Publications

are working hours more frightening than swine flu?		2009	19417043
towards a sane and rational approach to management of influenza h1n1 2009.	beginning in march 2009, an outbreak of influenza in north america was found to be caused by a new strain of influenza virus, designated influenza h1n1 2009, which is a reassortant of swine, avian and human influenza viruses. over a thousand total cases were identified with the first month, chiefly in the united states and mexico, but also involving several european countries. actions concerning influenza h1n1 2009 need to be based on fact and science, following recommendations of public health ...	2009	19422701
the origin of the recent swine influenza a(h1n1) virus infecting humans.	preliminary analysis of the genome of the new h1n1 influenza a virus responsible for the current pandemic indicates that all genetic segments are related closest to those of common swine influenza viruses.	2009	19422769
swine flu outbreak. out of mexico? scientists ponder swine flu's origins.		2009	19423781
swine flu outbreak. devilish dilemmas surround pandemic flu vaccine.		2009	19423782
swine flu outbreak. what role for antiviral drugs?		2009	19423784
emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in humans.	on april 15 and april 17, 2009, novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) was identified in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the united states. the same strain of the virus was identified in mexico, canada, and elsewhere. we describe 642 confirmed cases of human s-oiv infection identified from the rapidly evolving u.s. outbreak.	2009	19423869
implications of the emergence of a novel h1 influenza virus.		2009	19423870
triple-reassortant swine influenza a (h1) in humans in the united states, 2005-2009.	triple-reassortant swine influenza a (h1) viruses--containing genes from avian, human, and swine influenza viruses--emerged and became enzootic among pig herds in north america during the late 1990s.	2009	19423871
safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of poxvirus-based vector vaccines expressing the haemagglutinin gene of a highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus in pigs.	this study investigates the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of different pox-vector vaccines expressing the haemagglutinin of a highly pathogenic (hp) h5n1 avian influenza virus (aiv) (a/chicken/indonesia/7/03) in pigs. pigs were vaccinated twice, with a 4-week interval, with a fowlpox (trovac), a canarypox (alvac), or a vaccinia (nyvac) vector vaccine combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, with the unadjuvanted nyvac, or left unvaccinated. six weeks after the second vaccination, all pigs w ...	2009	19428840
chief medical officer warns against complacency over swine flu.		2009	19429656
novel h1n1 influenza in people: global spread from an animal source?	richard irvine and ian brown of the veterinary laboratories agency discuss some epidemiological features of the novel h1n1 influenza virus that is currently causing concern among health authorities worldwide.	2009	19429933
vaccine-induced protection from egg production losses in commercial turkey breeder hens following experimental challenge with a triple-reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus.	infections of avian influenza virus (aiv) in turkey breeder hens can cause a decrease in both egg production and quality, resulting in significant production losses. in north carolina in 2003, a triple-reassortant h3n2 aiv containing human, swine, and avian gene segments was isolated from turkey breeder hens (a/turkey/nc/16108/03). this viral subtype was subsequently isolated from both turkeys and swine in ohio in 2004, and in minnesota in 2005, and was responsible for significant losses in turk ...	2009	19431997
swine influenza.		2009	19433408
industrial food animal production and global health risks: exploring the ecosystems and economics of avian influenza.	many emerging infectious diseases in human populations are associated with zoonotic origins. attention has often focused on wild animal reservoirs, but most zoonotic pathogens of recent concern to human health either originate in, or are transferred to, human populations from domesticated animals raised for human consumption. thus, the ecological context of emerging infectious disease comprises two overlapping ecosystems: the natural habitats and populations of wild animals, and the anthropogeni ...	2009	19437076
molecular detection of a novel human influenza (h1n1) of pandemic potential by conventional and real-time quantitative rt-pcr assays.	influenza a viruses are medically important viral pathogens that cause significant mortality and morbidity throughout the world. the recent emergence of a novel human influenza a virus (h1n1) poses a serious health threat. molecular tests for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed.	2009	19439731
april 2009: an outbreak of swine-origin influenza a(h1n1) virus with evidence for human-to-human transmission.	a swine-origin influenza a(h1n1) virus is currently responsible for an outbreak of infections in the human population, with laboratory-confirmed cases reported in several countries and clear evidence for human-to-human transmission. we provide a description of the outbreak at the end of april 2009, and a brief review of the zoonotic potential of swine influenza viruses.	2009	19442755
swine flue outbreak. flu researchers train sights on novel tricks of novel h1n1.		2009	19443758
swine flue outbreak. swine flu names evolving faster than swine flu itself.		2009	19443759
outbreak of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus infection - mexico, march-april 2009.	in march and early april 2009, mexico experienced outbreaks of respiratory illness and increased reports of patients with influenza-like illness (ili) in several areas of the country. on april 12, the general directorate of epidemiology (dge) reported an outbreak of ili in a small community in the state of veracruz to the pan american health organization (paho) in accordance with international health regulations. on april 17, a case of atypical pneumonia in oaxaca state prompted enhanced surveil ...	2009	19444150
swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus infections in a school - new york city, april 2009.	on april 24, 2009, cdc reported eight confirmed cases of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) infection in texas and california. the strain identified in u.s. patients was confirmed by cdc as genetically similar to viruses subsequently isolated from patients in mexico. since april 24, the number of cases in the united states and elsewhere has continued to rise. as of april 28, approximately half (45) of all u.s. cases of s-oiv infection had been confirmed among students and staff member ...	2009	19444151
amplification of four genes of influenza a viruses using a degenerate primer set in a one step rt-pcr method.	we designed a degenerate primer set that yielded full-length amplification of hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), matrix (m), and non-structural protein (nsp) genes of influenza a viruses in a single reaction mixture. these four genes were amplified from 15 ha (1-15) and 9 na (1-9) subtypes of influenza a viruses of avian (n=16) origin. in addition, 272 field isolates of avian origin were tested by this method. full-length amplification of ha, na, m, and nsp genes was obtained in 242 (88.9%) ...	2009	19447141
swine flu panic shows how little we really care.	i have to confess that when the first reports of swine flu started circulating, i did have a strong sense of déjà vu - after all, we've been here before. back in 2003, the world was under threat from another potentially lethal virus that began in an economically deprived part of the world among animal stocks and briefly (according to some anyway) threatened to turn into a global pandemic--avian flu.	2009	19448575
[panic pandemic?].		2009	19448748
an influenza smiley.		2009	19449215
characterization of a canadian mink h3n2 influenza a virus isolate genetically related to triple reassortant swine influenza virus.	in 2007, an h3n2 influenza a virus was isolated from canadian mink. this virus was found to be phylogenetically related to a triple reassortant influenza virus which emerged in canadian swine in 2005, but it is antigenically distinct. the transmission of the virus from swine to mink seems to have occurred following the feeding of animals with a ration composed of uncooked meat by-products of swine obtained from slaughterhouse facilities. serological analyses suggest that the mink influenza virus ...	2009	19116358
performance of a commercial swine influenza virus h1n1 and h3n2 antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in pigs experimentally infected with european influenza viruses.	the idexx swine influenza virus h1n1 and h3n2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are used worldwide, but their capacity to detect antibodies to european swine influenza viruses (sivs) has not been documented. a total of 313 well-defined sera from siv seronegative pigs and pigs experimentally infected with european sivs were used to compare the performance of both elisas and the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. the elisas largely failed to detect pigs that had been infected with h1 ...	2009	19139506
reverse genetics-generated elastase-dependent swine influenza viruses are attenuated in pigs.	influenza a virus causes significant morbidity in swine, resulting in a substantial economic burden. swine influenza virus (siv) infection also poses important human public health concerns. it has been shown that conversion of the haemagglutinin (ha) cleavage site from a trypsin-sensitive motif to an elastase-sensitive motif resulted in attenuated viruses in mouse models. however, application of this attenuation approach in a natural host has not been achieved yet. here, we report that using rev ...	2009	19141446
genetic correlation between h3n2 human and swine influenza viruses.	h3n2 is one of the main subtypes of influenza virus which circulates in human and swine population throughout the world.	2009	19083267
further evidence for infection of pigs with human-like h1n1 influenza viruses in china.	classical swine and avian-like h1n1 influenza viruses were reported widely in swine population worldwide, but human-like h1n1 swine viruses were reported occasionally. in 2006, a human-like h1n1 swine virus (a/swine/guangdong/96/06) was isolated from pigs in guangdong province, which was reported in china for the first time. to get further evidence for infection of pigs with human-like h1n1 influenza viruses, we analyzed eight gene segments of three human-like swine h1n1 viruses (a/swine/guangdo ...	2009	19063926
fusion of c3d with hemagglutinin enhances protective immunity against swine influenza virus.	h1n1 and h3n2 are the dominant subtypes causing swine influenza in china and other countries. it is important to develop effective vaccines against both h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes of swine influenza virus (siv). we examined the effects of a dna vaccine expressing an influenza ha fused to three copies of murine complement c3d in mice. plasmids encoding soluble ha (sha), complete ha (tmha), or a soluble fused form of ha (sha-mc3d3) were constructed from the h3n2 subtype of siv. the immune response was ...	2009	19010505
pb2 protein of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain a/chicken/yamaguchi/7/2004 (h5n1) determines its replication potential in pigs.	it has been shown that not all but most of the avian influenza viruses replicate in the upper respiratory tract of pigs (h. kida et al., j. gen. virol. 75:2183-2188, 1994). it was shown that a/chicken/yamaguchi/7/2004 (h5n1) [ck/yamaguchi/04 (h5n1)] did not replicate in pigs (n. isoda et al., arch. virol. 151:1267-1279, 2006). in the present study, the genetic basis for this host range restriction was determined using reassortant viruses generated between ck/yamaguchi/04 (h5n1) and a/swine/hokka ...	2009	19052090
the path of a pandemic.		2009	19469332
number of confirmed swine flu cases could be "tip of iceberg".		2009	19470565
lessons from outbreaks of h1n1 influenza.	a new h1n1 triple-reassortant "swine" influenza virus was recently described in individuals from the united states and mexico who presented with respiratory symptoms, and the same virus was subsequently confirmed in patients from several countries around the world. the circumstances surrounding the emergence of this pathogen, and the factors that facilitated the initial cross-species transmission, are still incompletely understood. it became apparent in the early days of the outbreak that the vi ...	2009	19470591
interspecies transmission and host restriction of avian h5n1 influenza virus.	long-term endemicity of avian h5n1 influenza virus in poultry and continuous sporadic human infections in several countries has raised the concern of another potential pandemic influenza. suspicion of the avian origin of the previous pandemics results in the close investigation of the mechanism of interspecies transmission. entry and fusion is the first step for the h5n1 influenza virus to get into the host cells affecting the host ranges. therefore receptor usage study has been a major focus fo ...	2009	19471865
preparation will pay off. regardless of what happens with swine flu, pandemic bound to strike.		2009	19472506
time to rethink the uk's response to swine flu?		2009	19474010
swine flu. report from the uk "epicentre".		2009	19474032
confirmation of the first hong kong case of human infection by novel swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus diagnosed using ultrarapid, real-time reverse transcriptase pcr.		2009	19474268
geographic dependence, surveillance, and origins of the 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus.		2009	19474418
evolution of the m gene of the influenza a virus in different host species: large-scale sequence analysis.	influenza a virus infects not only humans, but also other species including avian and swine. if a novel influenza a subtype acquires the ability to spread between humans efficiently, it could cause the next pandemic. therefore it is necessary to understand the evolutionary processes of influenza a viruses in various hosts in order to gain better knowledge about the emergence of pandemic virus. the virus has segmented rna genome and 7th segment, m gene, encodes 2 proteins. m1 is a matrix protein ...	2009	19476650
characterization of triple reassortant h1n1 influenza a viruses from swine in ohio.	an h1n1 influenza a virus, a/swine/ohio/24366/07, was isolated from pigs in an ohio county fair. twenty-six people who came in contact with the infected pigs developed respiratory disease and two of these people were laboratory confirmed as h1n1 by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). the a/swine/ohio/24366/07 virus we isolated from swine was shown at the cdc to have 100% identical genome sequence to the human virus associated with the county fair. this prompted us to characteri ...	2009	19477087
swine flu outbreak. new details on virus's promiscuous past.		2009	19478151
swine flu attention turns to the tropics.		2009	19478748
africa and swine influenza virus.		2009	19480028
h1n1 strain in humans causes concerns over animal impacts.		2009	19480613
cluster analysis of the origins of the new influenza a(h1n1) virus.	in march and april 2009, a new strain of influenza a(h1n1) virus has been isolated in mexico and the united states. since the initial reports more than 10,000 cases have been reported to the world health organization, all around the world. several hundred isolates have already been sequenced and deposited in public databases. we have studied the genetics of the new strain and identified its closest relatives through a cluster analysis approach. we show that the new virus combines genetic informa ...	2009	19480812
to baptise a virus and its disease.		2009	19480815
pigs might fly.		2009	19483041
the role of swine in the generation of novel influenza viruses.	the ecology of influenza a viruses is very complicated involving multiple host species and viral genes. avian species have variable susceptibility to influenza a viruses with wild aquatic birds being the reservoir for this group of pathogens. occasionally, influenza a viruses are transmitted to mammals from avian species, which can lead to the development of human pandemic strains by direct or indirect transmission to man. because swine are also susceptible to infection with avian and human infl ...	2009	19486316
the resurgence of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1).	unexpectedly, swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv, informally known as swine flu) appeared in north america at the very end of the 2008-2009 influenza season and began to spread internationally. as the world mobilizes for a potential pandemic, this article summarizes the developments in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.	2009	19487554
trials and tribulations.....and now swine flu.		2009	19490130
swine flu, pandemics, and critical care.		2009	19490596
swine flu panic is being spread by ignorance.		2009	19491743
likelihood that an unsubtypeable influenza a virus result obtained with the luminex xtag respiratory virus panel is indicative of infection with novel a/h1n1 (swine-like) influenza virus.		2009	19494066
swine influenza: then and now.		2009	19494369
genetic and antigenic evolution of swine influenza viruses in europe and evaluation of their zoonotic potential.	swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory viral infection of pigs that has become enzootic in areas densely populated with pigs. like other influenza a viruses, swine influenza virus (siv) is genetically unstable and able to accumulate antigenic drifts and/or antigenic shifts. the pig is susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses and can serve as an intermediate host in influenza virus ecology. zoonotic agents may emerge in pigs following the modification of an established sw ...	2009	19497089
origins of the new influenza a(h1n1) virus: time to take action.	to gain insight into the possible origins of the 2009 outbreak of new influenza a(h1n1), we performed two independent analyses of genetic evolution of the new influenza a(h1n1) virus. firstly, protein homology analyses of more than 400 sequences revealed that this virus most likely evolved from recent swine viruses. secondly, phylogenetic analyses of 5,214 protein sequences of influenza a(h1n1) viruses (avian, swine and human) circulating in north america for the last two decades (from 1989 to 2 ...	2009	19497253
epidemiology of new influenza a (h1n1) virus infection, united kingdom, april-june 2009.	following the previous report to eurosurveillance on 14 may 2009, the number of confirmed cases of new influenza a(h1n1) has continued to increase in the united kingdom. by 31 may, uk surveillance activities had detected a total of 252 confirmed cases. seventy (28%) were related to travel to the united states and mexico. there is evidence of spread in households, schools and the community with increases in secondary (n=40), tertiary (n=125) and sporadic (n=13) cases. the new influenza a(h1n1) vi ...	2009	19497255
association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha with fever and pulmonary lesion score in pigs experimentally infected with swine influenza virus subtype h1n2.	the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha level, body temperature, and pulmonary lesion score was determined in 3-week-old pigs inoculated intranasally with swine influenza virus (siv) subtype h1n2. the expression of tnf-alpha was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lung tissues by immunohistochemistry. in bal fluid, tnf-alpha concentration was maximal at 1 days post-inoculation (dpi), declined markedly by 3 dpi (p<0.05) and s ...	2009	19498287
analytical sensitivity of rapid influenza antigen detection tests for swine-origin influenza virus (h1n1).	a novel swine origin influenza virus (s-oiv) (h1n1) is spreading worldwide and threatens to become pandemic.	2009	19539521
pandemic or no pandemic: emergence of swine influenza a (h1n1) in 2009.		2009	19539828
preparing the outbreak assistance laboratory network in the netherlands for the detection of the influenza virus a(h1n1) variant.	late april 2009, human infection with variant influenza virus a(h1n1)v emerged in the northern americas posing a threat that this virus may become the next pandemic influenza virus.	2009	19540155
the 2009 h1n1 influenza outbreak in its historical context.	of the 16 known serotypes of influenza a haemagglutinin, 6 have been isolated from humans at the molecular level (h1, h2, h3, h5, h7, h9). 3 of these have been involved in past pandemics (h1, h2, h3). traditional pandemic surveillance has focussed on monitoring antigenic shift, meaning the re-assortment of novel haemagglutinins into seasonal human influenza a viruses during rare events of double infection with seasonal and zoonotic strains. h5, from avian h5n1 influenza, has been the major cause ...	2009	19540156
development of a real-time rt-pcr for the detection of swine-lineage influenza a (h1n1) virus infections.	a novel influenza a virus, subtype h1n1 of swine-lineage (h1n1 swl) has transmitted rapidly to many regions of the world with evidence of sustained transmission within some countries. rapid detection and differentiation from seasonal influenza is essential to instigate appropriate patient and public health management and for disease surveillance.	2009	19540799
emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) h1n1 virus in humans.	a recently emerged novel influenza a h1n1 virus continues to spread globally. the virus contains a novel constellation of gene segments, the nearest known precursors being viruses found in swine and it likely arose through reassortment of two or more viruses of swine origin. h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 subtype swine influenza viruses have occasionally infected humans before but such zoonotic transmission events did not lead to sustained human-to-human transmission in the manner this swine-origin influen ...	2009	19540800
diagnosis of swine-lineage influenza a (h1n1) virus infection.		2009	19541026
diagnosis of swine-lineage influenza a (h1n1) virus infection.		2009	19541028
defining priorities: swine-origin h1n1 and the mdr-tb epidemic.		2009	19541029
swine-origin influenza virus in young age groups.		2009	19541030
swine flu. after delays, who agrees: the 2009 pandemic has begun.		2009	19541958
novel swine-origin influenza a virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door.	influenza a viruses represent a continuous pandemic threat. in april 2009, a novel influenza a virus, the so-called swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv), was identified in mexico. although s-oiv originates from triple-reassortant swine influenza a (h1) that has been circulating in north american pig herds since the end of the 1990s, s-oiv is readily transmitted between humans but is not epidemic in pigs. after its discovery, s-oiv rapidly spread throughout the world within few weeks. in ...	2009	19543913
patchy pig monitoring may hide flu threat.		2009	19544601
2009 h1n1/swine flu--anatomy of an outbreak.		2009	19544611
swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) and hiv. the cdc offers guidance for hiv-infected patients potentially exposed to swine flu.		2009	19544612
modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu (h1n1).	here we present a review of the literature of influenza modeling studies, and discuss how these models can provide insights into the future of the currently circulating novel strain of influenza a (h1n1), formerly known as swine flu. we discuss how the feasibility of controlling an epidemic critically depends on the value of the basic reproduction number (r0). the r0 for novel influenza a (h1n1) has recently been estimated to be between 1.4 and 1.6. this value is below values of r0 estimated for ...	2009	19545404
how to prevent, recognize and diagnose infection with the swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in humans.	in march of 2009, a flu epidemic began in mexico. shortly thereafter, similar cases appeared in other countries, alerting authorities to the risk of a pandemic. this article details the principal signs and symptoms of infection with the swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus. in addition, the measures to be taken in suspected or confirmed cases are addressed, as are the procedures to follow in relation to contacts. furthermore, the drugs used in the prophylaxis against and the treatment of infect ...	2009	19547857
uk swine flu cases near 3000, as gp leader says use of tamiflu may need to be rethought.		2009	19549666
emergence of european avian influenza virus-like h1n1 swine influenza a viruses in china.	during swine influenza surveillance from 2007 to 2008, 10 h1n1 viruses were isolated and analyzed for their antigenic and phylogenetic properties. our study revealed the emergence of avian-origin european h1n1 swine influenza virus in china, which highlights the necessity of swine influenza surveillance for potential pandemic preparedness.	2009	19553585
detection of novel (swine origin) h1n1 influenza a virus by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr.		2009	19553589
what is the optimal therapy for patients with h5n1 influenza?	background to the debate: in a 2007 article in plos medicine[10], holger j. schünemann and colleagues described a new process used by the world health organization for rapidly developing clinical management guidelines in emergency situations. these situations include outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. the authors discussed how they developed such a "rapid advice" guideline for the pharmacological management of avian influenza a (h5n1) virus infection. the guideline recommends giving the ...	2009	19554084
eyes on the swine.		2009	19555012
reacting to the emergence of swine-origin influenza a h1n1.		2009	19555898
[consideration on the flu that we do not want to call "swine": an european point of view].		2009	19556052
swine flu pandemic announced.		2009	19557045
swine influenza a (h1n1) strikes a potential for global disaster.	as of april 25(th)2009, 11.00 am, eight human cases of swine influenza a virus infection have been identified in the united states in california and texas. there is also established evidence of similar cases across the united states border in mexico. experts from the centers for disease control and prevention in cooperation with world health organization and public health experts from canada and mexico are leading an exhaustive investigation to find the source of infection and infected people. w ...	2009	19561969
swine-origin influenza a h1n1 update.		2009	19562860
"prepandemic" immunization for novel influenza viruses, "swine flu" vaccine, guillain-barré syndrome, and the detection of rare severe adverse events.	the availability of immunogenic, licensed h5n1 vaccines and the anticipated development of vaccines against "swine" influenza a(h1n1) have stimulated debate about the possible use of these vaccines for protection of those exposed to potential pandemic influenza viruses and for immunization or "priming" of populations in the so-called "prepandemic" (interpandemic) era. however, the safety of such vaccines is a critical issue in policy development for wide-scale application of vaccines in the inte ...	2009	19563262
naturally occurring influenza infection in a ferret (mustela putorius furo) colony.	tissue samples from 2 juvenile ferrets (mustela putorius furo) from a colony that was undergoing an outbreak of respiratory disease were submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory. microscopic examination of lung samples revealed bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis. influenza a virus was detected in sections of formalin-fixed lung by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. a field investigation of the p ...	2009	19564504
the persistent legacy of the 1918 influenza virus.		2009	19564629
pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) in mexico.	in late march 2009, an outbreak of a respiratory illness later proved to be caused by novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) was identified in mexico. we describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of persons hospitalized for pneumonia at the national tertiary hospital for respiratory illnesses in mexico city who had laboratory-confirmed s-oiv infection, also known as swine flu.	2009	19564631
historical perspective--emergence of influenza a (h1n1) viruses.		2009	19564632
severe respiratory disease concurrent with the circulation of h1n1 influenza.	in the spring of 2009, an outbreak of severe pneumonia was reported in conjunction with the concurrent isolation of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv), widely known as swine flu, in mexico. influenza a (h1n1) subtype viruses have rarely predominated since the 1957 pandemic. the analysis of epidemic pneumonia in the absence of routine diagnostic tests can provide information about risk factors for severe disease from this virus and prospects for its control.	2009	19564633
rapid-test sensitivity for novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus in humans.		2009	19564634
swine flu of 1976: lessons from the past. an interview with dr harvey v fineberg.		2009	19565118
swine flu.		2009	19565682
two more people in uk die from swine flu, as swabbing policy ends in "hot spot" areas.		2009	19567470
public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey.	to assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in england, scotland, and wales.	2009	19574308
transmission and pathogenesis of swine-origin 2009 a(h1n1) influenza viruses in ferrets and mice.	recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humans caused by a novel swine-origin 2009 a(h1n1) influenza virus underscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. in this study, selected 2009 a(h1n1) influenza isolates were assessed for their ability to cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporary seasonal h1n1 virus for their ability to transmit to naïve ferrets through respiratory droplets. in contrast to ...	2009	19574347