Publications

why do herring gulls kill their young?		1906	17793032
aspergillosis in wild herring gulls.		1940	16560349
the permanent effects of early stilbestrol injections on the sex organs of the herring gull larus argentatus.		1946	20281531
the permanent effects of early stilbestrol injections on the sex organs of the herring gull (larus argentatus).		1947	20238550
physiological adaptation to cold of peripheral nerve in the leg of the herring gull (larus argentatus).		1953	13030797
recorded calls of herring gulls (larus argentatus) as repellents and attractants.		1955	17792519
the surface pattern of the nasal mucosa and its relation to mucous flow--a study of chicken and herring gull nasal mucosae.		1961	13864638
an electrophysiological study of the salt gland of the herring gull.		1962	13920569
studies on sodium-potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase. xi. the salt gland of the herring gull.		1964	14217201
properties of mitochondria isolated from herring gull salt gland.		1964	14160968
sequences in the maturation of the genitalia in tetrabothrius erostris (loennberg, 1889) from the intestine of larus argentatus argentatus pontoppidan.		1964	14204120
the infection of the gulls larus argentatus pont., l. fuscus l. and l. marinus l. with cestoda on the coast of wales.		1965	14342119
movements of na+ and k+ in slices of herring-gull salt gland.		1966	5971858
emesis in birds.	comparative studies of emesis in the herring gull, pigeon, chicken, and cowbird were conducted, using orally administered copper sulfate and intravenously administered copper sulfate, hydergine, apomorphine, and lanatoside c. a response to every emetic was elicited from some birds. however, the individual and species differences among the birds were as great as those among mammals. further, the response of the avian species studied did not indicate that any of them could be used to predict how a ...	1966	22413208
studies on the helminth parasites of the herring gull, larus argentatus pontopp., in northern caernarvonshire and anglesey.		1967	6069117
chlorinated hydrocarbons and eggshell changes in raptorial and fish-eating birds.	catastrophic declines of three raptorial species in the united states have been accompanied by decreases in eggshell thickness that began in 1947, have amounted to 19 percent or more, and were identical to phenomena reported in britain. in 1967, shell thickness in herring gull eggs from five states decreased with increases in chlorinated hydrocarbon residues.	1968	4877438
defense of feeding areas by adult herring gulls and intrusion by young.		1968	28564987
electron microscopic demonstration of adenosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity in herring gull salt glands.		1969	4186251
secretive response of the electrically stimulated nasal salt gland in larus argentatus (herring gull).		1969	5344899
[cardiac and hepatic coefficient and the content of some blood components in gray gull (larus argentatus) and cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) in the northern adria].		1969	5814859
[some blood components and magnitude of the liver and heart coefficients in herring gulls (larus argentatus l.) under seasonal and ecological conditions].		1969	5390274
aspergillosis in captive herring gulls.		1969	5817783
electrolyte excretion in seawater-loaded herring gulls.		1970	5448087
the effect of salt loading on the pituitary prolactin levels of the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos) and juvenile herring or lesser black-backed gulls (larus argentatus or larus fuscus).		1970	5471858
secretive pressure exerted by the stimulated nasal salt gland in larus argentatus (herring gull).		1970	5456888
brightness dependence of colour preferences in herring gull chicks.		1970	5511688
relationship between egg size and post-hatching chick mortality in the herring gull (larus argentatus).		1970	5487258
[influence of phenobarbital on breeding behavior of the herring gull (larus argentatus argentatus pontopp)].		1971	5105877
the hbo2 dissociation curve of the fulmar and the herring gull.		1971	5578727
foraging behaviour patterns of herring gulls elicited by electrical forebrain stimulation.		1971	5134278
residues of dde and pcb in eggs from herrring gull (larus argentatus) and common gull (larus canus) in norway.		1971	5003194
galactosomum timondavidi sp. n. (trematoda: heterophyidae) from larus argentatus, with a note on the metacercaria.		1971	5157158
an ultrastructural study of the body wall muscles of the pentastomid reighardia sternae dies. 1864 parasitic on the herring gull larus argentatus pontopp.		1972	4340208
some observations on the circulation of influenzaviruses in domestic and wild birds.	four viruses isolated from poultry in the ussr and poland were identified as influenza a strains. one strain was closely related to fowl plague virus, the second showed an antigenic relationship to a/chicken/scotland/59 (hav5n1), and two others were antigenically related to a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (hav7neq2) and a/duck/england/56 (hav3nav1). antibodies to different strains of influenzavirus were detected in sera collected from poultry and from wild birds in the northern area of the ussr. more of the ...	1972	4541001
identification of a xylose-containing cerebroside in the salt gland of the herring gull.	a pentose-containing cerebroside has been identified in the salt gland of the herring gull, using mass spectrometry of acetyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives. a detailed interpretation of the spectra allowed a conclusion concerning the major long-chain base (the c(20) homolog of sphingosine) and the major fatty acids (c(22)-c(25) 2-hydroxy fatty acids), using reference spectra of synthetic galactosylceramides. a six-membered glycose ring (aldopyranose) was demonstrated by mass spectrometry of the ...	1972	4335795
on the quantification of pecking responses in young gulls (larus argentatus).		1972	5029817
[effects of various phenothiazine derivatives on the behaviour of free living herring gulls (larus a. argentatus pontopp)].		1972	4403253
secretion of 17-deoxycorticosteroids by herring gull (larus argentatus) adrenals.		1973	4699360
extinction, disinhibition and spontaneous recovery of the pecking response in young herring gulls.		1973	4707171
[evolutive cycle of galactosomum timondavidi pearson and prevot 1971 trematoda: heterophyidae, parasite of the yellow legged goeland larus argentatus].		1973	4787705
the lipid composition and na+-k+-dependent adenosine-triphosphatase activity of the salt (nasal) gland of eider duck and herring gull. a role for sulphatides in sodium-ion transport.		1974	4277708
an experimental investigation of a direct life-cycle in reighardia sternae (diesing, 1864), a pentastomid parasite of the herring gull (larus argentatus).	a direct life-cycle in reighardia sternae, a cephalobaenid pentastomid of gulls was investigated: the work was prompted by a report of eggs and larvae recovered from the stomach and intestine of a naturally infected gull. infective pentastomid eggs were obtained by surgically transplanting maturing female reighardia, taken from freshly shot wild gulls, into captive recipients. faecal material from birds thus artificially infected was collected daily and examined for eggs. eggs were force fed to ...	1975	1202414
fatty acid and aldehyde composition of major phospholipids in salt gland of marine birds and spiny dogfish.	the lipophilic components of choline phosphoglycerides and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides obtained from the salt gland of herring gull and eider duck and from the rectal gland of spiny dogfish were investigated by means of thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. all phospholipids analyzed were shown to contain small amounts of plasmalogens, and mainly c16, c18, and c18:1 aldehyde was detected. the fatty acids were composed of saturated, unsaturate ...	1975	1128176
[the life cycle of maritrema misenensis (a. palombi, 1940), n. comb. (trematoda: microphallidae, travassos, 1920) from french mediterranean coast (author's transl)].	the life cycle of maritrema misenensis (a. palombi, 1940) n. comb. is described with illustrations. the sporocysts parasite the digestive gland of the prosobranch snail cerithium mediterraneum. the cercariae are the same as cercaria misenensis, a. palombi, 1940 described from italian coast. the adults have been obtained by artificial infestations of larus argentatus michaellis. their morphological features are same as those of the caribbean species maritrema patulus w.h. coil, 1955. when the lif ...	1976	984671
the ornithodoros (alectorobius) capensis group (acarina: ixodoidea: argasidae) of the palearctic and oriental regions. o. (a.) maritimus: identity, marine bird hosts, virus infections, and distribution in western europe and northwestern africa.	in 1967, vermeil and marguet described ornithodoros coniceps maritimus from larvae reared from larvae taken from marine birds on dumet island (atlantic ocean), basse bretagne, france. we collected o. (a.) coniceps canestrini, 1890, from the type locality (venice, italy) and determined that the taxons coniceps and maritimus each require full species status. we selected a lectotype and paralectotypes for the taxon maritimus from the original dumet island material. the larva of maritimus is redescr ...	1976	978368
soldado virus from ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus (ixodoidea: argasidae) infesting herring gull nests on puffin island, northern wales.	three strains of soldado (sol) virus (hughes serogroup) were isolated from nymphal and adult ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus vermeil et marguet collected in and near nests of the herring gull, larus a. argentatus pontoppidan, on puffin island, northern wales. reciprocal complement fixation (cf) titration results demonstrated recovered virus strains to be sol virus and antigenically distinct from other hughes serogroup members. all isolates killed mice and guinea pigs, and 1-2 day old domes ...	1976	9805
salmonella infection in the herring gull (lans argentatus).		1976	769297
some observations on egg production and autoreinfection of reighardia sternae (diesing, 1864), a pentastomid parasite of the herring gull.	egg production by reighardia sternae, implanted at various stages of maturity into the interclavicular air sacs of captive gulls, is described. females produce only 2900 eggs per lifetime over a short patent period of 1-3 days. the problem of a direct life-cycle in relation to this unusually low fecundity is discussed, and speculation is advanced concerning a possible parasitic behavioural trait which could facilitate direct transmission. the hazards of the latter are also offset by auto-reinfec ...	1976	1256912
heat loss from feet of herring gulls at rest and during flight.	the role of the feet of herring gulls (larus argentatus) in heat dissipation was estimated during rest and wind-tunnel flight. we determined the blood flow to the feet and the arteriovenous temperature difference and thus estimated heat loss from the feet. determinations of oxygen consumption and respiratory water loss at rest gave a heat production of about 8 w; 37-56% of this heat was lost from the feet (air temp = 10-35 degrees c). during flight heat production was estimated to be about 57 w ...	1976	1267025
intracellular concentrations of the salt gland of the herring gull larus argentatus.	attempts were made to measure intra- and extracellular concentrations in secreting and inactive salt gland tissue of the herring gull. 14c-labeled polyethylene glycol (mol wt 4,000) was used as a marker for extracellular fluid. fluid separated by centrifugation at 36,000 g appeared by three independent criteria to represent primarily extracellular fluid. it could not, however, be fully ascertained if this fluid was mixed with a small amount of intracellular fluid. therefore, intracellular concen ...	1976	1259030
the breeding biology of two lake erie herring gull colonies.		1977	871991
the transmission of s livingstone to cattle by the herring gull (larus argentatus).		1977	878252
stereoscan studies of cercariae, metacercariae, and adults of cryptocotyle lingua (creplin 1825) fischoeder 1903 (trematoda: heterophyidae).	the cercaria of cryptocotyle lingua has simple pointed spines all over the body. four pointed modified spines occur dorsally in the mouth, and similar spines surround the openings of the penetration glands. the modified spines are shed shortly after penetration and encystment in the fish host. less than a week after encystment, cytoplasmic folds develop all over the tegument. after about 4 weeks the cytoplasmic folds have disappeared and the spines are now flattened and serrated. the external su ...	1977	915613
[comments on the exchangeability of herring-gull chicks (larus argentatus) after the 1st week of life].	in the biville chalk cliff area the herring gulls nest both in slope and ground colonies and on cliff ledges. like the kittiwake (cullen 1957), the cliff-nesting pairs still accept other chicks after the 1st week of life. gulls in slope and ground colonies, however, attack those chicks older than 4 days in close proximity to their nests (tinbergen 1936).	1978	696024
behavioral thermoregulation: orientation toward the sun in herring gulls.	orientation toward the sun combined with postural changes minimized the net radiation gain on the adult herring gull during the breeding season. the decrease in absorbed solar radiation was due to reduced surface area exposed to direct sunlight and to reduced absorptivity since, when the bird orients toward the sun, the angle of incidence is such that only the white surfaces receive direct sunlight. at low wind velocities (0 to 0.6 meter per second) and ambient temperatures above the lower criti ...	1978	635577
ingestion of crude oil: sublethal effects in herring gull chicks.	a single small oral dose of kuwait or south louisiana crude oil caused cessation of growth, osmoregulatory impairment, and hypertrophy of hepatic, adrenal, and nasal gland tissue in herring gull chicks living in a simulated marine environment. these findings suggest that ingesting crude oil causes multiple sublethal effects that might impair a bird's ability to survive at sea.	1978	145655
effects of telemetry transmitter weight on breeding success in herring gulls.	dummy ratio-tracking transmitters weighing 10, 30 and 50 g were attached to randomly chosen pairs of breeding herring gulls (larus argentatus). breeding success was measured as a function of eggs hatched and chicks fledged. fewer clutches survived if patients were subjected to more severe treatments (p less than 0.02). component effects (catching pairs of gulls or increased transmitter weight) were not singularly significant in decreasing clutch success.	1978	754822
immunoelectrophoretical comparison of sera from herring gull (larus argentatus) and lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus) (aves).		1980	7380657
cardiovascular effects of clonidine in an avian species, larus argentatus.	blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in the sea gull, larus argentatus, under light pentibarbitone anaesthesia. clonidine 10(-7) and 10(-8) mol . kg-1 (27 and 2.7 microgram . kg-1) i.v. produced a biphasic effect on blood pressure, a brief initial increase being followed by a prolonged hypotensive response. there was an immediate reduction in heart rate rate which persisted throughout the hypotensive phase. after spinal transection at the level of c4, clonidine administration elicited hyp ...	1981	6120470
the comparative distribution of zinc, cadmium and mercury in selected tissues of the herring gull (larus argentatus).		1981	6108830
total organically-bound chlorine and bromine in lake ontario herring gull eggs, 1977, by instrumental neutron activation and chromatographic methods.	in order to determine the extent to which organically-bound chlorine in herring gull eggs from lake ontario can be accounted for by gas chromatographic analysis, comparison was made with values obtained for total chlorine using instrumental neutron activation analysis (inaa). total chlorine and bromine (mg/kg fresh weight of egg) was determined by inaa on crude extract (cl, 65 +/- 35; br, 1.03 +/- 1.00), florisil-chromatography treated extracts (cl, 46 +/- 10; br, 0.93 +/- 0.82) and h2so4-treate ...	1981	7323806
low degree of isozyme variation within and between herring gull (larus argentatus), lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus) and their british and swedish subspecies.		1981	7298349
antigenic and genetic characterization of a novel hemagglutinin subtype of influenza a viruses from gulls.	influenza a virus isolates from ring-billed, franklin, blackback, and herring gulls in the united states possess a hemagglutinin (ha) distinct from the 12 reference ha subtypes. serological assays (hemagglutination inhibition and double-immunodiffusion) with specific antisera to reference strains and to a representative gull isolate showed that the ha of the gull virus was not antigenically related to that of any known subtype. the gull virus did not replicate in ducks or chickens but did replic ...	1982	7097861
antibodies against eds-76 avian adenovirus in bird species before 1975.	a retrospective serological survey was performed to demonstrate hi antibodies against eds-76 virus in sera collected between 1964 to 1975 from domesticated and wild birds. no antibody to eds virus was detected in the chicken, pheasant and turkey sera. however, hi antibodies to eds-76 virus could be demonstrated in sera from domestic ducks (60%), wild ducks (59%), geese (70%) and herring gulls (20%). the presence of antibodies indicates that the eds-76 virus existed in waterfowls prior to 1975. t ...	1982	18770213
toxicity of prudhoe bay crude oil and its aromatic fractions to nestling herring gulls.		1982	7067677
mediation and mechanisms of the hypotensive effect of l-dopa in the sea-gull: larus argentatus.	we have investigated the mediation of the hypotensive action of l-dopa after peripheral dopa decarboxylase (dc) inhibition in the sea-gull, larus argentatus. vagotomy prevented the bradycardia and hypotension occurring after l-dopa in birds pretreated with an inhibitor of peripheral dc. l-dopa alone, given to intact birds, resulted in a slight increase in blood pressure (bp), accompanied by a tendency to bradycardia. spinal transection in combination with vagotomy reversed the bradycardia and re ...	1983	6873183
cardiovascular and biochemical effects of l-dopa in the sea-gull, larus argentatus.	we have investigated the effects of l-dopa alone and in combination with three different inhibitors of l-aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase (dc), carbidopa, benserazid and alpha-monofluoromethyldopa (mfmd) on blood pressure (bp) and catecholamine content in conscious or anaesthetized sea-gulls, larus argentatus. the results show that l-dopa, given i.p., is taken up and decarboxylated to dopamine (da) in brain and heart. carbidopa inhibits the peripheral synthesis of da from exogenous l-dopa while ...	1983	6852101
behavioural responses to human intruders of herring gulls (larus argentatus ) and great black-backed gulls (l. marinus ) with varying exposure to human disturbance.	this study examined differences in response to humans approaching the nest for incubating herring and great black-backed gulls with varying amounts of prior exposure to humans. gulls nesting in frequently disturbed areas sat more tenaciously, responded more slowly, and returned to the nest more quickly following the intruder's retreat, than birds nesting in less disturbed areas. the species differed in their responses in different areas. stage of incubation had little effect, except that late in ...	1983	24897679
[gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. (syn. parvatrema sp. 1, j. rebecq, 1964) (digenea: gymnophallidae), an intestinal parasite of ducks from camargue (france)].	gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. replace parvatrema sp. 1 j. rebecq, 1964. metacercariae are described. they occur free in the extrapallial space of cerastoderma glaucum and abra ovata, at the central part of the valves. pallial epithelium hypertrophy is induced by metacercariae and damages are produced at the inner face of the shell of abra ovata. adults have been reared in laboratory hosts (aythya ferina, a. fuligula, anas platyrhynchos, tadorna tadorna and larus argentatus michaellis). natural ad ...	1983	6614742
avian wildlife reservoir of campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. in norway.	cloacal swabs from 540 wild-living birds were cultured for campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. the carrier rates detected were as follows: c. fetus subsp. jejuni, 28.4%; yersinia spp., 1.2%; and salmonella spp., 0.8%. all birds were apparently healthy when captured. c. fetus subsp. jejuni was isolated from 11 of the 40 bird species examined. among birds inhabiting the city of oslo, the highest isolation rate was found in crows (corvus corone cornix) (89.8%), fol ...	1983	6338824
mutagenicity studies on herring gulls from different locations on the great lakes. ii. mutagenic evaluation of extracts of herring-gull eggs in a battery of in vitro mammalian and microbial tests.	herring-gull (larus argentatus) eggs were collected from five locations on the great lakes and from one colony on the atlantic coast for organochlorine analysis and mutagenesis testing. the great lakes colonies were chosen for their different contaminant levels, while the atlantic coast colony was used as a relatively clean control. the eggs were homogenized and extracted, and the extracts were tested in the salmonella/mammalian microsome assay for induction of point mutations and in chinese ham ...	1983	6361273
the herring gull larus argentatus as a carrier of salmonella.	the proportion of salmonella carriers among town-nesting herring gulls increased significantly from 2.1% in 1975-6 to 8.4% in 1979. the range of serotypes carried by herring gulls was similar to that causing infection in man, and it is likely that the gulls ingest these serotypes when feeding at untreated sewage outfalls on the coast. this is supported by the proportion of salmonella carriers being higher among first-year birds (9.7%) than among older birds (2.0%), as it is known that higher pro ...	1983	6663058
the herring gull larus argentatus as a likely transmitting agent of salmonella montevideo to sheep and cattle.	this paper presents evidence for the involvement of herring gulls (larus argentatus) as vectors in the recent outbreaks of salmonella montevideo in sheep and cattle in scotland and suggests that the transfer can take place over considerable distances. the breeding area in scotland of herring gulls which overwinter in n.e. england is remarkably similar to the geographical distribution of the outbreaks. this pattern, together with the feeding behaviour of herring gulls on farmland, the presence of ...	1983	6663059
[bacterial and fungal digestive flora of herring gulls (larus argentatus) in the camargue].	the bacterial and fungal digestive flora of herring gulls (larus argentatus michahellis) has been studied in camargue, france. of 107 cloacal swab samples, one was found to contain salmonellae. the incidence of escherichia coli and faecal streptococcus was sufficiently high to suggest that greater attention should be paid to the environmental impact of this gull species.	1983	18766771
heinz-body hemolytic anemia from the ingestion of crude oil: a primary toxic effect in marine birds.	hemolytic anemia developed in young herring gulls and atlantic puffins given daily oral doses of a prudhoe bay crude oil. anemia developed 4 to 5 days after the initiation of oil ingestion and was accompanied by heinz-body formation and a strong regenerative response. the data evince a toxic effect on circulating red blood cells involving an oxidative biochemical mechanism and the first clear evidence of a primary mechanism of toxicity from the ingestion of crude oil by birds.	1983	6844918
[1st observations of the pathogenicity of ichthyophonus in birds. 2 cases of natural infection].	two cases of ichthyophoniasis (ichthyosporidiosis) are reported for the first time in fish-eating birds, heron and herring gull. the lesions were mainly in the heart, liver, spleen and kidney. the fungus was isolated from them, cultivated and found identical to a strain previously obtained from a sea-fish. it was able to grow at 40 degrees c. attention is drawn on the potential hazard for human health resulting from the ingestion of raw fish.	1984	6541443
adenovirus-like agent in the bursa of fabricius of herring gulls (larus argentatus pontoppidan) from newfoundland, canada.		1984	6092730
the blood vascular system in the head of the herring gull (larus argentatus).	the structure and development of the blood vascular system in the head of the herring gull (larus argentatus) have been studied using injection techniques and histological sections. three different but interconnected divisions of the arterial system are recognized in the adult: the cerebral carotid artery system, the external ophthalmic artery system, and the external carotid artery system. embryologically, the arterial system is characterized by changes in the relative development of these divi ...	1984	6538908
biochemical and functional disturbances in red blood cells of herring gulls ingesting prudhoe bay crude oil.	heinz body hemolytic anemia developed in herring gull (larus argentatus) nestlings given oral doses of 10 ml of prudhoe bay crude oil per kilogram of body weight per day for 5 days. associated disturbances in red blood cells were increased amounts of reduced glutathione (gsh), peroxidation of membrane lipids, an increase in membrane permeability, and a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of cyanomethemoglobin-convertible hemoglobin. among groups of gulls given different cumulative doses of ...	1985	4049418
hemograms and microscopic lesions of herring gulls during captivity.	herring gulls (larus argentatus) kept in captivity for a maximum of 28 days developed marked heterophilia and nonregenerative anemia. these hematologic findings remained abnormal throughout captivity. concurrently, severe amyloid deposition was seen in vessel walls of the spleen and in other tissues, and vacuolar degeneration of catecholamine-producing cells of the adrenal glands was found in gulls necropsied at various intervals. behavioral signs of stress were seen in the early stages of capti ...	1985	4077622
effects of ingestion of hibernia and prudhoe bay crude oils on hepatic and renal mixed function oxidase in nestling herring gulls (larus argentatus).	oral administration of prudhoe bay crude or hibernia crude to nestling herring gulls increased the hepatic cytochrome p-450 content 4-fold. concomitantly, there was an increase in various mixed-function oxidase and phase ii enzyme activities. 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase was elevated 19-fold, benzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxylase 6-fold, aniline hydroxylase 3-fold, and aminopyrine n-demethylase and uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase 2-fold. there was no change in reduced glutathione s-transfera ...	1985	3967642
long-term preservation of egg and tissue homogenates for determination of organochlorine compounds: freezing versus freeze-drying.	storage of wet egg homogenates at temperatures from -18 degrees to -28 degrees c was more suitable for long-term preservation than freeze-drying. changes in residue levels of heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene,p,p'-dde, mirex, and pcbs were not significant over a 3-year period in fresh herring gull egg homogenates stored at -18 degrees to -28 degrees c. compounds with gas chromatographic retention times shorter than hexachlorobenzene vaporized during freeze-drying at a ...	1985	3980402
blood chemistry changes in food-deprived herring gulls.	blood chemistry changes caused by food-stress was measured in fledgling herring gulls (larus argentatus). increases of corticosterone, t3, free fatty acids, glucose, cholesterol and alpha-amino n-butyric acid were observed. significant decreases were found in the concentrations of 14 of the 26 free amino acids studied.	1985	2863080
the isolation of meaban virus, a new flavivirus from the seabird tick ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus in france.	seven strains of a new flavivirus, for which the name of meaban virus is proposed, were isolated from the seabird tick ornithodoros (a.) maritimus collected during 1981 and 1982 in nests of herring gulls (larus argentatus) on islands of south brittany, france. the new virus was compared serologically with 65 other flaviviruses including tyuleniy virus and was found to be most closely related to, but different from saumarez reef virus, an agent previously isolated in australia and tasmania. some ...	1985	2982352
contaminant levels in colonial waterbirds from green bay and lake michigan, 1975-80.	residues of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs), polychlorinated styrenes (pcss), and mercury were measured in the eggs of 10 species of colonial waterbirds nesting in areas around green bay or lake michigan from 1975 to 1980. residues also were measured in the carcasses and brains of black-crowned night-herons (nycticorax nycticorax). the highest residues were of pcbs, dde, mercury, and dieldrin; for some species, levels of these chemical ...	1985	24258029
morphological lesions in red blood cells from herring gulls and atlantic puffins ingesting prudhoe bay crude oil.	red blood cells from nestling herring gulls and atlantic puffins that had ingested 10 ml or more of a prudhoe bay crude oil/kg body weight/day for four to five days were examined by light and electron microscopy. in stained smears, red blood cells from oil-dosed birds were characterized by anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, reticulocytosis, and heinz body formation. in transmission electron micrographs, affected cells had intracytoplasmic and intranuclear heinz bodies, a variety of abnormal cytoplasm ...	1985	2412333
lead, mercury, cadmium and selenium in two species of gull feeding on inland dumps, and in marine areas.	the influence of the foraging area on the intake of trace elements was evaluated in tissues of two species of gull: the black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) and the herring gull (larus argentatus). mercury levels were higher in birds from the coastal environment than in those caught on inland dumps; birds found at one dump site showed high levels of lead. interspecific differences in the levels of mercury and cadmium are discussed.	1986	3810137
clinical, gross, and histological findings in herring gulls and atlantic puffins that ingested prudhoe bay crude oil.	oral doses of 0, 1, 4, 5, 10, or 20 ml of prudhoe bay crude oil/kg body weight/day were given to herring gull and atlantic puffin nestlings for 5 to 7 consecutive days. gulls defecated substantial amounts of oil within 10 to 15 minutes after receiving a dose. clinical signs and lesions occurred only in birds given greater than or equal to 10 ml oil/kg body weight/day. gulls consumed less food and lost weight. two categories of lesions were observed: those considered secondary to a primary toxic ...	1986	3727312
nitrite poisoning in herring gulls (larus argentatus) and ring-billed gulls (larus delawarensis).	landfill disposal of a fertilizer manufacturing waste product was associated with a die-off of gulls in new hanover county, north carolina. an estimated 250 herring and ring-billed gulls were found dead at the site following the initial disposal of this material. chemical analyses revealed that the fertilizer waste contained predominately calcium (12.0 to 22.2%) and nitrite (3.0 to 15.2%). contents of the proventriculi and gizzards of dead gulls also contained calcium (3.0 to 10.9%) and nitrite ...	1986	3016349
organochlorine chemical residues in herring gulls, ring-billed gulls, and common terns of western lake superior.		1986	3729548
a quantitative assessment of thyroid histopathology of herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the great lakes and a hypothesis on the causal role of environmental contaminants.	thyroids from 213 adult herring gulls of both sexes were collected during incubation from nine colonies in the great lakes basin of eastern north america between 1974 and 1983, and from a single colony in the bay of fundy from 1977 to 1982. qualitative and quantitative histological assessment revealed that the majority of the gulls from the great lakes basin suffered from goiter. these thyroids had a greater mass than those from the bay of fundy, and were microfollicular and frequently hyperplas ...	1986	3951063
renal excretion in gull chicks: effect of parathyroid hormone and calcium loading.	renal clearance experiments were performed on herring gull (larus argentatus) and great black-backed gull chicks (l. marinus) to test the importance of parathyroid hormone (pth), parathyroidectomy (ptx), and calcium loading on excretion patterns of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate. ptx reduced the relative clearance of phosphate to near zero within 2 h. conversely, pth stimulated net secretion of phosphate within 40 min. calcium loading caused a drop in phosphate excretion identical to ...	1986	3942252
on being the right size: natural selection and body size in the herring gull.		1986	28556212
postsynaptic alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the vascular system of the herring gull, larus argentatus.	the nature of the vascular alpha-adrenoceptors has been studied in the herring gull, larus argentatus. in the anaesthetized herring gull, both phenylephrine and clonidine elicited dose-dependent increases in arterial blood pressure. the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin was a better antagonist of phenylephrine than were the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine and rauwolscine. yohimbine and rauwolscine were better antagonists of clonidine than was prazosin. the maximum response to p ...	1986	2879594
ionic alkylleads in herring gulls from the great lakes region.		1986	22257404
color pattern polymorphism in the lake erie water snake, nerodia sipedon insularum.	populations of the water snake, nerodia sipedon, on islands in western lake erie are polymorphic for color pattern. these populations include banded, intermediate, and unbanded morphs while surrounding mainland populations consist solely of the banded morph. the hypothesis that this polymorphism is maintained by strong selection and migration pressures is widely accepted. unbanded morphs are apparently more cryptic along island shorelines while banded morphs are more cryptic on the mainland. mig ...	1987	28568759
mixed-function oxidase activity in seabirds and its relationship to oil pollution.	1. the hepatic activity of epoxide hydrolase, aldrin epoxidase, aminopyrine n-demethylase, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase, benzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxylase and udp glucuronyl transferase was determined in adult herring gulls (larus argentatus) at various stages of the breeding season. 2. mfo activity was measured for adult leach's storm-petrels (oceanodroma leucorhoa), guillemot (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica). for most assays the values were highest for the puffin. 3. mfo act ...	1987	2890477
eimeria wobeseri sp. n. and eimeria goelandi sp. n. (protozoa: apicomplexa) in the kidneys of herring gulls (larus argentatus).	eimeria wobeseri sp. n. and e. goelandi sp. n. from the kidneys of nestling herring gulls (larus argentatus) are reported. species descriptions are based on the morphology of sporulated oocysts. oocysts of one or both species were recovered from 90 to 100 gulls. nine of 16 gulls rigorously examined were found infected simultaneously with both species. meronts, gamonts and zygotes were observed histologically in epithelial cells of distal tubules, collecting ducts and ureters. sporulated oocysts ...	1988	3411711
uptake of 226ra by established vegetation and black cutworm larvae, agrotis ipsilon (class insecta: order lepidoptera), on u mill tailings at elliot lake, canada.	radium-226 levels in samples from an inactive u tailings site at elliot lake, ontario, canada, were: 9,140 +/- 500 mbq g-1 dry weight in the substrate; 62 +/- 1 mbq g-1 dry weight in rye, secale cereale, and less than 3.7 mbq g-1 dry weight in oats, avena sativa, the dominant species established by revegetation of the tailings; and 117 +/- 7 mbq g-1 dry weight in washed and unwashed black cutworm larvae. concentration ratios were: vegetation to tailings 0.001-0.007; black cutworms to vegetation ...	1988	3391775
sensitivity of embryos from duck, goose, herring gull, and various chicken breeds to 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl.	yolks in embryonated eggs from duck, goose, herring gull, and various breeds of chicken were injected with 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb). hens' eggs were injected after 4 days of incubation and eggs from the other species were injected after 5 days of incubation. all breeds of chicken tested were very sensitive to tcb. at a dose of 20 micrograms/kg egg the death rate in chick embryos ranged from 70 to 100% at the end of the experiment by day 18 of incubation. liver lesions, hydropericardiu ...	1988	3131755