Publications

construction of k88- and k99-expressing clones of salmonella typhimurium g30: immunogenicity following oral administration to pigs.	salmonella typhimurium g30 was used as a vector to express the etec (enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) fimbrial antigens k88 and k99. two plasmids encoding k88 or k99 production and having a non-antibiotic selection marker (thya+) were constructed. these were introduced into a thya g30 derivative to give the vaccine strains ex841 and ex603, which were shown to express surface k88 or k99, respectively. when administered orally to adult pigs, a dose of 10(11) vaccine organisms elicited significant ...	1994	7913567
protease-catalyzed conversion of insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin-6 into high-molecular-mass species through the sequential action of hematopoietic surface-associated cathepsin g and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-related activities.	interleukin-6 (il-6) and insulin-like growth-factor-1 (igf-1) are cytokines produced by a variety of cells that act on a wide range of tissues, influencing cell growth and differentiation. purified plasma membranes from human u937 monoblastic cells produced in vitro dimeric species of il-6- and igf-1-derived peptides through the sequential actions of surface-associated enzymes cathepsin g and transpeptidase activities. cathepsin g degraded native unglycosylated il-6 and igf-1 molecules into 8-kd ...	1994	7914487
analysis of genes coding for the major and minor fimbrial subunits of the prs-like fimbriae f165(1) of porcine septicemic escherichia coli strain 4787.	septicemic escherichia coli 4787 of porcine origin produces a prs-like fimbrial antigen, f165(1) which agglutinates sheep erythrocytes in a similar manner to prs fimbriae, but unlike the latter, also agglutinates pig erythrocytes. in a previous study, we reported the cloning of the f165(1) operon and showed that it encodes a prs-like adhesin. here, we report the sequence of the f165(1)a, and f165(1)efg genes. f165(1)a encodes a protein of 161 amino acids preceded by a signal peptide of 21 amino ...	1994	7914663
location of a folding protein and shape changes in groel-groes complexes imaged by cryo-electron microscopy.	protein folding mediated by the molecular chaperone groel occurs by its binding to non-native polypeptide substrates and is driven by atp hydrolysis. both of these processes are influenced by the reversible association of the co-protein, groes (refs 2-4). groel and other chaperonin 60 molecules are large, cylindrical oligomers consisting of two stacked heptameric rings of subunits; each ring forms a cage-like structure thought to bind polypeptides in a central cavity. chaperonins play a passive ...	1994	7915827
refolding and recognition of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by escherichia coli chaperonins cpn 60 (groel) and cpn10 (groes).	in vitro refolding of pig mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase is investigated in the presence of escherichia coli chaperonins cpn60 (groel) and cpn10 (groes). when the enzyme is initially denatured with 3 m guanidinium chloride, chaperonin-assisted refolding is 100% efficient. c.d. spectroscopy reveals that malate dehydrogenase is almost unfolded in 3 m guanidinium chloride, suggesting that a state with little or no residual secondary structure is the optimal 'substrate' for chaperonin-assisted r ...	1994	7916564
isolation of escherichia coli synthesized recombinant eukaryotic proteins that contain epsilon-n-acetyllysine.	recombinant porcine (rpst) and bovine somatotropins (rbst) synthesized in escherichia coli contain the amino acid, epsilon-n-acetyllysine. this amino acid was initially discovered in place of the normal lysine144 in a modified reversed-phase hplc (rp-hplc) species of rpst. mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing of a tryptic peptide isolated from this rp-hplc purified protein were used to identify this altered residue as epsilon-n-acetyllysine. ion-exchange chromatography was utilized to pre ...	1994	7920255
secondary structure and membrane interaction of pr-39, a pro+arg-rich antibacterial peptide.	pr-39 is a 4719-da peptide isolated from pig intestine and belonging to the recently discovered family of pro+arg-rich antibacterial peptides. pr-39 does not lyse escherichia coli, instead the lethal action is probably linked to the termination of dna and protein synthesis [boman, h. g., agerberth, b. & boman, a. (1993) infect. immun. 61, 2978-2984]. circular dichroism and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have been used to investigate the secondary structure of pr-39 in the absence or pre ...	1994	7925399
virulence properties and attaching-effacing activity of escherichia coli o45 from swine postweaning diarrhea.	escherichia coli o45 isolates associated with swine postweaning diarrhea in québec were characterized with respect to virulence determinants genetically and investigated for their attaching and effacing (a/e) activities by experimental inoculation of gnotobiotic piglets and by the hep-2 cell adherence assay. all of 32 isolates tested were negative for enterotoxigenic and verotoxigenic e. coli virulence determinants, heat-labile enterotoxin (lt), heat-stable enterotoxins (stap, stb), verotoxins ( ...	1994	7927670
analysis of a naturally occurring k99+ enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strain that fails to produce k99.	a spontaneously occurring field isolate of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli that was genotypically k99+ but phenotypically k99- was analyzed for the reason that it did not express k99. the defect, which was cis active, was located within an area 5' to the first gene required for k99 biogenesis and was the result of the deletion of a single base pair.	1994	7927743
liver mitochondrial cytochrome p450 cyp27 and recombinant-expressed human cyp27 catalyze 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3.	a cytochrome p450 catalyzing 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 was purified from pig liver mitochondria. it also catalyzed 27-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 and 25-hydroxylation of vitamin d3. the ratio between the 1 alpha-, 27-, and 25-hydroxylase activities remained essentially constant during the purification. substrates for sterol 27-hydroxylase cyp27 inhibited and a monoclonal antibody raised against cyp27 immunoprecipitated the 1 alpha-, 27-, and 25-hydroxylase activitie ...	1994	7937829
prevalence of f107 fimbriae on escherichia coli isolated from pigs with oedema disease or postweaning diarrhoea.	the study comprises fifty 4 to 12 weeks old pigs that died from oedema disease or severe diarrhoea. smears were prepared from the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and by immunofluorescence f107 fimbrial antigens were detected. e. coli strains were isolated from the intestines and were characterised by slide agglutination (serogroup and f107 fimbriae production), by their cytotoxicity for vero cells, and by gene amplification (genes coding for the major f107 subunit feda, the toxin causing ...	1994	7941287
cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of the orf4 gene of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus mn-1b.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) mn-1b strain open reading frame 4 (orf4) has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. the homologies of nucleotide and amino acid sequences between mn-1b (us isolate) and lv (european isolate) are 69% and 64%, respectively. the data also showed that orf4 of mn-1b is 36 bases shorter than that of lv. western blot analysis of expressed recombinant orf4 protein reacted with 65% (26/40) of prrsv-infected pig sera tested. t ...	1994	7948197
bacteriological analysis of uncooked pork sausages in relation to public health.	one hundred and eighteen samples of uncooked pork sausages were analysed bacteriologically. the total aerobic plate count ranged from 1.8 x 10(8) to 9.2 x 10(8) cfu/g in the samples. high mean counts of staphylococci, enterococci, micrococci, bacillus cereus, salmonella and coliforms were observed. staphylococcus aureus were encountered with count range 2.8 x 10(6) cfu/g to 7.4 x 10(6) cfu/g. the viable count of escherichia coli ranged from 2.0 x 10(5) to 4.3 x 10(5) cfu/g. clostridium perfringe ...	1994	7959987
nmr studies of 1h resonances in the 10-18-ppm range for cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase.	continuing a previous investigation (kintanar, a., metzler, c. m., metzler, d. e., and scott, r. d. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 17222-17229), we have recorded 1h nmr spectra at 500 mhz in the 10-18-ppm range for the 93-kda porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase and for four specific mutant forms of the enzyme in which histidine 68 has been replaced by lysine or histidine 143, 189, or 193 has been replaced by glutamine. we have correlated resonances for apoenzyme, pyridoxamine and pyridoxal ...	1994	7961736
characterization of three putative serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysins.	serpulina hyodysenteriae hemolysin is though to be an important virulence factor in swine dysentery. one gene, tlya, previously called tly, encoding a hemolysin in s. hyodysenteriae strain b204 has been characterized (muir et al. infect immun 1992; 60: 529-35). two other genes of s. hyodysenteria strain b204, designated tlyb and tlyc, encoding hemolytic proteins in escherichia coli strain dh5 alpha were cloned and sequenced. the tlyb and tlyc genes, when expressed in e. coli, encode heat-labile, ...	1994	7968456
pig intestinal membrane-bound receptor (guanylyl cyclase) for heat-stable enterotoxin: cdna cloning, functional expression, and characterization.	a cdna encoding the receptor protein for a heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli was cloned from intestinal epithelial cells of a 10-week-old pig. the cdna had an open reading frame of 3,219 base pairs and coded for a protein with 1,073 amino acid residues. the mature protein consisted of 1,050 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of ca. 121 kda and was 87% and 82% identical with the human and rat protein, respectively. the cho cell line overexpressing t ...	1994	7968686
shared active sites of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. arginine 243 mediates substrate binding and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate inhibition.	the active site of pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.11) is shared between subunits, arg-243 of one chain interacting with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate or fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in the active site of an adjacent chain. in this study, arg-243 was replaced by alanine using techniques of site-specific mutagenesis and the cloned pig kidney enzyme expressed in escherichia coli. compared with wild-type enzyme, kinetic parameters of the altered enzyme characterizing catalytic efficiency, ...	1994	7989306
studies on the kinetic mechanism of pig kidney d-amino acid oxidase by site-directed mutagenesis of tyrosine 224 and tyrosine 228.	expression conditions in escherichia coli of wild-type, y224f, and y228f mutants of pig kidney d-amino acid oxidase (daao) have been changed to yield more enzyme. the mutated proteins show spectral properties similar to those of the wild-type enzyme, in all oxidation-reduction states. all enzymes were studied by steady state and rapid reaction methods. turnover numbers determined for y224f daao with different substrates were similar to those of wild-type protein, while the y228f daao always show ...	1994	7989339
phenotypic expression of recombinant plasmids pkt107 and phk11 in an avirulent avian escherichia coli.	an avirulent wild-type avian escherichia coli strain (av) was electrotransformed with plasmids coding for complement resistance (pkt107) and colicin v (colv) production (phk11) in order to study the effects of complement resistance and colv production on virulence. transformants were also compared with the wild type for embryo lethality, uptake by macrophages, motility, growth rate, plasmid content, and hemolysis. growth rates and complement resistance patterns of strain av and transformant av+p ...	1994	8002880
m1 protein and protein h: iggfc- and albumin-binding streptococcal surface proteins encoded by adjacent genes.	m1 protein and protein h are surface proteins simultaneously present at the surface of certain strains of streptococcus pyogenes, important pathogenic bacteria in humans. the present study concerns the structure, protein-binding properties and relationship between these two molecules. the gene encoding m1 protein (emm1) was found immediately upstream of the protein h gene (sph). both genes were preceded by a promoter region. comparison of the sequences revealed a high degree of similarity in the ...	1994	8010973
inhibition of phosphomannose isomerase by mercury ions.	mercury ions can inhibit candida albicans phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) by two different processes at sub-micromolar concentrations. kinetic studies show that mercury ions are in rapid equilibrium with the enzyme and cause a clear partial noncompetitive inhibition when mannose 6-phosphate is used as the substrate. the inhibition constants at 37 degrees c in 50 mm hepes buffer, ph 8.0, are 35 and 57 nm for kii and kis, respectively. in addition to this inhibition at rapid equilibrium, mercury io ...	1994	8011630
animals as a source of escherichia coli pathogenic for human beings.	symptoms of slt e coli-induced enteric disease in human beings include watery diarrhea, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and, in some cases, hus. the most frequent serotype associated with hus is o157:h7, although several other serotypes have also been implicated. these organisms produce slt-i, slt-ii, or both toxins. factors other than slt are implicated as virulence attributes, such as adhesins and enterohemolysins, but roles for these factors in the pathogenicity of these organisms have not been defined ...	1994	8014086
[effectiveness of rhodovet for the prevention of coli enterotoxemia in a swine breeding facility].	the coli enterotoxemia caused by coli serotype 0139 occurred in contrary to the generally observed course of this infection through several weeks and was exceedingly detrimental. almost exclusively the shock and oedema form of coli enterotoxemia was seen. the application of usual schemes of prophylaxis and therapy did not effect durable reduction of animal losses. with the daily oral application of rhodovet, a drug containing thiocyanate, in doses of 3.5 kg/t feed during 5 weeks the morbidity re ...	1994	7717961
effect of creep feeding on selected microflora and short-chain fatty acids in the ileum of weanling pigs.	pigs cannulated at the ileum were used to investigate the effect of creep feeding on specific intestinal microflora and vfa and lactate concentrations. in two replicate trials performed 50 d apart, a total of 24 15-d-old nursing pigs from seven sows were cannulated in the terminal ileum and randomly assigned to two test groups. one group was allowed access to a creep diet, whereas the other group was denied access to the diet by removal from the farrowing crate. ileal samples were collected at 1 ...	1994	7759366
plasma tumor necrosis factor and post-traumatic hyperdynamic sepsis evoked by endotoxin.	to examine the role of systemic plasma tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in the septic response following trauma, an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (lps)) challenge was administered to anesthetized mongrel pigs 72 h following either hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation or sham shock. for tnf to be considered a mediator, at least two conditions should be satisfied: a tnf increase should precede other manifestations of the septic response and the magnitude of that increase should correlate with the symptoms. ...	1994	7735948
early endotoxic shock results in enhanced vasodilator responses to nitroglycerin but unaltered responses to neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance p.	to determine the role that vasoactive neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance p play in tissue-blood flow regulation during early septic shock, we examined the responsiveness of arteries removed from pigs 3 h after administration of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or saline vehicle. the carotid, cranial mesenteric, and left anterior descending coronary arteries were excised, and rings were cut from each vessel. constrictor responses were obtained to cumulative doses of ...	1994	7537618
modulation of lung injury by platelet-activating factor antagonism in nonhypotensive porcine endotoxemia.	endotoxemia was induced by intravenous infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin in 18 anesthetized pigs in a dose of 36 micrograms/kg/hr. nine pigs were pretreated with bb-882, a novel platelet-activating factor (paf) antagonist, 33 mg/kg/hr, starting 30 min before endotoxin, and nine pigs received a similar volume of vehicle. normotension was maintained with intravenous crystalloid resuscitation. six pigs received only bb-882 and served as controls. endotoxemia induced an acute transient 300% inc ...	1994	7600638
molecular characterization of dog albumin as a cross-reactive allergen.	indoor allergens comprise a group of allergenic proteins that are commonly derived from house dust mite and cat and dog dander. in addition to the two major dog allergens (molecular weights: 19 and 23 kd), dog albumin represents an important allergen for up to 35% of patients who are allergic to dogs. in ige immunoblot inhibition studies and histamine release tests it has been demonstrated that patients who react to dog albumin exhibit ige reactivity with purified albumins from cat, mouse, chick ...	1994	7512102
[study of the transmembrane organization of the c-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of na+,k+-atpase using polyclonal antibodies to its perimembrane fragments].	the fragments 825-842, 868-886, 928-945, 946-967, 962-978 of the alpha-subunit of the porcine na+,k(+)-atpase were expressed in e. coli as fusion proteins with human tumour necrosis factor. polyclonal antibodies were obtained to these fragments. the location of the chosen fragments according to the plasma membrane was determined with the polyclonal antibodies by elisa on intact, lysed or solubilized pig kidney embryo cells. the fragments 825-842, 928-945, and 962-978 contained intracellular epit ...	1994	7530006
major antigenic epitopes of bullous pemphigoid 230 kda antigen map within the c-terminal end of the protein. evidence using a 55 kda recombinant protein.	in order to obtain greater insight into the nature of b-cell epitopes in bullous pemphigoid (bp), we generated a bp recombinant protein of 55 kda m(r) (rbp 55) from a cdna sequence encoding for the carboxyterminal region of the 230 kda bp antigen. serum igg from guinea-pigs immunized with rbp 55 stained the basement membrane zone of normal human skin and immunoprecipitated the rbp 55 protein, and also the 230 kda bp antigen recovered from extracts of cultured keratinocytes, thus confirming that ...	1995	7534103
immunochemical analyses of human plasma fibronectin-cytosolic transglutaminase interactions.	fibronectin is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion, tissue organization and wound healing. transglutaminase binding and covalent cross-linking of fibronectin are physiologically important reactions. we describe microtiter plate-based immunochemical methods to analyze cytosolic transglutaminase-human plasma fibronectin interactions. the method was sensitive, specific, species-independent and capable of simultaneously analyzing 96 samples for binding. binding was time-, temperature- and conce ...	1995	7534805
fall-39, a putative human peptide antibiotic, is cysteine-free and expressed in bone marrow and testis.	pr-39, a proline/arginine-rich peptide antibiotic, has been purified from pig intestine and later shown to originate in the bone marrow. intending to isolate a clone for a human counterpart to pr-39, we synthesized a pcr probe derived from the pr-39 gene. however, when this probe was used to screen a human bone marrow cdna library, eight clones were obtained with information for another putative human peptide antibiotic, designated fall-39 after the first four residues. fall-39 is a 39-residue p ...	1995	7529412
identification of intestinal receptors for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.		1995	7476396
effects of staphylococcus aureus mastitis after endotoxin application on milk yield and composition during subsequent lactation of guinea-pigs.	the effects of staphylococcus aureus mastitis on milk yield and composition throughout subsequent lactation in lactating guinea-pigs and the role of endotoxin pretreatment on these phenomena were investigated. primiparous lactating guinea-pigs were intramammarily inoculated with sterile saline (group 1), s. aureus strain uc 6097 (group 2), or with s. aureus uc 6097 after endotoxin pretreatment (group 3). clinical signs and survival rate were monitored. during the second lactation, daily milk yie ...	1995	7483905
increased efficiency of groe-assisted protein folding by manganese ions.	this study addresses the role of atp-bound and free mg2+ and mn2+ ions in the activation and modulation of chaperonin-assisted refolding of urea-denatured malate dehydrogenase. as compared with mg2+, mn2+ ions caused a significant increase in the rate of groe-assisted malate dehydrogenase refolding and, concomitantly, a decrease in the rate of atp hydrolysis. moreover, mn2+ increases the affinity of groes for groel, even in the presence of saturating amounts of mg2+. chemical cross-linking showe ...	1995	7499341
endogenous tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production and modification of pathological lesions in experimental escherichia coli endotoxemia of piglets.	we examined the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) in relation to lps tolerance and endotoxemic lesions of piglets. the plasma of piglets demonstrated cytotoxicity to tnf-sensitive l929 cells between 0.5 and 4 h after inoculation with 200 micrograms kg-1 of lps. this cytotoxicity was neutralized by anti-bovine tnf serum. these piglets had disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) and meningoencephalitis. however, if piglets ...	1995	7604537
a novel bacteristatic action of bovine and porcine serum that is reversed by norepinephrine.	a previously unreported anti-bacterial activity against escherichia coli has been found in porcine and bovine sera, but not in human or chicken sera. the activity is not affected by heat inactivation of the complement system, and is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. growth inhibition is reversible by addition of norepinephrine.	1995	7623610
structure of the gene for porcine peptide antibiotic pr-39, a cathelin gene family member: comparative mapping of the locus for the human peptide antibiotic fall-39.	pr-39 is a porcine 39-aa peptide antibiotic composed of 49% proline and 24% arginine, with an activity against gram-negative bacteria comparable to that of tetracycline. in escherichia coli, it inhibits dna and protein synthesis. pr-39 was originally isolated from pig small intestine, but subsequent cdna cloning showed that the gene is expressed in the bone marrow. the open reading frame of the clone showed that pr-39 is made as 173-aa precursor whose proregion belongs to the cathelin family. th ...	1995	7624374
the role of the eaea gene in diarrhea and neurological complications in a gnotobiotic piglet model of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infection.	we reported previously that mutation of the chromosomal gene eaea from enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) serotype o157:h7 prevented bacterial attachment in vivo. attachment was restored when the ehec or enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) eaea gene was introduced into the mutant on a plasmid. in this communication we have compared in gnotobiotic piglets the pathogenicities of wild-type o157:h7 strain 86-24 and its eaea mutant umd619 with those of the two plasmid-complemented strains expressi ...	1995	7642299
enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 requires intimin to colonize the gnotobiotic pig intestine and to adhere to hep-2 cells.	in a previous study, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 with a deletion and insertion in the eaea gene encoding intimin was used to establish that intimin is required for the organism to attach to and efface microvilli in the piglet intestine (m. s. donnenberg, s. tzipori, m. l. mckee, a. d. o'brien, j. alroy, and j. b. kaper, j. clin. invest. 92:1418-1424, 1993). however, in the same investigation, a role for intimin in ehec adherence to hep-2 cells could not be definitively demo ...	1995	7642319
cnf1 toxin-producing strains of escherichia coli isolated from weaner pigs with necrotic enteritis in south africa.		1995	7645186
interaction of alpha-lipoic acid enantiomers and homologues with the enzyme components of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.	lipoic acid (alpha-lipoic acid, thioctic acid) is applied as a therapeutic agent in various diseases accompanied by polyneuropathia such as diabetes mellitus. the stereoselectivity and specificity of lipoic acid for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and its component enzymes from different sources has been studied. the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component from pig heart has a clear preference for r-lipoic acid, a substrate which reacts 24 times faster than the s-enantiomer. selectivity is m ...	1995	7669066
cloning, characterization, and tissue distribution of porcine spai, a protein with a transglutaminase substrate domain and the wap motif.	the primary and gene structures and tissue distribution of porcine spai-2, a protein that belongs to the wap protein superfamily and has a sodium-potassium atpase inhibitory activity, were determined by molecular cloning and northern analysis. a full-length cdna clone was isolated from a porcine duodenum cdna library. the cdna insert encoded a polypeptide of 187 amino acids, which is composed of three domains: a hydrophobic presequence of 21 amino acids, a prosegment of 105 amino acids ending wi ...	1995	7673229
effects of inhaled nitric oxide on right ventricular function in endotoxin shock.	sepsis has been shown to cause right ventricular (rv) dysfunction, which may be related to pulmonary hypertension and increased rv afterload. this study evaluates the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (no), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, on rv function in a porcine model of endotoxemia. after an infusion of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps; 200 micrograms/kg), animals were resuscitated with saline (1 ml/kg/min) and observed for 3 hours while being mechanically ventilated (fio2 = 0.6, t ...	1995	7674383
virulence markers of shiga-like toxin-producing escherichia coli strains originating from healthy domestic animals of different species.	shiga-like toxin (verotoxin)-producing strains of escherichia coli (sltec) originating from healthy cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, cats, and dogs were investigated for properties which are related to virulence of e. coli for humans. the slt-ii (shiga-like toxin ii) and slt-iic genes were frequent in sltec from healthy cattle and dogs but were rarely found in sltec from other animals. the slt-iie gene was detected only in porcine sltec. sltec from goats and sltec from sheep were found to carry diffe ...	1995	7538509
[enterotoxigenic, verotoxigenic, and necrotoxigenic escherichia coli in food and clinical samples. role of animals as reservoirs of strains pathogenic for humans].	toxigenic escherichia coli of human and animal origin have been classified into three categories: enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), verotoxigenic e. coli (vtec), and necrotoxigenic e. coli (ntec), etec are a major cause of infant diarrhoea in less-developed countries and frequently cause colibacillosis in domestic animals. human etec strains may synthesize lt-i and/or sta enterotoxins and they may possess the colonization factors cfa/i to cfa/iv; porcine strains synthesize lt-i, sta and/or stb, an ...	1995	7546450
molecular cloning and functional expression of bacteriophage pk1e-encoded endoneuraminidase endo ne.	homopolymeric alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid (psa) has been found as a capsular component of sepsis- and meningitis-causing bacterial pathogens, and on eukaryotic cells as a post-translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam). the polysaccharide is specifically recognized and degraded by a phage-encoded enzyme, the endo-n-acetylneuraminidase e (endo ne). endo ne therefore has become a valuable tool in the study of bacterial pathogenesis and eukaryotic morphogenesis. in this ...	1995	7565105
neonatal escherichia coli infection and segmental arterial necrosis: similarity to edema disease of weanling swine.	a 32-wk gestation female patient had escherichia coli pneumonia, hyaline membranes, and pulmonary hemorrhage and died 20 h after birth. e. coli was cultured from the placenta and from both lungs at autopsy. in the lungs and other organs, bland segmental necrosis of the wall of small arteries and arterioles was observed. it was morphologically indistinguishable from that seen in naturally occurring and experimentally induced edema disease of swine, which suggests both conditions may share a commo ...	1995	7567947
molecular cloning and deduced amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta- subunits of mammalian nad(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase.	a 153 bp fragment of the cdna encoding the beta-subunit of pig heart nad(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase (nad(+)-icdh) was specifically amplified by pcr, using redundant oligonucleotide primers based on partial peptide sequence data [huang and colman (1990) biochemistry 29, 8266-8273]. this pcr fragment was then used as a probe to isolate cdna clones encoding the complete mature form of the beta-subunit from a monkey testis cdna library. examination of the deduced amino acid sequence of the monkey s ...	1995	7575427
correlation between catalytic activity and protein content for the polymorphically expressed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in human lymphocytes.	a tlc procedure was developed to determine dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (dpd) activity in human peripheral lymphocytes. the assay, which used radiolabeled uracil as a substrate, was validated using recombinant pig dpd in which it was demonstrated to yield kinetic constants similar to those found by methods that rely on either spectroscopic determination of nadph oxidation or hplc. dpd activity was measured in a group of human lymphocyte extracts, including an extract from a subject that actua ...	1995	7575656
direct expression of pig testicular 3 alpha/beta (20 beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in escherichia coli.	the cdna coding for pig testicular 3 alpha/beta (20 beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was expressed in escherichia coli by placing it under the control of an isopropylthiogalactoside (iptg) inducible tac promoter. production of 3 alpha/beta (20 beta)-hsd was demonstrated by western blotting and by catalytic activity with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone as a substrate for 3 alpha/beta-hsd, and progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as substrates for 20 beta-hsd in the presence of nadph. the 3 ...	1995	7577708
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase: arginine-22 is involved in stabilization of the t allosteric state.	a comparison of the x-ray crystallographic structures of the r and t allosteric states [ke, h. m., liang, j.-y., zhang, y., & lipscomb, w. n. (1991) biochemistry 30, 4412-4420] of the pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.11) reveals major changes in the quaternary structure of the enzyme upon the binding of the allosteric inhibitor amp. this change in quaternary structure involves the breaking of one set of interactions that stabilize the r state and the formation of another set of i ...	1995	7577911
nk-lysin, a novel effector peptide of cytotoxic t and nk cells. structure and cdna cloning of the porcine form, induction by interleukin 2, antibacterial and antitumour activity.	a 78 residue antimicrobial, basic peptide, nk-lysin, with three intrachain disulfide bonds was purified from pig small intestine and characterized. a corresponding clone was isolated from a porcine bone marrow cdna library. the 780 bp dna sequence had a reading frame of 129 amino acids which corresponded to nk-lysin. the clone was used to show that stimulation with human interleukin-2 induced synthesis of nk-lysin-specific mrna in a lymphocyte fraction enriched for t and nk cells. lower levels o ...	1995	7737114
streptococcal protein mag--a protein with broad albumin binding specificity.	protein mag is a cell surface protein from streptococcus dysgalactiae which binds alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2m), serum albumin and immunoglobulin g (igg). in this work protein mag was expressed in escherichia coli, purified and analysed for its albumin-binding specificity. the binding of protein mag to serum albumins of different species origin was studied in a dot-blot assay and compared with the binding of streptococcal protein g, so far the best studied bacterial albumin receptor. the albu ...	1995	7766685
antibacterial proteins from porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils.	antibacterial peptides were purified from porcine neutrophil granules collected from healthy pigs. granule proteins, extracted with 0.2 mol/l sodium acetate were subjected to ion-exchange chromatography and five peaks (designated a to e) were detected. individual porcine neutrophil granule proteins were shown to inhibit the growth of target organisms escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. the antimicrobial activity was shown to be concentration and time dependent. peak d showed strong antim ...	1995	7768543
highly specific confirmatory western blot test for african swine fever virus antibody detection using the recombinant virus protein p54.	a western blot technique using a recombinant protein has been developed to confirm positive results obtained in african swine fever (asf)-specific antibody detection by elisa. the new confirmatory western blot is based on the use of protein p54, one of the most antigenic asf virus structural proteins, expressed in escherichia coli fused to the n-terminus of ms2 polymerase. the recombinant western blot assay was highly specific and equally sensitive for asf virus-infected pigs detection as the co ...	1995	7769024
effects of endotoxin on isolated porcine liver: pressure-flow analysis.	the peripheral vascular response to sepsis is characterized by a vasodilatation of the systemic arterial vessels. pulmonary hypertension with an increase in resistance and back pressure to flow defined by pressure-flow (p-q) relationships has been reported in experimental sepsis. we hypothesized that endotoxin can induce differential alterations in resistance and back pressure to flow in the liver venous and arterial beds. ninety minutes after endotoxin administration in intact anesthetized pigs ...	1995	7775319
histopathological features in the small intestine of pigs infected with f4ac+ non-enterotoxigenic or enterotoxigenic strains of escherichia coli.	four porcine strains of escherichia coli were examined for their effects on the small intestine of 4-week-old weaned pigs infected orogastrically. the strains used experimentally were: strain 1467 (adhesin negative, non-toxigenic); strains 2407 and 1466 (adhesin positive, non-toxigenic), derived by genetical engineering from strain 1467 and containing a wild type plasmid and a recombinant plasmid, respectively, encoding the f4 antigen (adhesin); and strain m1823 (adhesin positive, toxigenic). in ...	1995	7722005
inhibitory effects of diclofenac on the endotoxin shock response in relation to endothelin turnover in the pig.	during sepsis vasoactive arachidonic acid metabolites of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway and the endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (et-1) are released. the effects of cyclo-oxygenase pathway inhibition by diclofenac on the endotoxin shock response and et-1 turnover, were investigated in five groups of pigs. in the first group (n = 7; controls) endotoxin (15 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 i.v.) was infused for two hours. in a second endotoxin group (n = 7), the animals were pretreated with diclof ...	1995	7725884
biosynthetic conversion of phosphatidylglycerol to sn-1:sn-1' bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate in a macrophage-like cell line.	bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate has a unique stereoconfiguration of sn-glycero-1-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol and is synthesized from exogenous phosphatidylglycerol by macrophages. previous work by our laboratory showed that the macrophage-like cell line raw 264.7 synthesizes sn-glycero-1-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate. here we describe studies using raw 264.7 cells that examine the biosynthetic pathway by which bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate is formed. experiments were conduc ...	1995	7727416
comparing the refolding and reoxidation of recombinant porcine growth hormone from a urea denatured state and from escherichia coli inclusion bodies.	overexpression of cloned genes in bacteria often leads to insoluble refractile body formation requiring solubilization and refolding to obtain biologically active proteins. a refolding pathway was established for a model protein, porcine growth hormone (pgh), yielding an appreciably high recovery of 85%. the conditions include the dilution of a urea, beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-me) denatured pgh solution in a refolding environment containing 3.5 m urea and 10 mm beta-me/hed at a 10:1 ratio at ph ...	1995	7727438
cloning, expression and tissue distribution of mouse tetrameric carbonyl reductase. identity with an adipocyte 27-kda protein.	we previously cloned a cdna for pig lung tetrameric carbonyl reductase which shows significant similarity to a putative 27-kda protein predicted from the cdna for murine adipocyte rna which had been increased in its differentiation [nakanishi, m., deyashiki, y., nakayama, t., sato, k. & hara, a. (1993) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 194, 1311-1316]. in this investigation, we isolated and sequenced a full-length cdna for the tetrameric enzyme from a mouse lung cdna library. it consisted of 984 bp ...	1995	7705352
cytokines regulate endotoxin stimulation of endothelial cell arginine transport.	endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) stimulates transmembrane l-arginine transport in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (paecs). the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin-1 (il-1) mediate many of the pathophysiologic effects of endotoxemia and sepsis. endothelial cells secrete tnf and il-1 in response to endotoxin. we hypothesize that lipopolysaccharide stimulation of plasma membrane l-arginine transport is mediated via an autocrine cytokine loop involving tnf and il-1 ...	1995	7846628
enhanced binding of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k99 to amide derivatives of the receptor ganglioside neugc-gm3.	a natural receptor in pig small intestine [teneberg, s., willemsen, p., de graaf, f. k., & karlsson, k.-a. (1990) febs lett. 263, 10-14] for the enterotoxigenic bacteria escherichia coli k99 is the ganglioside neugc-gm3 (neugc alpha 3gal beta 4glc beta cer) [e.g., h. smit, w. gaastra, j. p. kamerling, j. f. g. vliegenthart, & f. k. de graaf (1984) infect. immun. 46, 578-584]. chemical modifications of the carboxyl group of this ganglioside were performed, giving five different amides, the methyl ...	1995	7849044
characterization of a ubiquitinated protein which is externally located in african swine fever virions.	an antiserum was raised against the african swine fever virus (asfv)-encoded ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (ubcv1) and used to demonstrate by western blotting (immunoblotting) and immunofluorescence that the enzyme is present in purified extracellular virions, is expressed both early and late after infection of cells with asfv, and is cytoplasmically located. antiubiquitin serum was used to identify novel ubiquitin conjugates present during asfv infections. this antiserum stained virus factories ...	1995	7853518
gastric and extragastric actions of the histamine antagonist ranitidine during posttraumatic sepsis.	histamine h2 antagonists (e.g., ranitidine) are generally thought to specifically reduce gastric acid secretion and are commonly used for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients because of their efficacy and safety profile. a few reports suggest that ranitidine might also bind to extragastric sites and/or act as an immunomodulator. the potential effects on posttraumatic sepsis are unknown.	1995	7809839
continuous negative extrathoracic pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure. a comparative study in escherichia coli endotoxin-treated neonatal piglets.	recent clinical studies have suggested that improvement in pulmonary gas exchange with the use of continuous negative extrathoracic pressure (cnep) in conjunction with intermittent mandatory ventilation (imv) may be due to increased pulmonary blood flow. accordingly, we investigated the effects of cnep vs positive end-expiratory pressure (peep) in ventilated neonatal piglets after escherichia coli endotoxin was administered to induce pulmonary hypertension. two experimental groups of piglets wit ...	1995	7813286
the export systems of type 1 and f1c fimbriae are interchangeable but work in parental pairs.	type 1 and f1c fimbriae are surface organelles of escherichia coli which mediate receptor-specific binding to different host surfaces. such fimbriae are found, among others, on strains associated with urinary tract infections. biosynthesis of type 1 and f1c fimbrial organelles requires individual, specialized two-component assembly systems. the organization of the fim and foc gene clusters encoding these fimbriae, as well as the structure of the organelles, is very similar; however, the actual s ...	1995	7836295
n-ethylmaleimide profiling of yeast nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.	yeast nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is inactivated by n-ethyl-maleimide (nem) at ph 7.7 and 30 degrees c. reaction with cysteine382 occurs most rapidly and is accompanied by loss of about 50% of the enzymatic activity. a slower phase of inactivation ensues during which lysine343 is the major target of nem, while minor products result from reaction at cysteine73 and cysteine354. protection against the second phase of inactivation is provided by nadp, naph, or manganous-isocitrate. compa ...	1995	7840654
cloning of determinants encoding f165(2) fimbriae from porcine septicaemic escherichia coli confirms their identity as f1c fimbriae.	cloning of the f165(2) operon that encodes f1c-like fimbriae in escherichia coli indicates that this operon is a member of the s/foc family. the genetic determinant coding for the f165(2) fimbriae was cloned from the chromosome of the porcine e. coli wild-type strain 4787 (o115:k-1:h51:f165). the cloned f165(2) and the wild-type operon expressed a major fimbrial protein subunit of molecular mass 17.2 kda that was detected by anti-f165 and anti-f1c polyclonal sera. the sequences of the f165(2)a a ...	1995	7894716
polymerase chain reaction for identification of human and porcine spirochaetes recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of 16s rdna was developed to identify spirochaetes recovered from cases of intestinal spirochaetosis in humans and pigs; these bacteria belong to a distinct genetic group of spirochaetes, with the proposed name 'anguillina coli'. the pcr incorporated a universal eubacterial 16s rdna sequencing primer (1492r), and a 21-base forward primer designed to include a nucleotide sequence specific for 'a. coli'. the pcr was used to correctly identify dna ext ...	1995	7875570
bacterial expression and refolding of single-chain fv fragments with c-terminal cysteines.	two antibody single-chain fv (scfv) fragments carrying five c-terminal histidine residues were expressed in escherichia coli as periplasmic inclusion bodies. their variable heavy (vh) and light (vl) domains are derived from the mouse monoclonal antibody 215 (mab215), specific for the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii of drosophila melanogaster and rat mab yol1/34, specific for pig brain alpha-tubulin. scfv-215 contains an additional cysteine residue near to its c-terminus. after solubilizatio ...	1995	8521451
increased mannose-specific adherence and colonizing ability of escherichia coli 083 in breast-fed infants.		1995	8525957
factors influencing the fate of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium in germ-free piglets and rats.		1995	8525970
efficacy of meropenem in experimental meningitis.	meropenem and comparator antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, benzyl penicillin and a combination of ampicillin plus gentamicin, were evaluated in a model of bacterial meningitis in the guinea-pig. the model is an acute infection in which challenge with each organism, if untreated, causes an increase in numbers of white blood cells, elevation of protein concentrations and 6-8 log10 cfu/ml of bacteria in the csf. infections caused by haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, thr ...	1995	8543501
veterinary use of new quinolones in japan.	five new quinolones are used as veterinary medicines in japan. benofloxacin and ofloxacin are orally given in feed or in drinking water for respiratory diseases due to mycoplasma spp. and escherichia coli in poultry. enrofloxacin is subcutaneously, intramuscularly or orally administered to cattle and swine for pneumonia due to pasteurella spp., mycoplasma spp. and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and diarrhoea due to e. coli, and is used orally for respiratory diseases in poultry. danofloxacin is ...	1995	8549286
liposomal cefoxitin in a porcine model of intra-abdominal sepsis: bactericidal efficacy.	the bactericidal effect of free versus liposomal cefoxitin was evaluated in the major reticuloendothelial organs in a porcine model of intra-abdominal sepsis. yorkshire landrace pigs were inoculated with 3.2 x 10(10) (n = 5) or 1.4 x 10(11) (n = 7) cfu of escherichia coli mixed in sterile feces/animal. two treatment groups inoculated with 1.4 x 10(11) cfu were established: free cefoxitin (n = 9) and liposomal cefoxitin (n = 9). all animals were maintained under anesthesia and euthanized after 24 ...	1995	8595526
antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli isolates from the faecal flora of veterinarians with different professional specialties.	the prevalence of antibiotic resistant escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples from 110 veterinarians with different specialties (predominantly working with cattle, swine, poultry, or small animals or working as a non-practitioner, e.g. in government or industry) was investigated. in 22% and 13% of the veterinarians e. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to oxytetracycline and ampicillin respectively. a significantly higher percentage of cattle practitioners had a high level of ...	1995	8751277
aggregation-promoting factor in pig intestinal lactobacillus strains.	autoaggregation was frequently encountered among intestinal lactobacilli isolated from weaned pigs. the aggregation mechanism was shown to be mediated by the production of a proteinaceous aggregation-promoting factor in two strains of lactobacillus reuteri. a 32 kda aggregation-promoting protein was detected in these strains by cross-reaction with rabbit polyclonal antibodies for aggregation-promoting factor produced by the human isolate lact. plantarum 4b2. coaggregation reactions of lact. reut ...	1995	8554760
study of hemagglutinating property of enteroinvasive escherichia coli from various geographical locations.	thirty-four strains of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) were examined for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes from different animal species. all strains cultured in casamino acid-yeast extract medium in the presence of 1 mm cacl2 at 37 c for 16-22 hr induced maximal expression of hemagglutination (ha) of broad spectrum erythrocytes. the strongest ha was observed with guinea-pig erythrocytes followed by human (o type), rat, mouse, rabbit and sheep erythrocytes. all the strains failed ...	1995	8569044
cloning and expression of dipeptidase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus atcc 23055.	the gene encoding dipeptidase was cloned from acinetobacter calcoaceticus atc 23055. determination of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the gene had an open reading flame of 1,050 bp coding a protein of 350 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence showed 48.8% similarity to human renal dipeptidases and conserved two amino acid residues identified in human and pig renal dipeptidases as essential ones for the catalytic activity. purified recombinant enzyme expressed in escherichia coli did ...	1995	8690717
effects of oil adjuvant on systemic response to escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in swine.	intramuscular injection of 0.1 mg/kg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) mixed with freund's complete adjuvant (lps+fca) in piglets mitigated the leukopenia and tnf-alpha and cortisol levels in the serum compared with that of lps suspended in lps-free saline. the endotoxin level in the serum of the lps+fca was remarkably reduced. these results suggest that the addition of oil adjuvant mitigate the systemic toxicity of lps.	1995	8720054
modulation of the activity of human 17 alpha-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase (cyp17) by cytochrome b5: endocrinological and mechanistic implications.	using nadph-cytochrome p-450 reductase as electron donor the homogeneous pig 17 alpha-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase (cyp17) was shown to catalyse the conversion of delta 5, as well as delta 4, steroids (pregnenolone and progesterone respectively) predominantly into the corresponding 17 alpha-hydroxylated products. the latter were then cleaved by the lyase (desmolase) activity of the enzyme into androgens. cytochrome b5 stimulated both these activities, but its most noticeable effect was on the formati ...	1995	8948449
probing the presumed catalytic triad of selenium-containing peroxidases by mutational analysis of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx).	single and double site mutants affecting the presumed catalytic centre of the selenoenzyme phgpx were subjected to functional analysis. the rate constants k+1 and k'+2, for the oxidation and the regeneration of the ground state enzyme were estimated, respectively. moreover, the alkylation rate of the reactive centre by iodoacetate (kinact.) was also analysed. the substitution of the catalytically competent selenocysteine 46 by cysteine (phgpxcys46) decreased k+1 and k'+2 by about three orders of ...	1995	8962674
interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ceftiofur against bacteria associated with swine respiratory disease.	ceftiofur, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin, is active against a variety of animal pathogens, including organisms associated with swine respiratory disease. however, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoint and disk diffusion interpretive criteria have not been established for swine pathogens. susceptibility tests were performed by broth microdilution mic and disk diffusion methods on 246 bacterial species that cause swine respiratory disease. ceftiofur was active against salmonella s ...	1996	8953533
pulmonary surfactant function following endotoxin: effects of exogenous surfactant treatment.	in a porcine model of endotoxin-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) we tested the hypothesis that the severity of lung injury would vary with the concentration of endotoxin and that reestablishment of normal surfactant function with exogenous surfactant would vary with the severity of lung injury. the therapeutic effects of exogenous surfactant treatment on pulmonary surfactant function have varied greatly in animal models of ards. this has created discrepancies in the literature ...	1996	8721392
a continuous epitope from transmissible gastroenteritis virus s protein fused to e. coli heat-labile toxin b subunit expressed by attenuated salmonella induces serum and secretory immunity.	antigenic site d from the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which is a continuous epitope critical in neutralization, has been expressed as a fusion protein with e. coli heat-labile toxin b subunit (lt-b) in attenuated s. typhimurium. synthetic peptides containing the sequence of site d induced tgev neutralizing antibodies when inoculated subcutaneously in both rabbits and swine. a synthetic oligonucleotide encoding residues 373-398 of tgev s protein, including antigen ...	1996	8725098
bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on latex and silicone t-tubes in relation to bacterial contamination of bile.	t-tube-related bacteriobilia causes infectious complications and obstruction. to prevent these, the choice of t-tube material may be of importance.	1996	8726310
bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on various double-j stents in vivo and in vitro.	the aim of this study was to determine whether bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation occur on various ureteric stent materials in vivo and in vitro and whether there is any correlation between biofilm formation and urinary tract infection. using an open surgical procedure, 23 double-j stents of 8 different types were inserted in the ureters of 13 piglets. after 6 weeks intubation, 2 (9%) of the 23 stented renal units yielded positive urine culture. scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed sp ...	1996	8727860
antigenic variability among north american and european strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus as defined by monoclonal antibodies to the matrix protein.	two hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the 19-kda matrix (m) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) were obtained from balb/c mice that were immunized with a reference quebec tissue culture-adapted strain (strain iaf-klop). the polypeptide specificities of the mabs were determined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation tests with concentrated and purified preparations of the virus and by determining their reactivities with the escher ...	1996	8735103
genotypic and phenotypic characterization of escherichia coli isolates from dogs manifesting attaching and effacing lesions.	thirteen escherichia coli isolates from dogs manifesting attaching and effacing lesions were characterized genetically with respect to the presence of the following virulence determinants associated with human enteropathogenic e. coli (epec): eaea, encoding the outer membrane protein intimin; eaeb, which is necessary for inducing signal transduction; bfpa, encoding the bundle-forming pilus; and the eaf (stands for epec adherence factor) plasmid. these isolates were also analyzed phenotypically w ...	1996	8748291
survival of model bacterial strains and helminth eggs in the course of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of pig slurry.	the effect of methanogenesis on the survival of model bacterial strains (escherichia coli ec 5, staphylococcus aureus sa 11, enterococcus faecium ccm 4231) and non-embryonated helminth eggs (ascaris suum) was investigated in pig slurry. two pilot-plant experiments were carried out in two anaerobic digesters (800 and 1,000 litre) in a mesophilic thermal range (35-37 degrees c). the mean hydraulic retention time of the digesters was 20 days. the methanogenesis process was monitored by determining ...	1996	8693668
single-amino acid substitutions eliminate lysine inhibition of maize dihydrodipicolinate synthase.	dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhps; ec 4.2.1.52) catalyzes the first step in biosynthesis of lysine in plants and bacteria. dhps in plants is highly sensitive to end-product inhibition by lysine and, therefore, has an important role in regulating metabolite flux into lysine. to better understand the feedback inhibition properties of the plant enzyme, we transformed a maize cdna for lysine-sensitive dhps into an escherichia coli strain lacking dhps activity. cells were mutagenized with ethylmetha ...	1996	8700867
serogroups of escherichia coli isolated from piglets in spain.	serogroups of 1334 e. coli colonies isolated in spain between 1986 and 1991 from piglets with diarrhoea, oedema disease and from healthy piglets, were determined. the serogroups determined in e. coli from diarrhoea were: o1, o2, o4, o5, o7, o8, o9, o12, o20, o21, o23, o25, o26, o32, o39, o45, o54, o75, o78, o80, o83, o91, o92, o101, o103, o113, o115, o116, o118, o125, o127, o138, o139, o141, o149, o153 and o157; from pigs with oedema disease: o8, o101, o138, o149 and o157; and from healthy pigle ...	1996	8701567
endotoxic shock alters distribution of blood flow within the intestinal wall.	to investigate whether a redistribution of blood flow from the mucosa to the muscular layer of the intestinal wall contributes to the observed increased arterial-mucosal pco2 gradient and the decreased mucosal tonometric ph during endotoxic shock.	1996	8706490
unusual evolution of 11beta- and 17beta-hydroxysteroid and retinol dehydrogenases.	11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases regulate glucocorticoid concentrations and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases regulate estrogen and androgen concentrations in mammals. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from two 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and four mammalian 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases indicates unusual evolution in these enzymes. type 1 11beta- and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are on the same branch; type 2 enzymes cluster on another branch with beta-hydroxy ...	1996	8593166
molecular characterization of a common 48-kilodalton outer membrane protein of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	previous studies have shown that a vaccine prepared from outer membranes of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 can elicit protective immunity in swine against challenge with either serotype 5 or serotype 1. these results suggest the presence of common subcapsular surface antigens, such as outer membrane proteins, that contribute to cross-protective immunity. we have identified a 48-kda outer membrane protein that is common to all 12 capsular serotypes of a. pleuropneumoniae but is not pr ...	1996	8557378
circuit factors in the high cardiac output of sepsis.	the increase of cardiac output (co) in sepsis must be matched by an increase in venous return. our goal was to determine which of the determinants of venous return are responsible in volume-loaded and nonvolume-loaded pigs with endotoxemia. the determinants include stressed volume, venous compliance (cv), venous resistance (rvr) and right atrial pressure (pra). we also tested the effect of the nitric oxide (no) synthase inhibitor, n omega-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-name) after the hemodyna ...	1996	8977991
strategies for designing an immunocontraceptive vaccine based on zona pellucida synthetic peptides and recombinant antigen.	immunization of female bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) with pig zona pellucida glycoprotein zp3 using adjuvants permissible for human use leads to infertility. fifty per cent of the animals conceived after antibody titres declined. animals that failed to regain their fertility did not show any obvious ovarian changes. as part of the attempt to design an effective immunocontraceptive vaccine based on synthetic peptides, the epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mab) against pig zp3 alpha ...	1996	8984175
binding of recombinant pig zona pellucida protein 1 (zp1) to acrosome-reacted spermatozoa.	in an immunofluorescent study, recombinant pig zona pellucida protein 1 (pzp1) produced in escherichia coli bound to acrosome-reacted spermatozoa from five different mammals. the location of the binding site moved from the equatorial region to the midpiece and tail regions during the incubation. this finding suggests that pig zp1 acts as a secondary sperm-binding receptor in an interspecies manner and assists penetration of the spermatozoa through the zona pellucida. the recombinant pzp1 bound t ...	1996	8984189