Publications

high rates of atypical cervical cytology: occurrence and clinical significance.	the current literature suggests that atypical (benign atypia or class ii) papanicolaou smears occur at a frequency of 1.6-5.4% and are associated with a substantial rate of underlying cervical dysplasia. however, we noted that our rate of atypia exceeded these figures, particularly in our clinic population. to quantify this observation, 1107 consecutive papanicolaou smears from the clinic population were audited prospectively and compared with 262 consecutive papanicolaou smears performed contem ...	1992	1635730
increased e6/e7 transcription in hpv 18-immortalized human keratinocytes results from inactivation of e2 and additional cellular events.	we characterized the state of the viral genome and transcription of human papillomavirus 18 oncogenes, e6 and e7, in immortalized human keratinocytes. at passage 9 after transfection with hpv 18 a homogeneous population of immortal clones was present. these cells have the viral dna integrated within the e2 orf, accompanied by its partial deletion, similarly to what has been found in cervical carcinoma specimens. transcription of the e6 and e7 oncogenes is mediated by the major viral early promot ...	1992	1641976
in vitro expressed hpv 8 e6 protein does not bind p53.	the oncogene e6 of human papillomavirus 8, which is associated with skin cancers in epidermodysplasia verruciformis, was transcribed and translated in vitro. the resulting 17 kda protein did not bind to the cellular p53 in contrast to e6 of hpv16.	1992	1642560
human papillomavirus, epstein-barr virus, and cervical carcinoma in greenland.	the incidence of cervical cancer in greenland is one of the highest in the world. this is in accordance with known epidemiologic risk factors, in particular of sexual lifestyle and tobacco smoking. yet a recent study of cervical smears from randomly selected greenlandic women failed to demonstrate any elevated prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv), of which particularly hpv types 16 and 18 are assumed to play a role in the development of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. another oncogenic vir ...	1992	11576275
human papillomavirus testing in the clinical laboratory. part ii: vaginal, vulvar, perineal, and penile squamous lesions.	the accurate diagnosis of hpv-related diseases of the lower genital tract requires expertise, and sometimes even the expert may face a dilemma as to the precise nature of the biopsies submitted from colposcopically suspicious hpv-related lesions. we have evaluated the role of viral testing using dot blot hybridization (viratype) and pcr in the diagnosis of histologically typical (42 cases) and equivocal (30 cases) squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vagina (7), vulva (30), perianal epitheli ...	1993	10150115
genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in hungarian women.	the prevalence of genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in hungarian female populations is not essentially different from that found in other countries of europe and north-america. using filter in situ hybridization (fish), we found that, in a group of cytologically normal women some low risk hpv types (such as hpv 6 and 11) and the most important high risk hpv types (hpv 16 and 18) were present in 23% and 8%, respectively. eighty-eight percent of condyloma acuminatum patients harboured h ...	1993	8184666
the biology of human papillomaviruses: from warts to cancer.	papillomaviruses are small dna viruses that induce a variety of proliferative lesions in most mammals, including humans. of the 66 types of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) that have been identified, a subset that includes types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 51 is associated frequently with anogenital cancers. these cancers develop from precursor lesions, which, for cervical cancer, are termed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (cin), and are graded from i to iii depending on the degree of disruption of epi ...	1993	8162357
detection of human papillomavirus in squamous intraepithelial lesions by consensus and type-specific polymerase chain reaction.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to identify human papillomavirus (hpv) in 216 cervical biopsy specimens from women referred to the gynecological out-patient unit for colposcopy because of an abnormal smear. hpv dna was screened using type-specific primers for hpv6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 (ts-pcr) as well as a consensus primer located in the e1 region of the hpv genome (c-pcr). ts-pcr specificity was validated by southern blot analysis. low-grade (sil 1) and high-grade (sil 2) squamous in ...	1993	8163035
massive precorneal extension of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva.	a 73-year-old man had only light perception vision from a slowly enlarging fleshy papillomatous mass covering the entire cornea. the lesion was excised completely, leaving a clear corneal bed and 20/25 vision. histopathologically, the lesion was found to be squamous cell carcinoma in situ with early microinvasion of the basement membrane. viral studies for human papilloma virus were negative. this case represents a massive superficial involvement of the cornea by squamous cell carcinoma and show ...	1993	8261787
prevalence of serum igg antibodies for the e7 and l2 proteins of human papillomavirus type 16 in cervical cancer patients and controls.	relationship between the prevalence of the antibodies to hpv16e7 and l2 proteins and the development of cervical cancer was examined. sera from 57 patients with invasive cervical cancer and from 200 age-matched healthy blood donors (16 to 64 years old) were examined for antibodies against e7 and l2 proteins of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16. bacterially expressed fusion antigens were used in a western immunoblot assay. ten (18%) of the patients and 10 (5%) of the controls were positive for o ...	1993	8266324
[detection of human papillomavirus dna in condyloma acuminatum of the urethra: a case report].	a case in a 35-year-old male with recurrence of the condyloma acuminatum of the urethra is presented and the involvement of human papilloma virus (hpv) with this disease is mentioned. the hpv-dna in the excised specimen was detected by the dot blot hybridization method with radiolabelled rna probes, and the type of the dna was investigated by the southern blot hybridization method with biotinylated dna probes, which could detect the hpv-dna of types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35. these analyses d ...	1993	8266864
[interferon in anogenital infections with human papillomavirus].	interferons (ifn) provide a systemic alternative for the therapy of human papillomavirus (hpv) induced anogenital warts. local therapy cannot totally eliminate latent viral genome in the perilesional epithelium. this causes the danger of new exacerbations. reviewing different reports and by own therapeutic experience we think, that ifn treatment may be successful in combination with local therapy and for pre-surgical diminution of extended condyloma. sufficient dose is necessary. poor effects ar ...	1993	8273374
confirmation of the association of human papillomavirus with human colon cancer.	the human papillomavirus (hpv) has been shown to be associated with neoplasms of the human colon using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. we now report our use of the polymerase chain reaction and southern blotting to investigate that same association. we selected 38 carcinomas, 21 adenomas, and 24 normal mucosal samples for the current study. tissue sections were prepared, and then dna was extracted and subjected to 40 cycles of amplification using thermus aquaticus dna polymerase ...	1993	8273860
case-control study of risk factors for cervical squamous-cell neoplasia in denmark. iii. role of oral contraceptive use.	the role of oral contraceptive (oc) use in relation to the risk of cervical neoplasia (squamous cell) was investigated in a population-based case-control study in denmark of 586 women with histologically verified cervical carcinoma in situ (cis), 59 women with invasive cervical cancer from copenhagen, and 614 controls drawn at random from the female population in the study area. ever use of ocs was associated with an increased crude risk for carcinoma in situ (relative risk [rr] = 1.8, 95 percen ...	1993	8280828
confronting the hiv epidemic in asia and the pacific: developing successful strategies to minimize the spread of hiv infection.	in asia, the cumulative total of hiv-infected adults will reach 1.22 million by 1995, and, by 2000, the number is estimated to reach 11-45 million. the modes of transmission vary from country to country and include injecting drug users, commercial sex workers and their clients, commercial blood donors, hemophiliacs, and homosexuals. social, cultural, and health factors also affect transmission, such as rites of passage to adulthood, lack of female autonomy, multiple sex partners, wars and civi ...	1993	8286067
contraception choice and sexually transmitted disease.	sexually active couples need to be concerned with the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and how their choice of contraception influences that risk. condoms provide the best documented protection against such pathogens as: gonorrhea, herpes simplex virus (hsv), hepatitis b, hiv, and chlamydia. female dependent barrier methods also provide protection against most stds and also possibly hiv. most hormonal non-barrier contraceptives, although providing excellent protection against unwante ...	1993	8286696
prevalence in sweden of human papillomavirus type 16 infection in cin ii-iii cases assessed by a pcr method.	the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin)ii-iii cases was studied by means of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method applied to paraffin-embedded tissues. twenty-two of 45 (49%) cases showed a positive signal determined by direct visualization on gel stained with ethidium bromide. fourteen of these cases were confirmed by dot blot hybridization, which accords with a prevalence of hpv 16 infection in 31% of stockholm patients with cin ii-iii ...	1993	8139214
molecular biology of human papillomavirus.	the papillomavirus is at present considered to be an independent group of viruses, possibly an independent family. human papillomavirus (hpv) can cause warts of the skin and mucosa, and is now widely recognized as an important etiologic factor of both benign and malignant tumors in the lower genital tract. in this paper the biological properties of hpv, including its genomic organization and the open reading frames, are described; the relationship between hpv and uterine cervical carcinoma, espe ...	1993	8292796
human papillomavirus type 16 dna in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.	recent studies, mainly from high risk areas of oesophageal cancer (oc), have suggested a possible role of oesophageal infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) in the carcinogenesis of oc. twenty-two cases of oc (among them 20 cases of squamous cell, 1 case of verrucous and 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma) originating from a middle risk area of oc, were analysed by in situ hybridization (ish) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to demonstrate hpv infection. no evidence of hpv dna was found us ...	1993	8297121
human papillomavirus dna in the dermis of condyloma acuminatum.	condyloma acuminatum (ca) has high recurrence rates after local treatments. why this lesion is difficult to eradicate is unclear. one possible explanation for recurrence after superficial destructive therapy is the presence of residual human papillomavirus (hpv) in the superficial dermis beneath the treated epidermis. thirteen samples of ca were excised from 13 patients. thirteen samples of basal cell carcinoma (bcc) were studied for purposes of control. epidermis was separated from dermis by tr ...	1993	8300929
multicentric papillomavirus infection of the female genital tract. a study of morphologic pattern, possible risk factors and viral prevalence.	we have investigated 103 biopsy specimens obtained from 50 women (average 28.1 years, range 16-66) with multicentric condylomatosis of the genital tract, including the uterine cervix (48 samples), the vagina (23), and the vulva (32). each patient had at least 2 biopsies. a positive in situ hybridization for a human papilloma virus (hpv) cocktail was observed in samples from 38 patients: in these multiplicity of lesions regarded the cervix and vulva (22 cases), cervix and vagina (12), vulva and v ...	1993	8302720
[malignant transformation of juvenile-type laryngeal papillomatosis].	juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis is characterized by benign budding tumors, developing from the endolaryngeal epithelium. because the evolution of these tumors is unpredictable, choice of the best therapy is difficult. we report two cases where invasive juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis, progressively colonized the trachea and bronchi. malignant transformation occurred without carcinoma predisposing factors. in both cases patients died after pulmonary dissemination. we discuss the role of the h ...	1993	8304702
cervical cancer, human papillomavirus and vaccines.	hpv-16 has been strongly implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer and pre-malignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. despite current technical difficulties it may soon be possible to treat these tumours with anti-hpv-16 vaccines. a prophylactic vaccine could, in theory, be developed to induce neutralizing antibodies to hpv-16 virions in genital secretions, and a therapeutic vaccine to elicit cytotoxic t-cell responses against established lesions.	1993	8305362
southern blot analysis of skin biopsies for human papillomavirus dna: renal allograft recipients in south-eastern queensland.	the 104 skin biopsies from 34 patients who attended a renal transplant unit in brisbane over 12 months included 40 squamous cell carcinoma (scc), 22 solar keratoses, 4 hyperkeratoses, 18 warts and 11 basal cell carcinoma (bcc). human papillomavirus (hpv) dna was identified by southern blot hybridisation using, as individual probes, purified insert dna from recombinant hpv 1, 2, 3 or 3/10, 4, 5 or 5/8, 7, 11, 16, 18 and 41 under relaxed conditions and characterised by restriction enzyme analysis ...	1993	8311831
expression of immune associated surface antigens of keratinocytes in human papillomavirus-derived lesions.	the expression of immune associated surface antigens of keratinocytes was studied in human papillomavirus (hpv) derived lesions in order to determine whether hpv types have a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of papillomas. a series of cutaneous and mucosal lesions were immunolabeled with monoclonal antibodies to the major histocompatibility complex class 1 (beta 2-microglobulin) and 2 (hla-dr antigens), intercellular adhesion molecule (icam-1) and glycoprotein cd36 (okm5) as well as cd1a (lan ...	1993	7503944
depletion of langerhans cells in cervical hpv infection is associated with replication of the virus.	we studied the quantity of langerhans cells in 36 patients with cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. significantly fewer langerhans cells (p < 0.05) were found in patients with compared to those without dna tetraploidy. similarly, patients positive for hpv 16/18 dna by in situ hybridization or antipeptide iga antibodies to hpv 18 tended to have fewer langerhans cells than those negative for hpv 16/18 dna or iga antibodies. our results suggest that depletion of langerhans cells is assoc ...	1993	7506915
relationship between types of human papillomavirus and langerhans' cells in cervical condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia.	planimetric and immunohistologic studies of langerhans' cells were performed on epithelial sheets dissected from paired biopsy specimens removed from histopathologically normal and abnormal areas of cervices infected by the human papillomavirus. the results showed that epithelial lesions associated with human papillomavirus types classically not related to malignancy (such as types 6 and 11) showed a similar decrease in the langerhans' cell number to that induced by types 16 and 18. this phenome ...	1993	7679874
effects of human papillomavirus type 18-specific antisense oligonucleotides on the transformed phenotype of human carcinoma cell lines.	dna of human papillomavirus type 18 is present in several human cancer cell lines that were derived from oral or cervical tumors, and it is known that several features of the transformed phenotype can be inhibited by expression of antisense rna to human papillomavirus (hpv). the present study was performed to find out whether antisense oligonucleotides were also inhibitory. synthetic oligonucleotides were made that were complementary to regions of the start codons of the e6 and e7 genes of hpv-1 ...	1993	7683572
detection of human papillomavirus-related oral verruca vulgaris among venezuelans.	a sensitive in situ hybridization test under low stringency conditions (lcs) with a set of digoxigenin-labeled human papillomavirus mixed probes (d-l hpv mp) revealed a positive reaction in 8 of 10 cases of oral verruca vulgaris (ovv). ages ranged from 5 to 37 years with a mean of 14.5 years. 50% of all cases were located intraorally on the hard palate, followed in frequency by the commissures. these preliminary findings provide evidence of the role of hpv in ovv from a sample of the venezuelan ...	1993	7683721
overexpression of wild-type p53 alters growth and differentiation of normal human keratinocytes but not human papillomavirus-expressing cell lines.	to examine whether the tumor suppressor gene p53 influences epidermal differentiation, primary cultures of human foreskin keratinocytes and six human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive cell lines were infected with recombinant retroviruses encoding wild-type p53. overexpression of p53 in organotypic cultures of normal keratinocytes decreased their growth rate and induced premature cell flattening and involucrin expression, a marker of squamous differentiation. however, overexpression of p53 inhibited ...	1993	7686043
hpv-16 e6-e7 differential transcription induced in siha cervical cancer cell line by interferons.	the transcription of hpv-16 e6/e7 rna has been studied by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the siha cervical carcinoma cell line. with this technique, all three different transcripts have been detected: the cdna colinear e6 form, and the two differentially spliced forms e6i and e6ii. all types of rna appear less abundant in cells treated with any of interferon alpha; beta; or gamma as compared with control cells. other low abundance cellular rna remained unaffected. this selective modula ...	1993	7688490
calcium regulates the differentiation of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) immortalized ectocervical epithelial cells, but not the expression of the papillomavirus e6 and e7 oncogenes.	calcium is an important regulator of normal human cervical cell differentiation; however, it is not known whether the calcium responsiveness of the cells would be altered by immortalization with human papillomavirus. in the present study we examine the effects of extracellular calcium on morphology, expression of biochemical markers of cervical cell differentiation, and hpv16 oncogene transcription in an hpv16-immortalized human cervical cell line, ece16-1. ece16-1 cells respond to increased cal ...	1993	7689474
the human papillomavirus type 6 and 16 e5 proteins are membrane-associated proteins which associate with the 16-kilodalton pore-forming protein.	the human papillomavirus (hpv) e5 proteins are predicted from dna sequence analysis to be small hydrophobic molecules, and the hpv type 6 (hpv-6) and hpv-11 e5 proteins share several structural similarities with the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) e5 protein. also similar to the bpv-1 e5 protein, the hpv-6 and hpv-16 e5 proteins exhibit transforming activity when assayed on nih 3t3 and c127 cells. in this study, we expressed epitope-tagged e5 proteins from both the "low-risk" hpv-6 and the ...	1993	7690419
quantification of hpv-16 e6-e7 transcription in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is associated with neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. viral transforming functions have been localized to the e6-e7 open reading frame (orf) and this orf is conserved consistently in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). two mrnas, generated by alternative splicing, are expressed from the e6-e7 orf. these are known as e6i and e6ii, and potentially encode the viral e7 and e6 proteins, respectively. it is believed that the hpv-16 transforming abil ...	1993	7690739
targeting and degradation of p53 by e6 of human papillomavirus type 16 is preferential for the 1620+ p53 conformation.	e6-mediated degradation of p53 is believed to play a role in the transformation of cells by high-risk types of human papillomavirus. in order to explore the structural requirements for targeting of p53 we have compared e6-mediated degradation of variant p53 forms expressed in vitro. complete degradation was observed in samples containing monomers, dimers and higher molecular weight structures of wild-type p53, indicating that e6 targets all quaternary forms of wild-type p53. wild-type human and ...	1993	7690928
tata-binding protein and the retinoblastoma gene product bind to overlapping epitopes on c-myc and adenovirus e1a protein.	using a protein binding assay, we show that the amino-terminal 204 amino acids of the c-myc protein interact directly with a key component of the basal transcription factor tfiid, the tata box-binding protein (tbp). essentially the same region of the c-myc protein also binds the product of the retinoblastoma gene, the rb protein. c-myc protein coimmunoprecipitates with tbp in lysates of mammalian cells, demonstrating that the proteins are also complexed in vivo. a short peptide that spans the rb ...	1993	7690963
a randomized trial of laser vaporization in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papilloma virus infection.	a randomized controlled trial was carried out at colposcopy clinics in the birmingham and midland hospital for women, to determine the efficacy of laser vaporization in the management of cervical human papilloma virus (hpv) infection occurring alone or in association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), and to study the natural history of these lesions. the subjects were 365 women referred for investigation of cytological abnormality who were found to have histological evidence of hpv ...	1993	7864916
schistosomiasis and cervical cancer in ghana.	to discover a possible association between schistosomiasis and cervical dysplasia and/or cervical cancer in ghana, west africa.	1993	7901060
possible prodromes of human papillomavirus uterine cervix infection.	we present two case reports and mention four others with similar clinical, pathological and laboratory findings which suggest that viremia could possibly occur in some human papillomavirus (hpv) infections. fever, general indisposition or arthralgia associated with micturition difficulties or dysuria appear to be the symptoms accompanying this viremia. after a period of time these symptoms disappear and the infection shows typical hpv uterine cervix symptoms. the diagnosis of hpv infection was c ...	1993	7901085
interferon alpha-2b treatment of symptomatic chronic vulvodynia associated with koilocytosis.	in an open study with identical criteria for diagnosis, 16 female patients with typical symptoms of chronic vulvodynia associated with acetowhitening of the vestibular epithelium and koilocytosis in biopsy specimens received recombinant interferon alpha-2b 5 miu intralesionally 3 times weekly for 3 weeks or subcutaneously 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. three months after end of therapy, clinical symptoms had disappeared in 7 (70%) of the 10 patients treated intralesionally, compared with only one ( ...	1993	7904410
vulvar neoplasia associated with other primary malignancies.	it is recognized that a significant number of patients with vulvar neoplasia have had previous, concurrent, or subsequent genital tract neoplasia. this has resulted in speculation that there may be a common etiology and, in particular, of the possibility of an infection element. among 59 cases of vulvar cancer diagnosed at the national taiwan university hospital from 1976 to 1991, there were seven cases (12%) associated with other primary malignancies. carcinoma of the cervix was the most freque ...	1993	7904858
[detection of human papilloma virus dna in tissue sections of cervical carcinoma by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin labelled dna probes].	formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues from 48 cases of squamous carcinoma of the cervix were examined for the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) dna by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin labelled hpv 6, 11, 16 and 18 dna probes respectively. hpv dna was found in 23 of the tumors (47.92%). hpv 16 dna in 21 tumors (43.75%), hpv 18 dna in four tumors (8.33%), no tumors hybridized to either hpv 6 dna or hpv 11 dna. hpv dna was mainly observed in the nuclei of koilocytic cells and carci ...	1993	8033277
[diagnosis of human papillomavirus infections in cervical cytology in the absence of classical signs].	"nonclassic" cytologic signs (ncs) of infection by human papillomavirus (hpv) were analyzed in two groups of patients: a: (condylomata) 81 women with both condylomata confirmed by biopsy and a cervical smear not showing the "classic" signs of hpv infection, and b: (controls) 50 cervical smears diagnosed as negative. in group a, 96% showed nuclear hyperchromatism, 78% showed perinuclear halos, 77% showed clear cytoplasm, and 74% showed mild koilocytosis. in 89% of the condylomata cases at least f ...	1993	7991848
the p53 tumor suppressor protein: meeting review.		1993	8096197
human papillomavirus and cervical carcinoma in china and taiwan.		1993	8105200
borderline nuclear abnormality in cervical smears: a cytological review of 200 cases with histological correlation.	the cervical cytology and histology specimens from 200 patients referred to colposcopy with borderline nuclear abnormality were reviewed. human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated changes were identified in 103 of 200 (53%) referral smears and in 139 of 150 (91%) biopsy specimens. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) was less frequently diagnosed on review compared with the original histopathology reports (30.7% vs 45.4%); the discrepancy was largely attributable to a lower incidence of cini. th ...	1993	8110973
hpv detection and p53 alteration in squamous cell verrucous malignancies of the lower genital tract.	we examined five cases of verrucous carcinoma (vc) and two cases of giant condyloma of buschke-löwenstein (gcbl) associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (iscc), by immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques. neither human papillomavirus (hpv) footprints nor p53-altered expression and/or mutation were observed among the cases of vc. by contrast, both cases of gcbl with iscc turned out to be hpv 6 or 11 positive, showed overexpression of p53 and, one of the two, a mutation in the nucleo ...	1993	8118602
cervical koilocytosis and high risk hpv types: the benefit of laser vaporization.	forty-six patients with biopsy-proven cervical koilocytosis, which in 19 cases was associated with cin i, were randomized to treatment by cervical laser vaporization or to follow-up without therapy. the polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 33 by polymerase chain reaction and molecular hybridization technique. twenty biopsies contained hpv dna, in 17 cases of the putatively oncogenic types hpv ...	1993	8119458
human papilloma virus types in routine cytological screening and at colposcopic examinations.	certain types of human papillomaviruses (hpv) play a crucial role in the development of anogenital cellular dysplasia and cancer. we have searched for a broad spectrum of hpv-types by pcr in cervical cell samples from 230 women aged 20-29 years enrolled at routine gynecological health control and 506 women referred to colposcopy due to suspected cytological changes. thirteen percent of the health control women had hpv dna of identified types. half of the colposcopy patients showed benign histolo ...	1993	8119475
human papillomavirus type 6 associated buschke-loewenstein tumor (giant condyloma acuminatum).	the term "buschke-loewenstein tumor" has been used for tumors with exophytic, wart-like excrescences in the anogenital region. this broadly includes giant condyloma acuminatum and verrucous carcinoma. we report a 44-year-old japanese man with a giant condyloma acuminatum buschke-loewenstein tumor on the right femoinguinal area. the lesion was a huge grape-like nodule composed of multiple small nodules, reaching 135 x 65 x 40 mm in size. histologically, it showed a regularly acanthotic papilloma ...	1993	8120240
[dna identification of human papillomavirus in anogenital condyloma of a male population].	human papillomaviruses (hpv) are the cause of benign human anogenital lesions where hpv 6 and hpv 11 are most commonly found. conversely, hpv 16, 18, 31 and 33 are frequently detected in genital carcinomas and are thus considered as oncogenic types. in order to analyze the prevalence of specific hpv types in an argentine male population, 43 anogenital lesions from different patients with diagnosis of condyloma acuminata were analyzed. these lesions were localized in different regions of the male ...	1993	8114626
presence of human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix as determined by different detection methods in a low-risk community-based population.	to evaluate the effectiveness of various screening tests for detecting genital human papillomavirus (hpv) in a community-based population and to determine the prevalence of cervical lesions on colposcopically directed biopsies in patients found to have hpv by any screening test.	1993	8130906
1993 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. centers for disease control and prevention.	these guidelines for the treatment of patients with sexually transmitted diseases (stds) were developed by staff members of cdc after consultation with a group of invited experts who met in atlanta on january 19-21, 1993. included are new recommendations for single-dose oral therapy for gonococcal infections, chlamydial infections, and chancroid; new regimens for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (bv) and outpatient management of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid); a new patient-applied medica ...	1993	8145706
activation of eukaryotic transcriptional promoters by the bovine papillomavirus e1-replication factor.	it has been suggested that the bovine papillomavirus type 1 e1 replication factor may inhibit e2-conditional gene expression from viral promoter p89. to study the possible role of the e1 protein in gene expression, hela cells were transfected with e2-conditional or e2-independent reporter plasmids and with vectors expressing the e1 and e2 open reading frames. the data show that: (i) replication factor e1 stimulates gene expression from a variety of eucaryotic transcriptional promoters; (ii) acti ...	1993	8169116
detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection in paraffin-embedded tissues of endometrial carcinoma.	although human papilloma virus (hpv) associated lesions constitute a well recognized clinical entity in the female lower genital tract, namely vulva, vagina and cervix, few studies have demonstrated hpv infection in other genital sites, particularly in the ovary and uterine corpus. recently, with the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique, hpv infections were found in an ovarian tumour and adenocarcinoma of the cervix. this prompted a retrospective analysis of hpv dna in 22 c ...	1993	8216121
what is vestibular papillomatosis? a study of its prevalence, aetiology and natural history.	to clarify the prevalence, aetiology, symptoms and natural history of vestibular papillomatosis.	1993	8217979
anogenital warts in prepubertal children; sexual abuse or not?	forty-two prepubertal children presenting with anogenital (ag) warts (15 boys and 27 girls) were prospectively followed up (mean 15.9 months, sd 12.24). most (73.8%) of these children had perianal condylomatous-type warts and 11 (26.2%) had concurrent non-genital (ng) warts. none had any other ag infections or sexually transmitted disease (std). twelve (28.6%) children acquired their ag warts by vertical transmission from an infected maternal birth canal, 3 (7.1%) by autoinoculation from common ...	1993	8218514
risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade iii/carcinoma in situ in spain and colombia.	a case-control study of 525 histologically confirmed cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade iii and 512 controls was done in spain and colombia to assess the role of various risk factors taking into account the effect of human papillomavirus (hpv). the presence of hpv dna, assessed by a polymerase chain reaction-based method, was the strongest risk factor identified. in spain the adjusted odds ratio (or) and 95% confidence interval (ci) (numbers in parentheses) were 56.9 (24.8-130.6) ...	1993	8220086
the hpv-16 e6 and e6-ap complex functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53.	the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway plays a major role in selective protein degradation. ubiquitination of proteins requires the sequential action of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2), and in some cases ubiquitin-protein ligases (e3s). the oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 utilize this cellular proteolytic system to target the tumor suppressor protein p53. the hpv e6 oncoprotein binds to a cellular protein of 100 kd, termed e6-ass ...	1993	8221889
[condyloma acuminatum: histopathology and detection of human papilloma virus].	comparing with the results of hpv dna detection by pcr, 44 cases of condyloma acuminatum and condyloma-like lesions in female genital tract were studied histopathologically. among 40 cases formerly diagnosed as condyloma acuminatum or suspicious condyloma acuminatum, all were hpv dna detectable. hpv6 and hpv11 were found in 4 cases without koilocytes. hpv6 was found in one out of 4 cases formerly diagnosed as pseudocondyloma. the result showed that koilocytes are characteristic and diagnostic, a ...	1993	8221990
immunohistochemical detection of mutant p53 protein and human papillomavirus-related e6 protein in anal cancers.	the wild-type p53 protein, a product of the p53 gene, is a normal growth controlling protein. mutation of the p53 gene generates a mutant p53 protein which promotes tumor formation through loss of growth suppression. some of the agents responsible for p53 gene mutation are known, one of which may be tumorigenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. anal cancers are demonstrating a changing trend in the affected population, from older females in the older reported series to younger males more rec ...	1993	8223054
translational properties of the human papillomavirus type-6 l1-coding mrna.	a cdna encoding a bicistronic mrna, e1e4l1, which was generated by double-splicing of the e1, e4 and l1 genes, of the type-6 human papillomavirus (hpv-6), was cloned. the e1e4 and l1 open reading frames (orfs) in this cdna were expressed in cos-1 or cv-1 cells as fusion proteins with escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta gal), and the products were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and enzyme assay. the results showed that the translational efficiency of the l1 orf was about 9-15-fold less eff ...	1993	8224910
simple microwave and thermal cycler boiling methods for preparation of cervicovaginal lavage cell samples prior to pcr for human papillomavirus detection.	sample preparation is an important step in the detection of viral dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. the method used should achieve release of cellular dna with the minimum of manipulation steps so as to reduce the possibility of contamination. the present report demonstrates that either microwaving or 20 min of boiling in the heating block of a thermal cycler lead to satisfactory results in the detection by pcr of human papillomavirus in cervicovaginal epithelial cell specime ...	1993	8227280
detection of human papillomavirus infection by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation in condylomatous and cin lesions.	to study the value of non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (nish) in detecting human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in female genital lesions positive for the virus by conventional histology but negative by filter dna hybridisation.	1993	8227412
[cancer of the cervix, papillomavirus, contraception and tobacco].	this survey started in may 1989 and deals with 2,436 patients treated by 10 gynecologists from the brussels region. in addition to routine cytological analysis in cervical smears, an additional test for human papilloma virus (hpv 16, 18 and 33) was advised for these women. gynecologists filled in a questionnaire about these patients. in cases with benign cytology, virus prevalence was 2 times greater in woman who took contraceptive pills, over at least 6 months, than in each of the other groups ...	1993	8228010
analysis of p107-associated proteins: p107 associates with a form of e2f that differs from prb-associated e2f-1.	the binding of viral oncogenes to cellular proteins is thought to modulate the activities of these cellular targets. the p107 protein is targeted by many viral proteins, including adenovirus e1a, simian virus 40 large t antigen, and human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein. a panel of monoclonal antibodies against p107 was raised and used to identify cellular proteins that interact with the p107 protein in vivo. p107-associated proteins included cyclin a, cyclin e, and cdk2. in addition, p107 was ...	1993	8230483
white lichenoid lesions of the buccal mucosa in patients with hiv infection.	we report on eight patients who developed white lichenoid lesions of the buccal mucosa during the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection. in five patients the lesions appeared after the administration of zidovudine, in two after the intake of both zidovudine and ketoconazole, and in one after ketoconazole. in the majority of cases, lesions presented as bilateral reticular keratosis or atrophic changes of the buccal mucosa. three patients manifested lichenoid atrophic changes of the dor ...	1993	8233426
detection of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in amniotic fluid during different periods of pregnancy.		1993	8238123
p53 gene mutations and mdm2 amplification are uncommon in primary carcinomas of the uterine cervix.	the p53 gene is the most frequently altered gene known thus far in a wide variety of human cancers. inactivation of p53, either through mutation or through interaction with the human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 oncoprotein, is a characteristic feature of all cervical carcinoma cell lines that have been studied. these findings suggest that p53 inactivation is required for cervical carcinoma development and that hpv infection and p53 mutation may be mutually exclusive. we have studied the p53 gene in ...	1993	8238255
the association between sexually transmitted pathogens and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in a developing community.	objective--to determine the association of sexually transmitted pathogens in women with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (cin). setting--an urban tertiary referral hospital serving a large indigent developing community. participants--48 women attending a colposcopy clinic and 49 women attending a family planning clinic. methods--vaginal, endocervical, rectal swab specimens and sera were collected for the detection of sexually transmitted pathogens. cervical cytology was performed on all patie ...	1993	8244352
serologic response in human papillomavirus-associated invasive cervical cancer.	human papillomavirus (hpv) transforming proteins e6 and e7 are uniformly expressed in hpv-associated cervical cancer. our objective was to measure antibodies to hpv-16 e6 and e7 proteins in cervical cancer patients using an assay which would detect antibodies to conformational epitopes. serum specimens obtained from two case-control studies of hpvs and cervical cancer were tested. the studies were performed in cali, colombia, south america and in 9 provinces of spain. cases consisted of women wi ...	1993	8244575
human papillomavirus type 1 dna in verrucous carcinoma of the leg.		1993	8245239
trans-activation of the adenovirus e2 promoter by human papillomavirus type 16 e7 is mediated by retinoblastoma-dependent and -independent pathways.	in common with the adenovirus e1a and simian virus 40 large t oncoproteins, the e7 protein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 interacts with the retinoblastoma (rb) tumour suppressor protein (prb). the functional importance of this interaction for hpv-16 e7 protein was investigated by analysis of the transactivating function of e7 at the adenovirus e2 promoter in a set of breast tumour cell lines. trans-activation by hpv-16 e7 in two prb-deficient cell lines demonstrated that prb is not essen ...	1993	8245866
double infection with human papillomavirus 1 and human papillomavirus 63 in single cells of a lesion displaying only an human papillomavirus 63-induced cytopathogenic effect.	specific histologic features are associated with the presence of certain human papillomaviruses (hpv) in verrucous lesions of the skin. hpv 1 is known to be associated with eosinophilic keratohyalin-like intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, granular in appearance, whereas the recently described hpv 63 seems to induce inclusion bodies displaying a filamentous structure. although an infection by two distinct hpv types within a single cell has not been previously reported, we have recently treated a ...	1993	8246450
detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human papillomavirus type 16 in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related and classic kaposi's sarcoma.		1993	8250588
analysis of human papillomavirus types in exophytic condylomata acuminata by hybrid capture and southern blot techniques.	exophytic condylomata acuminata of the external genitalia of 40 patients were analyzed for human papillomavirus (hpv) dna by the southern blot and hybrid capture methods. all lesions were initially analyzed by the southern blot method by using a mixture of hpv type 6, 11, 16, and 18 whole genomic probes. southern blots demonstrated characteristic psti restriction patterns of hpv type 6, 11, or 16 in all but one lesion. hpv 6 subtypes accounted for 28 of 39 hpv-positive lesions. twenty-seven of t ...	1993	8253963
[detection of hpv infection in cin and invasive cancers by in situ hybridization method--comparison with histopathology].	the causal association of human papilloma virus (hpv) with cervical cancer has been supported by multiple lines of evidence. therefore, in the case of dysplasia, the presence of hpv-dna should be detected and its subtypes identified. this is important in the determination of the prognosis for cervical disease. we reported a study in which the localization and types of hpv in cervical diseases was identified by in situ hybridization using biotin-labelled dna probes. seven types (3 basic forms) of ...	1993	8254963
breast and cervical cancer screening of poor, elderly, black women: clinical results and implications. harlem study team.	our objective is to describe the clinical findings from a nurse-practitioner-based breast and cervical cancer screening program for poor, elderly, black women. we designed a cross-sectional descriptive study set at an urban public hospital medical clinic. all women 65 years of age and older were eligible to be screened. we measured these main outcomes: rates of participation, abnormal tests, and neoplasia. women were offered screening during a routine visit. of 689 women, 491 (71%) participated. ...	1993	8347363
interleukin-6 (il-6) functions as an autocrine growth factor in cervical carcinomas in vitro.	many factors have been implicated in the etiology of cervical neoplasia, with human papilloma virus being the latest in a long line of agents that may on their own or in combination exert various initiating and promoting effects on cervical cells, resulting in their transformation. however, for such altered cells to become invasive, it is clear that they must undergo alterations in their rate of turnover, state of differentiation, and motility. we have investigated the production of the multifun ...	1993	8349158
anal dysplasia in homosexual men: role of anoscopy and biopsy.	both anal squamous cell cancer and human papilloma virus (hpv) are increased in homosexual men. this study evaluates histology of internal anal abnormalities in a high-risk population of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive and seronegative homosexual men.	1993	8359638
sv40 t antigen abrogates p53-mediated transcriptional activity.	recent evidence suggests that the tumor-suppressor protein p53 functions as a transcriptional regulator to control cell proliferation. an interaction with p53 is required for sv40 t antigen to transform primary cells; however, the effect of t antigen binding on p53 function is not known. in order to determine if an interaction with t antigen results in loss of p53-mediated transcriptional activity, we have used vectors expressing either a p53-gal4 fusion protein or a wild-type p53 protein in tra ...	1993	8378089
ras gene mutations and hpv infection are common in human laryngeal carcinoma.	to evaluate the role of ras activation and human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in laryngeal carcinoma, we analyzed tumor dna from 43 cases, including 25 primary laryngeal tumors, 12 lymph-node and one skin metastases, and 5 recurrent laryngeal carcinomas. thirteen normal laryngeal tissues and 7 benign laryngeal nodule biopsy specimens along with normal tissue surrounding laryngeal carcinoma in 2 cases were also included. the polymerase-chain-reaction technique was used to amplify dna fragments ...	1993	8380055
human papillomavirus type 16 expression in cervical keratinocytes: role of progesterone and glucocorticoid hormones.	to determine the role of the steroid hormones, progesterone and glucocorticoids, and the viral hormone response elements, in the episomal expression of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 in primary human ectocervical cells.	1993	8380104
penile intraepithelial neoplasia in patients examined for exposure to human papilloma virus.	female genital malignancies have recently been associated with infection with various types of human papilloma virus. we present 9 cases of penile intraepithelial neoplasia found in men examined for exposure to human papilloma virus. six of these men had acetowhite lesions and underwent biopsies to confirm the potential presence of condylomata acuminata. the remaining 3 patients had lesions that were visible but whose nature was in doubt. in addition to condylomata acuminata, penile intraepithel ...	1993	8380511
correlation between hpv positivity and state of the p53 gene in cervical carcinoma cell lines.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is clearly associated with cervical carcinomas, yet it is also true that there are cervical carcinomas in which hpv dna is absent. we examined eight established cell lines derived from cervical carcinomas for the presence of mutations of the p53 antioncogene in relation to the presence of hpv dna sequences. of these eight cell lines, seven were positive for hpv dna and the remaining one was negative for hpv dna. single-strand conformation polymorphism analyse ...	1993	8380785
human papillomavirus dna in distant metastases of cervical cancer.	eighteen distant metastases from cervical cancer to the extrapelvic abdomen, extraabdominal lymph nodes, vulva, suburethral region, skin, and breast in 17 patients were analyzed by southern blot hybridization under nonstringent and stringent conditions for the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35 dna. fourteen metastases in thirteen patients were hpv-positive. thirteen tumors contained hpv-16 and one hpv-related sequences with varying copy number. in 9 of 11 c ...	1993	8380788
hpv16 e7 protein associates with the protein kinase p33cdk2 and cyclin a.	e7 is the major transforming protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16). it has been found to associate with the retinoblastoma protein rb1. we investigated whether hpv16 e7 protein was associated with other cellular proteins, in particular with those involved in cell cycle control. immunoprecipitates from caski cell extracts with an anti e7 monoclonal antibody contained a histone h1 kinase. recombinant e7, synthesized in yeast, when mixed with protein extracts from epithelial cells bound h ...	1993	8380917
retinoic acid inhibition of human papillomavirus type 16-mediated transformation of human keratinocytes.	we previously reported that human keratinocytes (hkc) immortalized by transfection with human papillomavirus type 16 dna (hkc/hpv16) are more sensitive than normal hkc to growth inhibition by retinoic acid (ra), and that ra treatment of hkc/hpv16 inhibits hpv16 e6/e7 mrna expression (l. pirisi et al., cancer res., 52: 187-193, 1992). we now demonstrate that hpv16 e2 and e5 mrnas are also decreased by ra treatment of hkc/hpv16, indicating a general inhibition by ra on the expression of hpv16 earl ...	1993	8381332
immunoelectron microscopical localization of human papillomavirus type 16 l1 and e4 proteins in cervical keratinocytes cultured in vivo.	the human papillomavirus (hpv) causes warts, but is also associated with the development of squamous cell dysplasia and carcinoma. the virus is host and tissue specific and the numerous hpv types show predilection for different body sites. experimental production of hpv 16 particles is at present only possible using in vivo culture of keratinocytes containing episomal viral dna. using immunoelectron microscopy, we have investigated the localization of hpv 16 e4 and l1 proteins in a keratinized e ...	1993	8381449
antibodies against papillomavirus antigens in cervical secretions from condyloma patients.	samples of cervical secretions and serum from 30 women with genital condylomas and 30 age-matched controls were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg antibodies against a panel of papillomavirus-derived antigens. the same cervical samples were also analyzed for presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna by southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction. by southern blotting hpv dna was detected in 8 of 30 patients with condylomas and 2 of 30 controls, and by the polymerase c ...	1993	8381807
serological response to hpv 16 in cervical dysplasia and neoplasia: correlation of antibodies to e6 with cervical cancer.	sera from patients with cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and non-genital cancers, and from healthy individuals, were investigated for antibodies to human papilloma virus (hpv) early proteins e4, e6 and e7 and the major capsid protein li by western blot analysis of recombinant hpv proteins. there was a significantly higher prevalence of sera with antibodies to e6 in cervical cancer patients than in healthy individuals or in cin or non-genital-cancer patients. antibodies t ...	1993	8382193
genetic analysis of in vitro progression of human papillomavirus-transfected human cervical cells.	the authors have established an in vitro model system which demonstrates the progression of the transformed phenotypes of human cervical epithelial cells transfected with human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 and 18 dnas. both viral dnas exhibit immortalizing potential; however, only hpv 18-immortalized cell lines progress to exhibit anchorage-independent growth and, in a limited number of cases, tumorigenesis. in this paper, the authors have examined the genetic basis for this in vitro progression ...	1993	8382557
comparison between methods for human papillomavirus dna testing: a model for self-testing in young women.	this study examined the accuracy of samples obtained by women with dacron swabs for testing for human papillomavirus (hpv). a total of 114 women obtained samples with the swabs and then had routine pelvic examinations done by nurse practitioners during which endocervical and exocervical samples were obtained by speculum-assisted technique. these samples were used for hpv dna testing and cytology. the results of both sets of samples were compared. a total of 104 samples (91%) obtained by self-sam ...	1993	8382720
oral cancer and human papillomaviruses: is there a link?	cancer of the oral cavity accounts for almost 56,000 new cases in india each year totalling almost 30% of all cancer cases in the country. despite the numerous advances in etiology and epidemiology, the mechanisms involved in oral carcinogenesis remain obscure. current research has provided some provocative results, suggesting an association between human papillomavirus (hpv) and development of squamous cell tumors including oral cancer. evidence has been presented showing hpv infection of the o ...	1993	8382758
genital hpv infection not a local but a regional infection: experience from a female teenage group.	to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in a group of female teenagers, and to analyse to what extent hpv dna was also detectable, in urethra and cervix samples among the patients with macroscopic genital warts compared with those without.	1993	8383095
intramuscular beta-interferon treatment for severe vulvar vestibulitis.	seven patients with vulvar vestibulitis associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection were treated with intramuscular (im) injections of human beta-interferon. the im route was chosen to avoid painful intralesional injections. complete remission of symptoms was achieved in three patients who received 45 x 10(6) iu of beta-interferon; they remained asymptomatic for a duration of 6-18 months following treatment. of the four patients who received only 30 x 10(6) iu, two had complete remissio ...	1993	8383204
development of type-specific and cross-reactive serological probes for the minor capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 33.	human papillomavirus type 33 (hpv33) is associated with malignant tumors of the cervix. in an attempt to develop immunological probes for hpv33 infections, antisera against various bacterial fusion proteins carrying sequences of the minor capsid protein encoded by l2 were raised in animals. antigenic determinants on the hpv33 l2 protein were identified by using truncated fusion proteins and were classified as type specific or cross-reactive with respect to hpv1, -8, -11, -16, and -18. cross-reac ...	1993	8383218
cervical neoplasia. its association with human papillomavirus infection.	almost 70 human papillomavirus (hpv) types have been identified. an estimated one-third are anogenital associated. their presence in the genital tract is associated with cancer, and certain particular types have a high correlation with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and carcinoma. although a spectrum of histopathologic features within the epithelium characterize changes caused by hpv infection, only dna analysis accurately detects and determines the type of infection. the variety of mo ...	1993	8384240
re: detection of human papillomavirus in squamous neoplasm of the penis.		1993	8384274
detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in human prostatic tissues by polymerase chain reaction (pcr).	human papillomavirus (hpv) infections are strongly linked to the pathogenesis of uterine cervical neoplasms, and have been implicated in other cancers of the female genital tract. in contrast, the association of hpv with the cancers of the male urogenital tract is less evident, except in anal and penile cancers. however, recent studies reporting the prevalence of hpv infections in human prostate cancers (60-100% hpv 16 positive vs. no infection of hpv) have raised controversies regarding the pre ...	1993	8384363