposed to aeromonas salmonicida detected by 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of plasma. | 1h-nmr (nuclear magnetic resonance)-based chemometric methods have been applied for the first time to investigate changes in the plasma metabolite profiles of atlantic salmon salmo salar as a result of exposure to aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis. plasma samples were obtained from salmon that survived 21 d post exposure to a. salmonicida, and from a control group maintained under similar conditions. 1d 1h-nmr spectr ... | 2005 | 16060263 |
| phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic discrepancies to differentiate aeromonas salmonicida from aeromonas bestiarum. | the taxonomy of the "aeromonas hydrophila" complex (comprising the species a. hydrophila, a. bestiarum, a. salmonicida, and a. popoffii) has been controversial, particularly the relationship between the two relevant fish pathogens a. salmonicida and a. bestiarum. in fact, none of the biochemical tests evaluated in the present study were able to separate these two species. one hundred and sixteen strains belonging to the four species of this complex were identified by 16s rdna restriction fragmen ... | 2005 | 16562378 |
| identification of the major outer membrane proteins of aeromonas salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious infectious disease of salmonids. aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous waterborne bacteria responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases among aquatic organisms and humans. bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) play a significant role in virulence as they comprise the outermost surface in contact with host cells and immune defense factors. to identify the major omps of a. salmo ... | 2005 | 16465831 |
| [health risks associated with the migration of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.): an epidemiological surveillance programme in northern spain]. | the authors present the results of an epidemiological surveillance programme involving atlantic salmon (salmo salar) populations in north-eastern spain. the study investigates the risk factors critical in disease transmission, which include the presence of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, the innate cell-mediated immune response of the salmon, and the potential interactions between the two. also taken into account are the biological and migratory cycles of these salmon populations. the re ... | 2005 | 16642759 |
| identification of genes differentially expressed in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in response to infection by aeromonas salmonicida using cdna microarray technology. | the response of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, to infection by the bacterial pathogen aeromonas salmonicida (the causative agent of furunculosis), was investigated using a cohabitation model and a custom atlantic salmon cdna microarray consisting of over 4000 different amplicons. pooled samples of each of three immune-relevant tissues (spleen, head kidney and liver) were obtained from fish exposed to infected salmon for 13 days. reverse transcription-pcr assays were used to verify the differentia ... | 2005 | 15859237 |
| a c1q-binding 40 kda porin from aeromonas salmonicida: cloning, sequencing, role in serum susceptibility and fish immunoprotection. | a 40 kda c1q-binding outer membrane protein from aeromonas salmonicida was identified by direct-binding assay with biotinylated c1q, a subcomponent of the complement classical pathway component c1. the 40 kda porin structural gene from the a450 a. salmonicida typical strain (a+:o+) was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the amino acid sequence of the 40 kda a. salmonicida porin, its ability to bind c1q in an antibody independent process, and its immunological cross-reaction with the a. hy ... | 2005 | 15885977 |
| evaluation of an experimental aeromonas salmonicida epidemic in chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha (walbaum). | to determine the dynamics of the transmission of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida infection, chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were exposed to bacteria by cohabitation. the latent period (time between exposure and infectivity) was determined by exposing a group of chinook salmonid fingerlings to a. salmonicida by bath, then, at daily intervals, by holding five exposed (donor) fish with approximately 50 naive fish for 24 h. the latent period was 3 days post-infection and the time pe ... | 2005 | 15892751 |
| sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treated municipal sewage effluent for 32 weeks. fish were injected intra-peritoneally either with inactivated ... | 2005 | 15892994 |
| elucidation of the molecular structure of lipid a isolated from both a rough mutant and a wild strain of aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharides using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. | the chemical structure of lipid a, isolated by mild acid hydrolysis from a rough mutant and a wild strain of aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide, was investigated using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (qqtof) hybrid tandem mass spectrometry and showed a great degree of microheterogeneity. the chemical structure of the main constituent of this heterogeneous mixture was identified as a beta-d-(1 --> 6) linked d-glucosamine disaccharide substituted by two phosphate groups, on ... | 2005 | 15912470 |
| attenuated virulence of an aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type iii secretion mutant in a rainbow trout model. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a severe systemic disease affecting salmonid fish. this bacterium contains a type iii protein secretion system that is responsible for the secretion and translocation of the adp-ribosylating toxin, aext, into the cytosol of fish cells. this study showed that inactivation of the type iii secretion system by marker-replacement mutagenesis of the gene ascv, which encodes an inner-membrane component of the type iii secr ... | 2005 | 15942017 |
| bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. | during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ... | 2005 | 15962470 |
| standardization of a broth microdilution susceptibility testing method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations of aquatic bacteria. | a multiple laboratory study was conducted in accordance with the standards established by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi), formerly the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls), for the development of quality control (qc) ranges using dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for bacterial isolates from aquatic animal species. qc ranges were established for escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 w ... | 2005 | 15997819 |
| aroclor 1254 exposure reduces disease resistance and innate immune responses in fasted arctic charr. | to examine the immunological impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in an environmentally relevant way, we orally contaminated arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) with aroclor 1254. after contamination, fish were either fed (0 and 100 mg aroclor 1254 kg(-1) fish wt) or fasted (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg(-1)) to mimic cycles of feeding-fasting experienced by arctic animals. after four months, pcb concentrations in muscle were the same in fasted and fed fish; however, pcbs in kidneys of fed fish w ... | 2005 | 15683174 |
| expressed sequence tags analysis of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) liver, kidney and spleen tissues following vaccination against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida. | to investigate the response of atlantic halibut to vaccination and pathogen exposure, a cdna library was constructed from liver, kidney and spleen mrna collected following vaccination against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida. after sequencing 1114 clones 1072 (96.23%) readable sequences were obtained of which 106 sequences are the first reported from the fish. of these, 182 clones (16.98%) contained cell/organism defence genes including immunoglobulin light chain, mhc class i and ii, ... | 2005 | 15683917 |
| structural and serological characterization of the o-chain polysaccharide of aeromonas salmonicida strains a449, 80204 and 80204-1. | the o-chain polysaccharide (o-ps) of aeromonas salmonicida was studied by a combination of compositional, methylation, ce-esms and one- and two-dimensional nmr analyses. it was found to be a branched polymer of trisaccharide-repeating units composed of l-rhamnose (rha), d-glucose (glc), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-mannose (mannac) and o-acetyl group (oac) and having the following structure: ce-esms analysis of a. salmonicida cells from strains a449, 80204 and 80204-1 grown under different conditions c ... | 2005 | 15721342 |
| efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.): evaluation of immersion, oral and injection delivery. | the commercial furunculosis vaccine aquavac furovac 5 and an autogenous vaccine, based on the challenge strain, induced immune protection in turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.), as shown in challenge tests 120 days post-immunization by injection (relative percentage of survival, rps = 72-99%). this protective effect lasted for at least 6 months post-immunization at appreciable levels (rps = 50-52%). neither the autogenous vaccine nor the commercial vaccine was able to induce significant levels of ... | 2005 | 15752277 |
| experimental infection of turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.), by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and evaluation of cross protection induced by a furunculosis vaccine. | turbot was shown to be sensitive to injection challenges by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes (asa). a systemic disease was induced and the bacterium was isolated from various internal organs. histopathological changes involved haemorrhages, necrosis and degeneration in skin and muscle, haemorrhages and necrosis in kidney, degeneration in the heart muscle, and fusion of the secondary gill lamellae. a polyvalent commercial salmon vaccine, containing a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida as on ... | 2005 | 15752279 |
| adhesion and ingestion activities of fish phagocytes induced by bacterium aeromonas salmonicida can be distinguished and directly measured from highly diluted whole blood of fish. | the phagocytes of fish play an important role in innate host defense against bacterial infection, and participate in various immunoregulatory processes. here, we investigated the effects of various opsonins in the ingestion and adhesion processes by examining respiratory burst (rb) activity in blood and head kidney (hk) fish phagocytes. rb activity was induced in rainbow trout phagocytes with the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida (strain mt004) in the presence of various opsonins [purified antibod ... | 2005 | 15752549 |
| biological effect of vaccination can be assessed directly from diluted whole blood of rainbow trout using homologous blood phagocytes as immunosensors. | a rapid and simple method is presented for determining antibody activity following vaccination, directly from diluted fish blood. the proposed method evaluates the effects of specific antibodies on ingestion by blood phagocytes, and may be used for measuring antibody levels following vaccination. the enhancing effect of trout igm on ingestion was measured by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (cl) emission of blood phagocytes. respiratory burst (rb) activity of blood phagocytes was induced with ... | 2005 | 15752656 |
| characterization of a type iii secretion substrate specificity switch (t3s4) domain in yscp from yersinia enterocolitica. | the length of the needle ending the yersinia ysc injectisome is determined by yscp, a protein acting as a molecular ruler. in addition, yscp is required for yop secretion. in the present paper, by a systematic deletion analysis, we localized accurately the region required for yop secretion between residues 405 and 500. as this c-terminal region of yscp has also been shown to control needle length it probably represents the substrate specificity switch of the machinery. by a bioinformatics analys ... | 2005 | 15773978 |
| protection against experimental aeromonas salmonicida infection in carp by oral immunisation with bacterial antigen entrapped liposomes. | liposome-entrapped atypical aeromonas salmonicida antigen was prepared to investigate the potential protective efficacy for a. salmonicida infection. carp (cyprinus carpio) were immunised orally with liposome-entrapped a. salmonicida antigen. after immunisation, significantly higher antigen-specific antibodies were detected in serum, intestinal mucus and bile than non-immunised control group. furthermore, immunised carp were challenged by immersion with 1 x 10(6) cfu ml(-1) of a. salmonicida for ... | 2005 | 15519542 |
| [open study of clopirac in the treatment of non articular rheumatism (author's transl)]. | 2005 | 1084347 | |
| [hearing rehabilitation without a prosthesis following otosclerosis]. | 2005 | 1230951 | |
| successful excision of left ventricular aneurysm with concomitant right aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass. | 2005 | 1087628 | |
| [carpal tunnel syndrome]. | 2005 | 1183292 | |
| bond strength of glass-ionomer cement and composite resin combinations. | the tensile bond strength to dentin was measured for three glass-ionomer cement and composite resin combinations: two light-curing glass-ionomer cements (vitrebond and xr-ionomer) and one traditional glass-ionomer cement (ketac-bond), two adhesive systems (scotchbond, and xr-bonding system), and a corresponding composite resin. the bond strength of this "sandwich" was also compared with that of the same cements used in bulk. vitrebond showed a significantly higher bond strength in bulk than did ... | 2005 | 1287716 |
| balloon obdurator can ease introduction of blunt-tip endoscope. | 2005 | 1140541 | |
| proceedings: slow recovery of the inactivation of sodium conductance in myxicola giant axons. | 2005 | 1151857 | |
| [lipid and mineral metabolism and morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in miners]. | examination is performed on 87 miners from mine for copper production subject to intensive local vibrations with average rate of increase (k) of the norms for the individual octave frequencies 2.4 times for 3 h exposure of the working shift, as well as to intensive noise--113-115 db/a equivalent level, general dust--23 mg/m3, fine dust--3.5 mg/m3 and fine quartz--0.43 mg/m3. there are data for vibration effect--changes in the cold test, vibration sensoriness, ultra sound sonometry, in all miners ... | 2005 | 1364539 |
| [ginkgo biloba--analysis and dosage forms]. | 2005 | 1287670 | |
| [massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage of diverticular origin. diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. | 2005 | 1082809 | |
| hepatitis b antigen in a dialysis unit: five years experience. | 2005 | 545706 | |
| rights and birth by artificial insemination. | 2005 | 1196234 | |
| [letter: adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs]. | 2005 | 1183340 | |
| ly phenotype of t-cells releasing t-cell replacing factor. | 2005 | 1087370 | |
| [diagnosis of kartagener's syndrome]. | 2005 | 1081308 | |
| a simple centrifuge column for desalting protein solutions. | 2005 | 543535 | |
| [pelvic fractures in multiply injured patients (author's transl)]. | 2005 | 538868 | |
| [the treatment concept and results of peri-/sub-prosthetic fractures]. | the treatment of choice in ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures in patients with hip prosthesis depends on the location of the fracture lines and the observation of loosening of the prosthesis. either a change of prosthesis, if necessary in combination with refixation of the greater trochanter or simple open reduction with internal fixation (asif) along with autologous and/or homologus spongiosa are the used techniques. the rate of complications in peri- or subprothetic fractures is high. lack of ... | 2006 | 1590026 |
| pay review body: body blow or a minor injury? | 2006 | 1489700 | |
| health checks on patients 75 years and over in nottinghamshire after the new gp contract. | to investigate annual health checks for patients of 75 years and over required by the 1990 contract for general practitioners. | 2006 | 1393076 |
| urinary kallikrein excretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | to investigate the status of urinary kallikrein excretion (uke) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm), we measured uke in 31 niddm patients. they ranged in age from 40 to 70 years (mean, 54.3 +/- 7.8 years), comprising 18 males and 13 females. their creatinine clearance (ccr) was 91.6 +/- 5.5 ml/min, and the daily excretion rate of protein was 1.15 +/- 0.72 g/24 hours. twenty-five normal persons, aged from 37 to 63 years (mean, 51.7 +/- 8.2 years), comprising 14 males ... | 2006 | 1360304 |
| animal rights/liberation philosophy. | 2006 | 1563603 | |
| chemical permeabilization of cells for intracellular product release. | 2006 | 1366880 | |
| evaluation of the child with idiopathic mental retardation. | a review of the advances in diagnostic techniques for evaluation of children with idiopathic mental retardation is presented. the current status of the use of clinical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and neuroimaging in evaluating children with mental retardation is emphasized. special attention is given to the evaluation of children with mental retardation and "autism" or "cerebral palsy." | 2006 | 1635812 |
| glycosidase activities in gingival crevicular fluid in subjects with adult periodontitis or gingivitis. | specific glycosidase activities were determined in samples of gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) collected from eight predetermined sites in two groups, each of 20 adult patients, with either gingivitis or periodontitis. the total activities (as units of enzyme activity per sample) of alpha-l-fucosidase, sialidase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-glucosidase were significantly greater in the periodontitis group. in contrast, the total beta-mannosidase an ... | 2006 | 1610303 |
| role of gastric acid suppression in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. | gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a common condition with a complex pathophysiology. despite the spectrum of abnormalities, gastric acid has a central role in mucosal damage, and the mainstay of medical treatment is suppression of gastric acid secretion. the results of antisecretory treatment as assessed by endoscopic healing are reviewed. h2 receptor antagonists give more rapid symptom relief than placebo and can produce endoscopic improvement in 31-88% of cases depending on the severity of ... | 2006 | 1346769 |
| reform and restructuring in nursing education: a necessity for nursing's future in florida. | 2006 | 1563527 | |
| role of catecholamines in the courtship behavior of male ring doves. | the role of catecholamines in the expression of male courtship behavior in ring doves was examined using central administration of pharmacological agents. males treated with 6-hydroxydopamine or u-14,624, which depleted norepinephrine (ne) levels in the preoptic-hypothalamic area, showed increased levels of bow-coo and nest-coo displays. conversely, males treated with tyramine or desipramine, which elevated ne levels in the preoptic-hypothalamic area, showed decreased levels of bow-coo and nest- ... | 2006 | 1594642 |
| atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida contain multiple copies of insertion element isasa4 useful as a genetic marker and a target for pcr assay. | the species aeromonas salmonicida includes a quite complex group of pathogens that cause a variety of diseases in fishes. best studied strains of this species are those of the subspecies salmonicida also referred to as 'typical' a. salmonicida, which cause furunculosis in salmonids. less completely understood are bacteria assigned to other subspecies, e.g. achromogenes and masoucida, or those that cannot be assigned to a recognized subspecies. these strains are referred to collectively as 'atypi ... | 2006 | 16903232 |
| a comparative study of susceptibility and induced pathology of cod, gadus morhua (l.), and halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), following experimental infection with moritella viscosa. | in this study experimental challenges with moritella viscosa, the causative agent of winter ulcers in salmonids, were performed on juvenile atlantic cod and atlantic halibut. the challenges involved both intramuscular (i.m.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections and bath with a strain originally isolated from atlantic salmon. cod was found to be significantly more sensitive than halibut to the infection. both fish species were found to be more sensitive to i.m. than i.p. challenges. both challen ... | 2006 | 16911535 |
| the contribution of aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products to the induction of inflammation in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) following vaccination with oil-based vaccines. | intraperitoneal injection of atlantic salmon with oil-based vaccines often results in severe side effects. aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida, a primary antigen in the vaccines, produces extracellular products (ecps) that are included in the formulation but the role of ecps in inducing side effects is not well understood. in the present study, we evaluated the contribution of ecps to early inflammatory reactions since early events determine the outcome of inflammation. five groups of a ... | 2006 | 16018934 |
| translocation of viable aeromonas salmonicida across the intestine of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of the destructive disease furunculosis in salmonids. horizontal transmission in salmonids has been suggested to occur via the skin, gills and/or intestine. previous reports are contradictory regarding the role of the intestine as a route of infection. the present study therefore investigates the possibility of bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelia using ussing chamber technology, in vitro. intestinal segments we ... | 2006 | 16677315 |
| genetic diversity among five t4-like bacteriophages. | bacteriophages are an important repository of genetic diversity. as one of the major constituents of terrestrial biomass, they exert profound effects on the earth's ecology and microbial evolution by mediating horizontal gene transfer between bacteria and controlling their growth. only limited genomic sequence data are currently available for phages but even this reveals an overwhelming diversity in their gene sequences and genomes. the contribution of the t4-like phages to this overall phage di ... | 2006 | 16716236 |
| contribution of the type iii secretion system (ttss) to virulence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | the recently described type iii secretion system (ttss) of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has been linked to virulence in salmonids. in this study, three ttss effector genes, aext, aoph or aopo, were inactivated by deletion, as was ascc, the gene encoding the outer-membrane pore of the secretion apparatus. effects on virulence were assayed by live challenge of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the deltaascc mutant strain was avirulent by both intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and immersion ... | 2006 | 16735747 |
| plasticity of the gene functions for dna replication in the t4-like phages. | we have completely sequenced and annotated the genomes of several relatives of the bacteriophage t4, including three coliphages (rb43, rb49 and rb69), three aeromonas salmonicida phages (44rr2.8t, 25 and 31) and one aeromonas hydrophila phage (aeh1). in addition, we have partially sequenced and annotated the t4-like genomes of coliphage rb16 (a close relative of rb43), a. salmonicida phage 65, acinetobacter johnsonii phage 133 and vibrio natriegens phage nt-1. each of these phage genomes exhibit ... | 2006 | 16828113 |
| nano- and microparticles as adjuvants in vaccine design: success and failure is related to host natural antibodies. | bovine serum albumin (bsa) and the surface a-layer protein (ap) of an atypical strain of fish bacterial pathogen aeromonas salmonicida were covalently linked with polymeric nano- and microparticles, and antigenicity of the resulted conjugates was compared in mice and goldfish. distinct albeit different levels of natural bsa and ap antibodies were present in both animal species. significant stimulation of the anti-ap antibody response in mice strikingly contrasted to unresponsiveness or even supp ... | 2006 | 16842893 |
| aopp, a type iii effector protein of aeromonas salmonicida, inhibits the nf-kappab signalling pathway. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida contains a functional type iii secretion system that is responsible for the secretion of the adp-ribosylating toxin aext. in this study, the authors identified aopp as a second effector protein secreted by this system. the aopp gene was detected in both typical and atypical a. salmonicida isolates and was found to be encoded on a small plasmid of approximately 6.4 kb. sequence analysis indicates that aopp is a member of the yopj family of effector protein ... | 2006 | 16946275 |
| immune modulation by probiotic strains: quantification of phagocytosis of aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using a radiolabelling assay. | a method is described for the rapid and sensitive assay of phagocytosis that utilizes radioactively labelled bacteria. with this method, we observed that phagocytosis of heat-inactivated aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout fed with different viable probiotics (lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, lactobacillus sakei, and leuconostoc mesenteroides) was significantly higher (p<0.05) after 2 weeks of probiotic-feeding than the control group. however, only phagocytosi ... | 2006 | 17034857 |
| structural characterization of the lipid a region of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide. | the lipid a components of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida from strains a449, 80204-1 and an in vivo rough isolate were isolated by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide. structural studies carried out by a combination of fatty acid, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses confirmed that the structure of lipid a was conserved among different isolates of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. all analyzed strains contained three major lipid a ... | 2006 | 17049500 |
| viral and bacterial diseases of atlantic cod gadus morhua, their prophylaxis and treatment: a review. | this review summarises the state of knowledge of both viral and bacterial diseases of atlantic cod gadus morhua, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. the most important losses have been at the larval and juvenile stages, and vibriosis has long been the most important bacterial disease in cod, with listonella (vibrio) anguillarum dominant among pathogenic isolates. vaccination of cod against pathogens such as l. anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida clearly demonstrates that the cod im ... | 2006 | 17058605 |
| epidemiologic cutoff values for antimicrobial agents against aeromonas salmonicida isolates determined by frequency distributions of minimal inhibitory concentration and diameter of zone of inhibition data. | to develop epidemiologic cutoff values by use of frequency distributions for susceptibility to 4 antimicrobial agents when tested against a representative population of a major aquaculture pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida. | 2006 | 17078743 |
| the effect of oral immuno-stimulation in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the effect of a 2-week period of oral immuno-stimulation from the age of 2 or 6 weeks post-fertilisation (wpf; before and after reaching the ability to produce antibodies) onwards was investigated on various immune functions of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. the immuno-stimulants aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide, yeast dna (containing unmethylated cpg motifs) or high-m alginate (an extract of algae containing poly-mannuronic acid) were used. the effect of this treatment was studied on ... | 2006 | 16476554 |
| comparative genomics profiling of clinical isolates of aeromonas salmonicida using dna microarrays. | aeromonas salmonicida has been isolated from numerous fish species and shows wide variation in virulence and pathogenicity. as part of a larger research program to identify virulence genes and candidates for vaccine development, a dna microarray was constructed using a subset of 2024 genes from the draft genome sequence of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain a449. the microarray included genes encoding known virulence-associated factors in a. salmonicida and homologs of virulence genes of o ... | 2006 | 16522207 |
| immunostimulation of larvae and juveniles of cod, gadus morhua l. | cod larval culture is currently hampered by high mortalities in the first 2-3 weeks after hatching, often due to infectious diseases. the immune system of cod is not fully competent until 2-3 months after hatching. conventional vaccination is, therefore, not of value before this time, and the larvae are wholly reliant on non-specific parameters for their defence against infection. a range of substances, generally derived from bacterial, fungal or plant origin, can activate these non-specific par ... | 2006 | 16533300 |
| respiratory burst activity of atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) blood phagocytes differs markedly from that of rainbow trout. | in the present study we investigated the respiratory burst (rb) activity of atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) blood phagocytes and we evaluated how the rb activity of cod blood cells differ from that of trout. the rb activities were measured directly from highly diluted whole blood as luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (cl) under various conditions. studies regarding the blood dilutions for cod whole blood chemiluminescence measurements (wbcl) revealed that at a final blood dilution of 1.5 microl ... | 2006 | 16406251 |
| evidence of enhanced bacterial invasion during diplostomum spathaceum infection in european grayling, thymallus thymallus (l.). | farmed grayling, thymallus thymallus (l.), are susceptible to atypical aeromonas salmonicida (aas) infections. interactions between bacteria and parasites were studied using grayling subjected to concomitant exposure to aas bacteria and the digenean parasite diplostomum spathaceum. atypical as was detected from fish by a combination of bacterial cultivation and polymerase chain reaction techniques. a detection level of 17 aas cells per 100 mg intestine tissue sample was obtained. concomitant bac ... | 2006 | 16436118 |
| comparison of antibody responses in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) to aeromonas salmonicida and vibrio anguillarum. | the immune system of atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) differ from other bony fish species in that no or only very low increases in antibody levels are detected post-immunization with vibrio salmonicida or v. anguillarum. here, we report the results from the first study on comparison of antibody responses in cod to aeromonas salmonicida and v. anguillarum. a. salmonicida appear to induce a stronger antibody response in cod compared to v. anguillarum, and more individuals immunized with a. salmonici ... | 2006 | 16616955 |
| expression of and secretion through the aeromonas salmonicida type iii secretion system. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the aetiological agent of furunculosis, a disease of farmed and wild salmonids. the type iii secretion system (ttss) is one of the primary virulence factors in a. salmonicida. using a combination of differential proteomic analysis and reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr, it is shown that a. salmonicida a449 induces the expression of ttss proteins at 28 degrees c, but not at its more natural growth temperature of 17 degrees c. more modest increases in expres ... | 2006 | 16622045 |
| identification and characterization of an aeromonas salmonicida (syn haemophilus piscium) strain that reduces selenite to elemental red selenium. | a bacterium that reduces toxic and mobile selenite to insoluble elemental selenium (se0) was isolated from a laboratory scale permeable reactive biobarrier. biochemical tests and 16s rrna gene sequence alignment identified the isolate as aeromonas salmonicida. two colony types were isolated, one more resistant to selenite than the other. both grew on agar plates containing 16 mm: selenite, although the colony diameter was reduced to 8% of controls with the small colony type and to 18% with the l ... | 2006 | 16550462 |
| innate immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) induced by probiotics. | carnobacterium maltaromaticum b26 and carnobacterium divergens b33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri. thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with b26 or b33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. moreover, both cultures ... | 2006 | 16631379 |
| quantitative expression (walbaum) of immunological factors in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), after infection with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida, or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. | to further enhance our understanding of immunological gene expression in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, after infection with naturally occurring pathogens, a series of probes and primers were developed for the quantification of immune factors. separate groups of specific-pathogen-free rainbow trout were infected with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). three different concentrations of each pathogen were used and sam ... | 2006 | 16635061 |
| identification of a transcript encoding a soluble form of toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) in atlantic salmon during aeromonas salmonicida infection. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are involved in the innate immune response against microbial pathogens in vertebrates and insects. the extracellular region of a tlr recognizes pathogen-associated molecules, while the intracellular region initiates the signaling pathway leading to immune response. membrane-bound tlrs have been found in most vertebrates, but few soluble forms have been reported. a novel transcript corresponding to a portion of a soluble tlr was identified in liver of infected atlantic ... | 2006 | 16112748 |
| plasma proteomic analysis of the acute phase response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to intraperitoneal inflammation and lps injection. | few acute phase proteins are known in fish and better knowledge of them would provide a basis for more reliable methods to objectively assess fish health and welfare. an acute phase response was induced in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) by inflammation triggered by intraperitoneal administration of purified aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant (lps/fia) or a commercial oil-based multivalent vaccine. acute phase proteins were characteri ... | 2006 | 16139357 |
| modulation of juvenile brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) cellular immune system after aeromonas salmonicida challenge. | in fish, the first line of defence against infectious microorganisms is based on non-specific cellular immune mechanisms (innate immunity). in this study, we measured the non-specific immune parameters (natural cytotoxic cells (ncc) activity, lymphoproliferation, percentage of phagocytosis and phagocytic activity) in brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) infected by a virulent strain of aeromonas salmonicida. eight days post-infection, the mortality of infected fish reached 70%. a transient immuno ... | 2006 | 16263179 |
| structural studies of the core region of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida lipopolysaccharide. | the core oligosaccharide structure of the in vivo derived rough phenotype of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was investigated by a combination of compositional, methylation, ce-ms and one- and two-dimensional nmr analyses and established as the following: [carbohydrate: see text] where r=alpha-d-galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-galpnac-(1--> or alpha-d-galp-(1--> (approx. ratio 4:3). comparative ce-ms analysis of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida core oligosaccharides from strains a449, 80204-1 and ... | 2006 | 16297894 |
| transcriptome response following administration of a live bacterial vaccine in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | antibacterial responses have been studied in atlantic salmon following an acute intra peritoneal injection of a genetically attenuated (aroa(-)) strain of aeromonas salmonicida known to elicit protective immunity. three tissues were studied for transcriptional changes, the liver, head kidney and the gill. rna was collected from fish 6, 12, 24 and 48 h following infection or at the same time points from fish injected with pbs as non-infected control. pcr-select cdna subtraction libraries were con ... | 2006 | 16313960 |
| experimental handling stress as infection-facilitating factor for the goldfish ulcerative disease. | experimental handling stress (ehs) was applied to clinically asymptomatic farmed goldfish (carassius auratus l.). ehs affected the gills and skin integrity of the fish and was accompanied by increased levels of plasma glucose, cortisol and interleukin-10 (il-10). ehs application was followed by highly significant enhancement of the rate of infection with a virulent aeromonas salmonicida isolate. cumulative ulceration at the initial phase of the ensuing goldfish ulcerative disease (gud) evidenced ... | 2006 | 16174536 |
| influence of high-m alginate on the growth and survival of atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) and spotted wolffish (anarhichas minor olafsen) fry. | atlantic cod and spotted wolffish fry were fed high-m alginate containing feed for 59 and 55 days, respectively. during this period the fry showed a higher specific growth rate compared to controls. uptake and distribution of alginate was studied by inclusion of the (125)i-labelled molecule in the feed. the stomach and intestine contained the highest amount while the kidney, liver and spleen contained some, indicating that the alginate was taken up by the gut and transported to internal organs. ... | 2006 | 16219475 |
| anesthesia for male aesthetic surgery. | the male patient for aesthetic plastic surgery should expect to have a good experience, with few, if any complications from anesthesia. proper planning is essential to the process, from setting up the surgical facility to selection and preparation of patients. anesthetic techniques should be adapted to the needs of each patient, with his safety and comfort the most important consideration. anesthesia for plastic surgery has progressed from simple injection of local anesthetics to sophisticated s ... | 2006 | 1934898 |
| mechanisms of ion and acid-base regulation at the gills of freshwater fish. | this review examines the branchial mechanisms utilized by freshwater fish to regulate internal acid-base status and presents a model to explain the underlying basis of the compensatory processes. rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown bullhead, ictalurus nebulosus, were examined under a variety of experimental treatments which induced respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances. acid-base regulation was achieved by appropriate adjustments of na+ and cl- net fluxes across the gills wh ... | 2006 | 1500882 |
| colotomy with minimum resection for advanced irreducible intussusception. | 2006 | 1501020 | |
| fine needle aspiration of pancreatic cystic epithelial neoplasms. | pancreatic cystic epithelial neoplasms present diagnostic challenges in cytology. an accurate diagnosis is important since the prognosis and treatment may vary. we report the cytologic features in fine needle aspirates of four cases of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (two micro-cystic adenomas, one mucinous cystic neoplasm and one mucinous cystadenocarcinoma). smears were evaluated as to their cellularity, content and predominant cell type. aspirates from the microcystic adenomas yielded hypoce ... | 2006 | 1449026 |
| executive empowerment enhances profession. | 2006 | 1560269 |