Publications

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internalization and fusion mechanism of vesicular stomatitis virus and related rhabdoviruses.members of the rhabdoviridae infect a wide variety of animals and plants, and are the causative agents of many important diseases. rhabdoviruses enter host cells following internalization into endosomes, with the glycoprotein (g protein) mediating both receptor binding to host cells and fusion with the cellular membrane. the recently solved crystal structure of vesicular stomatitis virus g has allowed considerable insight into the mechanism of rhabdovirus entry, in particular the low ph-dependen ...023516023
virus infections in the nervous system.virus infections usually begin in peripheral tissues and can invade the mammalian nervous system (ns), spreading into the peripheral (pns) and more rarely the central (cns) nervous systems. the cns is protected from most virus infections by effective immune responses and multilayer barriers. however, some viruses enter the ns with high efficiency via the bloodstream or by directly infecting nerves that innervate peripheral tissues, resulting in debilitating direct and immune-mediated pathology. ...023601101
evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based rapid immunochromatographic test for direct detection of rabies virus in the brain of humans and animals.rabies diagnosis uses a direct fluorescent antibody test (fat) that is difficult, costly, and time-consuming, and requires trained personnel. we developed a rapid immunochromatographic test (rict) for the diagnosis of rabies. the efficacy of the rict was compared with that of the fat. brain samples were collected from humans, dogs, cats, and other animals in sri lanka (n = 248), bhutan (n = 27), and thailand (n = 228). the sensitivity (0.74-0.95), specificity (0.98-1.0), positive predictive valu ...022492163
encephalitis caused by pathogens transmitted through organ transplants, united states, 2002-2013.the cause of encephalitis among solid organ transplant recipients may be multifactorial; the disease can result from infectious or noninfectious etiologies. during 2002-2013, the us centers for disease control and prevention investigated several encephalitis clusters among transplant recipients. cases were caused by infections from transplant-transmitted pathogens: west nile virus, rabies virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and balamuthia mandrillaris amebae. in many of the clusters, iden ...025148201
role of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of human rabies.traditionally, rabies diagnosis is made by demonstration of rabies viral antigen by direct immunofluorescence (dif) and mouse inoculation test (mit). the present study was carried out to evaluate the role of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in comparison with these conventional techniques for the diagnosis of rabies.022825603
cxcl10 and blood-brain barrier modulation in rabies virus infection. 026895109
evaluation of in vitro antiviral activity of datura metel linn. against rabies virus.the soxhlet and cold extracts of datura metel linn. were evaluated for in vitro antirabies activity.027695266
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2013.during 2013, 53 reporting jurisdictions reported 5,865 rabid animals and 3 human rabies cases to the cdc, representing a 4.8% decrease from the 6,162 rabid animals and 1 human case reported in 2012. ninety-two percent of reported rabid animals were wildlife. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,898 raccoons (32.4%), 1,598 bats (27.2%), 1,447 skunks (24.7%), 344 foxes (5.9%), 247 cats (4.2%), 86 cattle (1.5%), and 89 dogs (1.5%). one human case was reported from ma ...025356711
immunological studies with herpes virus with a consideration of the herpes-encephalitis problem.in the preceding experiments observations have been reported upon the nature of herpes virus which confirm the suspicion that the virus is intracellularly located in the infected nervous system. in regard to the immunological conditions existing in this disease, our experiments have reaffirmed that herpes virus can be neutralized with the serum of actively immunized animals and have offered an explanation for the irregularity of the results of others, as well as our own. it has been found that b ...192619869171
further studies in anti-rabies immunisation. rabies virus-exalted and classical strains compared. 193120475112
propagation of rabies virus in tissue culture and the successful use of culture virus as an antirabic vaccine. 193617781073
inheritance of resistance of mice to enteric bacterial and neurotropic virus infections.under the conditions specified, there may be selected promptly from a hybrid stock of mice, of which 40 to 50 per cent die following a standard dose of b. enteritidis or st. louis encephalitis virus, lines in which as high as 95 per cent and as low as 15 per cent succumb. three lines,-one bacteria-susceptible-virus-susceptible, one bacteria-susceptible-virus-resistant, and one bacteria-resistant-virus-susceptible,-are regarded as remaining relatively stable after approximately twelve generations ...193719870600
propagation of rabies virus in tissue culture.rabies virus has been propagated in serum-tyrode solution containing either embryo mouse brain or embryo chick brain. the culture virus reached a titre of 3 x 10(-5) cc. after 4 days' incubation at 37 degrees c., and survived at least 2 months at 5 degrees c. in the liquid or dry state.193719870646
on the evolution of fixed strains of rabies virus. 193820475418
characteristics of a strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus encountered as a contaminant in tissue cultures of rabies virus.a strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus has been encountered, which grows readily in mouse embryo, serum, tyrode culture media. its origin is not definitely known but appears to be either the mouse brain tissue or, more probably, the monkey serum. this strain gives clear cut results on filtration tests through elford membranes, establishing the size of the virus, according to formula, as 33 to 50 mmicro. the strain shows a high and uniform virulence in w-swiss mice. this appears to be due ...194019870952
the use of ultraviolet light in preparing a non-virulent antirabies vaccine.rabies virus, exposed to the rays of a mercury vapor lamp under proper conditions, loses virulence yet retains considerable immunizing potency for mice.194019871034
influence of age factors on susceptibility of mice to rabies virus.1. 7 to 9 day old mice are more susceptible than older mice to injections of fixed or street virus by any route. 2. 20 day old mice are more susceptible than 60 day old mice to peripheral but not intracerebral injection of fixed virus. 3. 20 day and 60 day old mice are equally susceptible to street virus.194019871035
influence of age factors on immunizability of mice to rabies virus.1. w-swiss mice 60 or more days old are more readily immunizable against rabies virus infection than 20 day old or younger mice; this difference in immunizability with increasing age is most conspicuous when vaccination with virulent virus is followed by intracerebral test infection and least apparent when vaccination with avirulent virus is followed by intramuscular test infection. 2. the titre of circulating neutralizing antibodies does not parallel the titre of immunity.194019871036
the quantity of irradiated non-virulent rabies virus required to immunize mice and dogs.in the experiments described above, we found with respect to tissue culture rabies virus that 1 cc., which contains approximately 50,000 mouse intracerebral lethal doses, properly irradiated, was required to immunize a mouse; 500 cc., which contain 25,000,000 doses, were required to immunize a 20 pound beagle dog. tissue culture virus concentrated ten times proved capable of immunizing mice in a dose one-tenth as large as that required for unconcentrated culture virus. brain virus suspensions we ...194119871099
the complement fixation test in the diagnosis of virus infections of the central nervous system.a specific complement fixation test can be obtained in various central nervous system virus infections by using as antigens emulsions of infected brain tissue, freezing and thawing the brain emulsion, and then centrifuging it in an angle head centrifuge at 3500 r.p.m. for 1 hour. the method has proved reliable in the case of rabies, st. louis encephalitis, japanese b encephalitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, western equine encephalomyelitis, louping ill, and s ...194119871144
a study of chick-embryo-adapted rabies virus. 194119970552
complement-fixation in encephalitis and rabies virus infections. 194117743448
investigations on the immunogenic properties of fixed rabies virus strains. 194216560509
a non-virulent, single-dose rabies vaccine for prophylactic immunization of dogs.our studies on rabies vaccines thus far have led us to the view that in order to develop and test vaccines, quantitative methods are necessary, and that such quantitative methods may be exploited to greatest advantage by using mice, preferably w-swiss, as the test animal. dogs, due to their variability and susceptibility to intercurrent infections when kept under experimental conditions, are useful chiefly to check whether or not a vaccine produces a high grade of immunity; they remain of limite ...194219871228
the yield of rabies virus in the chick embryo.rabies virus was inoculated intracerebrally in 8 day old chick embryos and the virus activity of pools of embryos titered after incubation at 35-36 degrees c. for different lengths of time. the virus reached a titer of 10(-5.5) to 10(-6.5) in 5 to to 6 days and remained at a rather constant level until the 9th day of the infection. the report by kligler and bernkopf that rabies virus will invade the very young embryo after inoculation on the chorioallantoic membrane was confirmed.194319871334
brain tissue neutralization: a new biological reaction for rabies virus. its relation to the protection and serum-neutralization tests. 194417648019
propagation of rabies virus in tissue culture. 194521004041
[not available]. 194521008785
[not available]. 194521015137
[dissociation of park-williams culture no. 8 and toxin-formation]. 194521027474
influence of anesthesia on experimental neurotropic virus infections : i. in vivo studies with the viruses of western and eastern equine encephalomyelitis, st. louis encephalitis, poliomyelitis (lansing), and rabies.anesthesia with diethyl ether significantly alters the course and outcome of experimental infections with the equine encephalomyelitis virus (eastern or western type) or with the st. louis encephalitis virus. no comparable effect is observed in experimental infections produced with rabies or poliomyelitis (lansing) viruses. the neurotropic virus infections altered by ether anesthesia are those caused by viruses which are destroyed in vitro by this anesthetic, and those infections not affected by ...194619871570
studies on the cultivation of the aetiological agent of rabies in vitro and its nature. 194620289742
immunological differences between the pasteur fixed-virus strains and the venezuelan paralytic rabies strains. 194620995889
cultivation of rabies virus in vitro. 194720241611
[not available]. 194720248847
[not available]. 194720254289
[not available]. 194720256108
rabies; a case report with notes on the isolation of the virus from saliva. 194720265780
[not available]. 194720268399
influence of anesthesia on experimental neurotropic virus infections : ii. in vitro studies with the viruses of western and eastern equine encephalomyelitis, st. louis encephalitis, poliomyelitis (lansing), and rabies.1. experimental neurotropic virus infections previously shown to be altered by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses destroyed in vitro by anesthetic ether; this group includes the viruses of eastern equine encephalomyelitis, western equine encephalomyelitis, and st. louis encephalitis. 2. experimental neurotropic virus infections which were not altered by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses which are refractory to the in vitro virucidal activity of even large amounts of anesthetic ether; th ...194719871636
[not available]. 194718914491
study of fixed rabies virus propagated in the brain of guinea pig fetus. 194818881068
occurrence of rabies virus in the blood of developing chick embryo. 194818884308
a comparison of antigenicity and certain biological characteristics of six substrains of pasteur fixed rabies virus. 194818106201
studies on chick embryo adapted rabies virus; culture characteristics and pathogenicity. 194818106204
experimental studies on rabies virus. 194918113222
[first reinforced rabies virus isolated at shanghai]. 195014771615
[effect of aureomycin on rabies virus]. 195014775386
[virulence by subcutaneous route of fixed rabies virus added to the saliva of normal dogs]. 195014787258
[effect of several antibiotics on the rabies virus]. 195014808945
studies on chick-embryo adapted rabies virus. ii. pathogenicity for dogs and use of egg-adapted strains for vaccination purposes. 195015412249
the formation of complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies after the injection of inactivated rabies virus with adjuvants. 195015415598
[negriform inclusions in culture of nerve tissue in the absence of rabies virus]. 195015425919
[intracarotid inoculation of rabies virus]. 195114830335
fixed rabies virus in blood following intracerebral inoculation in mice and rabbits. 195114844322
transmission of a strain of rabies virus to the large brown bat (eptesicus fuscus) and to the cave bat (myotis lucifugus). 195114849156
[action of terramycin on the rabies virus, newcastle disease and avian variola]. 195114857443
[effect of aureomycin on rabies virus]. 195114857457
[strengthening of rabies virus in a sewer rat]. 195114925481
studies on chick embryo adapted rabies virus. iii. duration of immunity in vaccinated dogs. 195214949068
[symbiosis between the encephalitogenic strain of the coxsackie virus and the fixed rabies virus]. 195212976756
[hematological syndrome in white rats inoculated with fixed rabies virus]. 195213017185
[the effect of adrenalectomy in white rats inoculated with fixed rabies virus]. 195213017186
[search for rabies virus in rats of algiers]. 195213031712
virus encephalomyelitides. 195313036467
studies on the pathogenicity of an avianized street rabies virus. 195313067623
[experiments in vaccination of the dog with an attenuated rabies virus]. 195313081203
[contribution to the study of the flury rabies virus]. 195313082209
effect of rabies virus on mass and nucleic acids of embryonic nerve cells. 195313091874
[variation of the virulence of fixed rabies virus for the dog by intracerebral inoculation]. 195313093041
early appearance of rabies virus in the blood and in the brain of hamsters exposed by rectal instillation (preliminary report). 195313094928
studies on the purification of rabies virus. i. application of methanol precipitation and two other methods. 195313103149
[contribution to the study of the flury virus in rabies]. 195313119125
study of nine rabies street virus strains in the syrian hamster. 195313120888
particle size of soluble antigen of rabies virus. 195313121027
[the nature of the rabies virus]. 195313123837
[preservation of the rabbit adapted and nonadapted rabies virus in laboratory rodents]. 195313124937
[contribution to the study of the flury strain of rabies virus]. 195313139698
[contribution to the study of the flury rabies virus]. 195313144055
[appearance of negri bodies in the lesions produced by the fixed virus (strain louis pasteur) under the influence of hyaluronidase]. 195313148752
studies on leucomycin. iii. experimental treatment in animals with leucomycin. 195313152030
on the action of the nitrogen mustard to rabies virus. 195313175380
early appearance of rabies virus in the brain of hamsters exposed by rectal instillation. 195313010083
[immunizing value of fixed virus (babeş strain) inactivated by a modified electrocatadynic method]. 195413379909
[stabilization of fixed rabies virus]. 195414349265
[considerations on the mechanism of action of the pasteur rabies virus-vaccine and on the mechanism of rabies immunity]. 195414358007
biological modification of rabies virus as a result of its adaptation to chicks and developing chick embryos.this article describes experiments indicating a change in pathogenicity for laboratory animals of the flury strain of rabies virus at high egg passages. factors such as dilution of virus, number of egg passages, age of animals, and route of inoculation are taken into account. the results of the author's investigations indicate that living chick-embryo-adapted virus can be used both as a vaccine administered before exposure to rabies virus, and as an adjunct to antiserum in the protective treatme ...195413182592
treatment of wounds inflicted by rabid animals.this paper describes a series of experiments in which guinea-pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a strain of fixed-virus rabies, and their wounds treated, after intervals of varying duration, with different viricidal substances. the authors found that cauterization with fuming nitric acid gave no greater protection against the development of rabies than did irrigation with a 20% soap-solution; a cationic detergent, zephiran, was found to be the treatment of choice for wounds artificially c ...195413182603
recent advances in the preparation of antirabies vaccines containing inactivated virus.this paper describes experiments undertaken to determine the usefulness of 15 nitrogen-mustard and mustard-like drugs in inactivating fixed rabies virus for the preparation of experimental antirabies vaccines. one or more of the five agents eventually selected gives promise of practical value in rendering rabbit-brain fixed rabies virus and duck-embryo fixed rabies virus noninfective for mice, at the same time allowing of successful antirabies immunization.195413182604
avianized rabies virus vaccination in man.this paper describes the results of three experiments in which 98 volunteers were inoculated intramuscularly with living avianized rabies virus of the flury strain, modified by adaptation to chick embryo; their reactions were compared with those of 31 other persons either inoculated with normal-embryo material, or undergoing pasteur treatment. immune response was estimated by determination of the development of neutralizing antibodies. these observations show that flury-virus vaccine can be used ...195413182605
recovery of rabies virus from colonial bats in texas. 195413186061
[flury rabies virus]. 195413190275
[flury strain of rabies virus]. 195413193166
[not available]. 195413193330
[inoculation of flury rabies virus in monkey]. 195413197863
[study of the flury rabies virus. ii..]. 195413198291
[culture of rabies virus in vitro]. 195413209901
[inoculation of flury rabies virus into the anterior chamber of the eye of rabbits]. 195413218365
[biological properties of the flury strain of rabies virus]. 195413218606
[dormant form of rabies virus of flury strain in rabbit]. 195413229392
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