Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparison of spiramycin and erythromycin in the treatment of experimental guinea pig legionellosis. | spiramycin was compared with erythromycin in a guinea pig model of severe legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 infection. male guinea pigs weighting 264-321 g were infected by the intraperitoneal route with 1.2 x 10(7) virulent l. pneumophila serogroup 1. forty eight h after infection, animals that had lost greater than or equal to 9% of their body weight were randomly assigned to receive 48, 54 and 72 h after infection intraperitoneal injections of (1) distilled water (n = 20), (2) erythromycin l ... | 1988 | 3182448 |
| the effect of ofloxacin on the intracellular growth of legionella pneumophila in guinea pig alveolar phagocytes. | ofloxacin was evaluated as an antibiotic for possible use in the therapy of legionnaires' disease in relation to its ability to penetrate alveolar phagocytes and inhibit legionella pneumophila intracellular replication. a comparison with two other antibiotics used in the treatment of legionnaires' disease, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, was also made. ofloxacin was found to be the most effective antibiotic, eliminating viable l. pneumophila from alveolar phagocytes at 0.001 mg/l. this was follo ... | 1988 | 3182462 |
| the comparative in-vitro activity of ofloxacin. | the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared with that of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics). ofloxacin was very active against nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates of the enterobacteriaceae (mic less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l) and was also active against strains resistant to nalidixic acid (mic less than o ... | 1988 | 3182468 |
| retrospective evaluation of the du pont radioimmunoassay kit for detection of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigenuria in humans. | we used the du pont radioimmunoassay kit for soluble legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigenuria (du pont co., wilmington, del.) to test 422 urine samples from patients with and without legionnaires disease (ld). the urine specimens were collected from 23 patients with culture-proven ld and from 346 patients without ld. l. pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from 14 patients with culture-proven ld, and other l. pneumophila serogroups or other legionella species were isolated from 9 patients; ... | 1988 | 3183024 |
| macrophage toxicity and complement sensitivity of virulent and avirulent strains of legionella pneumophila. | virulent strains of legionella pneumophila that are preincubated with specific antiserum are cytotoxic for alveolar macrophages when added at a multiplicity of infection of 100 l. pneumophila per macrophage. under the same conditions, avirulent strains exhibit little cytotoxic activity. virulent strains are also resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum and fail to bind complement components on the cell surface. in contrast, avirulent strains are serum-sensitive and both c3 an ... | 1988 | 3187322 |
| in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301; ama-1080) versus enteropathogenic and nonfermentative gram-negative rods and legionella pneumophila. | the in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301; ama-1080) was tested against 355 single-patient isolates, by and large enteropathogenic or nonfermentative rods. the new monobactam was inhibitory and bactericidal against the majority of diarrhea-causing members of the family enterobacteriaceae at concentrations of less than and equal to 8 micrograms/ml. although known to be active against pseudomonas aeruginosa, it generally did not exhibit clinically useful activity against other nonfermenters o ... | 1988 | 3190188 |
| legionnaires' disease in the work environment: implications for environmental health. | legionnaires' disease is a severe pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophila. outbreaks of legionnaire's disease have occurred in hotels, hospitals, and homes but had not been reported yet in the work environment. the authors report the occurrence of legionnaires' disease in three employees of two industrial plants. the potable water in the two plants contained high numbers of legionella pneumophila. monoclonal antibody subtyping of environmental and patient isolates of l. pneumoph ... | 1988 | 3195473 |
| efficacy of ny-198 against experimental legionnaires disease. | the in vitro and in vivo effects of ny-198 against legionella pneumophila were compared with those of ciprofloxacin. the mic of ny-198 against 15 standard reference strains of legionella of various species, between 0.03 and 0.125 micrograms/ml, was the same as that of ciprofloxacin. the peak concentration of ny-198 in the lungs and sera of guinea pigs with experimentally induced legionella pneumonia was higher than that of ciprofloxacin after oral administration. the overall survival rate was hi ... | 1988 | 3196003 |
| in vitro activities of pd 117,596 and reference antibiotics against 448 clinical bacterial strains. | the in vitro activity of pd 117,596, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was tested against 448 bacterial isolates (15 genera) by agar dilution (inoculum, 10(4) cfu per spot). the activity of pd 117,596 was compared with that of 15 antibiotics against 327 gram-negative strains and with that of 8 other antibiotics against 121 gram-positive strains. pd 117,596 demonstrated the best activity against klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., acinetobacter spp., serratia marcescens, and branhamella catarrhal ... | 1988 | 3196008 |
| legionella pneumophila subgroups, monoclonal antibody reactivity, and strain virulence in burlington, vermont. | 1988 | 3198951 | |
| legionella spp. in puerto rico cooling towers. | water samples from air conditioning cooling towers receiving different treatment protocols on five large municipal buildings in san juan, p.r., were assayed for various legionella spp. and serogroups by using direct immunofluorescence. several water quality parameters were also measured for each sample. guinea pigs were inoculated with water samples to confirm pathogenicity and recover viable organisms. legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, l. bozemanii, l. micdadei, l. dumoffii, and l. gorm ... | 1988 | 3202625 |
| differences in aerosol survival between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. | a strain of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 known to be virulent for guinea-pigs was found to be least stable at a relative humidity (r.h.) of 60% when stored as a small particle aerosol. three l. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains of different virulence for guinea-pigs were then tested at a r.h. of 60% at 20 degrees c. the most virulent strain was found to have the best survival and the avirulent strain was least stable. the strain of intermediate virulence did not survive as well as the virule ... | 1988 | 3204070 |
| sensitivity and resistance of legionella pneumophila to some antibiotics and combinations of antibiotics. | for the treatment of legionella pneumophila infections erythromycin and rifampicin are the antibiotics of choice. in view of reported therapy failures other antibiotics, e.g. the quinolones, are currently under investigation. the sensitivity of l. pneumophila to four antibiotics and to combinations of antibiotics was investigated and the rate of mutations was calculated. for 20 l. pneumophila strains we determined the mic of rifampicin (0.002-0.004 mg/l), erythromycin (0.063-0.125 mg/l), norflox ... | 1988 | 3204075 |
| comparative efficacy of five antibiotics on experimental airborne legionellosis in guinea-pigs. | the efficacy of preventive and curative treatment of experimental airborne legionellosis in guinea-pigs was studied for erythromycin, rifampicin, minocycline, doxycycline and pefloxacin. the aerosol was produced from a strain of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and dispersed in a chamber maintained below atmospheric pressure. guinea-pigs were exposed for 30 min to 1 or 10 ld50 (10(3) or 10(4) viable inhaled organisms). treatment was preventive or curative. antibiotic concentrations in lungs an ... | 1988 | 3204078 |
| susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to azt. | 1988 | 3209534 | |
| growth-supporting activity for legionella pneumophila in tap water cultures and implication of hartmannellid amoebae as growth factors. | photosynthetic cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, free-living amoebae, and ciliated protozoa may support growth of legionella pneumophila. studies were done with two tap water cultures (ws1 and ws2) containing l. pneumophila and associated microbiota to characterize growth-supporting activity and assess the relative importance of the microbiota in supporting multiplication of l. pneumophila. the water cultures were incubated in the dark at 35 degrees c. the growth-supporting factor(s) was se ... | 1988 | 3214153 |
| nosocomial legionella pneumonia: demonstration of potable water as the source of infection. | from january 1983 until december 1985, 35 cases of sporadic nosocomial legionella pneumonia, all caused by legionella pneumophila, were diagnosed in a university hospital. l. pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 was cultured from 12 of the 35 cases and compared to corresponding l. pneumophila sg 1 isolates from water outlets in the patients' immediate environment by subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. the corresponding environmental isolates were identical to 9 out of 12 (75%) of those from the cases. ... | 1988 | 3215293 |
| effects of inhaled titanium dioxide dust on the lung and on the course of experimental legionnaires' disease. | guinea-pigs were exposed for 14 days to an aerosol of titanium dioxide (tio2) dust to produce macrophage blockade. groups of the animals were later infected by aerosol with legionella pneumophila. histological and ultrastructural studies showed that tio2 dust alone was inert and non-fibrogenic and even at 6 weeks induced no pathological lesions in the lungs, apart from accumulation of macrophages in interalveolar septa. the macrophage blockade by tio2 did not alter the animals' susceptibility to ... | 1988 | 3219283 |
| a family cluster of legionella pneumophila infections. | three members of one single family of 4, the father, a son and a daughter, showed seroconversion against legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (lp sg1). the son had a severe pneumonia, whereas the father and the daughter did not develop any other illness than mild and transient fever. a fourth member, the mother, remained seronegative. lp sg1 was detected by a direct immunofluorescence test in water samples from the shower at home, in tap water in the family's butcher shop, and in condensation wate ... | 1988 | 3222665 |
| legionella pneumophila: initial detection through evaluation of giemsa-stained smears of a bronchial aspirate. | the presence of legionella species in a bronchial aspirate was strongly suspected by the visualization on giemsa-stained smears of slender violaceous intra- and extracellular bacilli despite the absence of fluorescence on smears stained with l. pneumophila serogroup 1 conjugate. subsequently, cultures of the aspirate grew l. pneumophila reactive with serogroup 6 fluorescein-conjugated antibody. | 1988 | 3224497 |
| characteristics of anti-legionella antibodies in patients infected with legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 6, and 10. | nosocomial infections with legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 10 in the leiden university hospital and infections with l. pneumophila serogroup 6 in neighboring hospitals gave us an opportunity to study the development of opsonizing antibodies against l. pneumophila serogroups 1, 6, and 10 in the serum of 13 patients. seven of these patients were infected with l. pneumophila serogroup 1, two were infected with serogroup 6, and four were infected with serogroup 10. the opsonic cross-reactivi ... | 1988 | 3235666 |
| growth of legionella pneumophila in a human macrophage-like (u937) cell line. | we established a model of the bacteria-macrophage interaction to study the cellular basis of legionella pneumophila pathogenesis and to characterize avirulent l. pneumophila. we found that u937 cells, which are derived from a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, support intracellular growth of l. pneumophila with a doubling time of 6 h, and that sustained intracellular growth is associated with a cytopathic effect (cpe) that can be detected by microscopic examination and quantified with the vit ... | 1988 | 3237054 |
| [epidemiology of bronchopulmonary hospital infections]. | hospital acquired infections (hai) represent one of the major problems, due to their elevated frequency and high number of fatal cases, in the control of infectious diseases. with the perspective to evaluate the incidence of bronchopulmonary infections and to determine their role as cause of death of hospitalized patients, as well as to identify the etiology and the associated risk factors, we have studied 105 autopsy cases of patients decreased in hospital. 37 patients had pneumonias, of which ... | 1988 | 3242560 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacy of fusafungine on legionella pneumophila. | 1988 | 3244983 | |
| [clinical features of an outbreak of legionella pneumophila in students at a college in tangshan city]. | 1988 | 3250748 | |
| comparative in vitro activities of new 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides. | the in vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides were compared with that of erythromycin. in general, 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and flurithromycin were more active against streptococci and bordetella pertussis than was the 15-membered macrolide azithromycin, which was more active than 16-membered macrolides such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. clarithromycin was the most active compound against streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci, listeria ... | 1988 | 3252753 |
| growth of legionella pneumophila in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from a/j mice. | legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium which readily grows in cultures of guinea pig and human mononuclear phagocytes. in this report, we demonstrate that the legionella sp. also grows in thioglycolate-elicited macrophages obtained from a/j mice but not in cells from other mouse strains tested, such as bdf1, dba/2, c3h/hen, c57bl/6, and balb/c. growth of listeria monocytogenes and interleukin-1 production in a/j mice were similar to their growth and production in other s ... | 1988 | 3257460 |
| lysis of murine macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens by interleukin 2-activated killer (lak) cells in vitro. | to determine if murine lymphocytes activated by interleukin 2 (il-2) were cytotoxic against syngeneic elicited peritoneal macrophages (m phi) infected with intracellular pathogens, splenocytes that had been cultured with il-2 for 5 or 10 days were studied in vitro. these cells, [lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells] showed significantly greater cytotoxicity against m phi infected with leishmania major or legionella pneumophila than against uninfected m phi. preferential cytotoxicity against i ... | 1988 | 3259166 |
| interaction of legionella pneumophila with peritoneal macrophages from various mouse strains. | 1988 | 3264454 | |
| [nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila at sagunto hospital. epidemiology and preventive measures]. | 1988 | 3273872 | |
| prevalence of antibody to legionella pneumophila in aborigines and non-aborigines in western australia. | three hundred and sixty-two sera were examined by the legionella pneumophila indirect fluorescent antibody test, with serogroups 1 to 6 as antigens. three age- and sex-matched population groups were tested: 200 non-aborigines from perth; 100 aborigines from the kimberley region; and 62 aborigines from jiggalong mission in the pilbara region. each population group was composed of 50% male and 50% female subjects, all within the age range of 20 to 40 years. the seropositivity rate for serogroup 1 ... | 1988 | 3275862 |
| applications of computerized microscopic image analysis in infectious diseases. | advances in computerized microscopy have resulted in image analysis systems that rapidly and precisely measure various aspects of cellular morphology and physiology. these systems-composed of a microscope and attached photomultiplier tube or camera, an image processor, and a computer-have been used to measure lysosomal enzymes, ph, and calcium within phagocytes; to detect viral nucleic acids in in situ hybridization preparations; and to quantitate rates of cellular movement. these experiments ha ... | 1988 | 3281225 |
| a review of legionella pneumophila in horses and some south african serological results. | an examination of the sera of 329 horses for l. pneumophila antibodies revealed a much lower exposure rate than that reported in the united states of america. further serological investigations of persons closely associated with a sero-positive horse indicated that the horse could not be considered to be a source of infection but that both humans and animals were probably exposed to a common source of infection. the results showed that 192/329 (58.4%) of the sera tested negative, 114/329 (34.7%) ... | 1988 | 3283362 |
| [mitogenic effect of legionella pneumophila: the ratio of proliferating t- and b-cells changes after immunization]. | the splenic lymphocyte proliferative response of guinea-pigs immunized with l. pneumophila antigen (alp) was studied. the immune animals were shown to express enhanced reactivity in response to e. coli lipopolysaccharide, as compared to the controls, while the response to concanavalin a was markedly decreased. after 3 days in the culture alp induced a significant nonspecific lymphocyte transformation that was expressed to a similar degree in both experimental and control group. however, after a ... | 1988 | 3289628 |
| simultaneous infection with cryptococcus neoformans and legionella pneumophila. in vivo expression of common defects in cell-mediated immunity. | we describe 3 patients with simultaneous infection by cryptococcus neoformans and legionella pneumophila. legionnaires' disease (pneumonia) occurred shortly after onset of cryptococcal meningitis in a cardiac transplant patient receiving ciclosporin, a second patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a third patient with hodgkin's disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. defects in cell-mediated immunity have been identified in patients with hematologic malignancies and in those who have rec ... | 1988 | 3293133 |
| legionella prosthetic-valve endocarditis. | since 1982 seven patients at stanford university medical center have been shown to have prosthetic-valve endocarditis caused by legionella pneumophila or l. dumoffii. we studied the clinical features of legionella endocarditis at the time of diagnosis and performed a case-control study to analyze risk factors for the infection. all patients with endocarditis had a chronic course (3 to 19 months after surgery) of fever, night sweats, weight loss, and anemia, but no embolic events or immune-comple ... | 1988 | 3340136 |
| purification, partial characterization, and seroreactivity of a genuswide 60-kilodalton legionella protein antigen. | a genuswide protein antigen extracted from legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (strain philadelphia 1) cells was enriched by differential pelleting and ammonium sulfate precipitation and subsequently purified with a combination of high-performance size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. the protein has an apparent molecular weight of 650,000 before and 63,000 after urea (5 m) treatment, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. these proteins resolved to a single band of 60,000 afte ... | 1988 | 3343316 |
| legionella pneumophila serogroup 14 isolated from patients with fatal pneumonia. | two legionella-like organisms, one isolated from postmortem lung tissue and the other from a bronchial aspirate, were shown by growth, physiologic, and genetic characteristics to belong to the species legionella pneumophila. subsequent serologic testing indicated that both strains belonged to a new serogroup, serogroup 14. | 1988 | 3343332 |
| comparison of molecular methods for subtyping patients and epidemiologically linked environmental isolates of legionella pneumophila. | we used the molecular techniques of monoclonal antibody typing, plasmid analysis, and outer membrane protein profiling to subtype 159 patients' and environmental (water distribution system) isolates of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from 18 institutions. the ability of these techniques to match patients' and epidemiologically linked environmental isolates from outbreaks of legionnaires' disease at seven institutions was also compared. two different panels of monoclonal antibodies (i and ii) ... | 1988 | 3343523 |
| monoclonal antibody reactivity as a virulence marker for legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strains. | using a panel of nine monoclonal antibodies, we subgrouped 85 environmental and 129 clinical legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from paris, france. patients were unlikely to be epidemiologically linked either with each other or with the 44 sampled environmental sites (14 air conditioning systems and 30 buildings) that were selected at random in the paris area. according to their monoclonal antibody patterns, isolates belonged to 14 subgroups. monoclonal antibody 2 recognized 121 (93.8%) ... | 1988 | 3343524 |
| a-61827 (a-60969), a new fluoronaphthyridine with activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | a-61827 (a-60969 is the hydrochloric salt of a-61827) is a new aryl-fluoronaphthyridine which is active against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. the mics of a-61827 for 90% of strains (mic90) of staphylococci and streptococci were less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml and were generally 1 to 4 twofold dilutions less than those of ciprofloxacin for these bacteria. the mic90s of a-61827 for members of the family enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa were also less than or equal to 1 microgra ... | 1988 | 3348609 |
| effects of polymorphonuclear leucocyte depletion on the pathogenesis of experimental legionnaires' disease. | guinea-pigs were depleted of circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) by administration of anti-polymorph serum. groups of animals were then infected by aerosols containing different doses of legionella pneumophila and the effects compared with those in intact infected controls. elimination of pmn lowered the dose of l. pneumophila necessary to establish infection, increased bacterial numbers in the lungs and caused much higher mortality. it did not change the nature or extent of pulmonary ... | 1988 | 3348954 |
| persistent legionella pneumophila bacteraemia in an immunocompromised host. | 1988 | 3351320 | |
| legionnaires' disease associated with a hospital water system. a five-year progress report on continuous hyperchlorination. | in 1981, sixteen cases of nosocomial legionellosis occurred among 456 patients admitted to a new hematology-oncology unit (35 per 1000 admissions). monoclonal antibody typing and restriction endonuclease plasmid analysis identified a unique strain (09,04) of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolated from both patients and water outlets. continuous hyperchlorination of the hot and cold water began in january 1982, and chlorine levels of 3 to 5 mg/l have been maintained most recently. water samp ... | 1988 | 3352131 |
| factors predisposing to legionella pneumophila colonization in residential water systems. | fifty-five homes in the pittsburgh area were surveyed for the presence of legionella pneumophila colonization. hot water tanks, faucets, and showerheads were sampled. six homes yielded legionella pneumophila within the water distribution system. lower water temperatures (less than 48.8 degrees c) within the hot water system were significantly associated with the presence of l. pneumophila colonization. a similar association was found for electric heaters; however, this association may be an indi ... | 1988 | 3355245 |
| thirteenth serogroup of legionella pneumophila isolated from patients with pneumonia. | a legionella-like organism (strain 82a3105; atcc 43736) was isolated from a lung aspirate taken from a patient with pneumonia. results of physiologic, gas-liquid chromatographic, genetic, and serologic tests showed that strain 82a3105 and four additional clinical isolates belong to a new legionella pneumophila serogroup, serogroup 13. | 1988 | 3356793 |
| lung function changes following legionnaires' disease. | eleven out of thirteen patients hospitalized because of severe pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila were evaluated over a period of 53 months. during the acute phase, all but one patient manifested severe hypoxaemia, needing either supplementary oxygen or, in the case of three, mechanical ventilation and one died. following recovery, two patients complained of mild shortness of breath alone. however, most of the individuals showed subclinical mild to moderate ventilatory and/or gas exchang ... | 1988 | 3360087 |
| [characteristics of the cytolysin of legionella pneumophila]. | a thermolabile cytolysin was purified from liquid culture of l. pneumophila. its homogenicity was determined by the ouchterlony double immunodiffusion and sds-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. the molecular weight of cytolysin was ca. 37 kda. analysis of amino acid composition revealed a high proportion of aromatic, dicarbonic amino acids, and methionine. the minimal cytolytic concentration for cho cells and erythrocytes was ca. 1 microgram/ml: purified cytolysin in doses of 10-60 microgram ... | 1988 | 3364078 |
| the early diagnosis of legionnaires' disease in a legionella pneumophila aerosol-infected guinea pig model; comparison of a method developed for detecting legionella pneumophila antigens in urine and the demonstration of circulating antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the appearance of legionella pneumophila antigen in the urine of guinea-pig with experimental airborne legionnaires' disease was investigated and compared with that of emerging antibody by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. models with high dose (acute) and low dose (chronic) infection were studied. antigen was detected after 40 h in the high dose group but animals died (at 3 days) before an antibody response could be elicited. in the low dose group, antigen was detected 4 days after infe ... | 1988 | 3367056 |
| legionella pneumophila. | 1988 | 3369794 | |
| isolation and characterization of auxotrophic mutants of legionella pneumophila that fail to multiply in human monocytes. | attempts to isolate auxotrophic mutants of legionella pneumophila have been hampered by the complex nutritional composition of the media used to cultivate this organism. we developed a semidefined medium, designated caa, to facilitate the isolation and characterization of legionella auxotrophs. unlike previously described chemically defined media for this organism, l. pneumophila formed colonies on caa agar. using this medium, we isolated several independent tryptophan auxotrophs of strain phila ... | 1988 | 3372016 |
| differentiation of serologically related serogroups of legionella pneumophila. | immune sera of different laboratory animals were studied in comparative tests for their differentiating ability in respect of closely related serogroups of legionella pneumophila. strains of serogroups 3 and 6, not distinguishable using rabbit sera, were found to be easily differentiated by mouse immune sera. guinea pig and hamster sera revealed a lower differentiating ability. concerning the differentiation of serogroups 5 and 8 none of the tested animals produced group-specific antibodies only ... | 1988 | 3376621 |
| effects of three oxidizing biocides on legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. | a study was conducted to determine the bactericidal effects of ozone and hydrogen peroxide relative to that of free chlorine on legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. in laboratory batch-type experiments, organisms seeded at various densities were exposed to different concentrations of these biocides in demand-free buffers. bactericidal effects were measured by determining the ability of l. pneumophila to grow on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar supplemented with alpha-ketoglutarate. ozone was ... | 1988 | 3377492 |
| the incidence of legionella pneumophila as the cause of acute ambulatory lower respiratory tract infection. | seventy-nine ambulatory patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection were evaluated for legionella pneumophila by acute and convalescent antibody titers. none of the patients met the traditional criteria for the diagnosis of acute infection caused by legionella pneumophila. currently accepted criteria for diagnosing legionellosis by serologic means may or may not be applicable to mild respiratory tract infections. | 1988 | 3379365 |
| fatal legionnaires' pneumonia: frequency of legionellosis in autopsied patients with pneumonia from 1969 to 1985. | in 89 of 3027 (2.9 per cent) patients in whom pneumonia was found at autopsy during the period from 1969 to 1985, legionella pneumonia was diagnosed. legionellae were demonstrated through the direct fluorescent antibody test by screening lung tissue sections. all 89 cases were caused by legionella pneumophila. suspicious typical rod-shaped organisms were demonstrated in all cases by the modified dieterle stain whereas conventional histological stains failed to detect causative bacteria. the freq ... | 1988 | 3379516 |
| simultaneous infections with different serogroups of legionella pneumophila investigated by routine methods and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | simultaneous infections with different legionella spp. have rarely been described in the literature. we now report on seven sporadic cases of legionellosis of which three were simultaneous infections caused by multiple legionella pneumophila serogroups. four different legionellae were involved. l. pneumophila serogroup 1, two different types of l. pneumophila serogroup 4, and l. pneumophila serogroup 10 have been identified simultaneously from a lung tissue specimen of one patient. specimens fro ... | 1988 | 3384922 |
| an outbreak of legionellosis (legionella pneumophila subgroup 1) among dutch tourists in spain. | 1988 | 3393255 | |
| cefetamet pivoxil: bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of the free acid against 355 gram-negative rods. | the in vitro activity of the free acid of cefetamet pivoxil (ro 15-8075) was tested against 355 clinical isolates, namely enteropathogenic bacteria, glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods (excluding pseudomonas aeruginosa) and legionella pneumophila. ceftriaxone was included in the study as reference compound. although the free acid of the orally active cephalosporin was generally weaker than ceftriaxone, it inhibited 88.2% and 94.5% of enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae at a concentration ... | 1988 | 3403040 |
| serological reaction to legionella pneumophila group 4 in a patient with q fever. | 1988 | 3404000 | |
| [new fluorescent substrates for metalloendopeptidases with internal quenching of fluorescence]. | p-nitroanilides of antranyloyltripeptides of the general structure abz-ala-ala-p'1-pna (p'1 = phe, leu, ile, val) containing intramolecularly quenched fluorescent groups (abz is a fluorogenic group and pna is a quencher of fluorescence) were prepared by combination of chemical and enzymatic methods. thermolysin and metalloproteinases from legionella pneumophila and thermoactinomyces species were shown to hydrolyse ala-p'1 bond of the peptides with simultaneous 4-7 fold increase in fluorescence. ... | 1988 | 3422002 |
| a sensitive method of detecting proteins on dot and western blots using a monoclonal antibody to fitc. | monoclonal antibodies to fitc were produced and shown to be specific for the fluorochrome. molecular weight marker proteins labelled with fitc could be detected after sds-page and transfer onto nitrocellulose using anti-fitc followed by an anti-mouse igg-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. the molecular weight of an antigen common to legionella pneumophila and recognised by a monoclonal antibody could be determined accurately on a western blot when fitc labelled markers were used as internal standar ... | 1988 | 3126242 |
| role of gamma interferon in induction of natural killer activity by legionella pneumophila in vitro and in an experimental murine infection model. | legionella pneumophila has been shown to induce gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) both in vitro and in vivo during experimental infections of mice. with complement-mediated serologic depletion of murine splenocytes, the cellular sources of ifn-gamma following in vitro stimulation with l. pneumophila antigens were thy-1.2+, lyt-2-, l3t4-, and asialo-gm1+, which is consistent with the natural killer (nk) cell phenotype. additionally, percoll density discontinuous centrifugation demonstrated that maxima ... | 1988 | 3128479 |
| ifn-gamma-activated human alveolar macrophages inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila. | human alveolar macrophages activated by human rifn-gamma inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila, an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the agent of legionnaires' disease. activation of alveolar macrophages with ifn-gamma is dose dependent; significant inhibition of l. pneumophila multiplication (mean 1.60 +/- 0.20 logs) is achieved consistently with concentrations of ifn-gamma of greater than or equal to 2 x 10(-2) micrograms/ml (220 u/ml). activation of alveolar ma ... | 1988 | 3131422 |
| false positive legionella pneumophila direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody test caused by bacillus cereus spores. | direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody stain testing for legionella pneumophila in oklahoma lake water yielded an unknown bacillus with fluorescence intensity equal to that of l. pneumophila stock strains. the organism in question was identified as bacillus cereus, a ubiquitous bacterium. when b. cereus cultures were studied, fluorescence was seen in spores but not in vegetative cells. since a positive immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody test (alone) might be considered by some individua ... | 1988 | 3133155 |
| experimental studies of detection and processing of legionella spp. in public drinking water supplies. | studies were conducted to improve the detection and processing of legionella spp. in public drinking water supplies. the survival of legionellas was the best in tap water samples, stored at 4 degrees c. comparing investigations showed that the most cells could be recovered from glassware whereas plastics adsorbed legionellas up to 80-90 percent on their surfaces. a method of enrichment and isolation of legionellas from large volumes of tap water samples was developed using precipitation by fe(oh ... | 1988 | 3134773 |
| interferon-gamma and antibiotics fail to act synergistically to kill legionella pneumophila in human monocytes. | legionella pneumophila, the agent of legionnaires' disease, is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that multiplies in human blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)-activated human monocytes inhibit the intracellular multiplication of l. pneumophila but fail to kill the organism. similarly, erythromycin and rifampin, the drugs of choice in the treatment of legionnaires' disease, inhibit the growth of l. pneumophila within monocytes without e ... | 1988 | 3137275 |
| [studies of the effect of antimicrobials encapsulated in liposomes in the treatment of experimental infection due to legionella pneumophila and listeria monocytogenes]. | 1988 | 3138320 | |
| differences in lipopolysaccharide profiles of serologically identical legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 strains. | over five years 18 strains of legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 were isolated in amsterdam from the hot water supply in three hospitals and from one patient. immunodiffusion and immunoblot procedures showed that these strains were identical. profiles of isolated lipopolysaccharides from the 18 strains and the reference serogroup 6 strain were visualised in polyacrylamide gels stained with silver. four strains from hospital a, isolated in 1982, 1984, and 1985 displayed similar lipopolysaccharide ... | 1988 | 3139716 |
| [microbial contamination of water by pipe and tubing material. 2. growth of legionella pneumophila]. | in the 1st communication it was possible to show that some hoses and insufficiently cleaned high grade steel pipe can produce a microbial growth. the growth-promoting effect of materials in the water distribution system for legionella pneumophila has been discussed before. in this investigation it was tested how l. pneumophila behaves in pipes and hoses with narrow diameter, at temperatures from 35 degrees c to 40 degrees c and over a time of half a year. l. pneumophila could be found in high nu ... | 1988 | 3140536 |
| cytokine activation of antibacterial activity in human pulmonary macrophages: comparison of recombinant interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | we examined the ability of two recombinant human cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhu-gm-csf) and interferon-gamma (rhu-ifn-gamma) to activate antibacterial mechanisms in human pulmonary macrophages (pm) and peripheral blood monocytes (pbm). growth of legionella pneumophila (lp) was assessed in pm or pbm which had been exposed to either rhu-ifn-gamma (500-1000 u/ml) or rhu-gm-csf (1 to 10,000 u/ml). in both pm and pbm exposed to 500 u/ml rhu-ifn-gamma, growth of lp wa ... | 1988 | 3143484 |
| inhibition of legionella pneumophila multiplication within human macrophages by fleroxacin. | the susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to a new quinolone, fleroxacin, was studied in both an extra- and an intracellular system. the activity of fleroxacin was compared with that of erythromycin, cefoxitin, and rifampicin. in the extracellular system, erythromycin inhibited while cefoxitin killed the organism. extracellularly, fleroxacin performed similarly to cefoxitin. rifampicin was initially bactericidal for l. pneumophila but resistant bacteria emerged at 48 h. the horwitz monocyte m ... | 1988 | 3144549 |
| direct detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen in clinical specimens by a monoclonal antibody immunoblot assay. | throat swabs from patients with pharyngitis and sputum specimens from patients with atypical pneumonia were tested for the presence of a mycoplasma pneumoniae polypeptide with a molecular weight of 43,000 with the use of an m. pneumoniae species-specific monoclonal antibody in an immunoblot assay. this 43,000-dalton polypeptide was detectable in 33 of 33 throat swabs from patients with pharyngitis that were positive for m. pneumoniae by conventional culture as well as a culture-amplified enzyme ... | 1988 | 3122558 |
| comparative in-vitro activities of a-56268 (te-031) and erythromycin against 306 clinical isolates. | the inhibitory (mic) and bactericidal (mbc) activities of a new macrolide a-56268 (te-031) against 306 clinical aerobic bacterial isolates was compared with that of erythromycin. the mic90/mbc90 ratios for a-56268 were: campylobacter jejuni 4/16, haemophilus influenzae 8/8-16, h. parainfluenzae 8/8-16, legionella pneumophila 0.06/0.5, methicillin-sensitive isolates of staphylococcus aureus 0.5/1, and coagulase negative staphylococci 1/8, methicillin resistant isolates of staph. aureus and coagul ... | 1988 | 2968968 |
| in vitro activities of azithromycin (cp 62,993), clarithromycin (a-56268; te-031), erythromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin. | the in vitro activity of azithromycin (cp 62,993 or xz-450) against haemophilus influenzae was greater than that of three other macrolides. however, azithromycin was four- to eightfold less active than erythromycin against the gram-positive cocci and against listeria monocytogenes. erythromycin and azithromycin were similar in their activity against legionella pneumophila, neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, and branhamella catarrhalis. | 1988 | 2840016 |
| similar dna restriction endonuclease profiles in strains of legionella pneumophila from different serogroups. | dna of strains of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 3, 4, and 6, isolated from patients and environmental sources, was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea). major differences in profiles enabled subtyping in many strains with the same serogroup antigen. however, a cluster of l. pneumophila strains, originating from all the examined serogroups, had similar restriction endonuclease profiles, sometimes with minor differences. this suggests that the genetic similarity between strai ... | 1988 | 2846649 |
| interactions of virulent and avirulent legionella pneumophila with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | isogenic virulent/avirulent variants of legionella pneumophila (lp) were examined in vitro for their effect on pmn function as determined by measurement of peak chemiluminescence and superoxide anion production. when exposed to virulent/avirulent strains of lp, pmn function was less than that seen following exposure to e. coli, the reduction of the oxidative burst being more pronounced with virulent lp strains in both assays. to determine whether differences in reduced pmn function correlate wit ... | 1988 | 2854187 |
| genetics of legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of entering and growing in a variety of phagocytic cells including free-living amoebae as well as alveolar macrophages and monocytes. a genetic analysis of l. pneumophila should facilitate the identification of bacterial factors that promote the intracellular lifestyle of this organism. | 1988 | 2856299 |
| characterization and mapping of the agrocinopine-agrocin 84 locus on the nopaline ti plasmid ptic58. | overlapping segments of ptic58 inserted into cosmid vectors were used to characterize the agrocinopine-agrocin 84 locus from the nopaline/agrocinopine a and b agrobacterium tumefaciens strain c58. all of the clones conferring agrocin 84 sensitivity on agrobacteria also conferred uptake of agrocin 84 and agrocinopines a and b. transposon tn3-hoho1 insertion mutations of one such clone were generated that simultaneously abolished agrocin 84 sensitivity and transport of agrocinopines a and b and ag ... | 1988 | 2832379 |
| limitations of flow cytometry for the specific detection of bacteria in mixed populations. | flow immunofluorescence (fif) techniques were established for the specific detection of the bacteria escherichia coli, legionella pneumophila and bacillus anthracis spores after staining with fluorescein-conjugated antibacterial antibody. for each bacterial type, a comparison was made of gating on narrow forward angle (nfa) light scatter and on the red fluorescence (red flu) signal available from staining with the nucleic acid dye propidium iodide. no universal gating method was found, since bac ... | 1988 | 2448382 |
| common epitope on the lipopolysaccharide of legionella pneumophila recognized by a monoclonal antibody. | serogroup-specificity of legionella pneumophila is related to lipopolysaccharide (lps), and few cross-reactions between serogroups have been observed with rabbit or monkey antisera. c57bl/6 mice were sequentially immunized with crude outer membrane fractions of l. pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 7, legionella bozemanii, and legionella micdadei. spleen cells from these mice were then fused with the sp2-0/ag14 mouse myeloma cell line. outer membrane-rich fractions and lps were prepared from l. pn ... | 1988 | 2454935 |
| [cytolysin as an immunoserological marker of legionella pneumophila]. | coagglutination test (coat), radioimmunoassay (ria) and elisa were used for detection of cytolysin produced by l. pneumophila. the sensitivity of ria was 100 ng/ml, coat--10-20 ng/ml, elisa--1 ng/ml. to determine cytolysin production among various strains and species of legionella, the authors studied bacterial ultrasonic lysates. all 11 strains of l. pneumophila tested were cytolysin-positive. l. longbeachae, l. bozemanii and l. dumoffii strains failed to produce cytolysin. the authors believe ... | 1988 | 2458000 |
| immunologic diversity among serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila urinary antigens demonstrated by monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | we tested urine specimens from 222 patients with serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila pneumonia in two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) which used different monoclonal antibodies (a and b) as detector antibodies. of 171 specimens which contained enough antigen to be detected in the elisas, 169 reacted in only one of the two assays. a total of 25 patients whose infections were acquired in any of three indianapolis hospitals excreted antigen reactive with monoclonal antibody b, but 18 pat ... | 1988 | 2460492 |
| identification of species of the genus legionella using a cloned rrna gene from legionella pneumophila. | a cloned ecori fragment from legionella pneumophila, which includes 16s and 23s rrna genes, was used to identify bacteria belonging to the genus legionella by hybridization to a series of species specific restriction fragments. examination of the type strains of 28 species of legionellae gave different band patterns in every case. when further isolates of these species were tested the patterns obtained were usually either identical, or very similar, to those of the respective type strains. thirt ... | 1988 | 2473164 |
| [levels of anti-legionella antibodies in a healthy neapolitan population]. | legionella pneumophila was firstly recognized as the causative agent of a serious pneumonia about a decade ago. since then a number of studies was carried out in order to define the epidemiological and clinical features of the microorganism. so far a high variability of the geographic distribution of the infection has been reported, with prevalences up to 50% of healthy populations. therefore, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out on prevalence of legionella pneumophila infections among h ... | 1989 | 2483635 |
| [old and new pathologies proposed by epidemiology]. | the results of a study made in the areas of central italy on a random community on the significant presence of cases with seroantibodies against campylobacter, yersinia, legionella pneumophila, francisella tularensis and rotavirus confirm the hypothesis on the presence in the territory of microorganisms responsible. these positivities in man are not only single but also contemporaneous for at least two microorganisms. hence the hypothesis of the presence in the environment (animals, soil, surfac ... | 1989 | 2490401 |
| [direct immunofluorescence. its usefulness in the diagnosis of legionella pneumophila infections]. | 1989 | 2490647 | |
| interferon gamma-activated human monocytes downregulate transferrin receptors and inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila by limiting the availability of iron. | we have investigated the role of iron in the intracellular biology of legionella pneumophila in human monocytes and in the effector arm of cell-mediated immune defense against this intracellular bacterial pathogen. to determine if l. pneumophila intracellular multiplication is iron dependent, we studied the effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine on l. pneumophila infection of monocytes. deferoxamine at 15 microm completely inhibited l. pneumophila intracellular multiplication. the inhibitory e ... | 1989 | 2496141 |
| coumamidines, new broad spectrum antibiotics of the cinodine type. iii. microbiologic activity of coumamidine gamma 1. | the coumamidines are novel antibiotics with activity against a wide spectrum of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. all microbiological studies were performed on coumamidine gamma 1. the mic90s (micrograms/ml) of coumamidine are as follows: staphylococcus aureus 1.0, streptococcus pyogenes 8, enterobacteriaceae 2.0, pseudomonas aeruginosa 8, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli 1, legionella pneumophila 8, haemophilus influenzae 0.5, neisseria gonorrhoeae 0.5. coumamidine ha ... | 1989 | 2498268 |
| induction of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor by legionella pneumophila: augmentation of human neutrophil bactericidal activity. | we have previously reported that legionella pneumophila antigens can induce interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in vitro and in vivo in mice. furthermore, treatment of murine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) cultures with these cytokines resulted in augmented killing of the bacteria in vitro. the purpose of the present study was to determine if these findings could be extended to human responses. here we report that legionella antigens induced ifn-gamma and tnf in nonim ... | 1989 | 2498451 |
| [cytolytic activity of legionella pneumophila]. | the properties of cytolysin and metalloproteinase purified by different methods have been studied. the physico-chemical properties of these proteins, including their molecular weight, immunodiffusion patterns, the degree of inhibition by edta and diethyl pyrocarbonate, amino acid composition, cytolytic and proteolytic activity, have proved to be similar. we have come to the conclusion that cytolysin and metalloproteinase have similar composition and metalloproteinase activity determines the cyto ... | 1989 | 2499140 |
| [a case of legionnaires' disease associated with rhabdomyolysis]. | legionnaires' disease is primarily a respiratory disorder, but recently several cases with extrapulmonary manifestations are reported. we report a case of legionnaires' disease associated with pneumonia, diarrhea, central nerve disorders and rhabdomyolysis. the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis in legionnaires' disease remains speculative. endotoxin isolated from legionella pneumophila may play a role in the pathogenesis of the myonecrosis. an additional factor that might contribute to rhabdomyolys ... | 1989 | 2501424 |
| [legionella dumoffii and legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 isolated from 2 cases of fulminant pneumonia]. | we encountered two cases of legionella pneumonia which ran a dramatic course and isolated legionella dumoffii from one patient and legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 from the other patient. the patient from whom l. dumoffii was isolated was a 59-year-old male with no basic disease. he presented chill, fever, coughing and other symptoms, starting on july 3, 1986, his disease was diagnosed as pneumonia at the clinic of his company. the patient was then introduced and admitted to our hospital. on a ... | 1989 | 2507680 |
| legionella pneumophila: laboratory diagnosis in developing countries like pakistan. | three hundred random sputum samples were collected for analysis from cases of mild to severe respiratory infections and screened for legionella pneumophila by both the culture method and also the direct fluorescent antigen test. in one third of the cases, blood specimen was also collected and screened for legionella serum antibodies. with the direct fluorescent test it was possible to identify legionella in 9% of the samples while the culture gave positive results in 4.3% of cases. diagnostic an ... | 1989 | 2511345 |
| inhibition of human natural killer cell activity by legionella pneumophila protease. | the present study was undertaken to define the effect of legionella pneumophila protease on natural killer (nk) cell function in vitro. lysis of target cells by human nk cells was determined using a 51cr-release assay. the protease inhibited the nk cell cytolytic activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. the inhibitory effect of the protease was not affected by alpha interferon or interleukin 2. legionella pneumophila protease partly inhibited the binding of effector cells to targe ... | 1989 | 2513201 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children based on antibody responses to bacterial and viral antigens. | the serologic responses to bacterial and viral antigens were determined in paired serum samples from 336 children, ages 1 month to 15 years, with roentgenographically verified community-acquired pneumonia. significant increases in antibodies against one agent were found in 40% and against two or more agents in 8% of the children. there were significant increases in antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in 20%, viruses of the influenza-parainfluenza group in 6% and adenovirus in 3%. a se ... | 1989 | 2516622 |
| susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to eight antimicrobial agents including four macrolides under different assay conditions. | a comparison of agar dilution and microdilution susceptibility testing for eight antimicrobial agents, including roxithromycin, was performed against 48 isolates of legionella pneumophila. for agar dilution tests, charcoal free agar (bsye) and charcoal supplemented agar (bcye) were used. in general, bsye agar produced lower mics than bcye agar, except for imipenem. microdilution testing data fell between the data obtained for the two agar media. the mbcs were two to sixteen fold higher than the ... | 1989 | 2526110 |
| a new macrolide, te-031 (a-56268), in treatment of experimental legionnaires' disease. | the activity of a new macrolide, te-031 (a-56268), against legionella pneumophila in vitro was superior to the activities of roxithromycin, erythromycin and josamycin. the tissue concentrations of te-031 in guinea pigs after oral administration (20 mg/kg) was much higher than those of roxithromycin, erythromycin and josamycin. the maximum concentration of te-031 was 107.0 mg/kg in the lung, and 1.4 mg/l in the serum. the uptake of macrolides by cells collected by bronchoalveolar lavage in guinea ... | 1989 | 2530201 |
| analysis of a cloned sequence of legionella pneumophila encoding a 38 kd metalloprotease possessing haemolytic and cytotoxic activities. | the dna encoding the zinc metalloprotease of legionella pneumophila philadelphia 1 has been isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. this protein, which is 38,000 daltons in size, possesses immunological and biochemical properties identical to those previously described for the purified l. pneumophila protease. periplasmic extracts of e. coli clones expressing the recombinant protease are also capable of causing the haemolysis of canine erythrocytes and the cytotoxic destruction of cho cells. ... | 1989 | 2546010 |
| application of numerical systematics to the phenotypic differentiation of legionellae. | a total of 163 strains, including 106 strains of legionella pneumophila, 28 strains of tatlockia micdadei, and 29 strains of other legionellae (including members of the proposed genus fluoribacter), were studied. ten tests which together could distinguish the genera previously proposed were identified. these tests included catalase-peroxidase, gelatinase, hippurate hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, medium browning, acetoin production, oxidase, medium fluorescence, colony fluorescence, and the bromc ... | 1989 | 2550514 |
| interaction of azithromycin and human phagocytic cells. uptake of the antibiotic and the effect on the survival of ingested bacteria in phagocytes. | 14c-labeled azithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, was accumulated by various phagocytic cells isolated from volunteers or patients. the concentration of the antibiotic in monocytes, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmnls), and alveolar macrophages was greater than that in the surrounding medium by a factor of between 200 and 668. azithromycin penetrated somewhat more rapidly into pmnls and monocytes than into alveolar macrophages. on the other hand the final concentration in the alveolar macrop ... | 1989 | 2551303 |