Publications

the antioxidant properties of organosulfur compounds (sulforaphane).	sulforaphane (sfn) is a molecule within the isothiocyanate (itc) group of organosulfur compounds. sfn is a phytochemical commonly found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts and cabbages. it has been widely studied in order to evaluate its chemopreventive properties and some of those have already been established by means of animal and human models. the sfn induces phase i and ii enzymes involved in detoxification processes of chemical carcinogens in order to prevent the s ...	0	25944116
two likely targets for the anti-cancer effect of indole derivatives from cruciferous vegetables: pi3k/akt/mtor signalling pathway and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.	diets containing high quantities of plant foods are linked with a decreased likelihood of incidence of cancer. several common plant-based dietary components exert effects on dna methylation levels, and can positively influence genome stability and the transcription of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. indole-3-carbinol (i3c) is a substance present in vegetables of the brassicaeae family, especially broccoli, white cabbage, brussels sprouts and cauliflower. the in vivo biological effects of i3c ar ...	0	28596013
harnessing the power of cruciferous vegetables: developing a biomarker for brassica vegetable consumption using urinary 3,3'-diindolylmethane.	glucobrassicin in brassica vegetables gives rise to indole-3-carbinol (i3c), a compound with potent anticancer effects in preclinical models. we previously showed that the urinary metabolite 3,3'-diindolylmethane (dim) could discriminate between volunteers fed high and low doses of brassica vegetables. however, the quantitative relationship between glucobrassicin exposure and urinary dim level is unclear. we conducted a clinical trial to examine the hypotheses that a range of glucobrassicin expo ...	0	27538743
dietary glucosinolates sulforaphane, phenethyl isothiocyanate, indole-3-carbinol/3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-oxidative stress/inflammation, nrf2, epigenetics/epigenomics and in vivo cancer chemopreventive efficacy.	glucosinolates are a group of sulfur-containing glycosides found in many plant species, including cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. accumulating evidence increasingly supports the beneficial effects of dietary glucosinolates on overall health, including as potential anti-cancer agents, because of their role in the prevention of the initiation of carcinogenesis via the induction of cellular defense detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes and their epigen ...	0	26457242
the brassica epithionitrile 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane triggers cell death in human liver cancer cells in vitro.	glucosinolates are secondary metabolites present in brassica vegetables. alkenyl glucosinolates are enzymatically degraded forming nitriles or isothiocyanates, but in the presence of epithiospecifier protein, epithionitriles are released. however, studies on the occurrence of epithionitriles in brassica food and knowledge about their biological effects are scarce.	0	26251050
protective role of sulphoraphane against vascular complications in diabetes.	context diabetes is a global health challenge. although large prospective clinical trials have shown that intensive control of blood glucose or blood pressure reduces the risk for development and progression of vascular complications in diabetes, a substantial number of diabetic patients still experience renal failure and cardiovascular events, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rate in these subjects. objective sulphoraphane is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in ...	0	26841240
kinetic parameters for the thermal inactivation of peroxidase and lipoxygenase in precooked frozen brassica species.	thermal inactivation of peroxidase (pod) and lipoxygenase (lox), both enzymes present in broccoli and brussels sprouts, is required before freezing, to obtain high-quality precooked frozen vegetables. rate constants of a 1st-order biphasic model for the heat-labile and heat-resistant pod and lox isoenzymes were determined at different temperatures (75, 80, and 90 °c) and the corresponding activation energies were estimated using nonlinear regressions. in the case of brussels sprouts, the activat ...	0	28471020
3,3 diindolylmethane leads to apoptosis, decreases sperm quality, affects blood estradiol 17 β and testosterone, oestrogen (α and β) and androgen receptor levels in the reproductive system in male rats.	3,3 diindolylmethane (dim) is a major digestive product of indole-3 carbinol, obtained from brassica family vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and brussels sprouts. this study aimed to investigate the effects of dim on sperm parameters, histological structures of testicular tissues, blood testosterone (t) and estradiol 17-β (e2) in male rats. thirty-eight male sprague dawley rats were used. rats were divided into four groups: group i: referred as control group, received corn oil only; group ii ...	0	26926141
relation of hydrophilic colloids to hardiness in cabbage, brussels sprouts, and alfalfa plants as shown by the dye adsorption test.		1933	16652832
[not available].		1947	18910906
an adenosine hydrolase from brussels sprouts.		1963	14085386
the mineral composition of brussels sprouts.		1966	5911855
pesticide residues in foodstuffs in great britain. vii. demeton-methyl and dimethoate residues in brussels sprouts, lettuce, green peas and french beans, potatoes and strawberries.		1968	5678489
effects of dietary constituents on the metabolism of chemical carcinogens.	dietary constituents of 2 types have been shown to affect the metabolism of chemical carcinogens by the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system. naturally occurring inducers of increased activity of this system are present in plants. cruciferous vegetables including brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower are relatively potent in this regard. from these vegetables, three indoles with inducing activity have been identified. these are indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-carbinol, and 3,3'-diindoly ...	1975	1104144
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in rat tissues by naturally occurring indoles of cruciferous plants.	a phytochemical investigation to identify inducers of increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) activity from three cruciferous vegetables, brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower, resulted in the identification of indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-carbinol, and 3,3'-diindolylmethane as naturally occurring inducers. these compounds are produced during the hydrolysis of indolyl-methyl glucosinolate by the plant enzyme myrosinase.	1975	1127728
stimulatory effect of vegetables on intestinal drug metabolism in the rat.	the intestinal metabolism of hexobarbital, phenacetin, 7-ethoxycoumarin and benzo [a] pyrene in vitro was increased in rats fed either dried brussels sprouts or dried cabbage in a nutritionally complete semisynthetic diet as compared to rats fed only the semisynthetic diet. pretreatment of rats with several indoles present in brussels sprouts and cabbage also stimulated intestinal drug metabolism, but the effect was smaller than when dried brussels sprouts or dried cabbage was fed. the results o ...	1976	948025
dietary constituents altering the responses to chemical carcinogens.	this paper deals with two categories of compounds having the capacity to inhibit the neoplastic effects of chemical carcinogens on the host. the first are inducers of increased microsomal mixed function oxidase activity. an increasing number of these inducers are being found in natural products. cruciferous vegetables including brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower contain such compounds. recently indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane have been identified as ind ...	1976	1261715
[changes in weight of fresh and dried vegetables on cooking].	the present study represents part of a more important work relative to normal food refuse and change of weight of varied food according to different ways of cooking. the study has been realized on vegetables and some fruits of frequent utilization in the population. it was accomplished by 25 voluntary housekeepers from paris and marseille during a whole year according to precise instructions about the method of weighings, every vegetable having to be weighed, three times at different intervals, ...	1976	970838
regulation of drug metabolism in man by environmental chemicals and diet.	studies in animals have shown that many environmental pollutants induce the synthesis or inhibit the activity of microsomal mixed-function oxygenases that metabolize drugs, carcinogens and normal body constituents such as steroid hormones. these effects on microsomal enzyme activity alter the duration and intensity of action of foreign and endogenous chemicals in animals, and such effects on metabolism may influence the carcinogenicity of some pollutants in man. studies on the effects of environ ...	1977	844609
diet in the epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum.	we examined the diets as reported in interviews of 256 white male patients with cancer of the colon and of 330 white male patients with cancer of the rectum. controls were 783 patients with nonneoplastic, nondigestive system diseases distributed by age similarly to the colon cancer patients and 628 patients with nonneoplastic, nondigestive diseases distributed by age like those with cancer of the rectum. we found no increase in risk for cancer of the colon or rectum regardless of the amounts of ...	1978	278848
effect of diet on the hepatotoxicity of polybrominated biphenyls (firemaster pb-6).	the consumption of diets formulated with cruciferae vegetables, e.g., cauliflower, cabbage, and brussels sprouts, has been shown to result in a stimulation of the intestinal and hepatic microsomal enzyme systems in rats. this study was designed to determine if this increase in intestinal and hepatic microsomal enzyme activity affected the hepatic response to polybrominated biphenyls (pbb). after three weeks of consuming either a semipurified or 25% cauliflower leaf-supplemented diet (cld), male ...	1978	209966
folate conjugase activity in fresh vegetables and its effect on the determination of free folate content.	the levels of naturally-occurring folate conjugates in fresh asparagus, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower lettuce, and spinach were determined together with the effect on the hydrolysis of pteroylpolyglutamates during the extraction phase of the lactobacillus casei assay. the levels of conjugate activity vary widely among the vegetables tested, from a low of 0.30 +/- 0.21 in lettuce to a high of 106.2 +/- 6.6 mumoles/hr per 100 mg of fresh weight in spinach. the free folate values ...	1979	760505
stimulatory effect of brussels sprouts and cabbage on human drug metabolism.		1979	758247
regulation of human drug metabolism by dietary factors.	several dietary factors influence the oxidative metabolism of chemicals in humans. increasing the ratio of protein to carbohydrate or fat in the diet, feeding cabbage and brussels sprouts or feeding charcoal-broiled beef for several days stimulates human drug metabolism. the chronic ingestion of ethanol stimulates drug metabolism whereas the chronic ingestion of methylxanthine-containing foods inhibits drug metabolism. in contrast, an increase in the ratio of fat to carbohydrate in the diet of n ...	1980	6906262
distribution of s-alleles and breeding structure of cape broccoli (brassica oleracea var.'italica').	182 plants representing 7 cultivars of cape broccoli were tested for their s-alleles using the standard brassica s-allele collection. in all but 12 plants both s-alleles were identified. a total of 20 different s-alleles were found, 9 of which occurred in the autumn types but not in the spring, 5 of which occurred in the spring types and not the autumn, and 6 of which were common to both. most of the s-alleles detected in cape broccoli were also found in brussels sprouts or kales, but of the thr ...	1980	24301211
the identification of the goitrogen (-)5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione (goitrin), as a bitter principle of cooked brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea l. var. gemmifera).	(-)5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione (goitrin), a well-known goitrogen, has been identified as a bitter principle in cooked brussels sprouts (br. oleracea var. l. gemmifera). the identification was carried out by chemical analysis and sensory assessment.	1981	6163263
the inheritance of node number and rate of node production in brussels sprouts.	the total vegetative node number, rate of node production and number of sprouts over 13 mm diameter were recorded for 10 f1 brussels sprout cultivars and 45 progenies derived by intercrossing and selfing them. significant differences, resulting from additive gene action, were found between the 10 cultivars and between their progenies for both characters. for total node number there was also evidence of dominant gene action. total node number and rate of node production were closely correlated as ...	1981	24276384
glutathione s-transferase activity: enhancement by compounds inhibiting chemical carcinogenesis and by dietary constituents.	benzyl isothiocyanate, beta-naphthoflavone, coumarin, alpha-angelicalactone, disulfiram, indole-3-carbinol and indole-3-acetonitrile induced increased glutathione (gsh) s-transferase activity in the liver and small intestine in female icr/ha mice. all seven compounds are inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis. in additional work, several dietary constituents increased gsh s-transferase activity. consumption of diets containing dried powdered preparations of brussels sprouts, cabbage, coffee beans ...	1982	6278195
effects of dietary cabbage, brussels sprouts, illicium verum, schizandra chinensis and alfalfa on the benzo[alpha]pyrene metabolic system in mouse liver.	male c57b16 mice were fed on diets containing either 20% cabbage, 20% brussels sprouts, 20% alfalfa, 5% schizandra chinensis or 5% illicium verum (two chinese medicinal herbs) or on a chow or purified basal diet for 14 days after a 1-wk equilibration period on the basal diet. liver microsomal fractions were assayed for cytochrome p-450 content, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) and epoxide hydrolase (eh). liver microsome-mediated benzo[a]pyrene (bp) metabolism (with and without an eh inhibitor, ...	1983	6311701
comparison of the effects of brussels sprouts, glucosinolates, and glucosinolate metabolite consumption on rat hepatic polysubstrate monooxygenases.		1983	6677468
[hydroxycinnamic acid esters in brassicaceous vegetables and garden cress].	the esters of caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid with glucose or quinic acid and sinapoylglucose were determined in cauliflower, kale, brussel sprouts, red, white, savoy and chinese cabbage and in garden cress by two different hplc methods with gradient elution. in addition the occurrence of sinapin (sinapoylcholin) was checked. the pattern of hydroxycinamic acid esters in the brassica species varied appreciably. in garden cress besides sinapin only sinapoylglucose was found. sinapoylglucose i ...	1983	6613360
effect of brussels sprouts and cabbage on drug conjugation.	ten healthy subjects were fed three diets for 10 days each: a control diet, a cabbage and brussels sprouts--containing diet, and the control diet a second time. oxazepam was taken on day 7 and acetaminophen on day 10 of each dietary regimen. the test diet stimulated the metabolism of acetaminophen, at least in part by enhanced glucuronidation, as evidenced by a 16% decrease in mean plasma auc, a 17% increase in mean metabolic clearance rate, an increased ratio of acetaminophen glucuronide to ace ...	1984	6692645
changes in percentage organic carbon content during ontogeny.	changes in percentage organic carbon content were assessed during the first five weeks of growth of uniculm barley (hordeum vulgare) and brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea) plants grown in controlled-environment conditions at two constant temperatures, 16° and 22°c. foliage (leaf laminae), stem, and root material was assayed in both species, together with leaf sheaths of barley and cotyledon laminae of brussels sprouts. in barley, there was a decline in percentage organic carbon content with in ...	1984	24258410
effect of dietary indole-3-carbinol on intestinal and hepatic monooxygenase, glutathione s-transferase and epoxide hydrolase activities in the rat.	male sprague-dawley rats were fed on purified diets supplemented with 50-500 ppm indole-3-carbinol (i3c), a compound present in cruciferous vegetables, or with 25% brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea) for 10 days after a 1-wk equilibration on a purified diet. cytosolic and microsomal fractions were prepared from liver and intestinal mucosae. intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) activity was increased significantly (p less than 0.05) over basal levels by i3c at 50 ppm (a 6.1-fold increas ...	1984	6334634
improved enrichment for recovery of shigella sonnei from foods.	shigella species were recovered from foods by the procedure described in the bacteriological analytical manual, 5th ed. the method is effective if shigella species are present at about 10(6) cells/g. a 25 g food portion was incubated in gram-negative (gn) and selenite cystine broths for 16 h at 35 degrees c and streaked onto macconkey, levine's eosin methylene blue, desoxycholate citrate, and xylose lysine desoxycholate agars. s. sonnei cells were recovered quantitatively at 44.5 degrees c, and ...	1985	3894320
effects of commonly consumed vegetables on hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the mouse.	to investigate the effects of consuming a variety of common vegetables on the activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the mouse liver, male c57bl/6 mice were fed purified diets supplemented isocalorically with 20% freeze-dried powdered kidney bean, soya bean, alfalfa, cauliflower, mustard greens, carrot, kale, brussels sprouts, beet, egg plant or onion or with 40% sweet potato. hepatic ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase (ecd) activity was increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) ...	1985	3877667
the effects of dietary brussels sprouts and schizandra chinensis on the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of the rat small intestine.	after an initial equilibration period of 7 days on a semi-synthetic basal diet, male sprague-dawley rats were fed for 2 wk on either the basal diet (controls), the basal diet containing 5% schizandra chinensis or 25% brussels sprouts, or on rat chow. one group of chow-fed rats was pretreated with 20 mg 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc)/kg body weight, 24 hr before they were killed. microsomal and cytosolic fractions were prepared from small intestine mucosa. microsomes were assayed for cytochrome p-45 ...	1985	3871719
hepatic glutathione s-transferase activity and aflatoxin b1-induced enzyme altered foci in rats fed fractions of brussels sprouts.	the aim of the present study was to determine whether the liver cytosol detoxication enzymes, glutathione s-transferases (gstases) as well as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) foci induced by aflatoxin b1 (afb) were changed by feeding weanling rats diets containing brussels sprouts, a glucosinolate fraction of brussels sprouts (extract), or a non-glucosinolate fraction (residue). all 3 of these diets induced high levels of hepatic gstase specific activity as compared to purified-basal diet fed ...	1985	2865002
a comparative study of the egg-laying behaviour and larval development of pieris rapae l. and p. brassicae l. on the same host plants.	pieris rapae and p. brassicae feed on the same host plants and have synchronized seasons. p. brassicae, whose larvae are twice the size of p. rapae, lays eggs in clusters of 40-100 eggs whereas p. rapae lays single eggs. in this paper we examine how egg clustering may be advantageous for p. brassicae. the larval development of each species was studied, and found not to differ significantly. p. brassicae larvae were observed to migrate from their host plant after defoliating it. a comparison of t ...	1985	28311324
increased green and yellow vegetable intake and lowered cancer deaths in an elderly population.	in a prospective cohort study of 1271 massachusetts residents 66 years of age or older, we examined the association between consumption of carotene-containing vegetables and subsequent five year mortality. dietary information was obtained by food frequency questionnaire in 1976. the relative risk of cancer mortality was examined within quintiles of green and yellow vegetable score (calculated from intake of carrots or squash, tomatoes, salads or leafy vegetables, dried fruits, fresh strawberries ...	1985	3966422
preliminary observations on the effect of dietary brussels sprouts on thyroid function.	brassica vegetables are the major source of glucosinolates in the human diet. certain glucosinolates are readily converted into goitrogenic species, notably 5-vinyloxazolidine-2-thione and thiocyanate ion. the effect of dietary brussels sprouts, a particularly rich source of such glucosinolates, on thyroid function has been examined. inclusion of cooked brussels sprouts (150 g daily for 4 weeks) into a normal diet of 10 volunteer subjects had no effect on thyroid function as determined by measur ...	1986	2419242
dietary influences on rat hepatic and intestinal dt-diaphorase activity.	dt-diaphorase (dtd) is a flavoprotein that catalyses the two-electron reduction of various redox dyes and quinones such as menadione and phylloquinone. it has been proposed that this enzyme may have a protective effect against cancer, as the two-electron reduction prevents the formation of toxic oxygen metabolites that may be generated as a result of the one-electron reduction catalysed by enzymes such as nadph-cytochrome p-450 reductase. the effects of a purified diet supplemented with either 2 ...	1986	3096849
effects of dietary schizandra chinensis, brussels sprouts and illicium verum extracts on carcinogen metabolism systems in mouse liver.	ethanol extracts of brussels sprouts (brx), schizandra chinensis (szx) or illicium verum (ivx) were added to a semi-purified basal diet and fed to adult male and female c57b1/6 mice for 14 and 10 days, respectively. other groups received the unsupplemented basal diet or a mouse chow. liver fractions were prepared from these mice to investigate the effects of the diets on the enzyme systems involved in benzo[a]pyrene (bp) and aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism. the effects of the microsomal or cytoso ...	1986	3096852
abnormal n-nonacosane storage in humans: detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of tissue extracts.	we report a case of n-nonacosane storage disease, which went undiagnosed until the death of a 55-year-old farmer. clinical, histological, and biochemical features are discussed. n-nonacosane storage was identified by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of different tissue extracts, n-nonacosane concentration reaching 1.2 mg g-1 of lung tissue and 0.32 mg g-1 of liver tissue. it was possible to rule out a work-induced intoxication, and n-nonacosane storage appeared to be accounted for ...	1987	2960393
genetic and non-genetic factors affecting anther culture of brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea var. gemmifera).	eight inbred lines of brussels sprouts and ten f1 hybrids derived from them were tested for their response to anther culture. from 5-19 plants per genotype were tested, and each plant was tested on 3-6 separate occasions. results from the inbred lines were broadly similar to those from the f1 hybrids, despite the inbreds producing fewer buds and having a higher frequency of anther deformities. the maximum embryo yield from an inbred line was 215 embryos per 100 anthers, and from a hybrid was 275 ...	1987	24240210
nutrient sources in the english diet: quantitative data from three english towns.	diet records from 2402 middle-aged men and women in three english towns have been used to derive food lists which indicate the percentage contribution each food, or group of foods, makes to the intake of specific nutrients. comparison of these food lists with those based on the american diet show differences in sources of nutrients; for example, brussels sprouts provide 5% of the vitamin c intake in our english towns, whereas in the us they provide only 0.3%. it would not be appropriate, therefo ...	1988	3225094
the effect of a diet rich in brussels sprouts on warfarin pharmacokinetics.	ten healthy subjects were given 20 mg of warfarin orally before, and after a daily intake of 400 g of brussels sprouts for 2 weeks. the brussels sprouts diet stimulated warfarin disposal as evidenced by a 29% increase in mean elimination rate constant, accompanied by a 27% increase in metabolic clearance rate and a 16% decrease in plasma auc. it is concluded that a high intake of brussels sprouts, a cruciferous vegetable, accelerates warfarin disposal, and thereby might contribute to less antico ...	1988	3203715
protective effect of dietary brussels sprouts against mammary carcinogenesis in sprague-dawley rats.	the effect of dietary brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea, l.) on mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) was studied in sprague-dawley female rats. rats fed a 20% brussels sprouts diet only during the initiation period of carcinogenesis had a palpable mammary tumor incidence of 13%, while those fed a casein-cornstarch semi-purified diet during this initiation period had a tumor incidence of 77% after 15 weeks post dmba dose. when the rats were switched from the s ...	1988	3129179
diffuse storage of vegetal wax hydrocarbons of dietary origin. pathologic and chemical findings in a case.	a 55-year-old man died suddenly, after presenting with unstable angina and an asymptomatic micronodular pulmonary pattern. autopsy revealed storage of a crystallized fatty substance in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and lungs. in the latter organ, the deposition formed foreign body granulomas, accounting for the radiographic appearance. mass spectrometry identified the fatty substance as straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) of carbon-29 and carbon-31 atoms, which ar ...	1989	2705874
effect of diet and route of administration on the dna binding of aflatoxin b1 in the rat.	the effects of dietary brussels sprouts and indole-3-carbinol (i3c) on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities and hepatic aflatoxin b1 (afb1)-dna binding were determined in rats. animals were dosed intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intragastrically (i.g.) with [3h]afb1 and killed 2 (i.p.) or 3 (i.g.) h later. brussels sprouts caused a significant (p less than 0.01) 50-60% decrease in hepatic afb1-dna binding, and increased hepatic and intestinal glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities. hepatic m ...	1989	2702710
effect of dietary brussels sprouts with increased selenium content on mammary carcinogenesis in the rat.	brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea, l; jade cross e, hybrid cultivar) were cultivated with inorganic selenium added to the plant growth medium. sprague-dawley, female, weanling rats were divided into groups and fed 20% brussels sprouts diets containing either 0.03, 0.58, 1.29, or 6.71 ppm of selenium naturally occurring in the sprouts. these diets were fed 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba), and the rats were then placed on a low selenium bas ...	1989	2496915
the effect of feeding brassica vegetables and intact glucosinolates on mixed-function-oxidase activity in the livers and intestines of rats.	significant induction of mixed-function-oxidase (mfo) activity was observed in the small intestines of rats within 4-6 hr of ingestion of a single meal containing a brassica vegetable (cabbage). intact brussels sprouts and a fractionated methanol-water extract of brussels sprouts induced similar degrees of mfo activity in the livers, and small and large intestines of rats. however, the residue left after extraction of the polar compounds did not induce mfo activity. different amounts of the vari ...	1989	2473016
performance of recombinant inbred lines in brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea var. gemmifera).	performance of a random array of recombinant inbred lines derived by single seed descent from five different source populations of brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) is presented. a total of 2,356 lines were tested in trials during 1985 and 1986. three of the source populations were derived from double crosses between f1 hybrids. these hybrids show a considerable heterotic advantage over their inbred parents for the most important agronomic traits. the recombinant inbred lines p ...	1989	24232720
metabolism of chlorfenvinphos in both soil and plant of cauliflower and brussels sprouts field crops.		1989	2597799
[effect of the variety and size of fresh and frozen brussels sprouts on the vitamin c level].	the content of vitamin c was determined in the following varieties of brussels sprouts: maczuga, citadel f1, lancelot f1 and valiant f1 with diameter 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 mm. the raw vegetable, the blanched raw sprouts, frozen sprouts immediately after freezing and after 2, 4 and 6 months of frozen storage, and sprouts kept frozen for 6 months and boiled then. the content of vitamin c in the raw vegetable, in the frozen semiproduct, and in the product ready for consumption depended on the varie ...	1989	2634300
glutathione s-transferase subunit induction patterns of brussels sprouts, allyl isothiocyanate and goitrin in rat liver and small intestinal mucosa: a new approach for the identification of inducing xenobiotics.	effects of brussels sprouts (2.5-30%), allyl isothiocyanate (0.03 and 0.1%) and goitrin (0.02%), in the diet, on the glutathione s-transferase subunit pattern in the liver and small intestinal mucosa of male fisher rats were investigated. a statistically significant linear relationship was found between the amount of brussels sprouts in the diet and the induction of glutathione s-transferase subunits in two experiments. increases in total activity of glutathione s-transferases towards 1-chloro-2 ...	1990	2341092
fermentation of vegetable fiber in the intestinal tract of rats and effects on fecal bulking and bile acid excretion.	the fermentative breakdown and fecal bulking capacity of dietary fiber from various vegetables (carrots, rutabagas, peas, green beans and brussels sprouts) were evaluated in balance experiments in rats. the excretion of bile acids, protein and fat was also studied. the addition of blanched vegetables providing 10 g of fiber/100 g of diet caused a two-(rutabagas) to threefold (carrots) increase in fecal dry weight compared to that with a basal fiber-free diet. with green beans and brussels sprout ...	1990	2160526
small intestinal cytochromes p450.	small intestinal cytochromes p450 (p450) provide the principal, initial source of biotransformation of ingested xenobiotics. the consequences of such biotransformation are detoxification by facilitating excretion, or toxification by bioactivation. p450s occur at highest concentrations in the duodenum, near the pylorus, and at decreasing concentrations distally--being lowest in the ileum. highest concentrations occur from midvillus to villous tip, with little or none occurring in the crypts of li ...	1991	1801846
effects of high levels of brussels sprouts in the diet of rats.	to examine the possible harmful effects of feeding brussels sprouts to rats, groups of 10 male, weanling rats received the non-dehydrated vegetable in moist diets at levels providing 2.5-30% of the dry matter for 4 wk. a first study comprised test diets with 15 and 30% of the dry matter as uncooked or cooked brussels sprouts and control diets without and with 0.2% potassium thiocyanate (kscn) for comparison. the second study comprised diets with 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% of the cooked vegetable and ...	1991	1765328
aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness-receptor agonists generated from indole-3-carbinol in vitro and in vivo: comparisons with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.	indole-3-carbinol (i3c) is a secondary plant metabolite produced in vegetables of the brassica genus, including cabbage, cauliflower, and brussels sprouts. i3c is both an anti-initiator and a promoter of carcinogenesis. consumption of i3c by humans and rodents can lead to marked increases in activities of cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenases and in a variety of phase ii drug-metabolizing enzymes. we have reported previously that the enzyme-inducing activity of i3c is mediated through a mech ...	1991	1658785
modification of carcinogen metabolism by indolylic autolysis products of brassica oleraceae.	cruciferous plant foods contain large quantities of secondary plant metabolites that have been shown to inhibit chemically induced carcinogenesis in animals. one mechanism by which these chemicals may inhibit carcinogenesis is through the induction of enzymes, such as cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenases, glutathione s-transferases (gst) or epoxide hydrolases (eh), which metabolize carcinogens to more polar and excretable forms. cruciferous vegetables of the brassica genus (e.g. brussels sp ...	1991	1897390
taste preference for brussels sprouts: an informal look.	an inquiry of the taste preference of 442 business students for brussels sprouts showed about a 50% dislike of the vegetable, 40% indifference, and a 10% like. some implications of the findings are suggested.	1991	1792285
diet and the irritable bowel syndrome.	food intake plays a key role in triggering or perpetuating symptoms in patients with ibs. evaluation of the impact of diet in the individual patient requires a precise dietary history and a 7-day prospective dietary analysis, which should include the quality and quantity of food consumed, chronologic sequence and nature of symptoms, and the frequency and consistency of bowel movements. the caloric density of the meal, total fat intake, the quantity and quality of lactose-containing foods, sorbit ...	1991	2066155
eat your broccoli (and brussels sprouts)		1992	1557112
diet, alcohol, smoking, serum beta-carotene, and vitamin a in male nonmelanocytic skin cancer patients and controls.	a case-control study was conducted in melbourne, australia of 88 consecutive males admitted for the surgical removal of a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (histologically confirmed basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and of 88 male control patients admitted for small elective surgical procedures. in both cases and controls, previous diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking habit were investigated and serum beta-carotene and vitamin a levels were measured. a statistically significant invers ...	1992	1296197
effects of cooked brussels sprouts on cytochrome p-450 profile and phase ii enzymes in liver and small intestinal mucosa of the rat.	male wistar rats were given semi-synthetic diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5 and 20% cooked brussels sprouts for 2, 7, 14 or 28 days. the effects on several cytochrome p-450 enzymes and phase ii enzymes (glutathione s-transferase (gst), glucuronyl transferases 1 and 2 (gt1 and gt2) and dt-diaphorase (dtd)) in the liver and small intestinal mucosa were investigated. from 2 days of exposure onwards brussels sprouts induced p4501a2 and--to a lesser extent--p4501a1 apoprotein levels in the liver, wh ...	1992	1544602
management of plant-parasitic nematodes with a chitin-urea soil amendment and other materials.	field trials were conducted with a chitin-urea soil amendment and several other nematicides on four crop-nematode combinations: tomato-meloidogyne incognita; potato-meloidogyne chitwoodi; walnut-pratylenchus vulnus; and brussels sprouts-heterodera schachtii. significant (p </= 0.10) nematode population reductions were obtained with the chitin-urea soil amendment in the trims on potato and walnut. in the trials on brussels sprouts and on tomato, phytotoxicity occurred at rates of 1,868 and 1,093 ...	1992	19283044
induction of rat hepatic and intestinal glutathione s-transferases and glutathione by dietary naturally-occurring anticarcinogens.	effects of dietary naturally occurring anticarcinogens; quercetin, flavone, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, tannic acid, curcumin, coumarin, alpha-angelicalactone, fumaric acid and brussels sprouts on male wistar rat hepatic and intestinal (i) glutathione s-transferases (gst) enzyme activity, (ii) gst isozyme levels and (iii) glutathione (gsh) content were investigated. gst enzyme activity was significantly increased by all anticarcinogens tested, except fumaric acid, at least at one of the five sit ...	1993	21573484
oltipraz: a laboratory and clinical review.	oltipraz [5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiole-3-thione; rp 35972] is a synthetic, substituted 1,2-dithiole-3-thione previously used in humans as an antischistosomal agent. cruciferous vegetables (e.g., brussels sprouts, cabbage) contain several agents, including dithiolethiones, which appear to inhibit carcinogenesis; however, it is unclear which dietary compounds produce the protective effects. animal studies have demonstrated that oltipraz is a potent inducer of phase ii detoxification enzym ...	1993	8412206
[omeprazole and the cytochrome p450 system of the liver].	enzymes of the cytochrome p450 family play a key role in xenobiotic and thus drug metabolism. the h+,k(+)-atpase blocker, omeprazole, has been reported to inhibit (subfamily p450iic) or induce (p450ia) this system. the slower metabolic elimination of diazepam, warfarin und phenytoin is probably due to omeprazole competition for p450iic; however, this effect was rather negligible in magnitude and not reproducible in each case. also induction of p450ia was only minor; it resulted in no (theophylli ...	1993	8412467
aba promotion of ethylene production in anther culture of brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) and its relevance to embryogenesis.	abscisic acid (aba) inhibited embryogenesis in anther culture of brussels sprouts. this was accompanied by enhanced ethylene production during the first half of the anther culture period followed by a reduction in ethylene during the latter half, when compared to anthers not treated with aba. the enhancement of ethylene production by aba 6 h and 48 h after the start of the culture period was counteracted by the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (avg). both avg and the ethyl ...	1993	28741775
effects of different vegetables in mixed meals on glucose homeostasis and satiety.	different vegetables--carrots, peas, brussels sprouts and spinach--were added to a typical swedish lunch test meal in portions of 96-164 g. the test and the control meals without vegetables were balanced with respect to digestible carbohydrates (59.7 g) and energy (2000 kj, 475 kcal), and as far as possible also concerning protein and fat. the added vegetables contained 4.4 g dietary fibre. the meals were prepared by microwave heating and served in the morning after an overnight fast to 10 healt ...	1993	8384548
induction of parasitoid attracting synomone in brussels sprouts plants by feeding ofpieris brassicae larvae: role of mechanical damage and herbivore elicitor.	induction of plant defense in response to herbivory includes the emission of synomones that attract the natural enemies of herbivores. we investigated whether mechanical damage to brussels sprouts leaves (brassica oleracea var.gemmifera) is sufficient to obtain attraction of the parasitoidcotesia glomerata or whether feeding bypieris brassicae caterpillars elicits the release of synomones not produced by mechanically damaged leaves. the response of the parasitoidcotesia glomerata to different ty ...	1994	24242803
cancer preventive properties of varieties of brassica oleracea: a review.	cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and other members of the genus brassica have been widely regarded as potentially cancer preventative. this view is often based on both experimental testing of crude extracts and epidemiological data. the experimental evidence that provides support for this possibility is reviewed for the commonly consumed varieties of brassica oleracea. in a majority of cases the biological activities seen in testing crude extracts may be directly related to specific chemical ...	1994	8172118
consumption of brussels sprouts results in elevated alpha-class glutathione s-transferase levels in human blood plasma.	the effect of consumption of glucosinolate-containing brussels sprouts on alpha-class glutathione s-transferase levels in human blood plasma was investigated in 10 healthy, male, non-smoking volunteers. following a 3-week run-in period, five volunteers continued on a glucosinolate-free diet during a subsequent 3-week intervention period (control group), while the other five (sprouts group) consumed 300 g of cooked brussels sprouts per day, at the expense of 300 g of a glucosinolate-free vegetabl ...	1994	8200071
in vitro effect of vegetable and fruit juices on the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline.	the antimutagenic potencies of the juices of 28 fruits and 34 vegetables commonly consumed in germany were investigated with respect to the mutagenic activities induced by 2-amino-3-methyl[4,5-f]-quinoline (iq), and in part by 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (meiq) or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (meiqx) in salmonella typhimurium ta98 and ta100. with iq, weak to strong antimutagenic activities were found in 68% of the fruits and 73% of the vegetables that were tested ...	1994	8206443
selective responsiveness of human breast cancer cells to indole-3-carbinol, a chemopreventive agent.	indole-3-carbinol (i3c), a compound found in cabbage, broccoli, and brussels sprouts, inhibits the growth of mammary tumors when fed to certain strains of mice. the chemopreventive and antitumor effects of i3c depend on the species and tissue type. the mechanism of action and specific human cell types that respond to i3c are not known.	1994	8271295
modifying actions of solvent extracts from fruit and vegetable residues on 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (meiqx) induced mutagenesis in salmonella typhimurium ta 98.	the edible parts of 13 fruits--apples, apricots, bananas, blackberries, sweet cherries, red currants, white grapes, oranges, peaches, pears, plums, raspberries, and strawberries--and of 12 vegetables--asparagus, green beans, broccoli, brussels sprouts, red and white cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, onions, green peppers, spinach, and tomatoes--were squeezed in order to separate juices and residues. the residues were washed, lyophilized, and extracted sequentially with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ac ...	1995	7531289
reduction of oxidative dna-damage in humans by brussels sprouts.	the effect of consumption of brussels sprouts on levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodg) in human urine was investigated in 10 healthy, male, non-smoking volunteers. following a 3 week run-in period, five volunteers continued on a diet free of cruciferous vegetables for a subsequent 3 week intervention period (control group), while the other five (sprouts group) consumed 300 g of cooked brussels sprouts per day, at the expense of 300 g of a glucosinolate-free vegetable. levels of ...	1995	7728983
effects of consumption of brussels sprouts on intestinal and lymphocytic glutathione s-transferases in humans.	a high intake of glucosinolate-containing cruciferous vegetables, such as brussels sprouts (brassica oleraceae), has been linked to a decreased cancer risk, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. the aim of this study was to reveal possible modulating effects of consumption of brussels sprouts on duodenal, rectal and lymphocytic (i) glutathione s-transferase (gst) enzyme activity, (ii) gst isozyme levels and (iii) glutathione (gsh) content. ten healthy non-smoking volunteers were randoml ...	1995	7554064
effects of consumption of brussels sprouts on plasma and urinary glutathione s-transferase class-alpha and -pi in humans.	the effects of consumption of glucosinolate-containing brussels sprouts on plasma and urinary glutathione s-transferase (gst) class-alpha and -pi were investigated. five male and five female non-smoking volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups in a crossover design. five persons started on a glucosinolate-free diet (control period), while the other five consumed 300 g of cooked brussels sprouts per day, at the expense of 300 g of glucosinolate-free vegetables (sprouts period). dietary reg ...	1995	7728980
review article: omeprazole and the cytochrome p450 system.	enzymes of the cytochrome p450 superfamily play a key role in xenobiotic metabolism. their properties and significance are discussed with particular reference to interactions with the h+,k(+)-atpase blocker, omeprazole. such interactions include both inhibitory (subfamily 2c) and inducing effects (subfamily 1a). delayed metabolic elimination of diazepam, warfarin, carbamazepin and phenytoin is probably due to omeprazole competition for the concerned isoform of subfamily 2c; however, these effect ...	1995	7766737
epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk.	this paper gives an overview of the epidemiological data concerning the cancer-preventive effect of brassica vegetables, including cabbage, kale, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. the protective effect of brassicas against cancer may be due to their relatively high content of glucosinolates. certain hydrolysis products of glucosinolates have shown anticarcinogenic properties. the results of 7 cohort studies and 87 case-control studies on the association between brassica consumption an ...	1996	8877066
do dietary phytochemicals with cytochrome p-450 enzyme-inducing activity increase high-density-lipoprotein concentrations in humans?	low plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (hdl) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. several drugs that induce the microsomal cytochrome p-450-dependent enzyme system in liver and intestine, the sites of hdl apolipoprotein (apo) a-i and a-ii synthesis, raise plasma hdl concentrations in humans. to test the hypothesis that phytochemicals with cytochrome p-450-inducing activity may also increase plasma hdl concentrations, two controlled dietary trials were unde ...	1996	8901789
effects of fertilizer on insecticides adsorption and biodegradation in crop soils.	recent organic fertilizer treatments (cow manure, pig slurry, composts, or green manure) simultaneously increase insecticide adsorption onto soil and the insecticide soil persistence, indicating a mechanism of slow release of insecticide into soil by the organic matter. this occurred in sugar beet crops with aldicarb, thiofanox and imidacloprid; also, in leek, cauliflower and brussels sprouts crops with chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinphos. in contrast, organic fertilizer treatments applied once or ...	1996	8687996
are whole extracts and purified glucosinolates from cruciferous vegetables antioxidants?	fruits and vegetables contain several classes of compounds that can potentially contribute to antioxidant activity, including vitamins, simple and complex phenolics, sulphur-containing compounds and glucosinolates. the glucosinolates are found in high concentration in many cruciferous vegetables, and it is well established that their breakdown products induce endogenous antioxidant defences such as quinone reductase and glutathione s-transferase in cells and in vivo. despite the anticarcinogenic ...	1996	8814445
genotoxic effects of crude juices from brassica vegetables and juices and extracts from phytopharmaceutical preparations and spices of cruciferous plants origin in bacterial and mammalian cells.	crude juices of eight brassica vegetables as well as juices and extracts of spices and phytopharmaceutical preparations from cruciferous vegetables were tested for induction of point mutations in salmonella ta98 and ta100, repairable dna damage in e.coli k-12 cells and clastogenic effects in mammalian cells. in bacterial assays, all juices caused genotoxic effects in the absence of metabolic activation, the ranking order being: brussels sprouts > white cabbage > cauliflower > green cabbage > koh ...	1996	8827059
cancer risk and oxidative dna damage in man.	in living cells reactive oxygen species (ros) are formed continuously as a consequence of metabolic and other biochemical reactions as well as external factors. some ros have important physiological functions. thus, antioxidant defense systems cannot provide complete protection from noxious effects of ros. these include oxidative damage to dna, which experimental studies in animals and in vitro have suggested are an important factor in carcinogenesis. despite extensive repair oxidatively modifie ...	1996	8862511
a review of mechanisms underlying anticarcinogenicity by brassica vegetables.	the mechanisms by which brassica vegetables might decrease the risk of cancer are reviewed in this paper. brassicas, including all types of cabbages, broccoli, cauliflower and brussels sprouts, may be protective against cancer due to their relatively high glucosinolate content. glucosinolates are usually broken down through hydrolysis catalyzed by myrosinase, an enzyme that is released from damaged plant cells. some of the hydrolysis products, viz. indoles and isothiocyanates, are able to influe ...	1997	9055870
effect of brussels sprouts on oxidative dna-damage in man.	the effect of consumption of brussels sprouts on the excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodg) into human urine was investigated. ten non-smoking volunteers (five males and five females) were randomly assigned to two groups. five volunteers started on a diet of 300 g of glucosinolate-free vegetables whereas the other five consumed 300 g of brussels sprouts per day. after 1 week dietary regimes were reversed. levels of 8-oxodg in 24-h urine samples were measured by high-performan ...	1997	9103270
influence of non-nutrient plant components on biotransformation enzymes.	plant foods contain numerous non-nutritive substances which exert biological activity. most attention has been focused on the anticarcinogenic effects of these compounds. many of the mechanisms involved include induction or inhibition of biotransformation enzymes. each individual has its own isoenzyme pattern for the various drug-metabolizing enzymes. the multiplicity of these enzymes results in differential responses to dietary constituents. a substance may increase the level of a certain p450, ...	1997	9436524
the effects of diet, aging and disease-states on presystemic elimination and oral drug bioavailability in humans.	presystemic metabolism occurring in the intestinal epithelium and/or liver is frequently an important determinant of drug bioavailability after oral administration. several factors are potentially involved in such a first-pass effect and their modulation may significantly contribute to intra- and interindividual variability in a drug's plasma concentration-time curve. for example, macronutrient intake and nutritional status may alter cytochrome p-450 (cyp) metabolism by the liver, and food per s ...	1997	10837555
isolation, properties and a possible function of a water-soluble chlorophyll a/b-protein from brussels sprouts.	a water-soluble chl a/b-protein (cp673) was isolated and purified from brussels sprouts (brassica oleracea l. var. gemmifera dc). the protein had a molecular mass of 78 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.7, consisted of three or four subunits of 22 kda and was extremely heat-stable. although cp673 contained about one chl a per protein, the blue and red absorption bands of chl a that consisted of three or four chl a forms with different absorption maxima suggested that there are several different ...	1997	9097480
brussels sprouts: an exceptionally rich source of ambiguity for anticancer strategies.		1998	9852997
quantitative determination of the glucosinolates sinigrin and progoitrin by specific antibody elisa assays in brussels sprouts.	glucosinolates from brussels sprout samples were extracted using an effective concentration of 2% phosphoric acid followed by a neutralization step and heat treatment for removal of inactivated protein. the (potentially) bitter glucosinolates sinigrin and progoitrin were found to be stable during this new extraction protocol. antisera, as raised against hemisuccinate-linked glucosinolate conjugates, were very specific in sandwich elisa assays for their corresponding substrates. the elisa assays ...	1998	10554317
experimental study of oxidative dna damage.	animal experiments allow the study of oxidative dna damage in target organs and the elucidation of dose-response relationships of carcinogenic and other harmful chemicals and conditions as well as the study of interactions of several factors. so far the effects of more than 50 different chemical compounds have been studied in animal experiments mainly in rats and mice, and generally with measurement of 8-oxodg with hplc-ec. a large number of well-known carcinogens induce 8-oxodg formation in liv ...	1998	10098457
antitumour promoting activity of indole-3-carbinol in mouse skin carcinogenesis.	there has been growing interest in recent years in the potential of brassica vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, etc.) as vectors for the introduction of anticarcinogenic compounds in the diet. indole-3-carbinol, a major indole metabolite present in the cruciferous vegetables, has been found to inhibit various rodent tumours when administered prior to or during carcinogen exposure. in this study, the antitumour promoting potential of indole-3-carbinol was studied in a two-stage m ...	1998	10381134
indole-3-carbinol inhibits the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase-6 and induces a g1 cell cycle arrest of human breast cancer cells independent of estrogen receptor signaling.	indole-3-carbinol (i3c), a naturally occurring component of brassica vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and brussels sprouts, has been shown to reduce the incidence of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced mammary tumors. treatment of cultured human mcf7 breast cancer cells with i3c reversibly suppresses the incorporation of [3h]thymidine without affecting cell viability or estrogen receptor (er) responsiveness. flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained cells revealed that i3c induces a g1 cell ...	1998	9461564
a comparison of the individual and collective effects of four glucosinolate breakdown products from brussels sprouts on induction of detoxification enzymes.	four glucosinolate derivatives were evaluated individually and as a mixture for their effects on hepatic p4501a (cyp1a), glutathione s-transferase (gst), quinone reductase (qr), glutathione reductase (g-rd), and gsh levels. doses of the derivatives were chosen to represent their relative abundance in brussels sprouts. adult male f344 rats received either corn oil (vehicle); one of the agents: indole-3-carbinol (i3c, 56 mg/kg), iberin (38 mg/kg), phenylethylisothiocyanate (peitc, 0.1 mg/kg), or c ...	1998	9512722
in vitro antimutagenic and in vivo anticlastogenic effects of carotenoids and solvent extracts from fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids.	the water insoluble residues of some carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, such as apricots, oranges, brussels sprouts, carrots, yellow-red peppers, and tomatoes, were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, and 2-propanol, and solvent extracted materials were tested for inhibition of mutagenicities induced by aflatoxin b1 (afb1), benzo[a]pyrene (bap), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq), and cyclophosphamide (cp) in histidine-deficient strains of salmonella typ ...	1998	9639691