Publications

changes in the incidence and spectrum of neonatal septicemia during a fifteen-year period.	over a period of 15 years the incidence of neonatal septicemia seen at st göran's children's hospital has increased both per 1000 births and per 100 admitted neonates. the spectrum of causative organisms has changed towards more gram-positive organisms and fewer gram-negative organisms. in the initial antibiotic treatment an aminoglycoside and ampicillin derivate will still be needed to give full coverage.	1985	3901662
[carbenicillin resistance of gram-negative bacteria: incidence, biochemical and genetic determinism].	of nine hundred ampicillin resistant (amp-r) enterobacteria strains, isolated in hospital between july and december 1981, 73,7% are also carbenicillin-resistant (carb-r). this particular double resistance varies depending upon the species considered: indole positive proteus (23%), enterobacter cloacae (64%), citrobacter freundii (67%), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (73%), proteus mirabilis (75%), serratia marcescens (90%), escherichia coli (91%), providencia stuartii (96%) and klebsiella pneumonia ...	1985	3903620
ceftriaxone: a beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with an extended half-life.	ceftriaxone is an aminothiazolyl-oxyimino cephalosporin. it possesses the typical in vitro activity of a third-generation cephalosporin with excellent activity against many gram-negative aerobic bacilli: escherichia coli; species of proteus, klebsiella, morganella, providencia and citrobacter; and enterobacter agglomerans. ceftriaxone also has outstanding bactericidal action against pneumococci, group b streptococci, meningococci, gonococci and hemophilus influenzae. in healthy volunteers, it ha ...	1985	3906584
contribution of beta-lactamases to bacterial resistance and mechanisms to inhibit beta-lactamases.	resistance of bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics has become a serious problem in the past several decades. virtually all staphylococcus aureus, and many hemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, enterobacteriaceae, and bacteroides species possess beta-lactamases that hydrolyze penicillins and cephalosporins. the most common plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase is the tem enzyme (richmond-sykes type iiia), which is present in hemophilus, neisseria, and enterobacteriaceae. ...	1985	3907341
[biochemical properties of enterobacteria on polystyrene plates].	the authors studied 84 strains of enterobacteria. the reliability of the results of the biochemical testing obtained by the micromethod with the use of polystyrene plates was examined comparatively to the data obtained by the classical method and api microsystems manufactured in france. of the 84 strains of enterobacteria, 36 belonged to proteus, 24 to enterobacter, 8 to klebsiella, 5 to citrobacter, and 11 to e. coli. of the strains tested, 50 were isolated from the intestine of children and ad ...	1985	3909634
cefamandole resistance transfer in bacterial strains from two newborn units.	transfer of cefamandole resistance was demonstrated from strains of citrobacter freundii as well as from individual strains of enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter anitratus and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in two newborn units. in citrobacter freundii, cefamandole resistance was transferred always with cephalotin resistance as well as with a tem-like beta lactamase (conferring resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin and azlocillin). citrobacter freundii strains from hospital i we ...	1985	3910723
rapid identification of escherichia coli from routine urine specimens based on macroscopic criteria.	in our laboratory, selected strains of gram-negative rods from urine samples are identified as escherichia coli on the basis of smell and morphology on lactose agar. to investigate the accuracy of this routine practice, 211 consecutive strains were tested in the urea-indole tube of the three-tube method (3-tm), in the pgua test detecting beta-glucuronidase activity and in the simmons' citrate test, to select the strains that were non-e. coli. additional 1022 strains were tested by the indole and ...	1985	3914821
studies on specificity of protection induced by immunization with outer membrane proteins of shigella.	immunization of c3h/hej mice with outer membrane proteins (omp) and with peptidoglycan associated proteins (pgp) isolated from shigella flexneri 3a and from shigella sonnei phase i protected the animals against lethal dose of homologous and heterologous bacteria and against various serotypes of shigella flexneri. neither of the protein preparations protected the animals against challenge with escherichia, klebsiella, citrobacter, salmonella, serratia, proteus and pseudomonas. omp preparations ho ...	1985	3914866
[enzymatic synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine by free and immobilized citrobacter freundii cells].	the citrobacter freundii 62 cells immobilized in paag and possessing the tyrosine-phenol-lyase (tpl) activity catalyse the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) from pyrocatechol and ammonium pyruvate. the synthesis of dopa was studied using both free and immobilized bacterial cells. when the concentration of pyrocatechol is over 0.1 m the tpl activity of the cells is inhibited. the concentration of pyrocatechol can be increased up to 0.3 m by using an equimolar mixture of pyrocatech ...	1985	3921951
the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (hr 810), a pyridine cephalosporin agent active against staphylococci, enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the in vitro activity of cefpirome, a new cyclopyridinium cephalosporin, was evaluated against 947 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefpirome inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, aeromonas spp., salmonella spp., shigella spp. and haemophilus and neisseria species at less than or equal to 0.4 mg/l. it had activity comparable to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and moxalactam again ...	1985	3928497
[activity of the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (augmentin) combination on strains of hospital isolates].	all strains of staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacilli (enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter) isolated from 01.01 to 03.31.83 were studied using agar diffusion with augmentin-impregnated discs (amoxicillin 20 micrograms + clavulanic acid 10 micrograms). augmentin is active against penicillinase-producing staphylococci susceptible to methicillin, whereas methicillin-resistant strains are also resistant to augmentin. according to the susceptibility of strains to amoxic ...	1985	3929215
[laboratory and clinical studies on cefminox].	laboratory and clinical studies were performed on cefminox (cmnx, mt-141), a new cephamycin antibiotic, and results were as follows. antimicrobial activities. mics of cmnx against various clinical isolates were determined with the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. percentages of strains susceptible to 12.5 micrograms/ml or less were 4% for s. aureus, 0% for e. faecalis, 100% for e. coli, 81% for k. pneumoniae, 3% for enterobacter sp., 18% for s. marcescens, 90% for p. mirabilis, 88% for indole-po ...	1985	3930782
[cefminox concentration in tissues and clinical efficacy of cefminox in acute peritonitis].	cefminox sodium (cmnx, mt-141), a new semisynthetic cephamycin, having marked resistance to beta-lactamase, and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against various bacterial species, including haemophilus influenzae, serratia marcescens and citrobacter freundii, cmnx has higher activity in vivo than in vitro. for therapeutic purpose, cmnx was given in a daily dose of 0.5 g (0.5 g x 1) to 2 g (1 x 2) by intravenous drip infusion for 4 to 8 days to 24 cases with acute peritonitis (17 cases ...	1985	3930784
[distribution and changes in the susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. iii].	this report presents data concerning in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris isolated from patients with complicated urinary tract infections and against pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical wounds with postoperative infection and exudate from superficial abscesses. there was a marked increase of resistant strains of c. freundii, enterobacter spp. and s. marcescens to penicillins, ceps or gm. the ...	1985	3930806
[synthesis of tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine by citrobacter freundii bacteria from lactic acid].	a possibility of using lactic acid as a precursor for the synthesis of l-tyrosine and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) by citrobacter freundii 62 and 63 was established. the synthesis of tyrosine from lactic acid occurs at a phenol concentration of less than 0.6%. the conditions were found which enable c. freundii 62 and 63 to synthesize from lactic acid tyrosine and dopa with the yield of 35-38 g/l and 32-33 g/l, respectively.	1985	3931068
[characteristics of the composition of the causative agents of different forms of suppurative inflammatory diseases and their antibiotic sensitivity].	antibiotic sensitivity of 466 clinical strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms isolated from patients with different forms of pyoinflammatory diseases was studied. most of the staphylococcal isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin (74.3 per cent). the number of the isolates resistant to erythromycin amounted to 59.6 per cent. the respective figures for methicillin and dicloxacillin were 17.9 and 10.8 per cent. staphylococci resistant to new aminoglycosides, fusidin and rifa ...	1985	3933419
infection control during parenteral nutrition therapy.	parenteral nutrition therapy can achieve an anabolic state in patients who are unable to maintain normal nitrogen balance; however, it may be associated with infectious complications. infections may be related to contamination of the cannula and the cannula wound, of the infusate, or of other parts of the parenteral nutrition system. a variety of microorganisms has been associated with these infections. the exact mechanisms that initiate cannula-related infection are poorly understood. susceptib ...	1985	3934408
[comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1983). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].	the in vitro antimicrobial activities of antibiotics against causative pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) in the 8 institutions in japan during the period from 1980 to 1983 were compared. a number of new beta-lactam antibiotics with broad spectrum of activity have become available for clinical use in recent years. some of them, in particular so-called third generation cephems, are reported to be responsible for developing microbial-cross resistance to multiple b ...	1985	3935824
[effect of ceftazidime on enterobacteria and pseudomonas producers of beta-lactamases].	the activity of cephalotin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, latamoxef, thienamycin, azthreonam, cefsulodine and ceftazidime against beta-lactamase producing strains of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas was compared by determination of 99% inhibitory concentrations. the isogenic strains studied differed by a single genetic event: mutation, gene amplification, acquisition of a high or low copy-number plasmid or of a transposon and were representative of the major known mechanism ...	1985	3936006
toxic exoproducts of citrobacter freundii.	a strain of citrobacter freundii isolated from the feces of a patient with diarrhoea was examined for growth kinetics and toxic exoproduct formation using the complete (bhi) and synthetic culture media. it was found that the test organism in synthetic medium grew distinctly slower than in bhi. fractionations on sephadex g-100 column yielded 3 fractions from the complete medium culture filtrate and 2 fractions from the culture filtrate obtained from synthetic medium. the first culture filtrate fr ...	1985	3936878
bacteriology and ultrastructure of the bladder in patients with urinary tract infections.	tissue obtained by biopsy of the bladder from 33 patients with various urinary tract symptoms was studied by conventional bacteriological techniques and by scanning electron microscopy (sem). all the patients had recurrent urinary tract symptoms which had not completely responded to antibiotic therapy. eleven of the patients had greater than or equal to 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of bacteria/1 urine; six had between 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/1, and 16 were abacteruric. bacteria were isolated, ho ...	1985	3936879
[in vitro effect of ceftriaxone on hospital bacteria. line of regression and critical values].	antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone, a new third generation cephalosporin, against hospital isolates was investigated. 312 strains belonging to the most commonly recovered species were studied using the following methods: agar diffusion (disk antibiotic testing), agar dilution (determination of mic) and dilution in a liquid medium with subculture to agar plates (determination of mbc). except for a few citrobacter strains and rare serratia strains, all enterobacteriaceae tested proved highly su ...	1985	3937122
[hr 810 (cefpirome). experimental evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antibiotic activity of a new amino-2-thiazole methoxy- imino cephalosporin].	hr 810 or cefpirome is a new amino thiazole cephalosporin whose specific characteristic is a cyclopentenopyridinium group in position 3 of the cephem nucleus. this structure is responsible for a broad spectrum of activity, covering enterobacteriaceae, including cephalosporinase-producing enterobacter spp. and citrobacter spp., staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and group d streptococci.	1985	3937124
citrobacter lipopolysaccharides: structure elucidation of the o-specific polysaccharide from strain pcm 1487 by mass spectrometry, one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy and methylation analysis.	structural studies on the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter pcm 1487 lipopolysaccharide, using methylation analysis, smith degradation and 1h-nmr spectroscopy, indicate that it consists of the trisaccharide repeating units (formula, see text) in this structure, 4-deoxy-d-arahex stands for 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose.	1985	2982602
characterization of restriction-modification enzymes cfr13 i from citrobacter freundii rfl13.	this communicatiopn describes some properties of rcfr13 i and mcfr13 i, isolated from citrobacter freundii rfl13. rcffr13 i restriction enzyme recognizes the 5'-g gncc sequence and cleaves, as indicated by the arrow. mcfr13 i methylase modifies the internal cytosine producing m5c (5'-ggnm5cc). rcfr13 i is sensitive not only to this type of substrate modification but also to hemimethylation in overlapping sites by mcfr10 i (internal cytosine of rcfr13 i recognition is methylated) and mhpa ii (ext ...	1985	2984047
effect of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on ambient air densities of aerosols containing bacteria and viruses.	bacteria- and virus-containing aerosols were studied during the late summer and fall seasons in a midwestern suburb of the united states before and during the start-up and operation of an unenclosed activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. the study showed that the air in this suburban area contained low-level densities of indicator microorganisms. after the plant began operating, the densities of total aerobic bacteria-containing particles, standard plate count bacteria, total coliforms, fe ...	1985	2988442
purification and characterization of selenocysteine beta-lyase from citrobacter freundii.	the purification and characterization of bacterial selenocysteine beta-lyase, an enzyme which specifically catalyzes the cleavage of l-selenocysteine to l-alanine and se0, are presented. the enzyme, purified to near homogeneity from citrobacter freundii, is monomeric with a molecular weight of ca. 64,000 and contains 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor per mol of enzyme. l-selenocysteine is the sole substrate (km, 0.95 mm). l-cysteine is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (ki, 0.65 ...	1985	2991201
regulatory components in citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase induction.	citrobacter freundii encodes an inducible chromosomal beta-lactamase similar to the constitutively expressed ampc beta-lactamase of escherichia coli. in the latter species the ampc gene is located next to the fumarate reductase (frd) operon, whereas in c. freundii the ampc gene is known to be separated from frd by 1100 base pairs. this intervening dna segment carries a gene, ampr, coding for a 31-kilodalton polypeptide. the cloned c. freundii os60 ampc gene is inducible by beta-lactam antibiotic ...	1985	2991883
reactions of fish to microorganisms in wastewater.	fish were inoculated with various microorganisms present in wastewater. a threshold concentration was determined over which these microorganisms were recovered from the muscles. the threshold concentrations were different for bacteria, bacteriophages, and polio 1 lsc virus. the threshold values were lower when fish were inoculated than when they were immersed in water containing these organisms. depuration experiments were efficient when the fish did not contain high concentrations of bacteria i ...	1985	3002273
[in vitro activity of ceftriaxone on hospital bacteria. results of a multicenter study].	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ceftriaxone were determined by agar dilution for 2 099 strains isolated in six teaching hospitals. mics were less than 1 microgram/ml for the great majority of enterobacteriaceae, with mode mics varying across groups from less than 0.008 micrograms/ml for proteus (mirabilis and indole-positive) to 0.25 for enterobacter. only a few resistant strains were found, mainly among enterobacter and citrobacter. ceftriaxone proved noticeably less active against ...	1985	2868442
[vi antigen and microbial adhesion factors. the detection of adhesins in commercial vi antigen preparations].	enterobacterial vi-antigen inhibit the escherichia coli-induced agglutination of red blood cells of guinea pigs and other animals, which indicates that vi-antigen contains the admixture of adhesion associated with type i pili. the amount of adhesion contained in vi-antigen can be determined from the degree to which its hemagglutination-inhibiting effect is manifested.	1985	2868591
aztreonam in the treatment of bone and joint infections caused by gram-negative bacilli.	aztreonam was used successfully in 17 of 17 patients with orthopedic infections due to gram-negative bacilli (11, osteomyelitis; six, septic arthritis). duration of treatment ranged from 14 to 55 days, and the period of follow-up was four to 18 months. causative organisms included pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, enterobacter gergoviae, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, and enterobacter aerogenes. aztreonam was well tolerated. the only definite reactions attributable to aztreo ...	1985	2934786
[the toxigenicity of strains of citrobacter freundii].		1985	3157464
in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin and other agents against ocular pathogens.	302 clinical isolates representing 16 bacterial species most often implicated in ocular infections were tested in vitro against norfloxacin and a panel of antibacterial agents. on the basis of the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (mic90) data, norfloxacin was 4-32 times more active than the next best antimicrobial tested against citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae and staphylococcus ep ...	1985	3157551
[differences in the production of temperate bacteriophages in lysogenic strains of salmonella enteritidis and citrobacter].		1985	3160495
comparison of the exoproducts of gram-negative bacteria by sds-page.	the protein exoproducts released during exponential growth of gram-negative bacteria were analysed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the following bacterial strains were tested: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia liquefaciens, serratia rubidaea, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella minnesota, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fluorescens. it is demonstrated by sds-page t ...	1985	2408403
[protective action of a corpuscular polyvalent pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine against representative enterobacteria].	animal experiments have demonstrated that p. aeruginosa vaccine is capable of protecting animals from experimental p. aeruginosa infection, as well as rendering a protective effect with respect to some representatives of the family enterobacteriaceae. the comparative study of the antigenic spectra of the vaccine strains and some representatives of enterobacteriaceae (enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter and klebsiella) has revealed no direct relationship between the degree of this protective effe ...	1985	2409719
[erythrocyte diagnostic agents for detecting bacterial antigens of the genus citrobacter].	citrobacter antigenic and antibody erythrocyte diagnosticums, serogroups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, and 22, have been developed. tests with the use of these diagnosticums have proved to be highly sensitive and mainly group-specific. the antigen in the cellular form is best detected by means of the passive hemagglutination test and in the molecular form, by means of the neutralization test. the antibody-binding and agglutinating activities of strictly group-specific and cross-reacting o- ...	1986	2429481
properties of free and bound citrobacter freundii lipopolysaccharides.	culture medium content of free lipopolysaccharide (lps) components spontaneously released from a citrobacter freundii culture grown in minimum synthetic medium was determined during early (8-hr culture) and late (24-hr culture) phases of growth. as judged by limulus-lysate test, free lps occurred in the medium as early as after 8 hrs of incubation, i.e. at the beginning of log growth phase. as the culture continued to grow the lps amount released into culture medium kept rising, reaching 30% of ...	1986	2433327
the comparative in-vitro activity of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin and nalidixic acid against 423 strains of gram-negative rods and staphylococci isolated from infected hospitalised patients.	the in-vitro activities of four quinolone carboxylic acids against 423 clinical isolates of gram-negative rods and staphylococci from infected hospitalised patients were compared. the antibiotics included nalidixic acid and the newer compounds, norfloxacin (mk-0366), ciprofloxacin (bay 09867) and enoxacin (at 2266 or ci919). norfloxacin showed slightly more activity than enoxacin, but both agents had markedly greater potencies and broader antibacterial spectrums than nalidixic acid. ciprofloxaci ...	1986	2936708
in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin compared with other agents against recent hospital isolates.	ciprofloxacin's in vitro activity was tested against 385 hospital isolates originating from three geographically distinct regions. of all strains tested, only three (1 acinetobacter sp. and 2 pseudomonas aeruginosa) were ciprofloxacin resistant. ciprofloxacin was more active against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, acinetobacter sp., proteus sp., shigella sp. than gentamicin, mezlocillin and cefotaxime. it was more active than azlocillin and cefsulodin against p. a ...	1986	2939966
clinical experience with ciprofloxacin in the usa.	this interim analysis of the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin is based on case reports of 1241 adult patients treated primarily in the usa; 1026 were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. the daily dose ranged from 500 to 1500 mg, the unit dose being given every 12 h. duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 211 days (mean 12.6 days). in 1046 cases of infection the site was the urinary tract (514), skin structures (218), respiratory tract (215), blood (43), bone (27), abdomen (13), gastroint ...	1986	2941286
[synergism or antagonism in combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics].	several examples of antagonistic combinations between cefoxitin and other beta-lactam antibiotics have been reported in the literature. this phenomenon may occur especially with enterobacter spp, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter spp, and serratia marcescens. in these species, induction of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases by certain potent inducers, such as cefoxitin, has been suggested as the main mechanism of antagonism. these in vitro interactions may have clinical relevance; however, ...	1986	2942870
[citrobacter freundii: in vivo emergence of a mutant resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics during treatment with ceftazidime].		1986	2944097
[in vitro effect of piperacillin on aerobic bacteria. variations according to the phenotypes of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics].	in a first study the mics of piperacillin (pip), mezlocillin (mez), azlocillin (azl), carbenicillin (carb) and ticarcillin (tic) against 563 strains of aerobic bacteria were compared. the mic50 of pip against e. coli and p. mirabilis was 0.5 to 1 mg/l, that is equal to those of mez and tic but 2 or 3 times lower than those of azl and car. the mic50 of pip and mez against klebsiella, a species that is naturally resistant to tic and car, was 4 mg/l. enterobacter, serratia and citrobacter showed tw ...	1986	2949267
in-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to other antibiotics.	pefloxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. a comparison was made of the in-vitro activity of pefloxacin and that of nine other antibiotics (ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and norfloxacin). the mic90 of pefloxacin against 500 strains of enterobacteriaceae ranged from 0.25 mg/l (escherichia coli, indole + proteus spp., enterobacter cloacae, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.) to 1 mg ...	1986	3086279
synergistic activity of amikacin with aztreonam against pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative organisms.	the effects of amikacin in combination with aztreonam were tested on 100 strains of gram-negative bacteria by means of the microtiter checkerboard system. eighty-one strains were pseudomonas aeruginosa, eight were enterobacter species, seven were acinetobacter species, two were alcaligenes species, one was a citrobacter organism, and one was pseudomonas stutzeri. all strains had a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) to aztreonam between 4 and 256 micrograms/ml (mic50 = 16 micrograms/ml) and a ...	1986	3087621
in vitro activity of aztreonam against gram negative bacteria from clinical specimens and its comparison with other commonly used antibiotics.	a total of 755 gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were tested against aztreonam by the disc agar diffusion test. the strains of bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli (314), enterobacter aerogenes (30), e. agglomerans (7), e. cloacae, (39), citrobacter diversus (9), c. freundii (13), hafnia alvei (3), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (10), klebsiella oxytoca (6), k. ozaenae (5), k. pneumoniae (107), morganella morganii (3), moraxella sp. (10), pasteurella multo ...	1986	3088346
aminoglycosides plus beta-lactams against gram-negative organisms. evaluation of in vitro synergy and chemical interactions.	combination antibiotic therapy has been used mainly to broaden the antibacterial spectrum and prevent the development of resistance. antibiotic combinations proven to be synergistic in vitro are associated with a significantly better in vivo response, particularly in the compromised host in whom traditional treatment combines an antipseudomonal penicillin plus an aminoglycoside. several investigators have examined combining new agents, such as the third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cef ...	1986	3088998
growth of salmonellas in different enrichment media.	the usefulness of selenite-f (s-f), tetrathionate (mkt) and rappaport-10 (r-10) broths as enrichment media to support growth of salmonellas either alone or in the presence of other competing organisms was studied. their ability to support the growth of stressed salmonellas from water was also investigated. it was observed that r-10 was more inhibitory to competing organisms than mkt and s-f. it strongly inhibited the growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii and proteus vulgaris tho ...	1986	3093439
aztreonam in the treatment of severe urinary tract infections in pediatric patients.	aztreonam was administered to 30 patients, ages 0.03 to 15.4 years, with severe and in 21 cases complicated urinary tract infections caused by members of the family enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa which were resistant to ampicillin and susceptible to the study drug in vitro. a mean dose of 47.7 mg/kg was given intramuscularly every 12 h to 26 patients. in four patients with renal insufficiency, the dose was reduced according to pharmacokinetic data. permanent urine sterilization an ...	1986	3094442
[in-vitro activity of cefonicid on hospital bacteria. regression line and proposal for critical values].	antimicrobial activity of cefonicid, a new second generation cephalosporin, against 315 hospital isolates (4th trimester 1984) was investigated. e. coli and proteus mirabilis were the most susceptible species. all e. coli strains except one were inhibited at 8 mg/l (modal mic: 0.5); mics of all indole + proteus were 8 mg/l (modal mic: 0.06). another group was moderately susceptible: mics of klebsiella and citrobacter ranged from 0.12 to 128 mg/l, but mics of 50% of these strains were less than o ...	1986	3095773
[catalase-negative citrobacter freundii isolated from the urinary tract].		1986	3098867
multiplication of bacterial pathogens in intravenous fluids.	the growth of 10 bacterial species in 10% dextran solution, 0.9% saline solution, rheomacrodex solution, totamine solution and extracorporeal circulation fluid was quantified at room temperature. depending on the bacterial species, doubling time ranged from 2 to 18 h. these differences can be explained by microbial metabolism, and the ph and osmotic pressure of the solutions tested. these results emphasize once more the necessity for aseptic preparation and careful storage of intravenous fluids.	1986	2873170
a study of the skin flora of spinal cord injured patients.	the skin flora of 11 spinally-injured patients was compared to that of 11 healthy control subjects. the perinea, groins, penile shafts and urethras of the patients were heavily colonized by a range of multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacilli. observations on patients from admission for up to 25 days suggest that the gram-negative bacilli start to colonize the skin 2-3 days after admission. some species, e.g., citrobacter diversus and escherichia coli appear as transient organisms while others ...	1986	2876030
[reasons for the formation of hydrogen sulfide in regenerated water].	the factors responsible for the formation of hydrogen sulphide in the water reclaimed from the atmospheric condensate were investigated. it was found that hydrogen sulphide developed in reclaimed water due to microorganisms which in the presence of inorganic sulphur (sodium thiosulphate) acquired the capacity to produce hydrogen sulphide, although normally they are not sulphur reducing. among the microorganisms studied, e. coli showed the highest capacity (100%) and streptococcus faecalis and ci ...	1986	2878108
in vitro activity of sch-34343, a new penam, and other antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates from cancer patients.	the in vitro activity of sch-34343, a new penam antibiotic, was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative isolates from cancer patients, and compared to that of 7 other antimicrobial agents. sch-34343 was extremely active against the enterobacteriaceae with mic90 ranging from 0.39 to 6.25 micrograms/ml for citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp. and serratia marcescens. it was less active against acinetobacter spp. (mic90 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml) ...	1986	3100147
the effects on beta-lactam susceptibility of phenotypic induction and genotypic derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis.	we have compared the ability of beta-lactam antibiotics to induce beta-lactamase synthesis and antagonize the in-vitro activity of other beta-lactams and also to select mutants with derepressed beta-lactamase synthesis amongst representative gram-negative bacilli that produce inducible beta-lactamases. both imipenem and cefoxitin were potent inducers of beta-lactamase and were able to antagonize the activity of other beta-lactams against isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and ...	1986	3102451
antibacterial properties of imipenem with special reference to the activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	imipenem was examined with standardized agar dilution procedures against a wide range of bacteria. geometric mean mics against the genera escherichia, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter and serratia were 0.1-0.4 mg/l, and proteus and providencia spp. were inhibited by 0.25-4 mg/l. acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum strains were inhibited by concentrations ranging from 0.12-0.5 mg/l. methicillin-susceptible staphylococci were highly susceptible to the drug (mics: less than or equal to ...	1986	3102452
[comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1984). i. susceptibility distribution].	our research group was engaged for 3 years (1979-1981) in a study on sensitivities to antibiotics of 4 bacterial groups including representative pathogenic bacteria found in cases of urinary tract infections; i.e. e. coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., and proteus spp. since 1982, all the bacterial strains isolated by our group from patients with urinary tract infections and deemed by doctors in charge as pathogens were sent to the laboratory of clinical pathology of juntendo university, wh ...	1986	3102808
[comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1984). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].	cases with infections of urinary tracts were divided into 3 groups of the simple infections, and complicated infections without indwelling of catheter, and complicated infections with indwelling of catheter. susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens which were isolated from patients with these infections were determined. there was no tendency of decline in the su ...	1986	3102809
selection of beta-lactamase producers during cephalosporin and penicillin therapy.	treatment failures due to beta-lactamase producing strains of enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii and pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently reported. it is difficult, however, to determine the underlying mechanism of resistance development. different beta-lactam drugs, such as cephalosporins and penicillins have different ecological impacts on the infections and physiological flora of patients. they select in different ways although the mutation frequency of strains towa ...	1986	3103207
inducible type i beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.	mutants, showing either constitutive (depressed) or non-inducible expression of chromosomally-mediated type i beta-lactamase were obtained from clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ent. aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, providencia stuartii, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the wild-type and mutant strains were compared for susceptibility to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis generally, but not always, resulted in ...	1986	3485092
antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 compared with other agents.	the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 (7-[[2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[ [1-(2-sulfaminoethyl)-1h-tetrazol-5-yl]thio]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid) a new parenteral cephalosporin was investigated against 780 types of bacteria. sk&f 88070 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella species, shigella species, morganella morganii, and citrobacter diversus at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. i ...	1986	3485506
sequence of the citrobacter freundii os60 chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene.	the citrobacter freundii os60 ampc beta-lactamase gene was sequenced and found to encode a 380-amino-acid-long precursor with a 19-residue signal peptide. the mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 39781 da. the first 60 residues of the purified enzyme, as determined by sequential edman degradation, are identical to the amino acid sequence inferred from the gene sequence. also, the amino acid composition determined for the purified beta-lactamase and that given by the gene sequence are ...	1986	3486121
the activity of bmy 28142 a new broad spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin.	the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142, an iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin containing a methyl pyrrolidinio c-3 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem and tobramycin against various bacteria. bmy 28142 was the most active agent tested against the enterobacteriaceae inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142 was equal to or superior to cefotaxime against the highly susceptible members of the enterobacteriaceae and seve ...	1986	3486862
synergism and antagonism in double beta-lactam antibiotic combinations.	combinations of two beta-lactam antibiotics may be advantageous in certain clinical situations, providing a synergistic activity against specific organisms or a broad spectrum of antibiotic coverage. depending on the combination and the bacteria, synergism, indifference, or antagonism can be observed. synergism may occur when two beta-lactam antibiotics, acting on different penicillin-binding proteins, are combined or when a penicillinase-susceptible beta-lactam antibiotic is protected by anothe ...	1986	3487247
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074).	ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ...	1986	3490827
7 alpha-formylamino substituent confers beta-lactamase-inactivating potency on 1-oxacephalosporins.	7 alpha-formylamino-1-oxacephalosporins 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-[2- (methylaminocarbonyl)amino-2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1h -tetra zol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f1) and 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-(2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1- yl)carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1h-tetr azol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f2) were stable against penicillinases and, moreover, inactivated cephalosporinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa, cit ...	1986	3490828
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-s.	6315-s, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella spp., and shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. it inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-s did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant citrobacter freundii, enterob ...	1986	3492172
beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum.	cefpirome was highly stable to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases, although it was hydrolyzed to some extent by r plasmid-mediated penicillinase of richmond-sykes type va/b and by chromosomal cephalosporinases from bacteroides species. the compound had a very low affinity for cephalosporinases from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and proteus vulgaris. cefpirome showed strong antimicrobial activity against eight beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase)-producing strai ...	1986	3492175
delayed inactivation of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase by 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone.	when citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase was incubated with 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone (cloxacillin sulfone) in phosphate buffer, the enzyme was suddenly inactivated just after the completion of enzymatic degradation of the cloxacillin sulfone. such delayed inactivation was due to a secondary inhibitor formed from cloxacillin sulfone during the incubation period. the inactivation was delayed due to the protection of the enzyme by cloxacillin sulfone fro ...	1986	3493233
susceptibility of aerobic gram-negative bacilli to aminoglycosides. effects of 45 months of amikacin as first-line aminoglycoside therapy.	amikacin was instituted as the primary empiric aminoglycoside at the san juan veterans administration medical center in january 1982; at that time, 16 percent of the strains at the hospital were gentamicin-resistant. a prospective surveillance study was designed to correlate detection of bacterial resistance with aminoglycoside use. in the current report, the baseline period, during which gentamicin was the first-line aminoglycoside, accounting for 61 percent of overall aminoglycoside use, is co ...	1986	3014877
transfer of amikacin resistance by closely related plasmids in members of the family enterobacteriaceae isolated in chile.	during a 9-month period when amikacin was the sole aminoglycoside used clinically in a hospital in santiago, chile, resistance to amikacin and other antibiotics was encountered in 42 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae, including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and serratia liquefaciens. amikacin resistance was transferable by conjugation and carried by incm plasmids ranging in size from ca. 48.4 to 58.1 kilobase pair ...	1986	3015007
comparative evaluation of a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, ytr 830, combined with different beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria harboring known beta-lactamases.	ytr 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, combined with amoxicillin or carbenicillin, showed a synergistic effect similar to that observed with clavulanic acid, and generally better than that with sulbactam, against strains harboring chromosome-encoded penicillinases and broad-spectrum beta-lactamases or plasmid-determined beta-lactamases. with ampicillin, ytr 830 showed the best synergistic activity of the inhibitors against proteus morganii, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae and th ...	1986	3015011
comparative activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors ytr 830, clavulanate and sulbactam combined with extended-spectrum penicillins against ticarcillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads.	the in-vitro synergistic activity of ytr 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, combined with four extended-spectrum penicillins (ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin and apalcillin) against ticarcillin-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative enteric bacilli was compared with that of clavulanate and sulbactam. synergy testing was performed with fixed concentrations of beta-lactamase inhibitors (8 mg/l) combined with doubling dilutions of beta-lactams in microdilution trays. synergy was defi ...	1986	3019984
synergy of amoxycillin combined with clavulanate and ytr 830 in experimental infections in mice.	ytr 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, is synergistic with amoxycillin in vitro against a number of beta-lactamase-producing organisms. the combination of amoxycillin-ytr 830 was compared to amoxycillin-clavulanate in the treatment of experimental staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii and proteus mirabilis infections in mice. both combinations were synergistic with amoxycillin against all three test organisms. the amoxycillin-clavulanate combination was superior against s. aureus and c. ...	1986	3019987
restriction enzyme fingerprinting of enterobacterial plasmids: a simple strategy with wide application.	restriction enzyme fingerprints were generated from purified plasmid dna from 324 clinical isolates that belonged to 7 enterobacterial genera and 88 single plasmids in escherichia coli k 12 according to the following strategy. purified plasmid dna was digested with psti. the number of fragments detected in a 0.8 agarose gel was used to determine which 2 of 6 restriction enzymes including psti was most likely to provide a fingerprint comprising sufficient fragments to ensure specificity but suffi ...	1986	3023479
core region of citrobacter lipopolysaccharide from strain pcm 1487. structure elucidation by two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz and methylation analysis/mass spectrometry.	the core structure of citrobacter pcm 1487 lipopolysaccharide has been established using methylation analysis/mass spectrometry, chemical degradations and one- and two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz. 1h-nmr assignments are given for all sugar components of the core oligosaccharide. in the formula shown below, the alternative locations of branch terminal heptose (ldhep) and diphosphorylethanolamine (ppetn) residues are marked by dashed lines; docla stands for 3-deoxy-d-manno-octuloson ...	1986	3024976
induction/inhibition of chromosomal beta-lactamases by beta-lactamase inhibitors.	many species of gram-negative bacteria produce chromosomal beta-lactamases that can be induced to high-level expression by exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics. fifty-four strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter, proteus, citrobacter, and morganella were examined for beta-lactamase inducibility by clavulanic acid, sulbactam, ytr 830, ampicillin, and cefoxitin. cefoxitin proved to be the most potent inducer, affecting most of the strains of enterobacter and morganella. clavulanic acid induced 30 ...	1986	3026004
sulbactam/ampicillin vs. chloramphenicol/ampicillin for the treatment of meningitis in infants and children.	eighty-one patients ages one month to 14 years with meningitis were randomized to receive either sulbactam (50 mg/kg per day) and ampicillin (400 mg/kg per day; 41 patients) or chloramphenicol and ampicillin (40 patients). the groups were comparable in terms of sex and degree of illness; however, more patients treated with chloramphenicol/ampicillin than patients treated with sulbactam/ampicillin were younger than 12 months of age (78% vs. 56%). pathogens were isolated from the cerebrospinal flu ...	1986	3026015
conservation of dna sequences for plasmid-mediated citrate utilization within the enterobacteria.	southern blot dna-dna hybridization experiments with a cloned cit+ dna fragment as a probe showed that the plasmid-mediated cit+ determinants from four cit plasmids (r726, poh3001, poh3035, and poh30221) were all homologous. sequences homologous to the plasmid-borne cit+ gene were also found in total bacterial dna isolated from salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium lt-2, citrobacter freundii, atcc 8090, citrobacter amalonaticus atcc 25405, klebsiella pneumoniae i ...	1986	3941048
opportunistic infections in hysterectomy-derived, barrier-maintained guinea pigs.	guineapigs were rederived by hysterectomy and associated with a colonization-resistant enteric microflora (crf) of mouse origin to establish a strict barrier-maintained breeding colony. infections were suspected in 55 of 209 animals autopsied. from 65 of 67 tissue samples selected for bacteriological examination 167 isolates, belonging to 16 usually non-pathogenic bacterial species or groups, were isolated mostly from cases of mastitis, typhlitis, enteritis, otitis media and pneumonia. faecal st ...	1986	3951194
mercury resistant bacteria isolated from sediment.		1986	3955253
selective and differential medium for the primary isolation of members of the proteeae.	a new differential and selective medium for the isolation of members of the proteeae, pim (proteeae isolation medium) agar, was developed and evaluated. the medium relies on the ability of all members of the proteeae (with the exception of a very few morganella morganii strains) to produce a dark brown pigment in medium containing dl-tryptophan. an additional differential property, tyrosine degradation, was also demonstrated by the medium. members of the proteeae appeared as dark brown colonies ...	1986	3958148
[isolation and properties of citrobacter bacteriophages].	four phages differing in their antigenic properties, thermosensitivity and spectrum of action have been obtained from citrobacter lysogenic cultures. to prepare the suspension of citrobacter phages, phagolysates may be treated with chloroform 1:10 for 30 minutes. the isolated phages have proved to be highly specific. the possibility of distinguishing citrobacter cultures by means of the phages under study has been shown.	1986	3962533
studies on microorganisms secured from different organs of slaughtered sheep with special reference to the microbial load in certain muscles.	a total of 312 samples collected from different organs and muscles of dead, disabled, diseased, dying, and normal carcasses of sheep were examined bacteriologically to determine the different species of microorganisms as to their public health significance. in addition, the aerobic plate count (apc) and most probable number (mpn) coliform/g were determined of musculus biceps brachii, musculus quadriceps femoris, and musculus longissimus dorsi. the mean bacterial load was higher in summer than in ...	1986	3964203
antibiotics in the second half of the 1980s. areas of future development and the effect of new agents on aminoglycoside use.	articles in this supplement have examined in detail the role of aminoglycosides in the therapy of infections, addressing problems of resistance, toxicity, and efficacy. this article discusses other agents and their potential utility and effect on aminoglycosides. penem antibiotics, which have activity against only aerobic gram-negative bacteria, have recently been synthesized. these agents have proved effective in animal experiments; to date, however, results of human clinical trials are not ava ...	1986	3460336
[concomitant therapy with cefmenoxime and cefsulodin for refractory complicated urinary tract infection (especially caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa)].	cefmenoxime (2 g) and cefsulodin (1 g) were given twice daily for 5 days by concomitant intravenous drip infusion (mixed infusion) to 135 patients with complicated urinary tract infection (c-uti) probably caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. the clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the criteria proposed by the uti committee in japan. ninety one subjects met the criteria for c-uti and were evaluable for drug efficacy. p. aeruginosa was detected in 44 cases (including mixed infection with oth ...	1986	3463188
[antimicrobial activity of cefotiam against various clinical isolates from 1981 to 1985].	some of new cephem antibiotics, particularly the so called the third generation cephalosporins, are reported to be potent inducers of beta-lactamases and to be responsible for developing microbial cross-resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics and occasionally to the aminoglycosides (sanders and sanders, 1983). in japan, third generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, and latamoxef became available in 1981, and cefmenoxime in 1982. therefore, it is of interes ...	1986	3467078
antimicrobial activity of imipenem against 1386 clinical isolates.	1386 isolates from clinical specimens were tested against imipenem by disc agar diffusion. the bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, e. agglomerans, e. cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, k. ozanae, proteus mirabilis, p. vulgaris, providencia stuartii, p. rettgeri, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, citrobacter diversus, c. freundii, morganella morganii, serratia liquefaciens, s. marcescens, hafnia alvei, aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa ...	1986	3468319
evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin against nosocomial infections and multiresistant pathogens.	thirty-five patients suffering from soft tissue infections (12), upper utis (6), bronchopneumonia (6), septicaemia (2), chronic osteomyelitis (2), intra-abdominal abscess (2), liver abscess (1), lung abscess (1), acute cholangitis (1), thoracic empyema (1) and chronic prostatitis (1) were given imipenem/cilastatin for 6-21 days. in 22 patients several aggravating factors coexisted, while infection in 16 patients was polymicrobial. the following pathogens were implicated: pseudomonas aeruginosa ( ...	1986	3469191
gram-negative septicemia in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis).	six species of bacteria (family enterobacteriaceae) not commonly reported as associated with disease in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were documented, suggesting that aeromonas is not the only bacterium responsible for septicemia in crocodilians. these included citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, proteus sp., morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, and klebsiella oxytoca. clinical signs of disease included intensive basking, anorexia, lethargy, flaccid limb paral ...	1986	3503133
polyarthritis and polyosteomyelitis in a juvenile giraffe.		1986	3505975
outer membrane permeability of imipenem in comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics.		1986	3512504
unusual mucocutaneous infections in immunosuppressed patients with leukemia--expansion of an earlier study.		1986	3513146
comparison of the standard pour plate procedure and the atp and limulus amebocyte lysate procedures for the detection of microbial contamination in intravenous fluids.	the intrinsic and extrinsic microbial contamination of large-volume parenterals has been associated with bacteremias in hospitalized patients. when epidemiologic data suggest the association of contaminated intravenous (i.v.) fluids with disease, appropriate laboratory methods must be devised to analyze quickly the suspect fluid. a study was undertaken to compare three laboratory test methods (standard pour plate [spp] technique, atp procedure, and limulus amebocyte lysate [lal] assay) for detec ...	1986	3514657
sonographic demonstration of prostatic abscess.		1986	3514932
the antimicrobial activities of trimethoprim and sulfonamides.	the folate inhibitor trimethoprim (tmp) is active against and potentially cidal to a few higher microorganisms and a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria except for bacteroides, branhamella, brucella, chlamydia, clostridium, mycobacterium, mycoplasma, nocardia, neisseria, pseudomonas and treponema. these organisms tend to be more sensitive to sulfonamides (sul) than to tmp, whereas tmp is 10- to 100-fold more active than sul against most other bacteria. synergy between tmp and sul occurs at drug ...	1986	3515508
effect of inoculum size on ampicillin and amoxycillin susceptibility determined by gas-liquid chromatography for members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	inoculum size had only a small effect on the results for ampicillin and amoxycillin susceptibility testing of escherichia coli. in contrast, a difference in inoculum size from 10(6) to 10(8) cfu/ml profoundly affected the results for ampicillin and amoxycillin susceptibility testing of proteus mirabilis, causing a change from susceptibility to complete resistance. these different effects of inoculum size were observed both when susceptibility was determined by the suppression of a characteristic ...	1986	3517063