Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| us9, a stable lysine-less herpes simplex virus 1 protein, is ubiquitinated before packaging into virions and associates with proteasomes. | the us9 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 encodes a virion tegument protein with a predicted mr of 10,000. earlier studies have shown that the gene is not essential for viral replication in cells in culture. we report that (i) us9 forms in denaturing polyacrylamide gels multiple overlapping bands ranging in mr from 12,000 to 25,000; (ii) the protein recovered from infected cells or purified virions reacts with anti-ubiquitin antibodies; (iii) autoradiographic images of us9 protein immunoprecipitate ... | 1997 | 9391137 |
| mhc-ii but not mhc-i responses are required for vaccine-induced protection against ocular challenge with hsv-1. | to determine the importance of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class-i versus mhc class-ii immune responses in protecting naive versus vaccinated mice against an ocular hsv-1 challenge. | 1997 | 9395776 |
| a new antiherpetic agent, ah-1763 iia, produced by streptomyces cyaneus strain no. 1763. | a new antiherpetic agent, ah-1763 iia, was isolated from the culture broth of strain no. 1763 identified as streptomyces cyaneus. it was purified through column chromatographies of diaion hp-10 and silica gel. the structure was determined to be 11-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl)-4h-anthraceno [1,2-b]pyran-4,7,12-trione by several spectroscopic experiments, that is a new antibiotic belonging to pluramycin-group. | 1997 | 9402987 |
| use of ebv-based vector/hvj-liposome complex vector for targeted gene therapy of ebv-associated neoplasms. | targeted suicide gene therapy for epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated neoplasms was attempted by using ebv-based plasmid vectors coupled with hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj)-liposome in vitro. expression of ebv nuclear antigen (ebna)1 is a common feature of the neoplasms associated with ebv. when various leukemic cell lines were transduced with a vector carrying a marker gene and ebv replication origin of plasmid (orip), the marker gene product was exclusively detected in cells expressing ... | 1997 | 9405242 |
| spread of hsv-1 to the suprachiasmatic nuclei and retina in t cell depleted balb/c mice. | following uniocular anterior chamber inoculation of the kos strain of hsv-1 in euthymic balb/c mice, virus spreads from the injected eye to the brain, and from the brain to the optic nerve and retina of the uninjected eye by day 7 post inoculation (p.i.), but the optic nerve and retina of the injected eye are not infected with virus. infection of the optic nerve and retina of the injected eye is observed only in athymic mice or in mice depleted of both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells. to determine the rol ... | 1997 | 9413273 |
| protection against leishmania major challenge infection in mice vaccinated with live recombinant parasites expressing a cytotoxic gene. | a "suicide" system based on thymidine kinase-ganciclovir combination was developed and tested in a leishmania major experimental model. susceptible balb/c mice were infected with l. major expressing the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 and treated for 2 consecutive weeks with 7.5 mg/kg/day ganciclovir at different times from the initial infection. ganciclovir treatment at varying times after infection had different effects on the outcome of disease. a complete inhibition of i ... | 1998 | 9419187 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 renders infected cells resistant to cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-induced apoptosis. | many viruses interfere with apoptosis of infected cells, presumably preventing cellular apoptosis as a direct response to viral infection. since cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) induce apoptosis of infected cells as part of the "lethal hit," inhibition of apoptosis could represent an effective immune evasion strategy. we report here herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) interference with ctl-induced apoptosis of infected cells and show that hsv-1 inhibits the nuclear manifestations of apoptosis but n ... | 1998 | 9420243 |
| acute retinal necrosis late in the second trimester. | to report treatment of a patient with acute retinal necrosis during pregnancy. | 1998 | 9437323 |
| (z)- and (e)-2-((hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene)methyladenine and -guanine. new nucleoside analogues with a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. | new nucleoside analogues 14-17 based on a methylenecyclopropane structure were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. reaction of 2,3-dibromopropene (19) with adenine (18) led to bromoalkene 20, which was benzoylated to give n6,n6-dibenzoyl derivative 23. attempts to convert 20 or 23 to bromocyclopropanes 21 and 22 by reaction with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by rh2(oac)4 were futile. by contrast, 2,3-dibromopropene (19) afforded smoothly (e)- and (z)-dibromocyclopropane carboxylic e ... | 1998 | 9438017 |
| an intertypic herpes simplex virus helicase-primase complex associated with a defect in neurovirulence has reduced primase activity. | r13-1 is an intertypic recombinant virus in which the left-hand 18% of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome is replaced by homologous sequences from hsv-2. r13-1 is nonneurovirulent and defective in dna replication in neurons. the defect was localized to the ul5 open reading frame by using marker rescue analysis (d. c. bloom and j. g. stevens, j. virol. 68:3761-3772, 1994). to provide conclusive evidence that ul5 is the only hsv-2 gene involved in the restricted replication phenotype o ... | 1998 | 9445019 |
| use of differential display reverse transcription-pcr to reveal cellular changes during stimuli that result in herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation from latency: upregulation of immediate-early cellular response genes tis7, interferon, and interferon regulatory factor-1. | the detailed mechanism which governs the choice between herpes simplex virus (hsv) latency and reactivation remains to be elucidated. it is probable that altered expression of cellular factors in sensory neurons leads to induction of hsv gene expression resulting in reactivation. as an approach to identify novel cellular genes which are activated or repressed by stimuli that reactivate hsv from latency and hence may play a role in viral reactivation, rna from explanted trigeminal ganglia (tg) wa ... | 1998 | 9445025 |
| herpesvirus entry mediator hvem mediates cell-cell spread in bhk(tk-) cell clones. | 95-19 and u(s)11c119.3 are bhk(tk-)-derived cell lines that are highly resistant to postattachment entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 but not to later steps in single-step replication. the resistance properties of these two cell types are not identical. u(s)11c119.3 cells are fully susceptible to pseudorabies virus (prv), as shown by single-step growth experiments, whereas 95-19 cells are resistant to entry of free prv but not to entry by cell-cell spread. we have tested the ... | 1998 | 9445042 |
| case-control study of primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in children with febrile seizures. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) has been demonstrated to be the causative agent in roseola infantum. it has been suggested that hhv-6 may have neurotropic properties and be involved in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures in infants. we describe a case-control study to examine the hypothesis that acute hhv-6 infection occurs more commonly in children with febrile seizures than in controls. | 1998 | 9445513 |
| successful treatment of an acyclovir- and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 lesion with intravenous cidofovir. | 1998 | 9502489 | |
| herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella virus infections in familial dysautonomia patients. | familial dystautonomia (fd) patients are deficient in type c fibers, suggesting that there may be a different pattern of infection and clinical presentation when infected by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or varicella-zoster virus (vzv). these viruses infect and are reactivated in the periphery of the body through type c sensory nerve fibers. hsv-1 infects epithelial cells, penetrates into type c fibers, and migrates to the ganglia to generate latent infection. in reactivation, the viral dn ... | 1998 | 9515762 |
| herpes simplex virus gd and virions accumulate in endosomes by mannose 6-phosphate-dependent and -independent mechanisms. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (gd) is modified with mannose 6-phosphate (m6p) and binds to m6p receptors (mprs). mprs are involved in the well-characterized pathway by which lysosomal enzymes are directed to lysosomes via a network of endosomal membranes. based on the impaired ability of hsv to form plaques under conditions in which glycoproteins could not interact with mprs, we proposed that mprs may function during hsv egress or cell-to-cell spread (c. r. brunetti, r. l. burke, b. ... | 1998 | 9525660 |
| structure-function analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul12 gene: correlation of deoxyribonuclease activity in vitro with replication function. | although the product of the ul12 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been shown to possess both exonuclease and endonuclease activities in vitro, and deletion of most of the gene within the viral genome results in inefficient production and maturation of infectious virions, the function of the deoxyribonuclease (dnase) activity per se in virus replication remains unclear. in order to correlate the in vitro and in vivo activities of the protein encoded by ul12, mutant proteins were te ... | 1998 | 9527934 |
| temporal gene regulation of the channel catfish virus (ictalurid herpesvirus 1). | to identify promoter regions that impart differential temporal regulation of channel catfish virus (ccv) genes, the transcriptional kinetics of an immediate-early gene and prospective early and late genes were characterized. a cdna clone, designated ie3c, representing a third immediate-early transcript was identified. the 5' end of the ie3c transcript was mapped to nucleotides 15,368 and 131,043 in the terminal repeat regions of the ccv genome. the full length of the transcript represented by th ... | 1998 | 9499043 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 icp47 inhibits human tap but not mouse tap. | herpes simplex virus serotype 1 (hsv-1) expresses an immediate-early protein, icp47, that effectively blocks the major histocompatibility complex class i antigen presentation pathway. hsv-1 icp47 (icp47-1) binds with high affinity to the human transporter associated with antigen presentation (tap) and blocks the binding of antigenic peptides. hsv type 2 (hsv-2) icp47 (icp47-2) has only 42% amino acid sequence identity with icp47-1. here, we compared the levels of inhibition of human and murine t ... | 1998 | 9499125 |
| the region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 lat gene involved in spontaneous reactivation does not encode a functional protein. | we previously showed that the lat function required for efficient spontaneous reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) from neuronal latency in the rabbit maps within the first 1.5 kb of the 8.3-kb primary lat transcript. this demonstrated that lat does not function via an antisense mechanism, since the first 1.5 kb of lat does not overlap any other known hsv-1 gene. furthermore, if lat encodes a protein essential for efficient spontaneous reactivation, it must map within the function ... | 1998 | 9501054 |
| meningoencephalomyelitis caused by herpes simplex virus-1 in a patient with idiopathic t cd4+ lymphocytopenia. | 1998 | 9484406 | |
| micturitional disturbance in herpetic brainstem encephalitis; contribution of the pontine micturition centre. | micturitional disturbance is rarely mentioned in human herpetic brainstem encephalitis although the pontine tegmentum, called the pontine micturition centre, seems to regulate the lower urinary tract in experimental animals. the case of a 45 year old man, who developed subacute coma and hiccup-like dysrhythmic breathing, and needed assisted ventilation is reported. examination of csf showed mononuclear pleocytosis and antibody against herpes simplex virus type 1, but the opening pressure was 90 ... | 1998 | 9489547 |
| disruption of the 5' and 3' splice sites flanking the major latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1: evidence for alternate splicing in lytic and latent infections. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency-associated transcripts (lats) are the only viral gene products expressed within latently infected neurones. the most abundant (major) lats consist of two collinear nuclear polya- rnas of 2 kb and 1.5 kb which it has been suggested represent stable introns derived from a less abundant primary transcript (minor lat). consistent with this proposition is the identification of consensus splice donor and acceptor sites flanking major lats which are conse ... | 1998 | 9460931 |
| cochinolide, a new gamma-alkylidene bicyclic butenolide with antiviral activity, and its beta-glucopyranoside from homalium cochinchinensis. | a new gamma-alkylidene bicyclic butenolide designated as cochinolide (1) and its beta-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from the root bark of homalium cochinchinensis (flacoutiaceae). their structures, except absolute stereochemistries, were determined by spectroscopic means. cochinolide (1) showed moderate antiviral activities against hsv-1 and -2. | 1998 | 9584406 |
| [impact of focal allergic test with herpetic vaccine in diagnosis of ophthalmic herpes]. | clinical and immunological studies were carried out in 697 patients (913 eyes) for a more accurate diagnosis of herpetic involvement of the posterior segment of the eye by the focal allergic test (fat) based on the delayed type hypersensitivity phenomenon. fat consists in detection of the focal reaction in the eye, regularly developing after 2-3 intracutaneous injections of herpetic vaccine to types i and ii herpes simplex virus in a dose of 0.2 ml every other day. the reaction is assessed by cl ... | 1998 | 9584632 |
| design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluations of 1-(substituted benzyl)-2-substituted-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazoles as nonnucleoside analogues of 2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole. | we have recently reported that certain ribosylated polyhalogenated benzimidazoles are potent and selective inhibitors of hcmv replication at noncytotoxic concentrations. to extend the structure-activity relationship beyond these first-generation compounds, we alkylated 5,6-dichloro-2-substituted-benzimidazoles with either a series of substituted benzyl halides or (2-bromoethyl)benzene to obtain five series of nonnucleoside analogues. evaluation of these compounds for activity against herpes viru ... | 1998 | 9548815 |
| transport of viruses through fetal membranes: an in vitro model of perinatal transmission. | a model system for perinatal transmission of viral infections was developed and transport of infectious virus particles through fetal membranes was investigated. viruses of different families known to cause serious intrauterine infections were selected, including relevant and model viruses: the dna-viruses hsv-1 and -2 as well as the animal herpes viruses bhv-1 and shv-1, the rna-virus bvdv as a model for hepatitis c virus, hiv-1 and -2, and ppv as a model for parvovirus b19. migration of infect ... | 1998 | 9557298 |
| infrequent detection of cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus dna in synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | to study the role of the cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and 2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and human herpes virus 6 (hhv-6) in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). | 1998 | 9558160 |
| site-directed mutagenesis probing the catalytic role of arginines 165 and 166 of human cytomegalovirus protease. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a member of the herpesviridae family of viruses that also includes herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), human herpes virus-6, 7, and 8 (hhv-6, hhv-7, and hhv-8), and epstein-barr virus (ebv). each member of this family encodes a serine protease that is a potential target for antiviral therapeutic intervention. we recently reported the crystal structure of cmv proteases [qiu, x., culp, j. s., dilella, a. g., hellmig, b., hoog, s. s ... | 1998 | 9558326 |
| glycoprotein c-deficient mutants of two strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 exhibit unaltered adsorption characteristics on polarized or non-polarized cells. | mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain sc16, lacking each of the dispensable glycoproteins c, g, e, i or j, were examined for their ability to infect the apical or basolateral surfaces of polarized human epithelial cells. none of the mutants was significantly different from the wild-type parent when assayed on either surface. since a previous report had demonstrated that glycoprotein c (gc) was necessary for the infection of apical surfaces of polarized epithelium, a second gc-neg ... | 1998 | 9568976 |
| human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein h/glycoprotein l complex modulates fusion-from-without. | glycoprotein h/glycoprotein l (gh/gl) complexes of herpesviruses are required for fusion of infecting virions with host cell membranes. in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for gh inhibit the transfer of a fluorescent probe to the host cell from labelled virus particles. in similar fashion, in the present study, neutralizing gh-specific mab inhibited hcmv-induced fusion-from-without in monolayers of both human embryonic fibroblasts and continuous ast ... | 1998 | 9568982 |
| evaluation of the galalpha1-3gal epitope as a host modification factor eliciting natural humoral immunity to enveloped viruses. | human sera contain high levels of natural antibody (ab) to galalpha1-3gal, a terminal glycosidic structure expressed on the surface of cells of mammals other than old world primates. incorporation of this determinant onto retroviral membranes by passage of viruses in cells encoding alpha-1-3-galactosyltransferase (gt) renders retroviruses sensitive to lysis by natural ab and complement in normal human serum (nhs). plasma membrane-budding viruses representing four additional virus groups were exa ... | 1998 | 9573228 |
| trends in seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 among pregnant women in stockholm, sweden, during 1969-1989. | to assess long-term trends in the prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey of the seroprevalence of the major oncogenic hpv type, hpv16, among 3,512 pregnant women undergoing population-based serological screening at the first trimester of pregnancy in the same catchment area in stockholm, sweden, during 1969, 1983 or 1989. the overall hpv16 seroprevalence rates were 16% in 1969, 22% in 1983 and 21% in 1989. seroprevalence was signif ... | 1998 | 9579570 |
| [application of the polymerase chain reaction to an experimental model of infection by herpes simplex virus type 1]. | herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) has been implicated as a cause of facial paralysis. we developed an experimental model in rabbits in which we injected hsv-1 into the tongue. the animals were killed after one and three weeks. the geniculate and trigeminal ganglia and medulla were extracted and the samples were processed. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), nested-pcr and cultures were carried out in order to detect the viral genome in the samples. the viral genome was found in all but two rabbits. ... | 1998 | 9580465 |
| functional region iv of glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus modulates glycoprotein binding to the herpesvirus entry mediator. | glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) is essential for virus entry and has four functional regions (i to iv) important for this process. we previously showed that a truncated form of a functional region iv variant, gd1(delta290-299t), had an enhanced ability to block virus entry and to bind to the herpesvirus entry mediator (hveat; formerly hvemt), a cellular receptor for hsv. to explore this phenotype further, we examined other forms of gd, especially ones with mutations in region i ... | 1998 | 9696802 |
| phosphorylation of structural components promotes dissociation of the herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument. | the role of phosphorylation in the dissociation of structural components of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) tegument was investigated, using an in vitro assay. addition of physiological concentrations of atp and magnesium to wild-type virions in the presence of detergent promoted the release of vp13/14 and vp22. vp1/2 and the ul13 protein kinase were not significantly solubilized. however, using a virus with an inactivated ul13 protein, we found that the release of vp22 was severely impa ... | 1998 | 9696804 |
| an enhanced packaging system for helper-dependent herpes simplex virus vectors. | helper-dependent herpes simplex virus (hsv) vectors (amplicons) show considerable promise to provide for long-term transduced-gene expression in most cell types. the current packaging system of choice for these vectors involves cotransfection with a set of five overlapping cosmids that encode the full hsv type 1 (hsv-1) helper virus genome from which the packaging (pac) elements have been deleted. although both the helper virus and the hsv amplicon can replicate, only the latter is packaged into ... | 1998 | 9696807 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex viruses from immunocompromised patients. | phenotypic and genotypic analyses were done on 30 acyclovir-resistant and 5 acyclovir-susceptible herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates (22 hsv type 1 and 13 hsv type 2) recovered from 24 subjects. all isolates were susceptible to foscarnet. the phenotypes of the acyclovir-resistant hsv isolates were as follows: 17 were thymidine kinase (tk) deficient, 12 had decreased tk activity (produced low amounts of viral tk) or tk with altered substrate specificity, and 1 was undetermined. sequencing analys ... | 1998 | 9697707 |
| tnf-alpha expression and herpes simplex infection in human monocytes treated with growth hormone, prolactin and insulin. | we evaluated the in vitro effect of growth hormone (gh), prolactin (prl) and insulin treatment of human monocytes on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection. gh and prl increased cell susceptibility to infection which was related to a slight tnf-alpha expression and release. insulin had no significant effect. cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) and then treated with prl showed a lower susceptibility to hsv infection related to a significant increase in tnf-alpha expression and re ... | 1998 | 9699200 |
| antiviral activity of fa-11h on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cultured cells. | the highest concentration lacking cytotoxicity (h.c.l.c.) of the acid fa-11h, related to ester fa-11 (ethyl 4-trifluoromethyl-2-methylthio-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate), was determined on vero cultured cells. at this concentration (300 micrograms/ml) fa-11h produced an 81.4% inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 infectivity with respect to the plaque formation detected in control infected cultures. this inhibitory activity was substantiated by studies on progeny production. fa-11h revealed a high ... | 1998 | 9699209 |
| an antivirally active sulfated polysaccharide from sargassum horneri (turner) c. agardh. | a sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the hot water extract of a brown alga, sargassum horneri (turner) c. agardh. fucose was detected as the main component sugar of this polysaccharide. this compound showed potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. time-of-addition experiments suggested that it inhibited not only the initial stages of viral infection, such as attachment to and penetration into host cells, ... | 1998 | 9703258 |
| herpes simplex type 1 induction of persistent nf-kappa b nuclear translocation increases the efficiency of virus replication. | the latent form of the dimeric transcription factor nf-kappa b is sequestered in the cytoplasm by proteins containing ankyrin repeats, such as 1 kappa b alpha and beta, or by the p105 precursor form of the nf-kappa b p50 subunit. tumor necrosis factor alpha or virus infection can cause targeted destruction of 1 kappa b and nuclear translocation of nf-kappa b. following translocation, nf-kappa b mediates immune, inflammatory, or anti-apoptotic responses. here we present evidence that beginning at ... | 1998 | 9705914 |
| rd6-2198, a novel betain-type fluoroalkylated oligomer, inhibits the replications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other enveloped viruses. | we have examined a novel betain-type fluoroalkylated oligomer, rd6-2198, for its inhibitory effects on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and other enveloped viruses, including herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell cultures. we have found that the compound is a potent and selective inhibitor of these viruses. rd6-2198 inhibited the replication of hiv-1iiib at a concentration of 0.85 microg/ml w ... | 1998 | 9707376 |
| isolation of a herpes simplex virus type 1-like agent from the brain of a mountain agile gibbon (hylobates agilis agilis) with encephalitis. | a captive-born 2-yr-old male mountain agile gibbon (hylobates agilis agilis) that died of encephalitis harbored a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1)-like agent in the brain. a complete necropsy revealed intensive meningeal congestion with nonsuppurative encephalitis. the virus was recovered from frozen brain tissue in vero cells. the isolate was very similar but not identical to human hsv1. both western blot assay and virus neutralization tests were done with sera from 15 gibbons. antibodies aga ... | 1998 | 9638628 |
| hsv-1 in brain and risk of alzheimer's disease. | 1998 | 9643802 | |
| characterization of the ul16 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 2. | we have raised rabbit polyclonal antisera against a his-tagged herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul16 fusion protein, one of which very specifically reacted with 40 kda and 41 kda proteins in the lysates of hsv-1 and hsv-2-infected cells, respectively. since its reactivity to the 41 kda protein was clearly eliminated by pre-adsorption with e. coli lysates expressing the ul16 fusion protein, the antiserum was used to characterize the ul16 products of hsv-2. the hsv-2 ul16 protein was produced a ... | 1998 | 9645194 |
| rapid detection, culture-amplification and typing of herpes simplex viruses by enzyme immunoassay in clinical samples. | the laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex infection may require rapid (direct) tests, as well as cell cultures, for detection of the virus in clinical samples. the quantity of virus present in clinical samples is variable and this may depend on the period from onset of rash. in addition, not all patients may show obvious symptoms with this infection. the successful culture of herpes simplex virus requires prompt transportation after collection of the specimen as the virus is easily inactivated. ... | 1998 | 9646003 |
| molecular methods for the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in a sexually transmitted disease clinic population in northern thailand: predominance of herpes simplex virus infection. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) assay that simultaneously detects the three major causes of genital ulcer disease (gud), haemophilus ducreyi, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus, was used to evaluate swab specimens for 38 sequential patients with gud at a thai sexually transmitted disease clinic. subjects received clinical diagnoses and syndromic treatment. swab specimens for h. ducreyi cultures and m-pcr were obtained. no h. ducreyi cultures were positive. of 38 m-pcr spe ... | 1998 | 9652447 |
| mutations in the exo iii motif of the herpes simplex virus dna polymerase gene can confer altered drug sensitivities. | two herpes simplex virus mutants containing mutated residues within the conserved exo iii motif of the polymerase gene were previously shown to be defective in 3'-5' exonuclease activity and exhibited extremely high mutation frequencies. in this study, we have shown that these mutants also exhibited higher resistance to phosphonoacetic acid and sensitivity to aphidicolin and all nucleoside analogs tested, including acyclovir and gangciclovir, compared to wild-type virus. marker transfer experime ... | 1998 | 9657948 |
| the acidic domain of pul37x1 and gpul37 plays a key role in transactivation of hcmv dna replication gene promoter constructions. | transient complementation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) orilyt dna replication in permissive human diploid cells expressing replication genes under native promoters requires its ul36-38 gene products. two of the immediate early (ie) proteins encoded by this locus, pul37x1 and, to a lesser extent, gpul37, activated expression of hcmv early gene promoter constructions. the other ie protein encoded by the ul36-38 locus, pul36, and the early product, pul38, did not transactivate the hcmv early pro ... | 1998 | 9657958 |
| [the development of a method for viral inactivation using thiophosphamide]. | using three-functional alkylating compound thiophosphamide complete inactivation of the influenza and herpesviruses of type 1 and 2 was achieved. the method provides full inactivation of dna- and rna-containing viruses and preservation of their immunogenic properties. | 1998 | 9621691 |
| diagnosis of herpetic keratoconjunctivitis by nested polymerase chain reaction in human tear film. | a study was performed to evaluate nested pcr (npcr) versus viral cultures as method and tear film versus corneal scrapings as specimen in the diagnosis of viral keratoconjunctivitis. tear film specimens were taken from both eyes and corneal scrapings from the affected eye only in 17 patients with suspected viral keratoconjunctivitis. in 15 of the 17 patients the viral agent of the infection could be detected: 11 patients had herpes simplex virus type 1, two varicella-zoster virus, one both herpe ... | 1998 | 9629979 |
| axonal transport of herpes simplex virus-1 in an in vitro model based on the isolated sciatic nerve of the frog rana ridibunda. | an in vitro model for the study of the axonal transport of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) in the nerve fibres of the sciatic nerve of the frog rana ridibunda, has been developed. the nerve was placed along a three-chambered bath consisting of three isolated chambers arranged in series: the stimulating, perfusion and recording chambers. the hsv-1 inoculum was placed in the stimulating chamber, where the proximal part of the isolated sciatic nerve was immersed. hsv-1 was detected after 24-36 h in ... | 1998 | 9531462 |
| the management of herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy. | 1998 | 9532983 | |
| an indolent penile herpetic ulcer in a patient with previously undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we report a case of an atypical penile herpetic ulcer in a man with previously undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. swabs of the lesion were negative for herpes simplex virus (hsv) by culture and electron microscopy. however, histopathology of biopsy material showed characteristic herpetic multinucleate giant cells. immunochemistry using polyclonal antibodies was positive for hsv1 and hsv2. the lesion completely resolved after treatment with aciclovir and the patient subsequ ... | 1998 | 9602886 |
| herpes simplex virus hepatitis in macrophage-depleted mice: the role of massive, apoptotic cell death in pathogenesis. | infection with herpes simplex virus or hepatitis viruses can lead to fulminant hepatitis, but there is controversy about the underlying conditions needed for such disease. to investigate how the impairment of host defences might be involved, macrophages were depleted by administration of silica to mice before intravenous injection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). such mice died rapidly and their livers were yellowish and shrunken (acute yellow atrophy), and occasionally grossly haemorrh ... | 1998 | 9603338 |
| does the latency associated transcript (lat) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) function as a ribozyme during viral reactivation? | the latency associated transcript (lat) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) appears to exist as an rna molecule only. this phenomenon is consistent with the concept of functioning at an rna level, and several lines of evidence suggest that the lat may be a ribozyme. this provides an insight into understanding the role of lat during hsv reactivation. | 1998 | 9608658 |
| activity of n-chlorotaurine against herpes simplex- and adenoviruses. | n-chlorotaurine, an essential weak oxidant produced by stimulated human leukocytes, is known to have bactericidal, fungicidal and vermicidal properties. this study for the first time demonstrates its virucidal activity. by viral suspension tests at incubation times between 5 and 60 min, virus titers of both herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 were reduced about 1.3-2.9 log10 and 2.8-4.2 log10 by 0.1 and 1%, (5.5 and 55 mm) n-chlorotaurine, respectively. virus titer reduction of adenovirus type 5 b ... | 1998 | 9614001 |
| entry of alphaherpesviruses mediated by poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 and poliovirus receptor. | a human member of the immunoglobulin superfamily was shown to mediate entry of several alphaherpesviruses, including herpes simplex viruses (hsv) 1 and 2, porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). this membrane glycoprotein is poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 (prr1), designated here as hvec. incubation of hsv-1 with a secreted form of hvec inhibited subsequent infection of a variety of cell lines, suggesting that hvec interacts directly with the virus. poliovirus r ... | 1998 | 9616127 |
| social stress and the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1. | psychological stress is thought to contribute to reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus (hsv). although several animal models have been developed in an effort to reproduce different pathogenic aspects of hsv keratitis or labialis, until now, no good animal model existed in which application of a psychological laboratory stressor results in reliable reactivation of the virus. reported herein, disruption of the social hierarchy within colonies of mice increased aggression among cohorts, activ ... | 1998 | 9618568 |
| a therapeutic vaccine that reduces recurrent herpes simplex virus type 1 corneal disease. | to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of periocular vaccination with herpes simplex virus (hsv) recombinant glycoprotein d from hsv-1 (gd1) or hsv-2 (gd2) in decreasing hsv-induced recurrent dendritic keratitis and hsv-induced recurrent ocular shedding in rabbits latently infected with hsv-1. | 1998 | 9620075 |
| translational control of viral and host protein synthesis during the course of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: evidence that initiation of translation is the limiting step. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection induces the selective shut-off of host protein synthesis, other than ribosomal proteins, and the successive synthesis of viral proteins. because viral mrnas persist in the cytoplasm after viral protein synthesis has been inhibited, we hypothesized that viral gene expression may be under translational control. expression of genes encoding immediate early icp27, early dbp and late us11 proteins, together with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g ... | 1998 | 9820153 |
| identification of residues within the herpes simplex virus type 1 origin-binding protein that contribute to sequence-specific dna binding. | gene ul9 of herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes an 851-amino-acid protein which is essential for viral dna synthesis and functions as a sequence-specific origin-binding protein and dna helicase. we generated monoclonal antibodies against purified ul9 protein and identified one such antibody (mab 13924) that can block the interaction of the ul9 c-terminal dna-binding domain (amino acids 534-851) with its recognition sequence. mab 13924 interacted with immobilized peptides containing residues 780- ... | 1998 | 9454691 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 helicase-primase. analysis of helicase activity. | the rate of unwinding of duplex dna by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-encoded helicase-primase (primosome) was determined by measuring the rate of appearance of single strands from a circular duplex dna containing a 40-nucleotide 5' single-stranded tail, i.e. a preformed replication fork, in the presence of the hsv-1 single strand dna-binding protein, infected cell protein 8 (icp8). with this substrate, the rate at low ionic strength was highly sensitive to mg2+ concentration. the mg2+ ... | 1998 | 9822692 |
| the role of neutralizing antibody and t-helper subtypes in protection and pathogenesis of vaccinated mice following ocular hsv-1 challenge. | in order to determine the possible correlation of specific immune responses with protection against mortality and ocular disease following ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) challenge, balb/c mice were vaccinated with different doses and regimens of baculovirus-expressed gd. neutralizing antibody, virus titres in the eyes, corneal scarring, and survival were measured. in addition, infiltration into the cornea of cd4+ t cells and cells containing the lymphokines interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4 ... | 1998 | 9824497 |
| differential ganciclovir-mediated cytotoxicity and bystander killing in human colon carcinoma cell lines expressing herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. | the two human colon carcinoma cell lines ht-29 and sw620, which stably express herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk), are sensitized to the cytotoxic effects of the antiviral drug ganciclovir (gcv). compared with ht-29 cells, sw620 cells were more sensitive to lower gcv concentrations (<1 microm), accumulated gcv triphosphate more rapidly, and incorporated higher levels of gcv into dna. following a 24-hr exposure to 10 microm gcv, bystander killing was as much as sixfold greater in sw62 ... | 1998 | 9581903 |
| imaging of adenoviral-directed herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene expression in mice with radiolabeled ganciclovir. | we are developing procedures to repeatedly and noninvasively image the expression of transplanted reporter genes in living animals and in patients, using pet. we have investigated the use of the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (hsv1-tk) as a reporter gene and [8-14c]-ganciclovir as a reporter probe. hsv1-tk, when expressed, leads to phosphorylation of [8-14c]-ganciclovir. as a result, specific accumulation of phosphorylated [8-14c]-ganciclovir should occur almost exclusively in ... | 1998 | 9829598 |
| induction of apoptosis in hep-2 cells by infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. | although herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) does not induce apoptosis in infected hep-2 cells, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) did induce apoptosis in a small but significant fraction of the same cells. apoptosis was not observed in vero or hela cells infected with hsv-2. in addition, hsv-2 infection in the presence of cycloheximide induced extensive apoptosis of hep-2 or hela cells. | 1998 | 9930199 |
| development of herpes simplex virus replication-defective multigene vectors for combination gene therapy applications. | some gene therapy applications will require simultaneous expression of multiple gene products to achieve a therapeutic effect. in this study we describe the generation and characterization of replication incompetent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vectors (hx86z or hx86g) carrying distinct and independently regulated expression cassettes for five transgenes (hil-2, hgm-csf, hb7.1, hsv-tk and lacz or hifn gamma). the transgenes, representing 12 kb of dna sequence, were recombined into separat ... | 1998 | 9930305 |
| structure of the human cytomegalovirus b capsid by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. | the three-dimensional structure of b capsids of the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was investigated at a resolution of 3.5 nm from electron cryomicrographs by image processing and compared with the structure obtained for the alpha-herpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the main architectural features of the hsv-1 and hcmv capsids are similar: the t = 16 icosahedral lattice consists of 162 capsomers, composed of two distinct morphological units, 12 pentamers and 150 hexam ... | 1998 | 9931275 |
| igg and igm antibodies of herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2 in 233 maternal and neonatal sera. | 1998 | 9849717 | |
| a phase i/ii dose-escalation study of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase "suicide" gene therapy for metastatic melanoma. study group on gene therapy of metastatic melanoma. | we performed a dose-escalating phase i/ii study of retrovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-1-tk) suicide gene therapy for metastatic melanoma. hsv-1 tk expression, which specifically sensitizes transduced and bystander cancer cells to ganciclovir (gcv) toxicity, was mediated by one (four patients, first dose step) to three (four patients, second dose step) injections of "m11" retrovirus vector-producing cells in melanoma cutaneous nodules. after a 7-day period allow ... | 1998 | 9853525 |
| the antiviral activity of the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor bild 1351 se in combination with acyclovir against hsv type-1 in cell culture. | bild 1351 se is a selective peptidomimetic subunit association inhibitor of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase (rr) with potent antiviral activity both in cell culture assays and animal models of hsv disease. the ability of bild 1351 se to inhibit the replication of hsv-1 when used in combination with acyclovir (acv) for the treatment of hsv infections was investigated in baby hamster kidney cells using a 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the effective concentration ... | 1998 | 9754948 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel isodideoxy nucleosides with exocyclic methylene. | novel isodideoxy nucleosides with exocyclic methylene were synthesized starting from l-xylose utilizing anomeric demethoxylation, wittig reaction and mitsunobu reaction as key steps and evaluated for antiviral activity. | 1998 | 9871553 |
| comparison of the intranuclear distributions of herpes simplex virus proteins involved in various viral functions. | herpesviral transcription, dna synthesis, and capsid assembly occur within the infected cell nucleus. to further define the spatial relationship among these processes, we have examined the intranuclear distributions of viral dna replication, gene regulatory, and capsid proteins using dual label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. we observed that several of the viral dna replication proteins localize preferentially to punctate structures within replication compartments while the major tr ... | 1998 | 9875326 |
| therapeutic periocular vaccination with a subunit vaccine induces higher levels of herpes simplex virus-specific tear secretory immunoglobulin a than systemic vaccination and provides protection against recurrent spontaneous ocular shedding of virus in latently infected rabbits. | rabbits latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were vaccinated either periocularly or systemically with a subunit vaccine (gb2 + gd2) plus adjuvant or adjuvant alone. tear films were collected daily to measure recurrent infectious hsv-1 shedding. after systemic vaccination, the latently infected rabbits were not protected against recurrent ocular viral shedding (hsv-1-positive tear film cultures/total cultures) compared with either the systemic or periocular adjuvant controls ... | 1998 | 9875329 |
| inhibition of virus-encoded thymidine kinase suppresses herpes simplex virus replication in vitro and in vivo. | both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 encode a thymidine kinase enzyme which differs from cellular thymidine kinase in substrate specificity. viral thymidine kinase enables the virus to replicate in cells that lack cellular thymidine kinase, namely those of the sensory neurons where the virus establishes, and periodically reactivates from, a latent state. thymidine kinase-dependent hsv replication following viral reactivation at the site of latency is thought to precede the emergenc ... | 1998 | 9875372 |
| 3-hydroxyphthaloyl beta-lactoglobulin. iii. antiviral activity against herpesviruses. | the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpesvirus infections, has continued unabated despite educational efforts spearheaded as a response to the hiv-1 epidemic. this suggests the need for prophylactic measures, including the application of topical antiviral agents. chemical modification of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), the major protein of whey, by hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3hp) led to the generation of a potent hiv-1 inhi ... | 1998 | 9875389 |
| chemistry and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 evaluation of cyclosal-nucleotides of acyclic nucleoside analogues. | the synthesis of different cyclosal-phosphotriesters of the acyclic nucleoside analogues acyclovir (acv), penciclovir (pcv) and t-penciclovir (t-pcv) as potential new lipophilic, membrane-soluble pronucleotides is described. the introduction of the cyclosal moiety was achieved by using reactive cyclic chlorophosphane reagents. in addition to the cyclosal-pcv monophosphate (mp) phosphotriesters, a second derivative bearing an acetyl group at the second primary alcohol function was prepared. in hy ... | 1998 | 9875392 |
| the herpes simplex virus 2 kb latency associated transcript (lat) leader sequence allows efficient expression of downstream proteins which is enhanced in neuronal cells: possible function of lat orfs. | 1998 | 9880017 | |
| limited use of cationic liposomes as tools to enhance the antiherpetic activities of oligonucleotides in vero cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | we used commercially available cationic liposomes, lipofectin, dotap, and transfectam, to enhance the antiherpetic activities of phosphodiester oligonucleotides (d-oligos) or phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (s-oligos) targeted against immediate-early pre-mrna4/5 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). with a 5-fold excess of s-oligos/d-oligos, formation of complexes with some of the s-oligos/d-oligos and the cationic liposomes could be visualized on agarose gel. a >5-fold excess of cationic li ... | 1998 | 9743464 |
| fattiviracin a1, a novel antiviral agent produced by streptomyces microflavus strain no. 2445. ii. biological properties. | fattiviracin a1, showed potent antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), influenza a virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). it showed no cytotoxicity against vero cells. fattiviracin a1 exhibited no significant antibacterial or antifungal activities. treatment of hsv-1 with fattiviracin a1 decreased its infectivity to vero cells. the mechanism of its antiviral activity may be due to inactivation of the viral particles and inhi ... | 1998 | 9918397 |
| inducible expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase from a bicistronic hiv1 vector. | the possibility of protecting human cd4+ lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv1) infection, through a suicide mechanism elicited by the hiv1 transcription apparatus itself, offers a potentially useful approach for gene therapy of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a replication-defective lentiviral hiv1 vector (hyires-tk) was designed to carry both the hygromycin (hy) phosphotransferase gene for positive selection and the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex viru ... | 1998 | 9923018 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 origin binding protein. specific recognition of phosphates and methyl groups defines the interacting surface for a monomeric dna binding domain in the major groove of dna. | the ul9 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes an origin binding protein (obp). it is an atp-dependent dna helicase and a sequence-specific dna-binding protein. the latter function is carried out by the c-terminal domain of obp (deltaobp). we have now performed a quantitative analysis of the interaction between deltaobp and its recognition sequence, gttcgcac, in oris. initially optimal conditions for binding were carefully determined. we observed that complexes with different electr ... | 1998 | 9733759 |
| modulation of virus-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity by plasmid dna encoding the cytokine interleukin-10. | this report evaluates the efficacy of eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding cytokines at modulating the induction and expression of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses to virus infections. mice given a single intramuscular administration of cytokine dna were subsequently infected with either herpes simplex virus (hsv) or vaccinia virus, then tested for dth. responses in animals given interleukin-10 dna were markedly suppressed for at least 5 weeks after pretreatment. animal ... | 1998 | 9741332 |
| polymorphisms of thymidine kinase gene in herpes simplex virus type 1: analysis of clinical isolates from herpetic keratitis patients and laboratory strains. | drug-resistance of herpes simplex virus (hsv) is caused most frequently by mutation of the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene. to elucidate the significance of detecting nucleotide changes of the tk gene for screening drug-resistant viruses, the frequency and variation of the genetic polymorphisms in the whole coding region of the tk gene were studied in 14 acyclovir-susceptible hsv type 1 (hsv-1) clinical isolates from 14 patients with epithelial herpetic keratitis. two reference hsv-1 laboratory ... | 1998 | 9746072 |
| double suicide gene (cytosine deaminase and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) but not single gene transfer allows reliable elimination of tumor cells in vivo. | suicide genes such as cytosine deaminase (cd) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) encode products that convert nontoxic substances (prodrugs) into toxic metabolites. suicide gene transfer is currently being used in cancer therapy or can be used as a safety modality. to analyze the reliability of suicide genes as a safety modality for a vaccination study with viable cytokine/b7 gene-modified tumor cells, the individual and combined efficacy of the two suicide genes was compared for in ... | 1998 | 9581908 |
| antiviral activity of viracea against acyclovir susceptible and acyclovir resistant strains of herpes simplex virus. | viracea, a topical microbicide, is a blend of benzalkonium chloride and phytochemicals derived from echinacea purpurea and is a proprietary formula from destiny biomedix corp. viracea was tested against 40 strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv): 15 strains (five hsv-1 and ten hsv-2) were resistant to acyclovir (acv-r) and 25 strains (13 hsv-1 and 12 hsv-2) were susceptible to acv (acv-s). the median ed50 of viracea for the five acv-r strains of hsv-1 was a 1:100 dilution of the drug with a range ... | 1998 | 9754950 |
| antigenic variation of varicella zoster virus fc receptor ge: loss of a major b cell epitope in the ectodomain. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is considered to possess a genetically stable genome; only one serotype is recognized around the world. the 125-kbp genome contains approximately 70 open reading frames. one that has received particular attention is open reading frame 68, which codes for glycoprotein ge, the predominant 623-residue viral envelope product that harbors both b and t cell epitopes. this report describes the initial characterization of a community-acquired vzv isolate that was a distingui ... | 1998 | 9740773 |
| heterogeneity of mouse spleen dendritic cells: in vivo phagocytic activity, expression of macrophage markers, and subpopulation turnover. | in the normal mouse spleen, two distinct populations of dendritic cells (dc) are present that differ in microanatomical location. the major population of marginal dc is found in the "marginal zone bridging channels" and extends into the red pulp. the interdigitating cells (idc) are localized in the t cell areas in the white pulp. the aim of the present study was to characterize these two splenic dc populations with regard to their phenotype, in vivo phagocytic function, and turnover. both margin ... | 1998 | 9498754 |
| nuclear redistribution of brca1 during viral infection. | the functions and the intracellular localization of the breast/ovarian susceptibility gene product, brca1, has been controversial. to arrive at a clear understanding of its localization and relative position to other nuclear structures, a new monoclonal antibody was produced and characterized by immunohistochemical techniques with other brca1 antibodies. each of the antibodies specifically detected brca1 as localized to specific nuclear domains and did so in a variety of cells and in a cell cycl ... | 1998 | 9751118 |
| tissue specific distribution of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts on polyribosomes during latent infection. | transcription of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) during latency produces two abundant latency-associated transcripts (lats). we have recently shown, that during hsv-1 latency in mice trigeminal ganglia (tg) lats are bound to polyribosomes (j virol, 1997, 71, 2897-2904). in order to study the possible role of this binding in the latency process, we now extend the polyribosomal analysis to brainstem tissues of latently infected mice, that unlike tg do not support viral reactivation. we report ... | 1998 | 9718134 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 2-amino-9-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-alkoxycarbonyloxybut-1-yl)purines as potential prodrugs of penciclovir. | a series of 2-amino-9-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-alkoxycarbonyloxybut-1-yl)purines (4-10) and 2-amino-9-(2-(2-oxo-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)ethyl)purine (1) were synthesized as potential prodrugs of penciclovir and evaluated for their oral penciclovir bioavailability in mice and rats. treatment of 2-(2-benzyloxyethyl)propane-1,3-diol (11) with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in thf followed by hydrogenolytic removal of the benzyl group of the resulting cyclic carbonate 12 gave 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one (13). m ... | 1998 | 9719596 |
| the probability of in vivo reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 increases with the number of latently infected neurons in the ganglia. | the purpose of this study was to define the relationship between herpes simplex virus (hsv) latency and in vivo ganglionic reactivation. groups of mice with numbers of latently infected neurons ranging from 1.9 to 24% were generated by varying the input titer of wild-type hsv type 1 strain 17syn+. reactivation of the virus in mice from each group was induced by hyperthermic stress. the number of animals that exhibited virus reactivation was positively correlated with the number of latently infec ... | 1998 | 9658140 |
| [diagnosis of herpetic uveitis and keratouveitis]. | in epithelial viral keratitis as in viral retinitis, the diagnosis is made on the basis of typical clinical findings. a laboratory confirmation is achieved in over 80% using routine laboratory methods. in contrast, it is almost impossible to confirm the diagnosis of stromal herpetic keratitis in vivo using the currently available laboratory methods. nothing is known about the situation in cases of viral anterior uveitis. | 1998 | 9677579 |
| viral encephalitis: a challenging diagnosis in an icu. | 1998 | 9677939 | |
| distinct domains in herpes simplex virus type 1 us11 protein mediate post-transcriptional transactivation of human t-lymphotropic virus type i envelope glycoprotein gene expression and specific binding to the rex responsive element. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv- 1) us11 protein is an rna-binding protein which is able to mediate post-transcriptional transactivation of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) envelope glycoprotein gene expression by interacting with the rex responsive element (xre) located at the 3' end of the env mrna. in view of this functional activity, and because us11 protein is capable of substituting for htlv-i rex protein, it was hypothesized that us11 protein should exhibit at least two functio ... | 1998 | 9680120 |
| 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridan: uncharged precursor of acriflavine and its unique antimicrobial activity. | 1998 | 9685231 | |
| molecular mimicry by herpes simplex virus-type 1: autoimmune disease after viral infection. | viral infection is sometimes associated with the initiation or exacerbation of autoimmune disease, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. one proposed mechanism is that viral determinants that mimic host antigens trigger self-reactive t cell clones to destroy host tissue. an epitope expressed by a coat protein of herpes simplex virus-type 1 (hsv-1) kos strain has now been shown to be recognized by autoreactive t cells that target corneal antigens in a murine model of autoimmune herpe ... | 1998 | 9478893 |
| identification of the sites of interaction between the scaffold and outer shell in herpes simplex virus-1 capsids by difference electron imaging. | formation of herpes simplex virus-1 capsids requires the presence of intact scaffolding proteins. the c terminus of the abundant scaffolding protein associates with the major capsid shell protein vp5 through hydrophobic interactions. after cleavage by the viral encoded protease, which removes their c-terminal 25 aa, the scaffolding proteins are released from the capsid. we have used electron cryomicroscopy and computer image processing to determine, to 13 a, the three-dimensional structures of c ... | 1998 | 9501166 |